Paid secondary education law since 2013 About the federal paid secondary education law since 2013, rumors have been circulating for a long time. Its essence boils down to the reform of the social sector, namely, to the transition of state medical, educational and cultural institutions to other organizational and legal forms. It is worth noting that this reform is quite large-scale, so it, one way or another, will affect every Russian. The bill was adopted on April 23, 2010 by the State Duma of the Russian Federation and approved on April 28 of the same year by the Federation Council. The full name of the law is Federal Law of the Russian Federation 83-F3 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts Russian Federation in connection with the improvement legal status state (municipal) institutions ". Also referred to as the 'monetization law high school", Changing the procedure for financing budgetary organizations. According to the adopted law, almost all social institutions (schools, kindergartens, hospitals) will go from budgetary funding to self-sufficiency. The state will pay only for a certain amount of services provided by social institutions. The rest they have to earn themselves. The law is difficult to understand and drafted in such a way that even a professional can hardly understand it. Also in the law there are facts that are interpreted very ambiguously. It should be understood that the process of commercialization of medicine and education, as well as an increase in the number of paid services, will occur gradually. Therefore, starting from September 1, 2013, you will have to pay for circles, sections and electives, and the rest of the classes will remain free for now. will include all the items as before. Starting from the fourth grade, only a few basic subjects will remain unpaid: Russian, mathematics, english language, physical education - 2 hours a week, history - 1 hour a week. But for a child to study chemistry, biology, physics, computer science, music, drawing and other academic disciplines, parents will have to spend money. According to preliminary estimates, this amount will be about 6-7 thousand rubles per month, which is at least 54-78 thousand per year and about 630 thousand rubles for 11 years of study. Taking into account the fact that 40 percent of the population of our country does not will be able to pay for school, we have to conclude that more than a third of the citizens of the Russian Federation will remain illiterate and will not be able to get a higher education. LET'S SAY NO STATE. Mayhem!
IN russian schoolsah, the modernization of the secondary education system continues, the purpose of which is still not fully understood by many teachers and parents of schoolchildren. Dmitry Medvedev's message to the Federal Assembly, which once again spoke about the need to improve the quality of education and the measures that the president considers it necessary to take to achieve this goal, alarmed teachers even more. What is the attitude of representatives of the teaching community to the reform of secondary education?
In 2010, Dmitry Medvedev said, reforms should be implemented, enshrined in a special plan "Our New School". For example, a single state exam will remain the main, but not the only way to check the quality of education. In addition, those who "are able to provide a higher-quality profile education for senior pupils" will be attracted to work in schools. In the opinion of the editor of the site "Zavuch.info" Evgeny Baranovsky, teachers do not approve of these innovations:
- The pedagogical community does not understand where we are going. It seems to me that it is necessary to inform teachers and parents more. It is probably necessary to determine which graduate in 2020 we want to see, where we are leading our education reform, who will work in educational institutions - people who take courses in pedagogical skills, or all the same professional teachers... The president's statements that people can work in schools after taking courses or master classes on working with children do not find a positive response from professional teachers ...
In one of latest newspublished on the website "Head teacher.info", it is said that as part of the modernization of secondary schools in educational institutions, there will be only three free lessons... The second three hours will be financed by the state only by 30 percent.
- We are absolutely sure of the reliability of our source of information, - comments on the news Evgeny Baranovsky... - Let's compare the information from our source and the proposals made by the Ministry of Education, as well as the president's statement that it is necessary to attract managers from various sectors of the economy without pedagogical education to the education sector (a manager, by definition, is probably not a teacher, but a person who can look for money and earn). Further, we will take into account the enlargement of schools, per capita financing: how many children are in school, so much money is allocated to the school. Let's not forget other theses from the President's message - about equating commercial educational institutions with the status of state educational institutions ... Probably, all this confirms the information of our source that Russian secondary education goes exactly to such a - paid - structure.
The Ministry of Education and Science denied this information, but did not comment. The reason for the appearance of information about the introduction of partially paid general education was explained by the Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Committee on Education Oleg Smolin:
- Rumors of this kind appeared back in 2004, when Minister of Education and Science Andrei Fursenko, speaking in the Federation Council, made a proposal: to cut standards by a quarter, study load, make a quarter of the lessons optional and, therefore, paid. And parents from the poorest families will be compensated for the costs of paying for these lessons. Then it caused massive indignation of citizens. Perhaps not everyone remembers that in June 2005, Vladimir Putin said: "On the contrary, we are in favor of a law on compulsory and free, publicly available complete secondary education." By the way, such a law has been adopted, albeit in a very truncated, distorted form. At the moment, in my understanding, neither the Constitution nor the current legislation without amendments makes it possible to introduce partial payment for secondary education.
IN last years the Russian press and television are filling out information materials in which russian system education is predicted to move to paid basis... The reason for this negative information is the signing by the President of Federal Law No. 83 "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Connection with the Improvement of the Legal Status of State (Municipal) Institutions".
It is not the first time that rumors that education at school will be paid. Following this law, most of the institutions related to the social sphere will switch to self-sufficiency from budget funding. The list of such institutions includes kindergartens, schools, hospitals. A child can get several basic subjects for free: mathematics, Russian, English, physical education - 2 hours a week, history - 1 hour a week. But the rest of the items will be paid.
According to preliminary calculations, the average cost of training will be 6-7 thousand rubles per month. And it turns out 54-70 thousand a year and about 630 thousand for the entire eleven-year period of study. Primary school is still free and the list of subjects primary school will also remain unchanged.
The authors of such negative articles carry the idea that nothing good can already be in this country. And even more so in the field of education. Thus, the tension within society grows, the preconditions for a revolutionary mess are created. At the same time, conditions are being created for the introduction of "Western advanced educational technologies».
All these statements can be opposed to Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which states that
· Every citizen has the right to education.
General availability and free of charge preschool, basic general and secondary vocational education in state or municipal educational institutions and enterprises is guaranteed by the state.
Everyone has the right to receive higher education in a state or municipal educational institution and at an enterprise at competitive basis.
Basic is mandatory general education.
So what to believe?
According to the Minister of Education Andrei Fursenko, nothing will change in budgetary educational institutions, only illegal extortions will become legal. And if earlier a certain part of the collected funds settled in the pockets of the administration educational institution, then now all the money will go only to the account of the institution.
Funds to budgetary organizations will be allocated as subsidies, and not by item of expenditure. Since the entry into force of the new law, the distribution of funds will be handled by the school principals themselves: for the repair of classrooms, for the purchase of new equipment or for holding a graduation party.
Fursenko considers the adopted law useful, since such innovations can reduce the cost of education and allow to exclude unauthorized fees for those services that are already paid for by the state. In addition, students will study for such a time and study as many subjects as required by the Law of the Russian Federation.
Tatyana Nesterenko, Deputy Minister of Finance, says that the opinion that some of the subjects in schools will be paid is wrong. The new law does not provide for the transition to paid education, she says. Schools are required to fulfill government orders in the field of education, and do it for free. Only additional services or additional items will be paid.
Schools belong to budgetary organizations. They can offer services of additional electives and paid circles. However, schools were engaged in the same activity before. In fact, the new law does not specify how much money to give and to whom. We are only talking about changing the mechanism for bringing funds to educational institutions.
In the provisions of 83-FZ, all items of financial costs for budgetary organizations are clearly spelled out. Money for their activities comes at a strictly defined time through the Treasury. The status of budgetary institutions now includes orphanages, special schools, schools at colonies, small schools and others.
Thus, you should not react to publications stating that education in schools will be paid - there will be no paid school education in Russia! Universal free education is one of the guaranteed norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. On the other hand, to school education need to be more flexible in line with current trends.
With a deafening chorus, the parents are explained: the new law on autonomous educational institutions has been adopted for the benefit of children! Schools and students will only get better! The free part of the training will not be cut! In short, relax, citizens, and don't panic: the state has taken care of you ...
HOWEVER: The permission to turn a school into an "autonomous institution" in fact means a new stage of monetization. But not pension benefits, but a vital right - the right to education. By the way, doctors are also allowed to become AU, so get ready.
LIKE ON PAPER: A law on reforming the network of budgetary institutions of the Russian Federation has been adopted. From now on, all such institutions are divided into three groups: state, budgetary, autonomous. Orphanages and special schools fall into the "state" ones - the state intends to support them. The budget will pay for the execution of the state order. For schools, these are lessons in subjects listed in the state educational standard. But not in any volume, but in so many hours and at the level set by this very standard. The autonomous school will also be paid for the state order, but will be allowed to introduce additional lessons, subjects, courses. (Everything that is better, more difficult, more - only for the parents' money). The school will manage the received profit itself.
HOW IT WILL BE IN LIFE: In the fall they promise to adopt a new law “On State Standard Education ". That is, about a free minimum of training. What subjects and how much will the Russian government cut? Unknown. But it is well known that even today the school, by and large, does not provide enough knowledge to enter the university. Parents have to empty their pockets for tutors if a child is seriously aiming at college. And if these pockets are already empty? Dad is unemployed, mom's wages were cut due to the crisis, was the whole family robbed by yet another increase in utility bills? If they drop the existing level - and not only higher education, but also specialized secondary education will be called into question!
The new law does not bode well for teachers either. Under the current remuneration system, the school management will be able to spend on remuneration of themselves, loved ones and especially close persons. The state order will be paid according to the principle: a specific amount for each student's soul. Schools are already being asked to "compete to attract students." And this means: for the "non-competitiveness" of their educational institution, the bumps will be collected by the children studying in it (more or less decent teachers will run from there).
WHERE SUCH CONFIDENCE? The entire twenty-year education reform in Russia is the gradual destruction of the Soviet education system. This is a continuous decline in the quality of education. This is an increasingly sharp division of schoolchildren according to the main criterion: the thickness of the parental wallet.
The introduction of a unified state examination, the division of higher education into a bachelor's degree (equal to a technical school, but, so far, partially free) and a master's degree (paid specialization), new system teachers' salaries, an increase in the number of "paid places" in universities, and now the law on autonomous institutions are the links of one chain. The rulers are not afraid of the closure of schools, the growth of illiteracy, the degradation of science and other inevitable consequences.
WHY? Because the development of education was the most important task in a socialist state, in the USSR. Capitalist Russia is up to the lantern. This is unprofitable - it does not provide direct profit, but costs are huge. The market does not need broadly educated, well-rounded developed people - he needs narrow specialists. And it is much easier to produce them! When such a “special” no longer fits into the new market requirements, he is thrown into the landfill of life. Cheap and cheerful. At the same time, an educated, thinking person will quickly figure out where the legs grow from burning social problems. Or, to put it simply, those who do not know how to think are easier to manage! They will not go to change the rotten system.
CHOOSE FIGHT! We are being pushed into the ranks of the "third world" countries, because in the "developed West", in Europe, there is a noticeable movement in the other direction. The sphere of free higher education is expanding there, the budget expenditures on education are several times higher than in Russia. But there society, first of all - young people - constantly and fiercely FIGHT with their state, FORCING to make education publicly available.
We had rallies and even road closures at the beginning of the monetization of pensioner and disability benefits. Then the communists called on healthy, young, working people: “Support the struggle of your old people, the struggle of disabled people, those with many children! Let me rob them without a murmur - you will be the next! " But ... the citizens decided that these were strangers' problems (every man for himself!). They kept silent and sat out. The result is evident, and, unfortunately, it is not the end. There is still something to select!
The bourgeois power has adopted so many predatory, slaughter and cannibalistic laws that you get tired of fighting each one individually. The communists are sure: we must protest at the next plans to curtail the rights and empty the pockets of the working people.
But it is even more important to understand that the capitalist system of property and power cannot be improved. Victories in the economic struggle are only temporary and do not solve the problems of the working people. At the first opportunity the bourgeois power will reduce all its concessions to nothing.
The working people need their own state (Soviet), their own system (socialism). This can be achieved by an organized struggle, under the leadership of your workers' communist party, armed with the theory of Marx-Lenin-Stalin. One should not believe the bourgeois propaganda that all this is "utopia". Gentlemen are lying, investing large sums of money in lies, because they understand that the working people, who understand how to change the existing situation, will sweep the bourgeois system off the face of the earth.
The State Duma approved in the third reading the law reforming budgetary institutions, including educational ones. Some public schools will be able to legally offer paid lessons.
Under the new law, all institutions will be divided into three large groups - state, budgetary and autonomous. What is the difference between them? For state officials, all cost items will be very clearly spelled out, up to the amounts of utilities, transport costs and the purchase of stationery. Money for them will, as now, be transferred through the treasury and strictly at a certain time. Most likely, this status will be given to orphanages, special schools, schools attached to colonies, small schools.
Budgetary organizations will be allocated money not with a clear breakdown of expenditure lines, but in the form of subsidies. What is important - again through the Treasury. Little things will not be discussed. The school director or the university rector has the right to independently decide how much to spend on repairs, and how much, for example, on organizing a holiday and publishing a booklet. As before, schools that will remain in "budgetary" status will be able to offer services for paid circles and additional classes, although there will be some reservations regarding the rights to dispose of profits for them. Apparently, there will be a majority of these among Russian schools.
The strongest, most competitive organizations with the greatest financial freedom will become autonomous. They will be allowed not only to provide paid services, attract investments, but also spend income solely at their own discretion.
Autonomous educational organizations in the regions already. This form was chosen by several institutes for advanced training. Received autonomous status nine federal universities... There are already such schools, - says Irina Abankina, director of the Institute for the Development of Education at the Higher School of Economics-State University.
The salary of teachers in an autonomous school can be significantly higher than in a budgetary or state-owned one. If the statutory documents of the school say that a teacher's salary directly depends, for example, on the number of Olympiad winners in the class, then the director can pay such a teacher even 10 salaries.
Another difference between an autonomous organization is that its money is not kept in the treasury, but in a commercial bank. And if it suddenly bursts, then the school may be in big trouble. The autonomous organization will have to publicly report income and expenses, make its budget public, and make all its financial statements transparent.
Many parents are already expressing fears - will the new law lead to the fact that autonomous schools will become paid? This is not true. The quality of education provided by schools within the framework of the state standard will not be affected in any way by the organizational form of the educational institution.
All compulsory subjects, including mathematics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, biology, history, foreign language, geography, Russian, literature, physical education, computer science, will be free for students. But only to the extent provided by the standard, - Irina Abankina comments. - For example, in a school that has become autonomous, three foreign language... One for children will be free, and for the lessons of the second and third will be offered to pay.
Many experts believe that, unfortunately, the new law will complicate the life of non-state schools and universities. They are already deprived of access to budget funds, although in fact they fulfill the state's order for educational services. And with the increase in opportunities for public schools, some of the students may lose. Although, if they are paid from the local budget for the cost of services according to the standard - for compulsory disciplines, they will have a chance to survive. But so far, private schools in 4-5 regions, including Moscow and the region, receive small compensation.
Who will decide which schools and universities will be state-owned, and which will be budgetary or autonomous? The list of state officials will be prepared by the Ministry of Education and Science and local authorities. Nobody will ask the opinion of the public here. But in order to move to the status of an autonomous organization, you will need not only the consent of the founder, but also general meeting collective. The school or university will have to rewrite the charter, put in order documentation, including property, and pay off all debts - wages and utilities.
Andrey Fursenko, Minister of Education and Science:
There are several fears in society now in connection with the law on budgetary organizations. Parents are worried - will they have to pay for education? I can say with confidence: no. And those who nevertheless pay for some services of the school will pay less. And only for what goes beyond the standard.
There is some deceit in public discussion of this law. The pedagogical and parental communities argue: what kind of schools can become - budgetary or state-owned? I am sure that the majority will become budgetary, since the status of a state institution takes away such attractive freedoms as the ability to manage funds outside the budget and leave unspent budget funds for the next year.
What will be the status of the school - the founder decides. The Ministry recommends making a decision only after consulting the school staff. New law will significantly expand the capabilities of parental councils that will be able to monitor the strict implementation of standards.