Complete task 7. Morphological norms of participles

In task number 7 of the USE in Russian, students need to distribute sentences in accordance with the types of mistakes made in them. The difficulty lies in the fact that there are more sentences than options for errors, and it is simply impossible to guess the correct answer, so you need to be well versed in the rules for constructing sentences. For the correct completion of the seventh task, you can get as many as five primary points, therefore, it is undesirable to make mistakes in it.

Theory for the task number 7 of the exam in the Russian language

Let's look at the errors that are suggested to be found in the exam assignment.

• violation in constructing a participial sentence

You should never include the word being defined inside the participial phrase: "tourists who have arrived in the city" or "tourists who have arrived in the city", but not "tourists who have arrived in the city." Also, the participle must always be consistent with the defined word in gender, case and number: not "rooms furnished with furniture" but "rooms (what?) Furnished with furniture."

It is necessary to pay attention to the cases: “one of the letters written by me” - in this case the participle is consistent with the word “one”, but “after reading a series of letters written by her” - the question to the participle is asked from the word “letters”.

• incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover

The actions expressed by the predicate verb and the adverbial must refer to one common subject: “when I leave the house, the light always turns off by me” - an incorrect option, since in this case the adverbial participle refers to the word “light”, which is impossible. That's right: "when I leave home, I always turn off the light."

• error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members

You can not connect the union "and" words that are in different parts speech, and also put it between the participle and the word "which". “Not far from home we saw and met new neighbors” - wrong; the correct option is “not far from home we saw new neighbors and got to know them”. It is also incorrect, "The book is not only intended for children, but also for their parents," but correctly, "The book is intended not only for children, but also for their parents."

Another example: “The boy who sat at the table and painted beautifully” is incorrect, but “the boy who sat at the table and painted beautifully” is true.

• errors in building a sentence with an inconsistent application

In such sentences, you need to look at the word being defined. For example: "The book" Crime and Punishment "raises many philosophical problems" - wrong; the sentence will be written correctly if the word “book” is removed or the appendix is \u200b\u200breconciled with it: “many philosophical problems are raised in the book“ Crime and Punishment ”.

If there is a definable word, the application must be in nominative: in the newspaper "Gorodskoy Vestnik" (not "the city herald"), in the encyclopedia "Underwater World" (not "Underwater World"), in the program "Own Game" (not "Own Game").

• misuse of the case noun

Pretext	Noun case	Example
Thanks to	Dative	He acted according to the rules - wrong
According to		He acted according to the rules - right
Contrary to
Like
In spite of
Cut across
By (meaning "after")	Prepositional	On arriving home, she called her grandmother - wrong
		On arriving home, she called her grandmother - that's right

Words such as “upon arrival”, “upon completion”, “upon completion”, “upon expiration”, “upon arrival”, “upon arrival” should be remembered.

You also need to remember the phrases:

1. Point to something
2. Pay something
3. Confess to something
4. Pay attention to something
5. Be amazed at something
6. To blame for something
7. Remind something
8. Feedback about something

• violation of the connection between the subject and predicate

It should be remembered that with the subject "those" you need to use the predicate verb in the plural, and with the subject "who" in the singular. “Those who came to the exhibition left rave reviews about it”, not “Those who came to the exhibition left rave reviews about it”. "Everyone who saw the professor greeted him," not "Everyone who saw the professor greeted him."

• incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech

You can not mix direct speech with indirect, as well as use the word "I" in the translation of direct speech into indirect. For example, “the author writes that I am addressing all concerned people” is wrong; “The author writes that he is addressing all caring people” - that's right.

• violation of the temporal correlation of verb forms

It is necessary to ensure that all verbs related to one subject are consistent in time and type. For example, “I.S. Turgenev subjects Bazarov to the most difficult test - the "test of love" - \u200b\u200band thus revealed the true essence of his hero. " - an erroneous option, and “I.S. Turgenev subjects Bazarov to the most difficult test - the "test of love" - \u200b\u200band thus reveals the true essence of his hero. " - faithful.

• build error complex sentence

Such mistakes often lie in the misuse of unions. “Reading classical literature, you notice that how differently the“ city of Petrov ”is depicted in the works of A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol, F.M. Dostoevsky ”- in this sentence the union“ what ”is superfluous. "When the battle was over, but in some places there were still separate shots." - extra union "but".

Algorithm for the task

1. We exclude sentences that have no grammatical errors.
2. We read the sentences with errors one by one and determine which grammatical error was made.
3. We write down the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for assignment number 7 of the exam in the Russian language

Seventh task of demo 2018

Establish a correspondence between grammatical and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS	OFFERS
A) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover	1) The new aesthetics that emerged in the works of the Russian avant-garde artists radically changed the former "Greco-Roman" ideas of the artistic value of art.
B) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover	2) People who read Russian fairy tales and epics in childhood were breathtaking from heroic deeds.
C) violation of the temporal correlation of verb forms	3) With higher reliability, portable receivers consume much less power.
D) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition	4) When, after leaving school, my friend enters the factory, he acquired the qualification of a turner in a short time.
E) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application	5) According to I.N. Kramskoy, despite the fact that many landscape painters depict trees, water and even air in their paintings, the soul is only in the painting "Rooks" by A.K. Savrasov.
	6) Most of the works of the young scientist are devoted to the problems of theoretical physics.
	7) The inner strength and courage of a person are sung in the poem by A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Turkin".
	8) Subsequently, he could not even explain to himself what made him rush across the horses.
	9) Using the letter "ъ" at the end of words, in the 19th century it was just a tribute to tradition.

Execution algorithm:

1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors that we will have to work with.
2. We carefully read the sentences in which we need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that were composed without errors. These are sentences 1, 3, 6 and 7.
4. proposal 2 we see a violation in the construction of a participial sentence; correctly - People who read Russian fairy tales and epics in childhood were breathtaking from heroic deeds... IN proposal 4 - violation of the temporal correlation of verb forms; correctly : After leaving school, my friend entered the factory, where he acquired the qualification of a turner in a short time... IN fifth sentence violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application; correctly - According to I.N. Kramskoy, despite the fact that many landscape painters depict trees, water and even air in their paintings, the soul is only in the picture "Rooks" A.K. Savrasov.In sentence 8 -incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition; need to - Subsequently, he could not even explain to himself what made him rush to cut the horses. Proposition 9 - incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover; correctly - By using the letter "ъ" at the end of words in the 19th century, people only paid tribute to tradition.
5. We write down the correct answer:

The first variant of the task

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS	OFFERS
A) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate	1) Marco Polo (1254-1324) - the Merchant of Venice and a traveler who, on his trade affairs, reached China and spent seventeen years there at the court of Kublai Khan.
B) incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech	2) Solving the problem, it was difficult for him.
C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application	3) Pergolas, arches and trellises visually divide the site into parts, isolating separate zones.
D) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover	4) Sophia cream is used several times a year to prevent leg swelling.
	5) Andrey said that it’s better to let us leave me alone.
	6) Those who do not spare work usually achieve a lot.
	7) The longest escalator in the world is installed at the Admiralteyskaya station of the St. Petersburg metro.
	8) Before discussing the project, everyone looks and looks for future supporters and opponents.
	9) The 2013 summer flood that swept vast territories Russian Of the Far East and northeastern China, has become one of the largest natural Disasters the last decade.

Execution algorithm:

1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors that we will have to work with.
2. We carefully read the sentences in which we need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that were composed without errors. These are sentences 1, 3, 7 and 9.
4. We read the sentences with errors one by one and determine which grammatical error was made. IN proposal 2 we see the incorrectly used adverbial phrase “solving the problem”; in proposal 4 - incorrectly matched application (must be “Sophia cream”). IN sixth sentence a mistake was made in the connection between the subject and the predicate; correctly - those who do not spare work usually achieve a lot, or - someone who does not spare work usually achieves a lot... The phrase " Andrew said"Indicates indirect speech that is incorrectly constructed in sentence 5; need to - Andrey said that it is better to let us leave him alone... Left proposal 8 and an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members.
5. We write down the correct answer:

AND	B	IN	D	D
6	5	4	2	8

Second variant of the task

Establish a correspondence between sentences and those allowed in them grammatical errors: For each position of the first column, match the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS	OFFERS
A) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover	1) Studying foreign language, helps reading books, watching movies and communicating with native speakers.
B) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate	2) Dickens said that from childhood he felt that the world is worthy not only of contempt, that it is worth living in it.
C) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition	3) We continue to publish archival materials about Moscow architects who lived in the 18th century.
D) violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover	4) Loved ones need to be loved and taken care of.
E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members	5) There is a picture of a village, a river and a forest.
	6) At the end of the negotiations, the participants went to the journalists.
	7) After the New Year holidays, my mother and I went to visit my grandmother, who lived in the Moscow region.
	8) Russia's entry into the ten most interesting countries for the corporation, due to high sales volumes, allows the local representative office to attract additional investment
	9) Thanks to the launch of specialized X-ray observatories into orbit around the Earth, about a thousand X-ray systems in our and nearby galaxies are already known.

Execution algorithm:

1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors that we will have to work with.
2. We carefully read the sentences in which we need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that were composed without errors. These are options 2, 7, 8 and 9.
4. IN first sentence we see the incorrect use of the adverbial turnover; it turns out that reading books learns foreign languages. Correct option: helps with learning foreign languages… IN third sentence it turns out that publications, not architects, lived in the eighteenth century - a mistake was made in the participle phrase. Correctly: .. publication of archival materials about Moscow architects who lived… IN fifth sentence the connection between the subject and the predicate is broken. IN sixth sentence the case form of a noun with a preposition is incorrectly used; the correct option is " at the end", And in fourth a mistake was made in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members.
5. We write down the correct answer:

AND	B	IN	D	D
1	5	6	3	4

The third variant of the task

Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS	OFFERS
A) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application	1) The match took place at the large sports arena of the Luzhniki stadium.
B) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover	2) Thanks to vaccinations, none of the children got sick.
C) incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech	3) A sick kid, standing at the window, said sadly, and the cars were walking.
D) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition	4) When studying a foreign language, it helps reading books, watching films and communicating with native speakers.
E) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members	5) A habit is a deeply rooted form of behavior that works independently of our consciousness
	6) What seems to be an idyllic meadow or a quiet oak grove is in fact a processing industry that does not know rest, and those we call pests and pathogens, beetles, fungi and pathogens, play a huge role in it.
	7) Old linden trees in the alley in front of the main entrance to the manor house are tall and spreading.
	8) We drove through Spain by car, returning from Burgos to Madrid.
	9) Most of the animals living in freedom are busy solving the eternal problem - their own survival and procreation.

Execution algorithm:

1. We carefully read the list of grammatical errors that we will have to work with.
2. We carefully read the sentences in which we need to find sentences with a certain grammatical error.
3. To begin with, you can identify those sentences that were composed without errors. Correctly constructed sentences: 5, 6, 8 and 9.
4. IN first sentence an inconsistent application is visible; correctly - at the big sports arena of the Luzhniki stadium or simply "At the big sports arena" Luzhniki ". Second sentence - a sample of the incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition; correctly - thanks to vaccinations. Third - an error in indirect speech, fourth - in the construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover. In the seventh the proposal made a mistake in constructing a proposal with homogeneous members; the correct option is Old linden trees in the alley in front of the main entrance to the manor house are tall and spreading (or “tall and spreading”).
5. We write down the correct answer:

AND	B	IN	D	D
1	4	3	2	7

Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are allowed: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

GRAMMATICAL ERRORS		OFFERS
A) violation in the construction of a sentence with an participial turnover B) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members C) incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate E) incorrect construction of a sentence with an adverbial turnover		1) M. Gorky wrote about A.S. Pushkin that he "decorated a folk song and a fairy tale with the brilliance of his talent!" 2) When creating a website, it seems difficult to many. 3) In the estate, which before the revolution belonged first to Ivan Turgenev, and then to the old Botkin family, a meeting of the descendants of the former owners of the house took place. 4) The Egyptian Bridge in St. Petersburg is famous not so much for the sphinxes installed on it, but also for the mystical story that happened in 1905. 5) By giving orders to Western aircraft manufacturing companies, industry leaders are causing serious damage to the Russian economy. 6) The school administration, first of all the director and the head teacher, paid special attention to improving the professional skills of teachers. 7) Mozart, who worked in various fields of musical art, paid special attention to opera. 8) And now meteorologists in their weather predictions rely on some folk signs that give a fairly accurate forecast. 9) The meaning that people put into different concepts changes with the change of a person and society.

Write down the numbers in the answer, arranging them in the order corresponding to the letters:

A	B	IN	D	D

Explanation (see also Rule below).

A) a violation in the construction of a sentence with a participle in sentence 8. This error is caused by the fact that the participle is not consistent with the word to which it obeys, either in gender, or in number, or case.

Here is the correct spelling: And now meteorologists in their weather predictions rely on some folk omens (which ones), which give a fairly accurate forecast.

Rule Clause 7.1.1

7.1. CONSUMPTION OF PRIVATE TURNOVERS

INTRODUCTION

The participle is a participle with dependent words... For example, in the sentence Graduates who successfully passed the exam become applicants

word graduates -the main word,

those who passed - the sacrament,

who passed (how?) successfully and passed (what?) the exam is participle-dependent words.

Thus, the participle in this sentence is successfully passed the exam... If you change the order of words and write the same sentence differently by placing the phrase before the main word ( Successfully passed the exam graduates become applicants), only the punctuation will change, but the turnover remains unchanged.

It is very important: before starting work with task 7 to find errors in a sentence with a participle, we advise you to solve and study task 16, which tests the ability to put commas with correctly formed participial and adverbial phrases.

The goal of the assignment is to find one such sentence in which grammatical norms are violated when using the participial phrase. Of course, the search must begin with finding the sacrament. Remember that the desired participle must be in full form: short form never forms a participial turnover, but is a predicate.

To successfully complete this task, you need to know:

• rules for agreeing the participle and the main (or defined) word;
• rules for the location of the participle in relation to the main word;
• time and type of participles (present, past; perfect, imperfect);
• participle pledge (real or passive)

Pay attention to the factthat in a sentence with a participle, not one, but two or even three mistakes can be made.

Note to teachers: keep in mind that the authors of different textbooks have different points of view on the classification, as well as on the types of errors that can be attributed to a particular type. The classification adopted at RESHU is based on the classification of I.P. Tsybulko.

We classify all types of possible grammatical errors when using the participial phrase.

7.1.1 Violation of the agreement of the participle with the defined word

The rule according to which single participles (as well as those included in the participle turnover) agree with the main (\u003d defined) word, requires the setting of the participle in the same gender, number and case as the main word:

About children (who are THEM?) Returning from a trip; for the exhibition (what?) being prepared in the museum.

Therefore, we simply find a sentence in which there is a full participle, and its ending does not correspond (or) to the gender, (or) case, (or) the number of the main word.

1 type, the lightest

I had a chance to chat with guests, present at the opening of the exhibition.

What is the reason for the error? The participle is not consistent with the word to which it must obey, that is, the ending must be different. We put the question from a noun and change the end of the participle, that is, we agree on the words.

I had a chance to chat with guests (what are THEM?), attending at the opening of the exhibition.

In these examples, the noun and its participle stand side by side, the error is easy to see. But this is not always the case.

Type 2, harder

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

I want to find the words to a song heard recently.

These sentences contain two nouns: author, book; lyrics. To which of them is the participle turnover attached? Thinking about the meaning. What was published, the author or his book? What do you want to find, words or a song?

Here is the corrected version:

I want to find the lyrics to a song (what OH?) heard recently.

Type 3, even harder

The endings of the participles sometimes fulfill a very big meaningful mission.... Thinking about the meaning!

Let's compare two sentences:

The noise of the sea (what?), Awakening me, was very strong. What was awakening? It turns out that the sea. The sea cannot wake up.

The noise (what?) Of the sea, waking me up, was very strong. What was awakening? It turns out that the noise. And the noise can wake up. This is the correct option.

I heard the heavy footsteps of a bear haunting me. Footsteps cannot chase.

I heard the heavy steps of a bear (WHAT?) haunting me... The bear can chase. This is the correct option.

Children of employees (how are THEM?), having any diseases, receive preferential vouchers to the sanatorium. The participle “having” refers to the word “employees.” It turns out that employees will have diseases, and the children of sick employees will receive vouchers. This is not the correct option.

Children (what?) Employees, having any disease, receive preferential vouchers to the sanatorium. The participle “having” refers to the word “children,” and we understand that it is children who have diseases, and they need permits.

4 type, optional

Often there are sentences in which there are phrases of two words, the first of which is part of the whole indicated by the second, for example: each of their participants, one of all, any of the named, some of them, some of the gifts.... A participle can be attached to each of the nouns depending on the meaning: in such phrases, the participle (participle) can be coordinated with any word. It will be a mistake if the participle "hangs" and has no connection with any of the words.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

Each of the participants who received the maximum number of points was given the right to perform one more number.

The sacrament can be consistent with both the word "everyone" and the word "participants."

To each (what OMU?) Of the participants, rECEIVING the maximum number of points, the right to perform one more number was granted

Each of the participants (how THEM?), getting the maximum number of points, was granted the right to perform one more number.

We draw your attention to the fact that the error will be the inconsistency of NOR with the first word, NOR with the second:

False: To each of the participants who received ... or to each of the participants who received ... This is not allowed.

In the explanations on RESHU, the variant of coordination with the end of THEM is often used.

Likewise true: Some of the books (how THEM?), received as a gift, will go as a gift.

Or Part (like AY) books, received as a gift, will go as a gift.

False: Some of the books received as a gift will go as a gift.

NOTE: this type of error when checking essays is considered an agreement error.

7.1.2 The participle and the place of the main word

In well-formed participial sentences the main (or defined word) cannot stand inside a participial turnover. Its place is either before or after it. Remember that the placement of punctuation marks depends on this !!!

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

The guided documents for examination.

We walked along the dotted alley fallen leaves.

Leading the street the city was free.

Created novel as a young author caused lively controversy.

note: with such a sentence structure, it is completely unclear whether to put a comma.

Here is the corrected version:

Check carefully documents, sent for examination... Or: Should be carefully checked sent for examination documents.

We walked along alley, dotted with fallen leaves... Or: We walked along dotted with fallen leaves alley.

The streetleading to the city was free. Or: Leading to the city the street was free.

7.1.3. Participle expressions that include irregular participles

In accordance with the norms of the formation of participles, in modern Russian literary language not used forms of participles in -sch, formed from perfect verbs with the meaning of the future tense: there are no words rejoicing, helping, reading, able... In the opinion of the RESHU editors, such erroneous forms should be presented in task 6, but since in the manuals of I.P. Tsybulko there are similar examples, we consider it important to note this type too.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

Until I found human, able to help me.

A valuable prize awaits participant, finding the answer to this question.

These sentences need to be corrected, because future participles are not formed from the perfective verbs. There is no future tense participle..

Here is the corrected version:

We replace the non-existent participle with a verb in a conditional mood.

Until I found someone who could help me.

A valuable prize awaits the person who finds the answer to this question.

7.1.4. Participle phrases, including irregular forms of participle pledge

This type of error was in tasks of the exam previous years (until 2015). In the books of I.P. Tsybulko 2015-2017 there are no such tasks. This type is the most difficult to recognize, and the mistake is connected with the fact that the participle is used in the wrong voice, in other words, the real is used instead of the passive one.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

Documents, going for examination,

Competition, organized by the organizers

Foam, pouring into the bath, has a pleasant aroma.

Here is the corrected version:

Documents, sent for examination, must be checked carefully.

Competition, organized by the organizers, very much the participants liked.

The foam that we pour into the bath has a pleasant aroma.

B) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous terms in Proposition 4 is that for homogeneous members an attempt was made to use a double conjunction, while NOT SO MUCH mistakenly added AND ALSO to the part. The parts of double alliances are constant: NOT MUCH, HOW MUCH.

Here is the correct spelling: The Egyptian Bridge in St. Petersburg is known not so much for the sphinxes installed on it, as for the mystical story that happened in 1905.

Rule clause 7.6.2

7.6. ERROR IN CONSTRUCTING A PROPOSAL WITH HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

INTRODUCTION

Homogeneous members of a sentence are called that perform the same syntactic function, united by the same relationship to the same member of the sentence, connected by a compositional connection.Both main and secondary members can be homogeneous: subjects, predicates, additions, definitions, circumstances. For example, definitions of "new, super-powerful computer" in relation to the word "computer" would be homogeneous; circumstances "depicted colorfully, but indistinctly" in relation to "depicted."

TYPES OF ERRORS ALLOWED WHEN USING HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS

7.6.1 Homogeneous predicates have the same dependent object.

Rule: With a normal, correct structure of a sentence from each of two homogeneous predicates (first and second), ONE GENERAL question is posed to the general addition, eg:

Guys are fond of (what?) and do (what?) sports; Heroes of the story remember (what?) and share their impressions (what?)about the years of youth.

An error occurs if a DIFFERENT question is asked from each of the predicates to the GENERAL addition.

Example 1: I love (who? What?) And admire (who? What) my father.

The predicates “love” and “admire” have one dependent word “father”, which is in the instrumental case. It turned out that the addition "father" correctly obeyed only the second predicate, since the verb "love" requires the addition of the accusative (I love whom? What? Father), therefore, this sentence is constructed incorrectly. To correctly express a thought, you need to change the sentence so that each predicate has a separate, case-appropriate addition, for example, like this: I love and admire my father.

Example 2: The hero of the story believed (in what? What?) And strove (to what?) To his dream. Each of the verbs requires its own complement form, it is impossible to find a common word, so again we change the sentence so that each predicate has a separate complement suitable for the case, for example, like this: The hero of the story believed in his dream and strove for it.

Note to teachers: This type of error is related to control errors. In written works, such a mistake is usually made by students due to inattention: the first predicate is simply lost sight of, and the error (when pointing to it) is easily corrected. A much more serious problem arises where the student does not realize that one or another case question cannot be posed from a given verb in principle.

7.6.2 Homogeneous members are linked by double unions not only ..., but also ...; if not ... then ... and others

.

Rule 1. In such proposals, you need to pay attention to the fact that that the parts of the double union must connect homogeneous members of the same series, eg: We were inspired not so much colorful places of this quiet city, how the soulfulness of its inhabitants.Let's make a proposal scheme: not so muchABOUT , how ABOUT . The first part of the double union: not so much, is in front of the first OCH subject to "places" (we do not take into account the word "colorful"), the second part how stands before the second subject "soulfulness."

Now we will "break" the sentence. Us not so much inspired by the colorful places of this quiet city, how the soulfulness of its inhabitants. The first part of the union now refers to the predicate, and the second to the subject. This is where this type of error lies.

Let's consider some more examples:

Example 1: It can be argued that the mood was the main not only for the creator of the poem, but also for his readers. That's right: each part is in front of the OCH, in this example before additions. Let's compare with the incorrectly constructed sentence: It can be argued that the mood was not onlythe main thing for the creator of the poem, but also for his readers... The parts of the union are not connected by homogeneous members, but by the predicate and the complement.

Rule 2.You must also remember that the parts of the double union are permanent, they cannot be replaced with other words... So, the sentence will be wrong Merchants Stroganovs not only boiled salt, and since the union not only .. but also not. The union “not only” has the second part “but also”, not “also”. The correct version of this proposal would be like this: Merchants Stroganovs not only boiled salt, but alsomined iron and copper in their lands

This is how you can: (options for the second part are given in brackets).

1) not only ... but also (a and; but even; and also; and besides); not only not ... but (but rather, rather; on the contrary, vice versa); not only; 2) not that ... but (a; just; even, not even); even ... not that; not even ... not that; not even ... much less not;

3) not only ... also; not only ... also; little of; moreover, more than that; worse than that; or even.

7.6.3 In sentences with homogeneous members, there is a generalizing word.

It must be borne in mind that all homogeneous members must be in the same case as the generalizing word.

The following sentence is grammatically correct: I forgot about all: about anxieties and sorrows, about sleepless nights, about sadness and longing. ... The word [about] "everything" is generalizing, it stands in prepositional case... All OCH are in the same case.

Failure to comply with this rule is a gross violation. syntactic norm: gifts: crossbow bows, sables and decorations.

In this sentence, the generalizing word “gifts” is in the genitive case, and all homogeneous members (“crossbows, sable bows and adornments”) are in the nominative case. Therefore, this sentence is not constructed correctly. Correct option: Soon the nobleman began to inspect the brought gifts: bows-crossbows, sables and jewelry.

7.6.5 Use of different syntactic elements of a sentence as homogeneous members

.

There is a strict grammatical rule dictating which elements can and cannot be combined into homogeneous members.

Let us list the cases in which this rule is violated.

If the sentence is combined into homogeneous

- noun and indefinite verb forms: i like chess and swimming, I like embroidery and needlework, I'm afraid of the dark and be aloneand similar;

- different forms of the nominal part of the predicate: sister was upset and anxious, she was younger and kind and similar;

- participle and subordinate clause: The main characters of the story are people who are not afraid of difficulties and who are always true to their word; I do not like people who change their attitude and who do not hide it. And similar;

Participle and adverbial turnover: Loving their work and striving to do it well, builders have achieved excellent results and similar;

that is - grammar mistake. Note that such violations are very common in written works, therefore, like the whole task 7, this part is of great practical importance.

The following types of errors were encountered in tasks prior to 2015.

7.6.4 Different prepositions can be used for homogeneous members.

In the same series of OCH, when listing, it is possible to use prepositions, for example: in theater, and on exhibition VDNKh, and on Red Square. As you can see, this sentence uses prepositions in and onand this is true. It would be a mistake to use the same preposition for all words in this row: During three stays in Moscow, I have visited and in theater and exhibition VDNKh, and Red Square. You can't be "in VDNKh" and "in Red Square." Therefore, the rule goes like this: you cannot use a general preposition to all members of the series, if the meaning of this preposition does not fit at least one of the OCH.

Error example: Crowds of people were everywhere: in the streets, squares, squares... Before the word "square" it is necessary to add the preposition "in," since this word is not used with the preposition "on". Correct option: Crowds of people were everywhere: in the streets, squares, in public gardens.

7.6.6 Connection in the same row of species and generic concepts

For example, in a sentence: The package contained oranges, juice, bananas, fruits a logical error was made. "Oranges" and "bananas" are specific concepts in relation to the word "fruit" (that is, common), therefore, they cannot stand with it in the same row of homogeneous members. Correct option: The package contained juice and fruits: bananas, oranges.

Another example with an error: Adults, children and schoolchildren came to the meeting with the famous artist. The words "children" and "schoolchildren" cannot be made homogeneous.

7.6.7 Use of logically incompatible concepts in the same row of homogeneous members

For example, in the sentence The mourners walked with bags and sad faces a mistake is felt: “faces” and “bags” cannot be homogeneous.

Such an intentional violation can act as a stylistic device: Only Masha, heating and winter did not sleep(K. G. Paustovsky). When the frost and mother allowed him to poke his nose out of the house, Nikita left to wander around the yard alone (A.N. Tolstoy). Only if for artwork the level of Tolstoy or Chekhov, this is permissible (they are not on the exam, they can joke, play with words!), then neither in written works nor in task 7 such humor will be appreciated.

C) the incorrect construction of a sentence with indirect speech in sentence 1 is that direct speech was mixed with indirect speech. For a straight line, you do not need conjunctions "how, what" and the pronoun "he"; for indirect - unnecessary "how"

Since we do not know if this quote is accurate, we will use only indirect speech as the correct spelling, leaving the statement itself in quotes.

Here is the correct spelling: M. Gorky wrote about A.S. Pushkin that __ he "decorated a folk song and a fairy tale with the brilliance of his talent!"

Rule Clause 7.9.1

7.9 INCORRECT CONSTRUCTION OF SENTENCES WITH ANOTHER SPEECH

This task tests the ability of students to correctly construct sentences with quotations and indirect speech: out of 9 sentences on the right, you need to find one that contains an error.

The rules below will deal with citation and indirect speech, these are very close, but not the same units.

In everyday life, especially often in oral speech, we often use the transmission of someone's words on our behalf, the so-called indirect speech.

Sentences with indirect speech are complex sentences consisting of two parts (the author's words and indirect speech), which are connected by unions what, as if to, or pronouns and adverbs who, what, what, how, where, when, why etc., or a particle whether.

For instance: I was told that it was my brother. She demanded that I look into her eyes, and asked if I remember minnows, our little quarrels, picnics. They talked about how the birds I caught live.

Sentences with indirect speech serve to convey someone else's speech on behalf of the speaker, and not the one who actually uttered it. Unlike sentences with direct speech, they convey only the content of someone else's speech, but cannot convey all the features of its form and intonation.

Let's try to restore sentences: from indirect speech we will translate into sentences with direct speech:

I was told that it was my brother. - I was told: "It was your brother."

She demanded that I look into her eyes, and asked if I remember minnows, our little quarrels, picnics. - She said: "Look me in the eyes!" And then she demandedly asked: “Do you remember the minnows, our meetings, our quarrels, picnics? Do you remember? "

A friend asked: "How do the birds you caught live?"

As you can see from the examples, sentences coincide only in meaning, but verbs, pronouns, and conjunctions change. Let us consider in detail the rules for translating direct speech into indirect speech: this is very important both for writing an essay and for completing task 7.

7.9.1 General rule:

when replacing sentences with direct speech with sentences with indirect speech, special attention should be paid to the correct use of personal and possessive pronouns, as well as related verbs, since in indirect speech we transmit other people's words on our behalf.

Direct speech sentence	Correctly formed indirect speech	Incorrectly formed indirect speech
The father said: “ I I'll be back late. "	Father said that is he true heyit’s late.	Father said I would be back late.
We asked: “A you where did you come from? "	We asked where is he I arrived.	We asked “where did you come from”.
I confessed: “ Your Mikhail took the books. "	I confessed that their Mikhail took the books.	I confessed that "Mikhail took your books."
The children shouted: “ we not guilty!"	The children screamed that they not guilty.	The children shouted that "we are not to blame."
Pay attention to the factthat quotation marks can help to detect an error, but you cannot be guided by them alone, since quotation marks are used both in the application, and in sentences with quotations without errors, and not in all tasks.

7.9.2 There are a number of additional rules

associated with the peculiarity of translating direct speech into indirect speech, their observance is also checked in task 7.

a) If direct speech is a declarative sentence,

what... Example: The secretary replied: "I have complied with the request." - The secretary replied that he complied with the request... Pronoun replaced!

b) If direct speech is an interrogative sentence,

then, when replacing it with a relative clause, the role of subordinate unions is performed interrogative pronouns, adverbs, particleswho stood in direct question. Question mark after an indirect question is not posed. Example: "What did you manage to accomplish?" the teacher asked the students. - The teacher asked the students what they managed to accomplish. Pronoun replaced!

c) When there are no interrogative pronouns, adverbs, particles in direct speech - an interrogative sentence,

when replacing it with indirect ones, a particle is used for communication whether... Example: "Are you correcting the text?" the secretary asked impatiently. - The secretary asked impatiently if we were correcting the text.Pronoun replaced!

d) If direct speech is an exclamation sentence with an incentive to action,

then it is replaced by an explanatory clause with the conjunction so that... Example: The father shouted to his son: "Come back!" - The father shouted to his son to come back.Pronoun added!

e) Particles and words that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence

(addresses, interjections, introductory words, compound sentences) and contained in direct speech, when replaced by indirect speech, are omitted. Example: “Ivan Petrovich, make an estimate for the next quarter,” the director asked the chief accountant. - The director asked the chief accountant to make an estimate for the next quarter.

7.9.3. Special citation rules.

When writing essays, it is often necessary to quote either the desired fragment of the source text, or to bring the statement from memory, organically including the quote in the sentence. There are three ways to incorporate a quote into your speech:

1) using direct speech, observing all punctuation marks, for example: Pushkin said: "All ages are submissive to love" or "All ages are submissive to love," said Pushkin... This is the easiest way, but it is not always convenient. Such proposals will be met as true!

2) using clause clause, that is, using unions, for example: Pushkin said that "all ages are submissive to love"... Pay attention to the changed punctuation marks. This way is no different from the transmission of indirect speech.

3) a quote can be included in your text using introductory words, for example: As Pushkin said, "all ages are submissive to love".

Note that in the quote can not change anything: what is enclosed in quotes is transmitted absolutely accurately, without any distortion. If you need to include in your text only a part of the quote, special characters are used (ellipsis, various types of brackets), but this is not relevant to this task, since there are no punctuation errors in task 7.

Let's consider some of the quoting features.

a) How to avoid a mistake if there is a quote with a pronoun?

On the one hand, quotes cannot be changed, on the other hand, the pronoun cannot be left. If you just insert a quote, there will be errors: Napoleon once remarked that “ i I can lose this battle, but I cannot waste a minute "... Or like this: In his memoirs, Korolenko wrote that always “ i I saw in Chekhov's face undoubted intelligence. "

In both sentences you need:

first, replace the pronoun I with OH, exclude the pronoun from the quote:

secondly, to change the verbs, linking them with new pronouns and also exclude them from the quotation, so we know that nothing can be changed.

With such changes, the quotes will certainly "suffer", and if the second sentence we can keep in this form: Korolenko wrote that is he always "saw in the person of Chekhov undoubted intelligence", then Napoleon's statement cannot be saved. Therefore, we can safely remove the quotes and replace the quote with indirect speech: Napoleon once remarked that he can lose this battle, but not can lose a minute.

b) It should be especially noted cases of erroneous combination of two methods of introducing quotations into a sentence,

which is causing a grammatical error. As we already know, a quotation can be entered either as a subordinate clause or using introductory words. This is what happens when two ways are connected:

Wrong: According to Maupassant, what "Love is strong as death, but fragile as glass".

Right: According to Maupassant, "love is strong as death, but as fragile as glass."

Wrong: According to P.I.Tchaikovsky, what "Inspiration is born only from work and during work".

Right: As PI Tchaikovsky argued, "inspiration is born only from labor and during labor."

Thus, we formulate the rule: when using introductory words, the union is not used.

c) In the works of students, there are also cases when a quotation is introduced using introductory words,

but direct speech is drawn up as a separate sentence. This is not only a violation of punctuation, it is a violation of the rules for constructing a sentence with a quote.

Wrong: According to Antoine de Saint-Exupery: "Only one heart is sharp-sighted: you cannot see the most important thing with your eyes."

Right: According to Antoine de Saint-Exupery, "only the heart is vigilant: you cannot see the most important thing with your eyes."

Wrong: According to Leo Tolstoy: “Art - highest manifestation power in man ".

Right: According to L. N. Tolstoy, "art is the highest manifestation of power in man."

D) the violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate in sentence 6 is that the predicate "paid" is in the plural, although the subject "administration" is in the singular. The subject has qualifying terms (in italics), but they do not affect the predicate number.

Here is the correct spelling: School administration, first of all director and head teacher, paid special attention to improving the professional skills of teachers.

Rule clause 7.3.6

7.3. Approval of the predicate with the subject

INTRODUCTION

The subject is the main member of the proposal, which agrees with its predicate according to the laws of grammar.

Subject and predicate usually have the same grammatical forms of number, gender, person, for example: Clouds rush, clouds curl; Invisible moon Illuminates the flying snow; The sky is cloudy, the night is cloudy.

In such cases, we can talk about the agreement of the predicate with the subject. However, the correspondence of the grammatical forms of the main members of the sentence is not necessary, an incomplete correspondence of the grammatical forms of the main members is possible: My whole life has been a guarantee of the faithful meeting with you - correspondence of number forms, but different forms of the genus; Your destiny is endless chores- inconsistency of number forms.

The grammatical connection of the main members of the sentence is considered as coordination. This grammatical connection is broader and freer in comparison with agreement. It can be joined different words, their morphological properties do not have to correspond to each other.

When coordinating the main members of the sentence, the problem of choosing the forms of the predicate number arises, when the gender / number of the subject is difficult to determine. This section of "Help" is devoted to these questions.

7.3.1. In a complex sentence, pronouns act as subjects

If in a sentence (and not necessarily in the SPP!) A pronoun is used as a subject, then you need to know a number of rules prescribing how to correctly coordinate the predicate with it.

A) If the subject is expressed by the pronouns WHO, WHAT, NOBODY, NOTHING, SOMETHING, SOMETHING, WHO WOULD NOT, then the predicate is put in the singular form: For example: [Those ( who neglects the opinions of others) risk being left alone].

EXAMPLE 1 (Whoever came) [everyone will know].

EXAMPLE 2 [Nobody knew (that the lesson was postponed)].

EXAMPLE 1 (Whoever comes, [everyone will know].

EXAMPLE 2 [Nobody knew (that the lesson was postponed)].

B) If the subject is expressed by the plural pronoun TE, ALL, the predicate is put in the plural form. If the subject is expressed by pronouns in the singular TOT, TA, TO, the predicate is put in the singular form.For instance: [ Those (who graduated with honors) are more likely to go to college for free].

This proposal follows this model:

[Those (who + predicate), ... predicate ...]... And this is the most common model in which to find an error. Let's analyze the structure of a complex sentence: in the main sentence, the pronoun "te" is a subject, pl. h; "Have" -predictable, plural This complies with rule B.

Now attention to the subordinate clause: "who" is the subject, "finished" - the singular predicate. This complies with rule A.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error:

EXAMPLE 1 [Everyone (who bought tickets at the box office) must check in for the flight on their own].

EXAMPLE 2. [Those (who have ever seen the northern lights) will no longer be able to forget this extraordinary phenomenon].

EXAMPLE 3. [Those (who are planning a summer vacation) buy tickets in the spring].

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 1 [Everyone (who bought tickets at the box office) must check in for the flight themselves].

EXAMPLE 2. [Those (who have seen the northern lights at least once) will not be able to forget this extraordinary phenomenon].

In examples 1 and 2, the error is easy to see: just throw out the clause... In the following example, the error often goes unnoticed.

EXAMPLE 3. [Those ( who are planning a summer vacation), buy tickets in the spring].

C) If the subject is expressed by the phrase ONE OF .., EACH OF ..., NONE OF .. then the predicate is put in the singular form. If the subject is expressed by the phrase MANY FROM ..., SOME OF ..., ALL FROM .. then the predicate is put in the plural form. For instance: [None of those (who won the prize) wanted to go to the republican competition].

Consider sentences with a grammatical error:

EXAMPLE 4 [Many of those (who have been to Mikhailovsky Park) were amazed at the size of the old manor trees].

EXAMPLE 5 [Each of us (who has been in a similar situation) certainly thought about ways out of it].

EXAMPLE 6 [Each of the parties, (which presented their project), defendedIts advantages over other projects].

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 4 [Many of those (who visited Mikhailovsky Park) were amazed at the size of the old manor trees].

EXAMPLE 5 [Each of us (who have been in a similar situation) certainly thought about ways out of it].

EXAMPLE 6 [Each side, (which presented its project), defended its advantages over other projects].

D) If the sentence contains the phrase WHO, AS NOT .., the predicate is put in the singular masculine form. For instance: Who, if not parents, SHOULD teach children to communicate?

This turnover can be considered as clarifying, see other examples in clause 7.3.3, part B.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error:

EXAMPLE 7 Who else but us should be concerned about the cleanliness of their cities?

EXAMPLE 8 Who, if not your mother, taught you a model of endurance and love of life?

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 7 Who else, if not us, should worry about the cleanliness of their cities?

EXAMPLE 8 Who, if not your mother, taught you a model of endurance and love of life?

7.3.2 Coordination of the predicate with the subject, expressed word or combination of words with the meaning of quantity

When coordinating the main members of a sentence, the problem of choosing the forms of the predicate number arises, when the subject indicates a set of objects, but appears in the singular.

A) The collective nouns and words close to them in meaning act as the subject.

Collective nouns denote the totality of homogeneous objects or living beings as an indivisible whole: LEAVES, DUBNYAK, DUMP, CHILDREN, STUDENTS, TEACHING, PROFESSION, PEASANTRY. They have the form of only a singular number, are not combined with cardinal numbers and with words denoting units of measure, but can be combined with the words a lot / a little or how much: LITTLE RODNY, A LITTLE LEAF, A LOT OF MOSHKARY.

Close to them in the meaning of collectiveness can be attributed to the words NAROD, STAYA, VOYSKO, GROUP, CROWD; THOUSAND, MILLION, HUNDRED; THREE, PAIR; DARKNESS, ABOUT, LOTS AND OTHERS

The subject, expressed by a collective noun, requires the setting of the predicate only in the singular form:

For instance: The kids were playing in the yard of the house; young people often take the initiative.

The subject expressed by a noun of the type GROUP, CROWD also requires setting the predicate only in the singular form:

For instance: A group of festival participants shared their impressions; three horses swept under the windows

Consider sentences with a grammatical error:

EXAMPLE 1. Within three recent years the leadership of the Central and District Markets have repeatedly filed complaints with higher organizations.

EXAMPLE 3. A couple of lovers were sitting on the bench.

Here are the corrected options: 

EXAMPLE 1. Over the past three years, the leadership of the Central and District Markets has repeatedly filed complaints with higher organizations.

EXAMPLE 3. A couple of lovers were sitting on a bench.

B) A collective noun with a quantitative meaning acts as a subject

Nouns MAJORITY, MINORITY, MULTIPLE, SERIES, PART, despite the grammatical form of the singular, denote not one thing, but many, and therefore the predicate can take not only the singular form, but also the plural. For instance: On this pond ... countless ducks were hatched and kept; Many hands are knocking on all the windows from the street, and someone is banging on the door. Which form should you give preference to?

The subject, which has in its composition the collective nouns MAJORITY, MINORITY, PLOT, SERIES, PART, requires the setting of the predicate only in the singular form if:

and) there are no dependent words from a collective noun

Some went on vacation, and some stayed; many scattered axle, minority remained

b) a collective noun has a dependent singular

With a subject that contains the words MAJORITY, MINORITY, SET, SERIES, PART, the predicate can be put both in the plural and plural forms, if the noun has a dependent word in the plural:

Most students passed and test; a number of participants demonstrated excellent knowledge.

Some of the books were purchased for the library; a number of objects were delivered ahead of schedule

Plural the predicate in such constructions usually indicates the activity of the actors.

Consider the cases in which the use of the plural of the predicate is permitted and permissible.

The predicate is put
singular if	plural if
The activity of animate persons is not emphasized: Part of the conference participants did not accept participation in the discussion	Activity is emphasized. The subject is inspired. Most writers are emphatically rejected editor fixes. Most students are good answered at the lesson.
Activity is not emphasized, the passive participle indicates that the object itself does not perform the action. A number of workersattracted to responsibility.	Activity is emphasized in the presence of a participle or adverbial turnover.
Activity is not emphasized, the subject is inanimate Most items lay in a mess A number of workshops makes details for our workshop.	A number of homogeneous members also indicate activity: Most editors, proofreaders, authors, reviewers studied these documents. Most editors gotorder, got acquainted with its content and done necessary conclusions.A number of homogeneous predicates.

Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that the singular form of the predicate is more consistent with the tradition of book-writing styles and the use of the plural form of the predicate should be clearly justified. A mistake in the tasks of the exam will be the unreasonable setting of the predicate in the plural.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error:

EXAMPLE 4 Most of the assignments were and were not completed correctly.

EXAMPLE 5 A number of events will take place in Yelets, Voronezh, Orel.

EXAMPLE 6 Many poems by this author were published in the "Children's Library" series

Here are the corrected options: 

EXAMPLE 4 Most of the tasks were not completed correctly.Predicated in the form of a passive participle indicates the passivity of the character.

EXAMPLE 5 A number of events will take place in Yelets, Voronezh, Orel. Events cannot act on their own, therefore the predicate must be used in the singular.

EXAMPLE 6 Many poems by this author were published in the "Children's Library" series... Predicated in the form of a passive participle indicates the passivity of the character.

C) A combination of a numeral with a noun acts as the subject

With a subject expressed in a quantitative-nominal combination, the same problem arises: in which number is it better to use the predicate. In Chekhov we find: Some three soldiers stood next to the slope and were silent; He had two sons... L. Tolstoy preferred the following forms: There were three peasants and a woman in the sleigh; In his soul, two feelings fought - good and evil.

Note: In the USE tasks, such cases do not occur, since there is a great possibility of misclassification of the type of error - such cases can be attributed to an error in the use of a numeral name. Therefore, we restrict ourselves to general remarks and note the most serious mistakes made in written works.

With a subject that contains a number or a word with the meaning of quantity, you can put the predicate in both the plural and the singular form:

Five years have passed; ten graduates chose our institute

The use of different forms depends on the meaning that the predicate brings to the sentence, activity and community of action is emphasized by the pl. number.

The predicate is usually put in the singular if

In the subject, a numeral ending in "one":

Twenty-one students of our institute are part of the city's national volleyball team, but Twenty two (three, four, five ...) students of our institute are part of the city's national volleyball team

If the message captures this or that fact, the result, or when the message is impersonal:

SOLD twenty two suits; Three or four students will be transferred to another class.

The predicate is expressed by a verb with the meaning of being, presence, existence, position in space:

Three kingdoms stood before her. The room had two windows with wide windowsills. Three windows of the room faced north

Wrong: Three kingdoms stood There were two windows in the room with wide window sills. Three windows of the room were facing north.

The only number that creates the idea of \u200b\u200ba single whole is used to designate the measure of weight, space, time:

Painting the roof will require thirty-four kilograms of drying oil. Until the end of the journey, there were twenty-five kilometers. A hundred years have passed. However, it seems already eleven o'clock struck O. Five months have passed since then

Wrong: Painting the roof will require thirty-four kilograms of drying oil; Twenty-five kilometers remained to the end of the journey. The past hundred years. However, it seems that eleven o'clock has struck I. Five months have elapsed since then.

With a subject expressed in a complex noun, the first part of which is the numeral gender-, the predicate is usually put in the singular, and in the past tense - in the neuter, eg: half an hour will pass, half an hour has flown by, half of the city participated in the demonstration.

Wrong: half of the class participated in the competition, it will take half an hour

7.3.3 Coordination between subject and predicate, detached from each other

Between the subject and the predicate, there can be minor separate members of the sentence, clarifying members, subordinate clauses. In these cases, you must strictly observe general rule: predicate and subject must be consistent.

Let's consider special cases.

A) Coordination of the subject and the compound nominal predicate in the sentence, built on the model "noun. Is n. "

Note to teacher:this type of error in the SPP is noted in his manual "How to get 100 USE points" (2015) I.P. Tsybulko, while in D. Rosenthal's "Reference on Spelling and Literary Editing" such an error is called a construction displacement in a complex sentence.

The nominative part of the predicate in a sentence constructed according to the noun + noun model must be in the nominative case.

For example: [The first thing (to learn) is to highlight the basis of a sentence].

The grammatical basis of the main sentence consists of the subject first and predicate excretion... Both words are in the nominative case.

And this is how it looks misspelled sentence: [The first thing to learn is to highlight the basis of the sentence]. Under the influence of the subordinate, the predicate acquired the genitive case, which is an error.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error:

EXAMPLE 1 [The main thing (what needs to be paid attention to) is the ideological side of the work]

EXAMPLE 2 [The last (where to stop) is the composition of the book]

EXAMPLE 3 [The most important thing (what you should strive for) is to fulfill your dream]

Here are the corrected options:

EXAMPLE 1 The main thing (which needs to be paid attention to) is the ideal side of the work]

EXAMPLE 2 [The last (which should be focused on) is the composition of the book]

EXAMPLE 3 [The most important thing (which is worth striving for) is the fulfillment of dreams]

B). Coordination of the predicate with the subject, in which there are specifying terms.

In order to clarify the subject, sometimes they use clarifying (clarifying turns), connecting members of the sentence, separate additions. So, in the sentence Jury of the competition, including representatives of a cosmetic company selected from the audience, could not determine the winner, the highlighted turnover is connecting (in other manuals it is called clarifying).

The presence in a sentence of any member that specifies the meaning of the subject does not affect the predicate number. Such turns are attached with the words: EVEN, ESPECIALLY, INCLUDING, FOR EXAMPLE; EXCEPT, INCLUDING, and the like. For instance: Editorial office, including editors of the Internet portal, in favor of the reorganization.

Consider sentences with a grammatical error:

EXAMPLE 4. The whole team, including dancers and jugglers, spoke out for participation in the competition.

EXAMPLE 5. The whole family, and especially the younger children, was looking forward to the arrival of grandfather.

EXAMPLE 6. The school administration, including members of the parents' committee, spoke in favor of holding an extended parent meeting.

Here are the corrected options:

The error is easy to see if you throw out the subordinate clause.

EXAMPLE 4 The entire team, including dancers and jugglers, spoke in favor of participating in the competition.

EXAMPLE 5 The whole family, especially the younger children, was looking forward to the arrival of grandfather. 

EXAMPLE 6 The school administration, including members of the parent committee, advocated an extended parent meeting.

7.3.4 Coordination of the predicate with the subject, the gender or number of which is difficult to determine.

For the correct connection between the subject and the predicate, it is very important to know the gender of the noun.

A) Certain categories or groups of nouns have difficulties in determining the gender or number.

The gender and number of non-declining nouns, abbreviations, conditional words and a number of other words are determined by special rules. For the correct coordination of such words with the predicate, you need to know their morphological characteristics.

Ignorance of these rules causes errors: Sochi became the capital of the Olympics; the cocoa is cold; the shampoo is over; the university announced the recruitment of students, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs informed

Need to: Sochi became the capital of the Olympics; cocoa is cold; the shampoo is over, the university announced the recruitment of students, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs informed

Nouns, the gender / number of which is difficult to determine, are discussed in the section After studying the above material, you can successfully complete not only task 6, but also 7.

Consider sentences with errors

EXAMPLE 1. The parcel post was sent earlier this week.

In the sentence, the word "parcel" is the subject, female... The predicate "was sent" stands in the masculine. This is mistake. We fix: The parcel was sent and at the beginning of the week

EXAMPLE 2. The tulle was in perfect harmony with the color of the upholstered furniture.

In the sentence, the word "tulle" is a masculine subject. The predicate "approached" stands in the feminine. This is mistake. We fix: Tulle is in perfect harmony with the color of upholstered furniture.

EXAMPLE 3. The UN has gathered for a regular meeting.

In a sentence, the word "UN" is a feminine subject (organization). The predicted "gathered" is on average. This is mistake. We fix: UN gathered for a regular meeting.

EXAMPLE 4. Foreign Ministry announced participation in the meeting

In the sentence, the word "MFA" is the subject, it does not change. When decrypting we get “Ministry

foreign affairs ". At the same time, we remember that this word refers to the masculine gender. The predicted "reported" is on average. This is mistake. We fix: Foreign Ministry announced its participation in the meeting.

EXAMPLE 5. Moskovsky Komsomolets has published a rating best universities country.

In the sentence, the phrase "Moskovsky Komsomolets" is the subject, this is a conventional Russian name, a masculine word, like the word "Komsomolets". The predicate "printed" is in feminine. This is mistake. Correcting: "Moskovsky Komsomolets" published a rating of the best universities in the country.

EXAMPLE 6. Tbilisi attracts tourists .

In the sentence, the word "Tbilisi" is the subject, it is an unchangeable conventional name. This word is masculine, like the word "city". The predicate "attract" is plural. This is mistake. We fix: Tbilisi attracts tourists. 

B) Coordination of the predicate with the subject with the meaning of the profession

With a masculine noun denoting a profession, position, rank, etc., the predicate is put in the masculine gender regardless of the gender of the person in question.For instance: the teacher made a report, the director summoned an employee

FROM mistakes will be suggestions, in which the teacher made a report, the director summoned an employee .

Note: in the presence of a person's own name, especially a surname, in which these words act as applications, the predicate agrees with the proper name: Sergeeva's teacher read a lecture. More on this point below, 7.3.5

7.3.5 Attached to Subject

Application is a definition expressed by a noun consistent with the word being defined in the case: city \u200b\u200b(what?) Sochi, bird (what?) hummingbird, site (what?) "ReshueEGE"

By general rule the predicate agrees with the subject, and the presence of an attachment in the form of a different kind or number does not affect the agreement

For instance: The factory, this grandiose colossus, it seemed, too, was a ship of unheard of dimensions The proposal will be wrong The factory, this grandiose colossus, it seemed, was also a ship of unheard of size .

If there is an application with the subject, then, first of all, it is necessary to find out which of the words is the subject, and which is the application, and then put the predicate in one way or another.

Table 1. Appendix and subjects are written separately... When a generic name is combined with a specific or specific and individual, the subject is the word denoting a broader concept, and the predicate is consistent with it. Here are some examples:

Application is a common noun:

the rose flower smelled amazingly; the oak tree has grown; kharcho soup is cooked

Application - proper name

the Dnieper river overflowed; newspaper "Moscow's comsomolets" came out; watchdog dog barked

{!LANG-7d23859e00c95cb81cd7fad27c088cf9!}{!LANG-38e7aca6a33c4e0402100b0adfbee5d8!} {!LANG-ecfc0a474ace411094edc55157a28a6a!}{!LANG-67e1eeda0ce098a9d9ee7a85384cba55!}

{!LANG-e7d7e49473b4d3456c8eb90c713ab750!} {!LANG-910cf6d5c8496560d28cb03c349fa8c9!}{!LANG-53c1df35672f66b35ebe6c1583c26d81!}

{!LANG-f47c42053df8481cebaa2c2c973267a2!}

{!LANG-2c0adfd789af21a8012405d34349bdf1!}

{!LANG-312e1b600a99e2ec5290a9cd489ceccc!}

{!LANG-22c7a6d2fb59b86c4f8f6b08c6c436aa!}{!LANG-5e818c7f5e9794167fa173ccb4e5c1d6!} {!LANG-8039209c354c3e1fa027cc15d430ce92!}{!LANG-8f858cca1621867e394d6d9aafdd9fd7!} {!LANG-f3d3f83839b4de85f7abe78e5f7f0a72!}{!LANG-566808f0c60fabdaef75b263fbd517a7!} {!LANG-5e360920c3e0f8d60f15febb839c0259!}{!LANG-6b9c683bd7fbb4cc99731e60a0a0441c!}

{!LANG-896ec33b676153b141a8d79e9e11e473!} {!LANG-e8a47c076c5c1980a5bd21c469fa62d1!} .

{!LANG-cbea20a82de439ac3b96777391db52a7!} {!LANG-4688cb238d103514e60c8509b01469e6!}{!LANG-d8072d25e59f7923bea11ce82ab36c59!} {!LANG-188ccfe40d67a8b695a19cc1f5a8a40e!}

EXAMPLE 2 {!LANG-e702bda206976429ed74e3103f2261ee!} .

{!LANG-958b3e921e438e98764ba448295f067b!} {!LANG-d88ae9f43f6009d72ecfd0083fd3d960!}

EXAMPLE 3 {!LANG-fc25f763a9bcd1fe62bfa36b75dc25c9!} .

{!LANG-27b635f1a763370508b3c90490623282!} {!LANG-2538b9fa0e94cca3e73c4ddc64f32dc1!}

EXAMPLE 4 {!LANG-881f1592f1e1db0e09e02ed1a0344681!} .

{!LANG-d34e150d33707dd9582add4fb6b46d69!} {!LANG-243db471aafae641a528a5dcd082b109!}

{!LANG-d94005c629566562d7e6dde4bb48f1e5!}

{!LANG-0e22f666ee58ad2d88f0071122eb234b!}

{!LANG-bf6209cab679c8d0d86a8e10fc78a48e!}:

{!LANG-a4511827276417427a6df0f7463d7da1!} {!LANG-7c4d9a1f8ba1bccf5c612121452f872c!}{!LANG-146124f4ca84cb5fc56b5ec9f93ab18d!}

{!LANG-1955c3f7ed939a3d961d040265cde1f7!}

{!LANG-762da6daea4a3b04076a0c59a8ab87f0!}

{!LANG-6cf79e79382963ccb53e4d17e7ea2cf3!}

{!LANG-ed613146e9598e3f5dd0e9664db8c4af!}

{!LANG-b8b4c784c9a33e956de6017df6f1ab17!}

EXAMPLE 1 {!LANG-73b02b59c11fe6f6c4ca8591a232c7de!} .

{!LANG-881d55ca36e58f2dedc64bfec91c5790!} {!LANG-44093d5b3f1603c12b9e55292aa74b1c!}.

EXAMPLE 2 {!LANG-416cd00e085bb7c148fe07c5bce583d3!} .

{!LANG-d151686abd602c327159f7fb651faa5b!} {!LANG-c30544f809ca7ac590c23bec5d22025f!}

EXAMPLE 3 {!LANG-aa8bc1c268859b451fbc560bd495b239!} .

{!LANG-e92db70c5308c90a8c6fad0557fcb92a!} {!LANG-7529e1956238bf7bbde15721687c9c4e!}.

{!LANG-03f89d2a3f3c18d12112e8d006d23427!}

{!LANG-bcbe2345a5417d296c8f3f84064c6605!}

{!LANG-4ce9ae4696768a11c51b6c507a1b97c1!}

{!LANG-b2ecd0a4cbd586553559d79dc0078242!}{!LANG-5d1883cc012dd68b21b85153b57b1225!} {!LANG-d55332839c4ec5d041a720a5f3e2648f!}{!LANG-f261aaa8d74fd8a23c1afc1eced2e70d!}

{!LANG-7db0f3785707484750249428274af1fb!}

{!LANG-518f2989f933f4f23f5a251a36ada7a8!}{!LANG-83d1b19fd0f16fc524a3f800e5b7b9e8!} {!LANG-5be184da26ef092670b951f30fbd21e0!}):

{!LANG-3c89388d553c3d69e95f93ef5a142f8c!}

{!LANG-2434dcab2f5d2309aed57a7e1580e112!}

{!LANG-73061970a82bd0d68b4e81251856c918!}

{!LANG-f14f93ff64d36c06aebc9c7884c409a2!}

{!LANG-bfeb72b84e0122a1c1923b3bbc595892!}

{!LANG-b8b4c784c9a33e956de6017df6f1ab17!}

EXAMPLE 1 {!LANG-a61b5d667f3cc5c5531b818a792c6f5b!} .

{!LANG-e81a5047f9263437aaa9204cfc137f59!} {!LANG-707db23373f114816008d2c8d2a96935!}

EXAMPLE 2 {!LANG-0dda53756d9bb1625500b3042f74374a!} .

{!LANG-32253f68180bc7833e1a54026a634995!} {!LANG-50e796757018f0574c846a09caceb856!}{!LANG-2ce1c78a91496bf323684115f1ed6b6f!} {!LANG-3c55583f4d318e6d2fb77ae2c98fe56a!}

EXAMPLE 3 {!LANG-ede2534dbf118839ce833c83b02ac572!} .

{!LANG-27dfe63dea0161c0c74b0e6f5c93ad24!} {!LANG-c3749bb9cb9d25866bf5924c58d56122!}{!LANG-c626d3380b589310993be9902f83abb1!} {!LANG-f601410c0eae7752b9ad1e17506d6d04!}.

{!LANG-b6ae14a772a3b1c34a38d99eb7aac429!}

{!LANG-7345064a8bdc45cf5846b24bf21cd75f!}

{!LANG-dc975a3b11dd298ee7c4fbc1286bf335!}

{!LANG-05b080ce4eff4b43e371155f5abdac2b!}

INTRODUCTION

{!LANG-a4b1aceeef14ddba8a60b90c07dbbca8!}

{!LANG-68546c8b620bd23ac6c143b879f5de07!} {!LANG-d913189ed9db612eab96d91e33471102!}{!LANG-158cd9379d4d9cd18008dd251c28dc82!}

{!LANG-3e6263ef732d6c3893a7e406d4164e6a!} {!LANG-631129565d47e1b3dc487c19b8600d09!}{!LANG-bc0bd9e686907f69495f0a2f1534dd75!}

{!LANG-d29b08ff40dd9eabeeb26d6cf9003b43!}

{!LANG-b8ea475535a6a5672e3de2eee505b9b5!}

{!LANG-745b0748d077c749a61c2e75d84eaa87!} {!LANG-9b8a69486486721507b4cc92bca421ae!}{!LANG-6f130b251b40906bc447c7a28188e5f8!} {!LANG-7b064153411d916ab4704a9c3024d2ba!}

{!LANG-0e30440cbf5c6b56e6163c642f570952!}

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

{!LANG-809c632952fb749c90ea6cdebf9db12e!}{!LANG-71c942591179117b41a421aca9d5bda3!}

{!LANG-afabf53fe2d085b440d1f91f6bca03ea!}{!LANG-029111cc7bde4b50bc1fc9f120654780!}

{!LANG-6b039db8fda8bbb743b3426b4bd4517f!}

{!LANG-c1b9c1670b9f9266f400833d483183e3!}

{!LANG-756cb64b20031cad18592c45c2ec1505!}

{!LANG-a5ae4d9406e6e145846ad70e6d594696!}

{!LANG-19ad5c1b5b87a911c7d393140160c434!}

{!LANG-82c5f279ff955ad8305f32b1fd38f967!}{!LANG-1b48d72982c2bddb2ace98941542f360!}

{!LANG-315f9bdd883989520584836173263177!}{!LANG-f8912b03f27a1345c3034c1c3bccd286!}

{!LANG-d2e25c8edc6e515bf171e277423b24e4!} {!LANG-d5308dedecd86960bff737163186922e!}{!LANG-3d811ae05b974dc5cb5bafe6b19f404b!}

{!LANG-09648c14300e11d6a5f2e7afac81df0d!}.

{!LANG-9fb456329143831692f47ed0235274be!}

{!LANG-5085992937c266d9e70c848fcfec4927!}

{!LANG-1ffd786ef4f36fde847b32509ff0b9d4!} {!LANG-39a883af2064ba10f31710fe5f61d734!}{!LANG-a024be59f93976295896a8de0459978e!}

{!LANG-3255a9854eed775b4362aff8426feb39!} {!LANG-ecaaa869a5434d9829bed3c94cfc4a7a!}

{!LANG-e105a05399f4b67c97e6f06ef43eb3dc!}

{!LANG-5dc518a43d4516646c9c48ce4a378dd7!} {!LANG-2a614753b0a8630ca2bee350dd69c11c!}{!LANG-98bf15323b6704766a5c8971d245983d!} {!LANG-ecaaa869a5434d9829bed3c94cfc4a7a!}{!LANG-a89531a6d691b1cb3a6222fcfa1069d6!}

{!LANG-c1de37e63a17f87af3217524af5c3340!}{!LANG-946af4a7f1cedd1c1dc47d1f2ceda1de!} {!LANG-ccd027eed814dafcc484653a548ec579!} {!LANG-ecaaa869a5434d9829bed3c94cfc4a7a!} {!LANG-db7f36913a742ddea1f8cfedd9985cd9!}

{!LANG-5187f87a73a66204ba4688af4331c332!} {!LANG-f46881912b3152d3d739e3f7f1bb0eb9!} {!LANG-ecaaa869a5434d9829bed3c94cfc4a7a!}{!LANG-b3b0a5fe2f7eae5146dc217990cd1161!} {!LANG-ecaaa869a5434d9829bed3c94cfc4a7a!}{!LANG-61d9199561294ebfb621607b04b831a0!} {!LANG-ecaaa869a5434d9829bed3c94cfc4a7a!}{!LANG-cb4d143f9956ffd3c93e19b3a62aaecb!}{!LANG-19bd53a5224c6c10cd65c6372dbc02c0!} {!LANG-8dc4810ef743f33d0d1fe120f19dd181!}{!LANG-a8d9bb24d965c6a321faf22de07eb681!}

{!LANG-9fb456329143831692f47ed0235274be!}

{!LANG-4db90e6e43db1129da8bbc0cc26cf25e!} {!LANG-cdf17410d4719c990b762a8264db3c32!}{!LANG-804809da79b481ac758b27e16ec3b026!}

{!LANG-adce18eed26dcc3423b38de3bf4d1451!}

{!LANG-e4b74398c720583f9d50bd64d78e3dad!}

{!LANG-b9e6b03d64c612ffee88c3329daf7f1d!}

{!LANG-c0b0659564a1e8508538d58f18f68f40!}

Consider sentences with a grammatical error.

{!LANG-a90b926cead27f487d4fa5afd4fae34f!}{!LANG-39b74e92aa3c92cc39427cc9cd4c5f70!}

{!LANG-4e51bf1035320d89e0998a1318034656!}

{!LANG-564a785e1c154a38f1bbdb9c863ef811!} {!LANG-1baa5496ae8c6808788b2264f9ff2829!}{!LANG-b6d30ec703465b8b199255065784edb8!} {!LANG-a611367139fe62d71059365fde80a97d!}{!LANG-0c7d217d2b864ad12a242f0b93e6b7fd!}

{!LANG-a129037dc44f4c765810775daf86e46e!}.

{!LANG-9fb456329143831692f47ed0235274be!}

{!LANG-62742929093ff0bba055e75ee961ba1e!}

{!LANG-ca22be384d3dc230e245e1f379e4a49a!}{!LANG-c77a48e76300846edcd107928e366db5!}

{!LANG-79b3177e8d65cc244a1ac211852c1042!}

{!LANG-b0b9ac40111d0dee1f77f0f539130f42!}

{!LANG-a1310bfd5a50c53bc26debadc734b1dc!} {!LANG-d6ce7e8aaf3eceb807bdda89d591c008!} {!LANG-1561f68a9c9a43931d64bfc1d3fae1f9!}

{!LANG-a5533e420a2d93f5c6e6838e3666f0a2!}{!LANG-b4f25b3882daf6497e81e56cc387e59a!}

{!LANG-860b7bca15efbe86f3fe58a6d366ef03!}{!LANG-15684f84f0bc09e6418ae68df2ace387!} {!LANG-fa48f3ba3a12ebd579d8f0bd32df0167!}{!LANG-1313d95b4e8835bfc5070902680893a8!}

{!LANG-35291fda75fe0b8f3bbee0191f126a25!}

{!LANG-9fb456329143831692f47ed0235274be!}

{!LANG-10b9cc350bc7b2493596b911c5f6914a!}

{!LANG-c9fd3fb6b6fe2f2bc77e1a3ed963b0e2!}

{!LANG-54659c2c5edc4ac11ee06b860825843c!}

{!LANG-52805f6bc2e4da835a4fe0ac49e2c427!} {!LANG-513a86ba482342ff982d6be783d454b1!}{!LANG-8a673f4a67048b17b8b81536e859089f!}

{!LANG-62df0d1ba60157c2d93f6089be04b6f0!}

{!LANG-92c1c9b13c8d341ee760cc77da1104b7!}

{!LANG-ea619f711d5a18e3327a07905ba20156!}{!LANG-0489fc5ce544ba8cd41206c3a9ed3354!}

{!LANG-d2f869dcd13ef9525b27c64fab12e671!} {!LANG-7f6efe4078d00594f6625bea80c4d7c6!}: {!LANG-20f3db18b3f81e8c1c1e744f86217805!} {!LANG-323445626d3f33e2c83fecbb417c436c!}{!LANG-e141df4392e0e34c694f5af309869e22!}

{!LANG-1db98b1d2191b49ddb8449ea914998b7!}

{!LANG-52d7a10a1a7b2eb4b308e0fba4146616!}.

{!LANG-e5be3035bd4631af6e68d09c3237ade2!}{!LANG-8c1a6d69f5a9fb72daf65d579b1bd3e8!}

{!LANG-7818d67b151f74038e5d8a632336a197!}

{!LANG-db1b755d88f0062b04869b0ed08b8fd2!} {!LANG-902e8355defa9847ae115034263e49ca!}: {!LANG-0364e7b56bff417dde3aff68b40abadf!}

{!LANG-f1150ee89fddd9ebb9331e2b0b16a55c!}{!LANG-76f75b9a3555ebff1344075ffd283c9b!} {!LANG-5d52dddd68786276baa14acf111f9604!}{!LANG-9c6c5cfd3b06e531010e43ae5879b99e!}

{!LANG-340c386f102472f4962af805b37f6f84!}

{!LANG-44ae467aaf45271f5ffef06c6554ad05!}

{!LANG-7652a3ac7ba335c13482f659bead8c5e!}{!LANG-27a65a16cf03c876c13e97938ced6721!}

{!LANG-380ea969ab4c7b0659c6ffc4b8f799a6!}{!LANG-21f7ef08a9bd6f705f93c7028db69998!}

{!LANG-89b8b32b86b01f70609124c79625f123!} {!LANG-6c8ebd2424289af08f9691307b5ca83b!}{!LANG-188baa884d27b08a011db6f720ea9539!} {!LANG-32cd2cc8b85be974e01be938cca7f4c3!}{!LANG-06f11e077092960878dafbddd947e0b8!} {!LANG-1f49cfeabc6a8f049fb5dc532697d015!}

{!LANG-2c3ee5c0ded92c8d1264522ff7a45cdb!}

A	B	IN	D	D
8	4	1	6	2

{!LANG-90f0d9ac18bdf0b9c5b1c66f78d2fc24!}

{!LANG-1b44ce1a0fb12d6363d40e47f90226a5!}

{!LANG-e55c37932ae28a52044c4b65cf1eb711!}

{!LANG-f00a7ec5ca3c67006588932069b69184!}

{!LANG-71f88b68ec6aa0ee89c15a38b41f689b!}

• {!LANG-bc810b3376778f578c5d350858478ee2!}

{!LANG-27db9d0822025df1b5a93dbae4c122a3!}

{!LANG-10e5b8db962f512e14b8851d53a475a0!}

{!LANG-b1645d86211ecbe3454e3265ab6c3f6f!}

• {!LANG-3120dceb4120c4fb42e2650ff7eadb26!}

{!LANG-b6727b81543e8c7b2934b12d805c7ecf!}

{!LANG-e58ebdc3ff7d1b4780888408577619bd!}

{!LANG-2213c800934f785046d2a5126cdaf5c3!}

1. {!LANG-2d6c4c8a09a4655c0c2e1b8c45583493!}

• {!LANG-4560ee4b9ee66372bf6e1a72d644dcc8!}

{!LANG-760309872abe2baa07e7f222ef0c0abc!}

{!LANG-b2e4d556d89f6a309449c8e1485c2498!} {!LANG-a945087d67357f244403a63a2ab13f0c!}

{!LANG-fe9108dfe2293b369341859bbc9bb9d3!}

{!LANG-d9f390cead9746b55551f01626f96883!} {!LANG-aae76961c64a09f4f512b72f3a11cdb9!}{!LANG-d7da4a2e007009c23a3615bb2e5b87ec!}

{!LANG-b9befb3cc2b3fe6f2e929d3a2995a67e!}

• {!LANG-a616b6c64ac12480a3ab05e3c2b1ed03!}
• {!LANG-6f879ebfab4b187caaa016fc1694e56f!}
• {!LANG-239bbc04dbe638faf8fc0bf9874a8d4b!}
• {!LANG-769554c1b8b6d8a9ad53710b3570704c!}

{!LANG-a3abd8cf59e0326145db11696bbd0d0c!}

• {!LANG-17319383418bd26d81963e87924694d7!}

• {!LANG-08a6920cc6cff537da62119426b914b0!}

{!LANG-b091d436c4312dd6d27c57b3db057fe4!}

• {!LANG-c36f94da3fccab1562dff6408e740718!}

{!LANG-b4a9f68780fe0b23b27e2f4ef91ebce3!}

• {!LANG-1b6c26a2bb453a5080de7721180a2940!}

{!LANG-daef4da6f9eab24988df6a4bea604501!}

{!LANG-1db93e192a42a463dfb0539d695c6a9c!}

• {!LANG-2b916d0c5bbff74c04a8ca772586d6ac!} {!LANG-58f91877b8ae8c13e9a7b15704fa695d!}{!LANG-77eda9dcc899c8f84eafe4ccf8777f1a!}

{!LANG-946f4b72033dcea5b1d2217ee83eb254!}

{!LANG-a92e9bc5fbd5ecfaf14c59cd0fd49c06!}

{!LANG-b2a2dcdf6cc4d29e26d2e8eb11092f44!}

• {!LANG-093221a2342a7bef8d05d4b2480a86cb!}

{!LANG-382872f1f1df21a34653355e59e239e4!}

{!LANG-fe981bbf73b241b26b6851a1fb04a394!}

• {!LANG-22c58023fa9e21a5249e3c9818bf0d92!}

{!LANG-440c6ebe3aea7d0b637f0d1a75d5f297!}

{!LANG-15dd4867eb7f6a7bdcca25219681d11f!}

{!LANG-21f1b1aaeb0f9756e53b9eaedac5ca67!}

{!LANG-5ec6441f19641481330293f2e06510df!}

{!LANG-f10bee293685c907cf2ecfd4e658c7f0!}

{!LANG-47ec5487a9a3685e75c15b2441e3bd79!}

{!LANG-fc3e924793e2fa2432e575bbf29a65ce!}

• {!LANG-c69039f37406ec2b3f416d1cd834782e!}

{!LANG-8a5f07cc1d59631377a283ef0b217f82!}

• {!LANG-3080b7555004181fdec6f319ca9479d0!}

{!LANG-7c06b224a5ab329a99726c2c09ad2899!}

• {!LANG-61cc899e406be7b065c87b3019265453!}

{!LANG-7fef7ccb33a4dfff1c42f137c03d0117!}

{!LANG-d5bb482b8c8cdd0566d45486aea50875!}

• {!LANG-5d71fa9c71a481fc757655527846b4a2!}

{!LANG-3cd527f10f1ac85f633ac413c32a57b1!}

{!LANG-d33aa846f4075a9b5061d0f5090fc9eb!}

{!LANG-3a030eb4bbc545e6013bb5fa1668f4fb!}

• {!LANG-c2d0ba3ae36113e6df1a8b05c6c6dc30!}

{!LANG-b3b700a36f98315c786c175bdec8273b!}

• {!LANG-2f05f8430f6b14beb6dbe8372f1b49bc!}

{!LANG-22e4e1b0e9dffbab20fbf49f87fb8436!}

{!LANG-3ca6bf87c54b3b4b536e045e356c0dab!}

• {!LANG-bfaef6fc55971da3d84a8b42bc349423!} {!LANG-c3a81530860fca3dc9b28e08a3806c23!}{!LANG-39f39230b315a42f985e50cd41958a83!}

{!LANG-88fae6eb2be335e133edbc22780595c0!}

{!LANG-570bce759dcbdbdb6026715a2ed1282e!}

{!LANG-8fc133d64d20df1d7a5b5d274c3b5ce3!}

{!LANG-e5b805caae3ade452c0f98e86bed5664!}

• {!LANG-ef1a9a906bc9d60216f9f3b34d1d2d0f!}

{!LANG-0ae3d24c94177ab743ecc9dbf6c08f5b!}

{!LANG-df1e14882470abca6ee63f1db0530a3e!}

• {!LANG-c77977dcd3c3e0eea164e53870335f65!}

{!LANG-0ae3d24c94177ab743ecc9dbf6c08f5b!}

{!LANG-ec7e4e729ddd8f7a8b25920786232b9c!}

• {!LANG-7ddfc070f4a628f69061fc38ffa02e8e!} {!LANG-ac2abd0c34bff31b6dcda039add2e5c8!}

{!LANG-0ae3d24c94177ab743ecc9dbf6c08f5b!}

{!LANG-e29ba0a91481a7898c8108207290db72!}

{!LANG-428d3eb89563527bfa6ab1656d3e89ca!}:

• {!LANG-ecbe796b52c24f518821946549128c70!}
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{!LANG-d02e0cb6680646837efc86fed691f5e2!}

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