In honor of the day the GRU intelligence was created, I continue to write about the GRU special forces. ... - Alexander - LiveJournal. The first large-scale competition in the history of the National Guard took place in the Smolensk region 370 special forces

Special Purpose Stamps These stamps are not known to a wide circle of philatelists, but at one time their collection was widely developed. We are talking about stamps of the control collection for foreign philatelic exchange, issued in 1922-33. On the stamps of the RSFSR (No. 1,

Special-purpose caravan In the second half of the 18th century, none of the highest dignitaries Russian Empire did not make grandiose plans to induce the rulers of Khiva and Bukhara to become citizens, so that, using their obedience, he could blast those who were subject only to the Russians.

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(16th obrspn ) - military formation of the USSR Armed Forces and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Part formation

On July 19, 1962, a directive was issued General Staff USSR Armed Forces No. 140547 on the formation of the 16th separate special-purpose brigade (16th brigade) as part of the Moscow district.

The location of the brigade was the former military town of the 269th separate helicopter regiment, located near the settlement. Chuchkovo Ryazan region.

The day of the unit was announced on January 1, 1963. 16th separate special purpose brigade received a symbol military unit 54607 (military unit 54607) .

Formation and development of the brigade

Like all special-purpose brigades created in the early 60s (with the exception of the 3rd brigade), 16th obrspn was a cropped formation, in which, according to the states of peacetime, the personnel was 300-350 people. According to the plans of the military command during the introduction of martial law, due to the mobilization of reserve military personnel and the conduct of 30-day training sessions, 16th obrspn developed into a full-fledged combat-ready formation with a personnel of 1,700 people.

According to the state of peacetime, the 16th brigade consisted of the following units:

• Brigade management;
• detachment of special radio communications;
• 2 special forces;
• 3 separate special forces (personnel);
• a company of economic support.

On April 29, 1969, by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the brigade was awarded the Battle Banner.

From August 15 to September 3, 1972, the brigade's personnel were involved in extinguishing fires in the territory of the Central Black Earth Region. As a result of participation, 158 people were awarded the medal "For Courage in a Fire", more than 200 received letters of thanks.

In 1977, the brigade was entered in the book of honor of the Moscow Military District.

In 1976, 1977, 1982, 1985, 1986 she was awarded the Challenge Banner of the Military District Council.

This 370th detachment was created to participate in the so-called complex military activities. The "Veil" border zone as part of the 22nd brigade stationed in southern Afghanistan.

During its stay in Afghanistan, the 370th oospn lost 39 people killed. According to other sources, 47 were killed.

On August 11, 1988, the 370th oospn was withdrawn from the territory of Afghanistan and by August 30 arrived in the settlement. Chuchkovo, back to the 16th brigade.

Composition of the brigade for 1989

The composition of the 14th separate special-purpose brigade at the end of the 80s (all units and units of the brigade were stationed in Chuchkovo settlement):

• Brigade management (military unit 54607) - n.p. Chuchkovo and its units:

• detachment of special radio communications;
• mining company;
• commandant platoon.

• 664th separate special forces unit;

Formation in the Armed Forces of Russia

In 1993, 1994, 1996, the reconnaissance group from the 16th brigade in the competition for the championship of the Armed Forces Russian Federation in tactical and special training took the first places, in connection with which the challenge cup was forever left in the brigade.

In 1996 and 1997, the reconnaissance group from the 16th brigade took part in international competitions in Slovakia.

In 1994, a reconnaissance group from the 16th brigade performed demonstration exercises in Jordan.

The brigade was visited by foreign delegations from Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Syria, Algeria, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and the United States.

The composite company formed in the 14th brigade between October 2001 and May 2002 was involved in peacekeeping operations in Kosovo.

By the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.990-C dated August 28, 2003, the 16th brigade was relocated from the settlement. Chuchkovo (Ryazan region) in Tambov, in the military town of the disbanded Tambov Higher Military Command Red Banner School of Chemical Defense.

In June 2005, at the international competitions of special purpose reconnaissance groups held in Belarus, the group from the 16th brigade took 3rd place and 1st place in cross-country cross-country.

In July 2005, at the competitions of the special forces of the Main Directorate of the General Staff for the championship for the championship of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the group from the brigade took 4th place.

In July 2007 and August 2009, on the basis of the brigade, competitions of special-purpose groups for the championship of the RF Armed Forces were held.

On September 13, 2009, a fire broke out at the headquarters of the 16th brigade, as a result of which 5 servicemen died.

On May 9, 2011, the combined battalion of the 16th brigade took part in the Victory Parade on Red Square in Moscow.

In 2012, the military equipment of the 16th brigade marched in parade formation on Palace Square in St. Petersburg.

In September-October 2012, units of the 16th brigade took part in the Caucasus-2012 exercise, which took place in Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria and Ingushetia.

The composition of the brigade for 2010

For 2010, the composition of the 16th separate special purpose brigade included in the Western Military District was as follows (all units and units are deployed in Tambov except for the 664th oospn):

• Management of the brigade (military unit 54607) and divisions under management;

• detachment of special radio communications;
• mining company;
• a logistics company;
• commandant platoon.

• 370th separate special forces unit;
• 664th separate special-purpose detachment (military unit 62688) - the village of Protasovo, Rzhaksinsky district, Tambov region;
• 379th separate special forces unit;
• 585th separate special forces unit;
• 669th separate special forces unit.

Participation of the 16th Special Forces Brigade in hostilities

Civil war in Tajikistan

In 1992, in connection with the aggravation of the situation in Tajikistan, which turned into a civil war, the framed 201st motorized rifle division (201st mechanized infantry division) of the RF Armed Forces stationed in the republic finds itself in a difficult situation. There was an acute shortage of personnel in almost all parts of the compound. For example, in the 191st motorized rifle regiment there were only 180 people, which was insufficient to protect and defend the military equipment of the regiment from the formations of the Islamic opposition, in the context of the actual siege of military towns.

The first special forces formations to come to the aid of the units of the Russian 201st mechanized infantry division were units from the 15th separate special forces brigade of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan, which moved forward in August 1992. As a result of pressure from the leadership of Uzbekistan on the Russian authorities, with the demand for an early intervention in the internal Tajik conflict, the leadership of the RF Armed Forces decided to reinforce the units of the 201st mechanized infantry division with units of the 3rd separate guards and 16th separate special-purpose brigades.

In the period from September 28 to November 30, 1992, the 370th oospn and 669th oospn of the 16th brigade, with a total number of 402 people, carried out the protection and defense of strategically important military and state facilities on the territory of Tajikistan

First Chechen war

In early January 1995, on the basis of the 16th brigade, a consolidated detachment was created to conduct military operations in Chechnya. The basis for the creation of the detachment was 370th Special Forces (370th oospn) whose commander was appointed Sergeev E.G.

On the morning of January 24, 1995, by order of the commander of the grouping of forces, the 370th oospn ensured the advance of the marine battalion in Chernorechye (Grozny region). In this case, the detachment lost two servicemen killed. In the evening of the same day, the detachment returned to the temporary base in the building of the former school on the outskirts of Grozny. At 20:45, a powerful explosion occurred as a result of which the school building was completely destroyed. The explosion killed all 35 troops of the detachment who were inside the building. There was no official investigation into the tragedy. According to the survivors, there were three versions of what happened:

• explosion of a stock of explosives brought by a detachment that was in the building;
• preliminary mining by militants of the school building before the arrival of federal troops;
• accidental hit of an artillery shell fired by federal troops into the school building.

In connection with this incident, every year on January 24 in the 16th separate special forces brigade, it is noted as Day of Remembrance.

On May 2, 1995, the detachment was withdrawn from the territory of Chechnya and was returned to the point of permanent deployment.

During the hostilities, the 370th oospn lost 48 people killed, according to others, 50 people,

Second Chechen war

In connection with the complication of the situation in the summer of 1999 in Dagestan, the leadership of the RF Armed Forces began to strengthen the grouping of troops in this region.

In early August 1999, in the 16th brigade, now on the basis of the 664th detachment, a consolidated detachment was created to be sent to Dagestan to fight the Islamist groups that invaded from the territory of Chechnya.

On August 14, 1999, the 664th oospn in the number of 250 people was introduced to the temporary operational group of forces in the North Caucasus.

On January 1, 2000, the 664th oospn operated in the vicinity of the settlement. Starye Atagi south of Grozny.

By the summer of 2000, the detachment was stationed in the settlement. Urus-Martan and operated together with the 245th motorized rifle regiment.

In January 2001, the detachment operated in the vicinity of the village of Goity, on the Sunzhensky and Nadterechny ridge. By the summer of 2001, the detachment was operating in the vicinity of the settlement. Alkhan-Kala. In September and October of the same year, the detachment operated in the area of \u200b\u200bShali, Avtury and Kurchaloy.

In May 2003, the 664th detachment took part in the destruction of bandit formations on the territory of Ingushetia.

As part of a permanent periodic replacement of military personnel, the 664th detachment was in the North Caucasus until September 26, 2006, after which the detachment was returned to a new point of permanent deployment in Tambov.

In total, the 16th separate special task brigade lost 51 people in the second Chechen war.

Russian-Georgian war

In August 2008, units of the 16th brigade participated in the seizure and destruction of the supply bases of Georgian troops on the territory of Abkhazia.

Heroes of the Connection

The next soldier of the 16th separate special purpose brigade who died during the second chechen war, awarded the title Hero of Russia (posthumously):

Tuchin Alexey Ivanovich - Major, Deputy Commander of the 664th Separate Special Purpose Detachment. The title was awarded on September 14, 2000 (posthumously).

Rodin Alexey Vasilyevich - senior lieutenant, group commander of the 664th separate special-purpose detachment. The title was awarded on April 7, 2001 (posthumously).

Elistratov Dmitry Viktorovich -

39 people, 186th ooSpN - 38 people killed)

The history of the creation of the brigade:

In 1976, the Central Asian Military District was divided into Turkestan and Central Asian.

The 15th separate special-purpose brigade was transferred to the subordination of TurkVO.

To form the front-line reconnaissance kit SAVO, the directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces ordered the formation of the 22nd separate special-purpose brigade before August 1, 1976. The place of formation and subsequent deployment was the city of Kapchagai of the Kazakh SSR, a military town of a separate anti-aircraft missile regiment.

To form the 22nd separate special-purpose brigade, one special-purpose detachment and part of a special radio communications detachment were transferred from the 15th separate special-purpose brigade.

By July 24, 1976, the 22nd separate special-purpose brigade was formed in the city of Kapchagai, Kazakh SSR. This was reported to the commander of the SAVO troops and the GRU.

From the first days of the creation of the unit, the best traditions of our Armed Forces were maintained and instilled in it, which were further supported and developed throughout the history of the unit. Thanks to high level combat training and the effectiveness of the tasks being solved, the unit was repeatedly awarded and noted for the better by the Government of the USSR and the command of the country's Armed Forces.

On October 30, 1980, for high levels of combat readiness, the formation was awarded the Challenge Banner.

In 1983, individual units of the brigade were in Cuba.

On the night of March 15, 1985, a column of the 22nd special brigade crossed the Soviet-Afghan border in the Kushka area and marched towards Shindand.

The brigade was subordinated to:

173rd ooSpN (Kandahar city);

186th ooSpN (Shahdzhoy);

370th ooSpN (Lashkargakh).

The 411th ooSpN (Farahrud town) was formed on the spot.

The brigade received an area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of 1,100 km along the front and 250 km in depth towards Pakistan. As a reinforcement, 32 Mi-24 combat helicopters and 32 Mi-8 transport helicopters were attached to it. Parts of the brigade began fighting in April 1985, standing in the way of caravans with weapons and drugs coming from Pakistan and Iran.

The 173rd ooSpN has been in Afghanistan since 1984. It was formed on the basis of the 12th special brigade in the city of Lagodekhi, Georgian SSR.

By August 15, the 173rd ooSpN was the last to leave the "South" zone, covering parts of the 40th Army that were leaving for the USSR through Kushka.

The 186th ooSpN was formed in the winter of 1985 in the town of Izyaslav of the PrikVO on the basis of the 8th ooSpN. To recruit the detachment, officers and soldiers from the 10th brigade, the 2nd brigade, and the 4th brigade were involved. In April 1985, the detachment entered Afghanistan and under its own power through Puli-Khumri, Salang, Kabul, Ghazni arrived in Sharjah. On April 27, 1985, the 186th ooSpN arrived in the 40th army and was included in the 22nd ooSpN.

By June 1, 1988, the detachment was withdrawn to the territory of the USSR. On June 22, 1988, the detachment became part of the 8th separate special-purpose brigade of the Carpathian military district.

The 411th ooSpN was formed as part of the 22nd ooSpN in Shindand.

The officers and soldiers included in its composition had combat experience.

For all positions of commanders of companies, groups, squads, people from the units of the 22nd special brigade operating in Afghanistan at that time arrived. All other positions were occupied by officers, warrant officers and personnel from parts of the 5th Guards Motorized Rifle Division, stationed in Shindand.

In the last days of December 1985, the entire detachment on military equipment made a 100-kilometer march to the point of permanent deployment in the city of Farahrud, where it met the new year 1986.

In 1980, on the basis of the 16th separate special-purpose brigade of the Moscow military district in the village of Chuchkovo, Ryazan region, the 370th separate special-purpose detachment was formed to enter Afghanistan.

From the fall of 1984 to 1988, he fought in Afghanistan. The 370th Special Forces was part of the 22nd Special Forces and was deployed in the city of Lashkargah (Helmand province).

The detachment's area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility is the Registan and Dashti-Margo desert.

During this period, 47 officers, warrant officers, sergeants and soldiers were killed in the detachment.

In 1988, the 370th special brigade was expelled from the brigade and returned to the 16th special brigade. By August 15, the 370th ooSpN was withdrawn to the territory of the USSR and became part of the 16th separate special-purpose brigade of the Moscow Military District.

In total, the brigade lost 191 people in Afghanistan, killing more than 5,000 dushmans.

Special Forces in Afghanistan

The "Muslim Battalion" begins to operate

On July 5, 1979, a group of state security officers from the KUOS (Officer Improvement Courses) with special reconnaissance and sabotage training was sent to Kabul. At the head of the group, which received the name "Zenith", was the head of the KUOS Colonel G.I. Boyarinov. In the same month, a battalion from the 345th separate parachute regiment was transferred from Fergana to Bagram, according to an official agreement between Moscow and Kabul. According to legend, paratroopers were supposed to be engaged in the reconstruction and protection of the Afghan air base. At the end of September, a group of senior officers of the airborne forces, headed by Deputy Commander of the Airborne Forces Lieutenant General N.N., flew to Afghanistan under the guise of civilian specialists. Guskov.

In early November 1979, at the request of Amin to strengthen his security by Soviet servicemen, the "Muslim battalion", the 154th separate detachment of the GRU special forces, arrived in Kabul. It was formed in the summer of 1979 in the 15th separate special-purpose brigade of the Turkestan Military District under the leadership of a senior GRU officer, Lieutenant Colonel V.V. Kolesnik. The personnel of the battalion consisted of 538 people, it was armed with military equipment: 50 infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, several self-propelled anti-aircraft installations - ZSU-23-4 "Shilka", jet infantry flamethrowers "Lynx", etc. The detachment consisted of four companies. It also included separate communications platoons, ZSU "Shilka", automotive and software. Such weapons and such a staff were not previously in the special forces. Served in the detachment, including officers, exclusively the indigenous people of Central Asia - Uzbeks, Turkmen and Tajiks. Almost all of them spoke Farsi, one of the main languages \u200b\u200bin Afghanistan. They were provided with the uniform of the Afghan army, since it was assumed that they, dressed in the uniform of the Afghan army, would guard the Afghan leader Taraki (this happened before his overthrow and assassination by order of Amin in September 1979). The detachment was commanded by Major Kh.T. Halabaev, an experienced officer, Uzbek by nationality, who served in the 15th brigade as deputy commander of one of the special forces detachments for airborne training. In order to lead the battalion, he was specially recalled from the "Shot" officer courses.

As the most prepared, the GRU special forces and the Zenit and Thunder KGB groups were given the task of storming Amin's palace in Kabul. Before the operation, they were reinforced with two companies of the Airborne Forces. They were opposed by three motorized infantry and one tank battalion of the Afghan guard brigade numbering about 2.5 thousand people. The ratio of forces was 1: 4 in favor of Amin's guard.

The operation began at 19:30 on the signal "Storm-333" transmitted by radio, with an explosion at the central telegraph, which destroyed all cable lines, including international ones, leaving Kabul without communication. The main hotbeds of hostilities were Amin's palace, a complex of buildings for the general staff, radio and television buildings in Kabul, the headquarters of the army corps, a prison in Puli-Charkhi, and an anti-aircraft and aviation garrison in Bagram.

The operation to seize Amin's palace was led by Colonel of the KGB G.I. Boyarinov. Subordinate to him were special groups "Zenith" and "Thunder" with a total number of 52 people, the 9th company of paratroopers, the "Muslim battalion" of Major Kh.T. Halabaev. The 4 battalions of the palace guard and Amin's personal guard - about 1.5 thousand mujahideen - opposed the Soviet units. During the storming of the palace, 12 people died, among them the "Zenith" G.I. Boyarinov and B. Suvorov, four paratroopers and six commandos from the "Muslim battalion", 38 people were injured. The operation, by the standards of professionals, was carried out unique - short-lived, daring, well-planned, without the involvement of a large number of manpower and military equipment.

According to the future commander of the “Muslim Battalion” (1984-1986) Alexei Dementyev, “the main burden of fighting during the assault on the palace fell on the shoulders of the soldiers and officers of the 154th separate special-purpose detachment. Yes, there were KGB officers as part of the detachment, but their role was to coordinate the actions of the detachment's units, in the need to arrest President Amin, his family members and associates. "

On January 2, the "Muslim battalion" was withdrawn to Tashkent. But not for long. After completing it in the same 1980, he was again sent to Afghanistan.

Participation in hostilities

On initial stage combat operations in the 40th Soviet army from the special forces were intelligence units Airborne Forces. However, experience showed that they, like the army as a whole, were not ready for an anti-partisan war, and in the fall of 1980, the special forces of the 40th Army began to strengthen. One of the main tasks was the search for and destruction of the dushman caravans that delivered weapons and military equipment from neighboring states. For this purpose, various combat units were used, but the main role was assigned to the special forces of the GRU.

Back in December 1979, in Chirchik (Uzbekistan), the 469th separate special-purpose company was formed. She arrived in Afghanistan in February 1980. Until the spring of 1984, the company led fighting alone, from time to time, she was involved in performing individual tasks. The company was in Kabul until August 15, 1988.

At the end of 1981, the 154th (1st battalion, formerly "Muslim") and 177th (2nd battalion) separate special forces were transferred to the northern provinces of Afghanistan. For camouflage purposes, they were called "separate motorized rifle battalions" - 1st and 2nd. Detachment 154 was stationed in Akcha in northern Afghanistan, and in August 1982 was transferred to Aybak in the neighboring province of Samangan. Its first commander in Afghanistan was Major I.Yu. Stoderevskikh. The 177th detachment was formed in February 1980 from the scouts of the Chuchkov 16th Special Forces Brigade (MVO) and the Kapchagai 22nd Brigade (SAVO), commanded by Lieutenant Colonel B.T. Kerimbayev. The detachment crossed the border in September 1981, and a week later entered the battle.

By the beginning of 1985, new units were introduced to Afghanistan - the 173, 688, 334, 370 and 186 separate special forces (oo SPN), which arrived from Ukraine, from the Belarusian, Moscow and Carpathian military districts. One detachment, the 411th Special Operations Forces, was formed on the spot, in Farah. The total number of the detachments was more than 4 thousand people; they were armed with 96 BMP-2, 256 BTR-70/80, 32ZSU-23-4 "Shilka", etc. Then the staffs, structure and weapons of the units were changed; heavy weapons were removed from them. Until 1984, the detachments were mainly engaged in the protection of pipelines and mountain passes, which, although it was an important task, did not correspond to their combat mission. But when the mujahideen began to receive regular and ever-increasing assistance from Iran and Pakistan, the Soviet command decided to more actively use special forces in Afghanistan.

The detachments were divided into two brigades - the 15th and 22nd special forces, with headquarters in Jalalabad and Lashkargakh. The brigade consisted of four battalion detachments. Each had a strength of up to 500 people, in total in both brigades there were about 4,000 fighters. At the headquarters of the army, the general management of the special forces was carried out by the operational group "Ekran".

The main tasks of the special forces were:

exploration and additional exploration;

the destruction of formations of mujahideen and caravans;

opening and destruction of bases and warehouses;

capture of prisoners;

helicopter reconnaissance of caravan routes and inspection of caravans;

mining of caravan routes and the installation of reconnaissance and signaling equipment on them;

identification of areas of concentration of mujahideen, warehouses of weapons and ammunition, places of daytime caravans and guidance of aviation on them (with subsequent verification of the results of air strikes).

The combat capabilities of the special forces are evidenced by the fact that about 80 thousand ordinary soldiers were required to complete the tasks of closing the border, which the special-purpose brigades were dealing with.

In the publication “Afghanistan. Intelligence War "regarding the actions of special forces in Afghanistan, the following is said:

“The available data on the 186th detachment (was part of the 22nd separate SPN brigade. - Author's note) allow us to evaluate its combat work: by the end of 1985, in a little more than 200 days, its soldiers completed 202 combat exits and 45 departures for inspection. The actions of reconnaissance groups (200 exits) in ambushes were predominant, and only twice were the forces of the entire detachment involved in raids on Dushman bases. There were 36 effective ambushes (18%), in which 370 spooks, 34 cars and a lot of ammunition were destroyed, taking 15 prisoners and 98 weapons. The losses amounted to 12 killed, including two officers. "

And further: “The most efficient spetsnaz units in the entire 40th Army received the latest equipment and weapons, including special ones - communications, observation and signaling, silent shooting and explosive equipment. They were better equipped and supplied than others, albeit with allowance for the well-known sluggishness of the rear services. Until the very end of the war, the army did not receive modern mountain equipment and appropriate uniforms, the best was left to be desired by means of camouflage and heavy body armor. A few experimental samples of overalls, overalls, capes and equipment remained isolated. There were especially many complaints about medical supplies, unsuitable footwear and low-calorie food rations, which forced the supply to be adjusted at the expense of trophies, to buy and make the most necessary items of equipment on their own - backpacks, unloading vests, pouches and knapsacks. The battalion commander, Major I.V. Solonik characterized the equipment as follows: “Basically, all the soldiers and officers altered their equipment and uniforms, as they impeded movement and were inconvenient. Nobody went to ambushes in army shoes. In the mountains it was uncomfortable and heavy, and in its footsteps the enemy could easily determine the place of the ambush. " In the 177th (oo Special Forces of the 15th Special Forces Brigade. - Approx. Auth.) The personnel "dumped" money in order to order 200-300 sets of the necessary ammunition together with vacationers in the sewing cooperative. Boots, the same "bras", camouflage, sleeping bags and especially high-quality medicines, painkillers, blood substitutes, disposable syringes, tourniquets and tires were in great demand in the crushed caravans.

In the second half of the Afghan war, “typical equipment for 3-4 days of independent work was defined as follows: 2-3 sets of ammunition for personal weapons, 4 hand grenades, one RPG-18 grenade for two, two 200-g TNT bombs, 5 smoke bombs and 5 signal rocket cartridges, 4 mines for an 82-mm mortar (if you took it with you) or a drum with a tape for AGS-17, food supply for 3-5 days, 2-3 flasks of water or tea, a raincoat and a blanket. In winter and in the mountains, warm clothes, pea jackets and sleeping bags were added. Massive AGS-17, mortars and machine guns were dismantled into "lifting" parts of 15-20 kg. The general outfit of a fighter weighed, at best, and the “summer” version of 35-40 kg, and the most necessary. " Note that the image of a mighty two-meter tall paratrooper, so dear to the heart of a filmmaker, is nothing more than an artistic fiction: people of ordinary physique, but "special forces" trained, could withstand a combat exit with such a load.

The detachments worked in small groups of 7-10 people, who moved in armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles or Ural vehicles along caravan routes. They acted autonomously, relying only on their own strength. "Spetsnaz groups were sent to check intelligence, to seize weapons and prisoners, to detect parking lots, caravans, warehouses and gangs, installed reconnaissance and signal equipment and mined trails ..."

Later, the number of soldiers in groups and their tactics changed. “The group preparing for the exit numbered from 10 to 25 people and, in addition to the obligatory sniper, grenade launcher and signalman, could include grenade launchers from the AGS-17, an artillery spotter and aircraft controller, miners and flamethrowers from the chemical troops. The group was divided into capture, fire and cover links, the actions of which were coordinated and worked out in advance, clarifying the balance of forces and mutual support on the spot. The basis was three, the seniority in which was appointed not always by rank, but by experience. And a young officer could easily get subordinate to a knowledgeable sergeant. "

About how the special forces units acted, the former commander of the 22nd special forces brigade D.M. Gerasimov:

“The first combat exit took place sometime in late April 1985. Headed battle group Deputy Brigade Commander Mikhail Petrovich Masalitin. According to the information received, in the area north of Girishka there was a school for training grenade launchers. The battle turned out to be fierce. While crossing the ditch, an infantry fighting vehicle was knocked out (however, it was possible to pull it out), there were several wounded. But we inflicted significant damage on the enemy, destroying, according to intelligence, about 30 dushmans, the school actually ceased to exist.

Then we learned how to fight normally. Those who came to the brigade from other units had the hardest part. Since it was formed in haste, it was necessary to take both motorized riflemen and representatives of other military specialties. Naturally, they did not have the skills to act as part of special forces and were not psychologically prepared for the fact that several people were thrown out 100 kilometers from the place of deployment, around someone else's territory, enemies, and we had to fight them. But gradually we got used to it, especially since we planned all the hostilities very carefully. Before any exit, the groups made mock-ups of the terrain, on which they played out possible episodes, worked out options for actions together with helicopter pilots and other attached units. We studied the experience of reconnaissance of motorized rifle units.

The spooks also conducted reconnaissance against us, they even knew the range of operations of our helicopters, which at that time was 120 kilometers from the airfield. By order of the 40th Army Air Force Commander at that time, additional tanks were removed from the Mi-8, as they increased the likelihood of hitting helicopters. But then the Mi-8 was replaced by the Mi-8MT with an enlarged tank, where a polyurethane filler was provided, and the fuel was no longer poured through the hole. These helicopters were more powerful, had an improved anti-MANPADS system and could fly up to 180 km. The spooks knew this well too.

To confuse the Dushman leaders, the commander of the 6th battalion, Ivan Mikhailovich Krot, and I decided to send a reinforced armored group with tankers into the desert at a distance of 120 km from the permanent deployment site. The helicopters took off from the airfield, landed on a prepared site, refueled their tanks, and from there even went out to the Pakistani or Iranian border zone. So we managed to achieve very serious results: we destroyed four ammunition depots in open areas. At least according to reports, these warehouses burned for half a month. By order of Hekmatyar (the head of the armed Afghan opposition. - Author's note), who was in Pakistan at that time, 6 people were shot, whom he considered guilty of such large losses.

I remember one more episode when we took 14 tons of raw opium. When the inspection team flew out to inspect the desert, they saw that a convoy was coming. The helicopters made an approach, and the cars began to disperse in different directions. The helicopter pilots stopped them with fire, sat down and dropped the inspection teams. It turned out that all 8 cars were loaded to the stop with raw opium. They were taken to the unit, and when they reported the "find" to the Chief of Staff of the 40th Army, Major General Sergeev, he did not believe it. He sent an An-24 plane (by that time we had already built an unpaved runway), took samples and took them to Kabul. They checked, indeed, there was raw opium, and of very high quality. But they did not know what to do with it: the Soviet Union did not have factories for processing it for useful needs. We were ordered to destroy the drug. We carried it to the shore of Helmand, surrounded it with ramps, doused it with gasoline and set it on fire. Part of the unburned mass had to be pushed into the river with a tractor.

On one occasion, a search group from the 6th battalion captured two bags of money. As it turned out later, there were more than 2 million Afghans, which were intended for settlements with dushmans. They brought the bags to the unit, counted the money in the presence of the head of the special department, Lieutenant Colonel Pyotr Oleksenko. Then they transferred them to a field bank in Kandahar.

There are many episodes of hostilities. By that time, I had my own agents even on the territory of Pakistan, in particular, one Baloch, whom we were allowed to financially interest, worked very successfully for us. The condition was this: he gives us five caravans and takes the best car out of the last one. Everything in it becomes his property, with the exception of weapons and ammunition. And he very carefully approached the formation and escort of this last "convoy" from the territory of Pakistan. Once, when the caravan was leaving, he even helped in his arrest. Many other agents also worked because of material incentives.

The operation carried out by the 3rd Special Forces Battalion in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Arghandab Reservoir, where the American military adviser Thornson, who was walking with a large caravan from Pakistani territory, was very productive. We found him on a bloody trail: he crawled four hundred meters, trying to hide in a low rye. He was found with detailed records, including a description of the route along which they traveled. As it turned out later, they entered Kandahar, rising from south to north. They walked from the north, climbed south, and then descended to Kandahar. After that we were able to completely block the route.

The brigade was responsible for the success in capturing the first trophy Stinger. The command paid much attention to this task and promised to confer the title of Hero of the Soviet Union on whoever did it. The task was accomplished by the inspection group headed by the deputy commander of the 7th detachment, Major Sergeev. True, he received a much more modest award - the Order of the Red Star.

In the course of events, the brigade conducted not only reconnaissance and search operations, but also participated in large-scale hostilities. In particular, the 3rd battalion, together with the 70th motorized rifle brigade, took a powerful fortified area in the mountains. The operation was led by the Chief of Staff of the Turkestan Military District, Lieutenant General Gusev. There were huge caches of weapons in natural caves. Only one rockets were taken out of 1100 pieces. On the third day, the spooks began active hostilities, shelled the area, so they had to call an engineer-sapper company, which mined and blew everything up there. The base burned for almost a month. The damage to the dushmans was enormous. "

The special forces were no longer used as fighters in ordinary rifle units. Moreover, during the raid on the fortified area near Assadabad in March 1986, when the special forces suffered serious losses (8 dead, 2 missing and about 20 wounded), one of the reasons was the misuse of the special forces thrown to storm the fortified area. For this operation, the commander of the 15th Special Forces Brigade was removed from office, and such operations are prohibited.

At the end of 1985, each of the special forces brigades was assigned a separate helicopter squadron, which made it possible to solve many problems of interaction between pilots and saboteurs. Previously, the special forces were pretty much hampered by different subordination and the pilots' ignorance of the specifics of sabotage work. The squadrons were equipped with modern Mi-8MT and Mi-24 helicopters of the "V" (machine gun) and "P" (cannon) modifications. And soon an order was received to use only powerful helicopters with cannons in the armament of squadrons working with special forces. Helicopters were used to land ambushes. Usually, two Mi-8 helicopters went on a mission, so that in the event of a malfunction of one of them, the second helicopter could take people out. Flights were performed at minimum altitude, with maneuvers and false landings. Moreover, even the pilots did not always notice when the scouts left the car. From the air, helicopters with paratroopers were covered by the Mi-24, which had powerful weapons. When conducting serious battles, bomb support planes were called in if necessary. Helicopters were widely used for reconnaissance and interception.

Soon they began to be used in the inspection of caravans. “Having found a caravan or a car, they were stopped by warning fire from the air. Having flown around and looking around, the crew landed the helicopter nearby (the instructions specified a minimum distance of 800–1000 and no closer than 3000 m from the villages), where some of the landed scouts occupied a position, keeping the caravan at gunpoint and preparing to cover the inspection team moving towards the target. The helicopter was ordered to immediately lift into the air, keeping it nearby in readiness. The situation, as a rule, was determined immediately: if the caravaneers tried to scatter or shots sounded, their fate was decided by landing fire and an air strike. Packages with cargo and car bodies were checked with probes and mine detectors and, when they found something forbidden, they were taken aboard a helicopter or burned and blew up on the spot along with the cars. They immediately destroyed the pack transport and those who resisted.

In practice, the points of the instructions were not followed canonically, only outlining the safety framework. People with weapons or trying to hide were unambiguously recognized as enemies. At the same time, the matter was resolved even without landing, for which all "spetsnaz" Mi-8s were instructed to equip, in addition to machine guns, a pair of missile blocks. The landing was carried out closer than the indicated one, at 200-300 m, so that the rush to the caravan of the group hung with weapons would tire the soldiers less. If the behavior of the caravaneers did not inspire suspicion, the helicopter on the ground waited for their return, but without turning off the engines. "

The new method has proven to be effective. So, in the 186th detachment in 1986, the number of such inspections quadrupled, to 168. The following year, 238 were carried out.

Among the unfulfilled tasks was the order to capture at least one foreign military adviser alive.

The 22nd brigade was withdrawn from Afghanistan in August 1988. Units of the 15th brigade were the last to reach the Soviet-Afghan border, on February 15, 1989, in the rearguard of the 40th Army. After returning, the 15th brigade was withdrawn to the place of its former deployment in Chirchik.

Formations, units and subdivisions have lost more than 800 people in Afghanistan, 11 people are missing.

"The only Soviet troops that fought successfully were special forces" - this is how the Americans estimated combat activities our special forces in Afghanistan.

Spetsnaz units in Afghanistan

A separate spetsnaz detachment included:

squad management;

spetsnaz company, BMP-2, four groups;

special forces company, BTR-70/80, four groups;

mining company (in 1984-1985 - mining group);

support company, two platoons;

communication group;

anti-aircraft artillery group.

Staff structure of the special forces group

It included a group commander (captain) and three squads.

1st department:

squad leader - sergeant,

senior scout-machine gunner - corporal,

scout - private;

scout-orderly - private;

scout sniper - private;

senior driver (APC) / senior driver-mechanic (BMP) - corporal.

2nd department:

squad leader - sergeant;

scout-machine gunner - private;

scout - private;

scout-orderly - private;

3rd department:

squad leader - sergeant;

senior scout-machine gunner - corporal;

scout-machine gunner - private;

scout - private;

scout-orderly - private;

driver (APC) / driver-mechanic (BMP) - private.

Summary table of losses of special forces

Places and time of deployment of special forces (1981-1989)

Directorate of the 15th separate special forces brigade (1st separate motorized rifle brigade - "Jalalabad")

Location: Jalalabad, Nangarhar province.

Time in Afghanistan: March 1985 - May 1988.

Directorate of the 22nd Separate Special Forces Brigade (2nd Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade - "Kandahar")

154th separate spetsnaz detachment ("Jalalabad") (1st separate motorized rifle battalion)

In pursuance of the General Staff Directive No. 314/2/0061 of April 26, 1979, the commander of Turkvo No. 21/00755 of May 4, 1979 included a separate special forces detachment of 538 people in the staff of the 15th special forces unit. Directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces No. 4/372-NSh of October 21, 1981 - 154th ooSpN. The annual holiday was determined - April 26 by the Directive of the General Staff No. 314/2/0061.

Time in Afghanistan: November 1979 - May 1988.

Places of deployment: Bagram-Kabul, Akcha-Aybak, Jalalabad, Nangarhar province.

Commanders:

major Kholbaev H. T .;

major Kostenko;

major Stoderevsky I.Yu. (10.1981-10.1983);

major Oleksenko V.I. (10.1983–02.1984);

major Portnyagin V.P. (02.1984-10.1984);

captain, Major A.M. Dementyev (10.1984–08.1984);

captain Abzalimov R.K. (08.1985-10.1986);

major, Lieutenant Colonel V.P. Giluch (10.1986-11.1987);

major Vorobyov V.F. (11.1987–05.1988).

Unit structure:

detachment headquarters;

1st special-purpose company on BMP-1 (6 groups);

2nd special-purpose company on the BTR-60pb (6 groups);

3rd special-purpose company on the BTR-60pb (6 groups);

The 4th heavy weapons company consisted of an AGS-17 platoon, an RPO "Rys" platoon, and a sapper platoon;

communications platoon;

zSU platoon "Shilka" (4 "Shilki");

car platoon;

material support platoon.

177th separate special forces detachment ("gazni") (2nd separate motorized rifle battalion)

Formed in February 1980 from the troops of the SAVO and the Moscow Military District in the city of Kapchagai.

Place of deployment: Ghazni, since May 1988 - Kabul.

Time in Afghanistan: September 1981 - February 1989.

Commanders:

captain, major Kerimbaev B.T. (10.1981-10.1983);

lieutenant Colonel V.V. Kvachkov (10.1983–02.1984);

lieutenant Colonel V.A. Gryaznov (02.1984–05.1984);

captain Kastykpayev B.M. (05.1984-11.1984);

major V.V. Yudaev (11.1984–07.1985);

major A.M. Popovich (07.1985-10.1986);

major, Lieutenant Colonel A.A. Blazhko (10.1986–02.1989).

173rd separate special forces detachment (3rd separate motorized rifle battalion - "Kandahar")

Location: Kandahar.

Time in Afghanistan: February 1984 - August 1986.

Commanders:

major Rudykh G.L. (02.1984–08.1984);

captain A.V. Syulgin (08.1984-11.1984);

captain, major Mursalov T.Ya. (11.1984-03.1986);

captain, Major Bohan S.K. (03.1986–06.1987);

major, Lieutenant Colonel V.A. Goratenkov (06.1987–06.1988);

captain Breslavsky S.V. (06.1988–08.1988).

Squad structure in March 1980:

squad management;

separate communication group;

antiaircraft artillery group (four "Shilki");

1st reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);

2nd reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);

3rd reconnaissance landing company on BMD-1 (10 BMD-1);

4th company AGS-17 (three fire platoons, three squads each - 18 AGS-17, 10 BTR-70);

5th company of special weapons (RPO "Rys" flamethrower group, mining group on the BTR-70);

6th company - transport.

Each of the combat (1-3rd) companies, in addition to the commander, political officer, deputy for technical affairs, senior mechanic, gunner-operator of the BRM, foreman and clerk, included three special-purpose groups.

The group consisted of three squads, each of which consisted of a squad leader, a senior scout, a driver-mechanic, a gunner-operator, a sniper, a reconnaissance orderly and two machine gunners.

668th separate special forces detachment (4th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Barakinskiy")

The detachment was formed on August 21, 1984 in Kirovograd on the basis of the 9th special unit. September 15, 1984 transferred to the subordination of Turkwo and introduced to Afghanistan in n. the item of Kalagulay. In March 1985 he became a member of the 15th special unit in the village of Soufla. The battle banner was presented on March 28, 1987. Brought to the USSR on February 6, 1989.

Location: Souffla, Baraki County, Logar Province.

Time in Afghanistan: February 1985 - February 1989.

Commanders:

lieutenant Colonel Yurin I.S. (09.1984–08.1985);

lieutenant Colonel Ryzhik M.I. (08.1985-11.1985);

major Reznik E.A. (11.1985–08.1986);

major Udovichenko V.M. (08.1986–04.1987);

major A.V. Korchagin (04.1987–06.1988);

lieutenant Colonel V.A. Goratenkov (06.1988–02.1989).

334th separate special forces detachment (5th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Assadabad")

The detachment was formed from December 25, 1984 to January 8, 1985 in Maryina Gorka from the troops of the BVO, Far Eastern Military District, Lenvo, Prikvo, Savo; transferred to Turkvo on January 13, 1985. On March 11, 1985 transferred to the 40th Army.

Location: Asadabad, Kunar province.

Time spent in Afghanistan: February 1985 - May 1988.

Squad Leaders:

major Terentyev V.Ya. (03.1985–05.1985);

captain, major G.V. Bykov (05.1985–05.1987);

lieutenant Colonel Klochkov A.B. (05.1987-11.1987);

lieutenant Colonel V.P. Giluch (11.1987–05.1988).

370th separate special forces detachment (6th separate motorized rifle battalion - "lashkarevsky")

Location: Lashkargah, Helmand province.

Time in Afghanistan: February 1984 - August 1988.

Squad Leaders:

major Krot I.M. (03.1985–08.1986);

captain A.M. Fomin (08.1986–05.1987);

major V.V. Eremeev (05.1987–08.1988).

186th separate spetsnaz detachment (7th separate motorized rifle battalion - "shahjoyskiy")

Location: Shahjoy, Zabol province.

Time in Afghanistan: April 1985 - May 1988.

Squad Leaders:

lieutenant Colonel Fedorov K.K. (04.1985–05.1985);

captain, major Likhidchenko A.I. (05.1985-03.1986);

major, Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Nechitailo (03.1986–04.1988);

major, Lieutenant Colonel Borisov A.E. (04.1988–05.1988).

411th separate special forces detachment (8th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Farakh")

Location: Farah, Farah province.

Time spent in Afghanistan: December 1985 - August 1988.

Commanders:

captain Fomin A.G. (10.1985–08.1986);

major Krot I.M. (08.1986-12.1986);

major Yurchenko A.E. (12.1986–04.1987);

major Khudyakov A.N. (04.1987–08.1988).

459th separate spetsnaz company ("Kabul company")

She was stationed in Kabul.

Formed in December 1979 on the basis of a special forces training regiment in the city of Chirchik. Introduced to Afghanistan in February 1980.

During the hostilities, the personnel of the company took part in more than six hundred combat exits.

Withdrawn from Afghanistan in August 1988.

Biographies of the Heroes of the Soviet Union - participants in the war in Afghanistan

ARSENOV Valery Viktorovich

Private, senior scout - grenade launcher of the 173rd special forces detachment, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born June 24, 1966 in regional center Donetsk region of Ukraine, Donetsk city in a working class family.

From the fourth to the eighth grade he studied at a boarding school.

From 1982 to 1985 he studied at the Donetsk Construction Vocational School. After graduation, he worked as a fitter - assembler of metal structures at one of the factories in Donetsk.

Since October 1985 in the ranks Soviet army... He served in a limited contingent soviet troops in Afghanistan. Participated in 15 combat exits.

February 28, 1986, participating in a battle with superior forces enemy, 80 kilometers east of Kandahar, the senior reconnaissance grenade launcher, being seriously wounded, continued to fire. At the critical moment of the battle, the brave warrior at the cost of his life closed the company commander from enemy bullets and saved his life. He died on the battlefield from his wounds.

POROSHKO Yaroslav Pavlovich

Captain, company commander of the 22nd separate special forces brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born on October 4, 1957 in the village of Borshchevka, Lanovetsky district, Ternopil region of Ukraine in a working class family.

In 1974 he graduated from 10 classes, worked at an electrical repair plant.

Since 1976 - in the Soviet Army.

In 1981 he graduated from the Khmelnytsky Higher Military Artillery Command School.

From September 1981 to November 1983 he served in Afghanistan as commander of a mortar platoon and an airborne assault company.

After returning to the USSR, he served in one of the special forces formations.

In 1986, at a personal request, he was sent to Afghanistan.

On October 31, 1987, the group under his command departed to help the group of senior lieutenant Onishchuk O.P. As a result of the battle, 18 Mujahideen were killed. Scouts from the group Goroshko Ya.P. picked up the bodies of the dead scouts from the group Onischuk O.P. and under enemy fire they carried them to the place of evacuation.

In 1988 he became a student of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze, and after graduation continued his service as deputy commander of the 8th separate special forces brigade, stationed in the city of Izyaslav, Khmelnitsky region of Ukraine.

After the collapse of the USSR since 1992, Ya.P. Goroshko stood at the origins of the creation of military intelligence of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He served in the 1464th Special Forces Regiment of the Black Sea Fleet of Ukraine.

June 8, 1994 Major Ya.P. Goroshko died while testing new technology (drowned in the Dnieper).

ISLAMOV Yuri Verikovich

Junior Sergeant, soldier of the 22nd Special Forces Brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born on April 5, 1968 in the village of Arslanbob, Bazar-Korgon District, Osh Region, Kyrgyzstan, in the family of a forester.

After graduation primary school moved to the city of Talitsa, Sverdlovsk region, where in 1985 he graduated from 10 classes.

In 1986 he graduated from the 1st year of the Sverdlovsk Forestry Institute and completed a training course in the parachute section.

Since October 1986 in the Soviet Army.

Since May 1987, he served with a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan as a squad leader in one of the special forces units.

On October 31, 1987, the group of which he was located engaged in battle with superior enemy forces near the village of Duri in Zabol province, near the border with Pakistan. Voluntarily volunteered to cover the retreat of his comrades. During the battle he was wounded twice. Despite this, he continued to fight until the last bullet. He joined hand-to-hand combat with the enemy and blew himself up along with six Mujahideen.

KOLESNIK Vasily Vasilievich

Major General, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born on December 13, 1935 in the village of Slavyanskaya (now the city of Slavyansk-on-Kuban) of the Slavyansk region of the Krasnodar Territory in a family of employees - the chief agronomist and teacher (taught Russian language and literature). My father studied rice growing for more than five years in China and Korea. He spoke fluent Chinese and Korean. In 1934, after completing his studies abroad, he began to break the first checks for growing rice in the Kuban.

In 1939, my father was sent to work in Ukraine, in the Mirgorodsky district of the Poltava region, so that he would organize the cultivation of rice. Here the family was caught in the war Father and mother went to the partisan detachment, leaving four children in the arms of grandfather and grandmother.

On November 6, 1941, having come to the children’s village, the parents and another partisan were betrayed by the traitor and fell into the hands of the Germans. The next day they were shot in front of the children. Four children remained in the care of grandparents. The family survived during the occupation thanks to a grandmother who was well versed in folk medicine and treated the villagers. People paid for her services in products.

In 1943, when the Mirgorodsky district was liberated, two of Vasily's sisters were taken up by their mother's middle sister, and little Vasya and his brother were taken by the younger. The sister's husband was the deputy head of the Armavir flight school. In 1944 he was transferred to Maykop.

In 1945 he entered the Krasnodar Suvorovskoe military school (Maykop), and graduated from the Caucasian Suvorov Military School in 1953 (transferred to the city of Ordzhonikidze in 1947).

In 1956, after graduating from the Caucasian Red Banner Suvorov Officer School, he connected his fate with the special forces. He served as commander of the 1st (reconnaissance) platoon of the 92nd separate special forces company of the 25th army (Far Eastern Military District), company commander of the 27th separate special forces battalion in Poland (Northern Group of Forces).

In 1966, after graduating from the Academy. M.V. Frunze, successively held the posts of chief of the brigade's intelligence, chief of the operational-reconnaissance department and chief of staff of the brigade (Far Eastern Military District, Turkestan Military District).

Since 1975 - the commander of a special forces brigade, and subsequently served in the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR.

With the introduction of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops into Afghanistan in 1979, it was in the combat area. Formed and trained by him under a special program, a battalion with a staff of more than 500 people on December 27, 1979 took a direct part in the assault on Amin's palace. Despite the five-fold numerical superiority of the palace guard brigade, the battalion under the command of V.V. Kolesnika captured the palace in just 15 minutes. For the preparation and exemplary fulfillment of a special task - Operation Storm-333 - and for the courage and courage shown at the same time, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 28, 1980, he, one of the first "Afghans", was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd degree, medals, as well as the Order of the Red Banner and two medals of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He had 349 parachute jumps on his account.

In 1982 he graduated from the Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Under the leadership of V.V. Kolesnik consistently and purposefully improved the organizational structure and the system of combat training of military units and special-purpose formations.

In stock up to last days life was the chairman of the Council of Special Forces Veterans. Took an active part in the case patriotic education Suvorovites of the newly created North Caucasian Suvorov Military School in the city of Vladikavkaz.

KUZNETSOV Nikolay Anatolievich

Guard lieutenant, soldier of the 15th separate special forces brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born June 29, 1962 in the village of 1st Piterka, Morshansk District, Tambov Region. With a four-year-old sister after the death of their parents, they remained in the care of their grandmother.

In 1976 he entered the Leningrad Suvorov Military School.

In 1979 he graduated from the school with a certificate of commendation.

In 1983 he graduated from the Higher Combined Arms Command School. Kirov with a gold medal.

After graduating from college, Lieutenant N. Kuznetsov was sent to the airborne division in the city of Pskov as the commander of a special forces group. He has repeatedly asked to be sent to a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.

In 1984 he was sent to Afghanistan.

On April 23, 1985, a platoon of Lieutenant N.A. Kuznetsov received a task - as part of a company to reconnoiter the location and destroy a gang of mujahideen, who settled in one of the villages of the Kunar province.

In the course of fulfilling the assigned task, the platoon of Lieutenant Kuznetsov was cut off from the main forces of the company. A fight ensued. Having ordered the platoon to break through to its own, Lieutenant Kuznetsov N.A. together with the rear patrol, they remained to provide the withdrawal. Left alone with the dushmans, Lieutenant Kuznetsov N.A. fought to the last bullet. With the last, sixth grenade, letting the dushmans come closer, Lieutenant N. Kuznetsov blew them up with him.

MIROLYUBOV Yuri Nikolaevich

Private, driver of BMP-70 of the 667th separate special forces detachment of the 15th separate special forces brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union

Born on May 8, 1967 in the village of Ryadovichi, Shablykinsky District, Oryol Region, into a peasant family.

Graduated in 1984 high school in the village of Chistopolsky, Saratov region, worked as a driver at the state farm "Red Banner" Krasnopartizansky district.

In the Soviet Army since autumn 1985. He served with a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. He took part in many military operations; was wounded in one of the battles, but remained in the ranks, having successfully completed the combat mission.

During the execution of combat missions, he destroyed ten Mujahideen.

In one of the battles, risking his life, he carried out from under enemy fire the wounded chief of staff of one of the special forces units.

In one of the combat exits, he bypassed the enemy caravan and thereby cut off the escape route. During the ensuing battle, he replaced the wounded machine gunner, suppressed the resistance of the Mujahideen with fire.

In 1987 he was demobilized. He worked as a driver on a state farm. He lived in the village of Chistopolsky, Krasnopartizansky District, Saratov Region.

ONISCHUK Oleg Petrovich

Senior Lieutenant, Deputy Company Commander of the 22nd Special Forces Brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union.

Born on August 12, 1961 in the village of Putrintsy, Izyaslavsky District, Khmelnitsky Region, Ukraine, into a working class family.

Graduated from 10 classes.

Since 1978 - in the Soviet Army.

In 1982 he graduated from the Kiev Higher Combined Arms Command School named after M.V. Frunze.

Since April 1987 - in Afghanistan.

“Deputy company commander, candidate member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Senior Lieutenant Oleg Onishchuk, heading a reconnaissance group, successfully carrying out assignments to provide international assistance to the Republic of Afghanistan, showing courage and heroism, died a heroic death in battle on October 31, 1987 near the village of Duri in Zabol province, near the border with Pakistan ... ”- this is the official description of the cause of his death.

Everything in life was more complicated. Oleg Onischuk's group sat in ambush for several days - they were waiting for the caravan. Finally, in the late evening of October 30, 1987, three cars appeared. The first driver was eliminated by the group commander from a distance of 700 meters, the other two vehicles disappeared. The group of escort and cover of the caravan, which was trying to repulse the car, was dispersed with the help of two Mi-24 helicopters that had arrived. At half past five in the morning on October 31, in violation of the order of the command, Oleg Onischuk decided on his own, without waiting for the arrival of the helicopters with the inspection team, to inspect the truck. At six in the morning, he, along with part of the group, went to the truck and was attacked by more than two hundred mujahideen. According to the testimony of the special forces who survived that battle, the "inspection" group died within fifteen minutes. It is impossible to fight in an open area against an anti-aircraft gun and a large-caliber machine gun (we were in the village of Dari). According to the hero's colleagues, in that situation early in the morning the group had to take a fight, even if Onishchenko had not started inspecting the truck. More than two thousand Mujahideen were stationed in this area. Although the losses would have been much less. Their colleagues put the main blame for the deaths of the special forces on the command. By six in the morning the armored group was supposed to arrive and the helicopters were to arrive. The convoy with the equipment did not come at all, and the helicopters arrived only at 06:45.

On May 5, 1988, Oleg Onishchenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

Formations and military units of special forces (1955-1991)

By 1991, the special forces of the Armed Forces of the USSR included:

fourteen separate special-purpose brigades (arr of special forces), two separate training regiments, separate detachments (ooSpN, corresponding to a battalion in other branches of the military) and a company of special forces of ground forces;

one separate special-purpose brigade (special purpose brigade) and four naval reconnaissance points (MRP) of the Navy.

2nd separate special-purpose brigade of the Leningrad Military District (2nd artillery special forces LenVO)

The brigade was formed in the period from September 17, 1962 to March 1, 1963 in the Leningrad Military District. The brigade was of a cropped frame. She was stationed in the city of Pskov.

Unit commanders:

colonel A.N. Grishakov (1962-1966);

colonel I.V. Krekhovsky (1966-1974);

colonel O.M. Zharov (1974-1975);

colonel Yu. Golousenko (1975-1979);

colonel V.A. Nail (1979-1987);

colonel A.I. Bezruchko (1987-1989);

colonel A.A. Blazhko (from November 1997);

colonel G.K. Sidorov (1989-1997);

colonel A.A. Blazhko (since November 1997).

In February 1985, servicemen of the 2nd special unit were sent to recruit special forces units and the headquarters of the 186th separate special-purpose detachment (186th Special Forces), which was being prepared to be sent to Afghanistan.

In 1985-1989, the 177th Special Operations Regiment, formed in the 2nd Special Forces, as part of the 15th Special Forces, took part in the hostilities in Afghanistan. Dislocation - Ghazni. For the courage and valor shown in the performance of military duty in the Republic of Afghanistan, the 177th Special Forces was awarded the Honorary Badge of the Central Committee of the Komsomol "Military Valor" and the Honorary Red Banner of the PDPA.

In 1989, the 177th Special Operations Division of the 15th Special Operations Division, which was withdrawn from Afghanistan, became part of the 2nd special unit. He was stationed in the Murmansk region.

3rd Guards Warsaw-Berlin Red Banner Order of Suvorov 3rd Class Special Forces Brigade of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (after its liquidation - Volga-Ural Military District) (3rd Guards arr. Special Forces GSVG - 3rd Guards arr. Special Forces PRURVO)

The brigade was formed in 1966 in the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSVG).

The formation was formed on the basis of the 26th Special Forces battalion (26th separate special forces battalion) with the participation of personnel from the 27th Special Forces Special Forces, the 48th and 166th orbs (separate reconnaissance battalions) of the GSVG. The brigade began to form the guard lieutenant colonel R. P. Mosolov.

Unit commanders:

guard Colonel A.N. Grishakov (1966-1971);

guard colonel N.M. Yatchenko (1971-1975);

guard Colonel O.M. Zharov (1975-1978);

guard Colonel V.I. Bolshakov (1978-1983);

guard Colonel Yu.T. Starov (1983-1986);

guard Colonel V.A. Manchenko (1986-1988);

guard Colonel A.S. Ilyin (1988-1992);

guard Colonel A.A. Chernetsky (1992-1995);

guard Colonel V.A. Kozlov (since September 1995).

Connection Rewards:

order of the Red Banner;

order of Suvorov 3rd degree.

4th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Baltic Military District (4th arr of the Special Forces of the Baltic Military District)

The brigade was formed in 1962 in the Baltic Military District (PribVO). Initially stationed in Riga, then in the city of Viljandi, Estonian SSR.

Unit commanders:

colonel A.S. Zhizhin (1962-1968);

colonel N.M. Yatchenko (1968-1971);

colonel N.V. Boryakov (1971-1975);

colonel V.N. Tyukhov (1975-1984);

colonel A.Yu. Zavyalov (1984-1987);

colonel P.A. Davidyuk (1987-1992).

In February 1985, servicemen of the 4th special unit were sent to recruit spetsnaz units and the headquarters of the 186th separate special-purpose detachment (186th special unit), which was being prepared to be sent to Afghanistan.

In the early nineties, the brigade was taken to the territory of Russia.

In October 1992, the 4th special unit was disbanded.

5th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Belarusian Military District (5th Special Operations Brigade of the BVO)

The brigade was formed in 1962 in the Belarusian Military District (BVO). Was stationed in N. the village of Maryina Gorka, Byelorussian SSR.

Unit commanders:

colonel I.I. Kovalevsky (1962-1966);

colonel I.A. Kovalenko (1966-1968);

colonel G.P. Evtushenko (1969-1972);

colonel V.A. Kartashov (1973-1976);

colonel E.A. Faleev (1976-1979);

ladle G.A. Kolb (1979-1982);

colonel E.M. Ivanov (1982-1984);

colonel Yu.A. Sapalov (1984-1987);

colonel D.M. Gerasimov (1987-1988);

colonel V.V. Bearded (1988-1991).

In 1985, on the basis of the 5th special unit, the 334th separate special-purpose detachment (334th special unit) was formed. At the end of March 1985, the detachment was introduced to Afghanistan, where it organizationally became part of the 15th Special Forces Regiment and was deployed in Assadabad.

In 1988, the 334th Special Operations Division was withdrawn to the Soviet Union and returned to the 5th Special Operations Division.

At the beginning of the nineties of the last century, the 5th Special Forces regiment became part of the Armed Forces of Belarus.

6th naval reconnaissance point of the Black Sea Fleet (6th MRP Black Sea Fleet)

Created in June 1953 on the Black Sea. The acquisition was completed in October 1953.

MCI commanders:

captain 1st Rank E.V. Yakovlev (1953-1956);

captain 1st Rank A. Alekseev (1957-1968).

In 1968, the 6th MRP of the Black Sea Fleet was transformed into the 17th formation of the Special Forces of the Black Sea Fleet.

8th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Carpathian Military District (8th Special Forces of the PrikVO)

Unit commanders:

colonel P.S. Average;

colonel P.P. Belyatko;

colonel E.S. Ivanov;

colonel G.G. Lukyanets;

colonel A.N. Kovalev;

colonel L.L. Polyakov;

colonel A.P. Davydyuk;

colonel A.P. Predchuk;

colonel A.G. Shelikh.

In the period from January 22 to September 6, 1968, the brigade's personnel took part in Operation Danube (the entry of troops from the Warsaw Pact countries (USSR, Bulgaria, Hungary, the German Democratic Republic and Poland) into Czechoslovakia in 1968).

In February 1985, on the basis of the brigade, the 186th separate special-purpose detachment (186th Special Forces) was formed to participate in hostilities in Afghanistan. Three soldiers of the detachment were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 84 soldiers and officers were awarded orders and medals.

Was stationed in Izyaslavl.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, it became part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and was reduced to a regiment.

9th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Kiev Military District (9th Special Operations Brigade of the KVO)

In 1963, the Battle Banner was presented.

Unit commanders:

lieutenant colonel E.S. Egorov (1962-1966);

lieutenant Colonel V.A. Pavlov (1966-1968);

colonel V.I. Arkhireyev (1968-1971);

colonel A.M. Grishakov (1971-1976);

colonel A.A. Zabolotny (1976-1981);

colonel A.F. Chmutin (1981-1986);

colonel Yu.A. Voronov (1988-1994).

Was stationed in Kirovograd.

In 1984, a separate special forces unit was formed, which was sent to Afghanistan.

Squad Leaders:

lieutenant Colonel I.S. Yurin (September 1984 - April 1985);

lieutenant colonel M.I. Ryzhik (April 1985 - June 1986);

major E.A. Reznik (June 1986 - December 1986);

major V.N. Udovichenko (December 1986 - October 1987);

major A.I. Korchagin (October 1987 - June 1988);

lieutenant Colonel V.A. Garatenkov (June 1988 - February 1989).

In March 1996, the 9th Special Operations Brigade was renamed the 50th Special Training Center of the Main Intelligence Directorate of Ukraine.

10th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Odessa Military District (10th Special Purpose Brigade of the OdVO)

Formed in October 1962.

According to the order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 005 of April 23, 1963, the day of the unit was set - October 4, 1962.

Two of her detachments were in the city of Feodosia, and the rest of the units and the headquarters of the brigade were near the village of Pervomayskoye.

Unit commanders:

colonel A.M. Popov (1963-1965);

colonel N. Ya. Kochetkov (1965-1971);

lieutenant Colonel V.P. Tishkevich (1971-1973);

lieutenant colonel N.I. Eremenko (1973-1978);

colonel Yu.T. Starov (1978-1983);

colonel A.S. Ilyin (1983-1988);

colonel Yu.M. Rendel (1988-1992).

On October 11, 1991, the brigade became part of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. In June 1998, it was reorganized into the 1st separate special-purpose regiment.

12th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Transcaucasian Military District (12th Special Forces of the Transcaucasian Military District)

The brigade was formed in 1962 in the Transcaucasian Military District.

She was stationed in the city of Lagodekhi, Georgian SSR.

Unit commanders:

colonel I.I. Gelevera;

colonel N.E. Makarkin;

colonel V.Ya. Yarosh;

colonel A.I. Fisyuk;

lieutenant Colonel V.G. Miroshnikov;

colonel A.V. Novoselov;

colonel M.P. Masalitin;

colonel I.B. Murskov;

colonel V.V. Eremeev.

In January 1984, on the basis of the 12th special unit, the 173rd separate special-purpose detachment (173rd special unit) was formed. It had a staff structure similar to the 154th Special Operations Division ("Muslim Battalion"). Before being sent to Afghanistan, the detachment was replenished with brigade officers.

In February 1984, the 173rd Special Forces was introduced into Afghanistan, where it became part of the 22nd Special Forces.

In 1988-1991, three battalions of the 12th special unit participated in the restoration of constitutional order in Georgia (Tbilisi), Azerbaijan (Zakatala), on the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh and South Ossetia.

14th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Far Eastern Military District (14th Special Operations Brigade of the Far Eastern Military District)

The brigade was formed in 1963 in the Far Eastern Military District. She was stationed in the city of Ussuriysk, Primorsky Territory.

Unit commanders:

colonel P.N. Rymin (1963-1970);

colonel A.A. Drozdov (1970-1973);

colonel N.A. Demchenko (1973-1975);

colonel A.M. Baglai (1975-1978);

colonel V.F. Grishmanovsky (1978-1980);

colonel V.A. Onatsky (1980-1987);

colonel Ya.A. Kurys (1987-1992);

colonel A.I. Likhidchenko (1992-1997);

colonel A.M. Rumyankov (1997-1999);

major general S.P. Degtyarev (since 1999).

Connection Rewards:

commemorative Banner of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1967);

honorary Badge of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1972);

challenging Red Banner of the Far Eastern Military District (1975).

In the period 1979-1989, more than 200 servicemen of the brigade took part in hostilities in Afghanistan as part of separate special forces. In the Aafgan war, 12 officers, 36 sergeants and privates from the 14th special unit were killed.

In 1988, a group of the brigade's servicemen was sent to Alaska, where they held joint exercises with their American colleagues.

15th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Turkestan Military District (15th Special Forces of the TurkVO)

The brigade was formed in 1963 in the Turkestan military district.

It was stationed in the city of Chirchik, Uzbek SSR.

Unit commanders:

colonel N.N. Lutsev (1963-1967);

colonel R.P. Mosolov (1968-1975);

colonel V.V. Kolesnik (1975-1977);

colonel A.A. Ovcharov (1977-1980);

colonel A.M. Stekolnikov (1980-1984);

colonel V.M. Babushkin (1984-1986);

colonel Yu.T. Starov (1986-1990);

colonel V.V. Kvachkov (1990-1994);

colonel S.K. Zolotarev (1994).

The brigade and its subdivisions were repeatedly awarded with pennants of the USSR Ministry of Defense "For Courage and Military Valor", the honorary badge of the Komsomol Central Committee "Military Valor", the honorary banners of the Union republics and the Red Banner of the DRA government.

In the sixties and seventies of the last century, the personnel of the brigade were involved in performing tasks in emergency zones.

1966 - earthquake in Tashkent. The natural disaster occurred in the early morning of April 26, 1966. Over two million square meters were destroyed. m of living space, 236 office buildings, about 700 trade and public catering facilities, 26 utilities, 181 educational institutions, including schools for 8 thousand places, 36 cultural and welfare institutions, 185 medical and 245 industrial buildings. More than 78 thousand families, or over 300 thousand people, were left homeless. Eight deaths were registered and about 150 people were hospitalized. Participation of the brigade's servicemen: dismantling the rubble, fighting looters, protecting public order.

1970 - cholera epidemic in the Astrakhan region. Then the infection covered one percent of the region's population. The servicemen of the brigade took part in the quarantine measures - they prevented attempts of unauthorized entry and exit in the territory where this disease was rampant.

In September - October 1971, the 2nd separate detachment of the 15th special unit was carrying out an especially important government task in the outbreak of smallpox epidemic in the city of Aralsk, Kazakh SSR.

In May - June 1979, on the basis of the 15th special unit of the Special Forces, the "Muslim Battalion" was formed - a special task force of the GRU General Staff. The detachment consisted of a management, headquarters and four companies (total number - 520 people).

In December 1979, the "Muslim battalion" was brought into the territory of Afghanistan, where it took part in the operation "Storm-333" to overthrow the Amin regime.

In January 1980, the "Muslim battalion" was withdrawn back to TurkVO. Was included in the 15th special unit as the 154th separate special forces unit (154th special unit). But soon the detachment was replenished with personnel and re-entered into Afghanistan, where it controlled the entrance to the Panjshir gorge near the village of Rukha and guarded the pipeline.

In 1984, the 154th Special Operations Division was transferred to the city of Jalalabad and began to perform special tasks in its area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility.

In 1985, the headquarters of the 15th special unit was redeployed to the territory of Afghanistan. Organizationally, the brigade included the 177th, 334th and 668th special forces.

In August 1988, the brigade headquarters was withdrawn to the territory of the Soviet Union. The 177th and 668th Special Forces were transferred to Kabul, where they were until the final withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The 154th Special Operations Division remained in the brigade.

For courage and bravery shown in the Afghan war, more than four thousand servicemen of the brigade were awarded orders and medals. Colonel V. Kolesnik, Sergeant Y. Mirolyubov and Lieutenant N. Kuznetsov (posthumously) became Heroes of the Soviet Union.

In 1994, the brigade, as well as the 459th special forces unit (a separate special forces detachment was formed on its basis) and a special-purpose training regiment, which trained personnel for the warring units during the Afghan war, became part of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan.

16th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Moscow Military District (16th Special Operations Brigade of the Moscow Military District)

The brigade was formed in 1963 in the Moscow military district. Was stationed in N. Chuchkovo village, Moscow region.

Unit commanders:

colonel A.V. Shipka (1963-1967);

colonel G. Ya. Fadeev (1967-1971);

colonel E.F. Chuprakov (1971-1973);

colonel S.M. Tarasov (1973-1980);

colonel A.A. Ovcharov (1980-1985);

colonel A.A. Nedelko (1985-1989);

colonel A.M. Dementyev (1989-1991);

colonel E.V. Tishin (1992-1993);

colonel V.L. Korunov (1993);

colonel A.G. Fomin (1993-1997).

Connection Rewards:

certificate of honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (1972);

the Challenging Red Banner of the Moscow Military District (1984).

In the summer of 1972, subdivisions of the 16th special unit participated in the liquidation of severe forest fires in the Moscow, Vladimir, Ryazan and Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) regions of the RSFSR.

In December 1984, on the basis of the brigade, the 370th separate special-purpose detachment (370th oo Special Forces) was formed. In March 1985, the detachment was introduced to the territory of Afghanistan, where it organizationally became part of the 22nd special unit. In August 1988, the 370th Special Forces was withdrawn to the Soviet Union and returned to the 16th Special Forces.

17th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Black Sea Fleet (17th Special Forces of the Black Sea Fleet)

Military unit 34391 was formed from September to October 1953 in Sevastopol on the basis of the 6th sea reconnaissance point of the Black Sea Fleet (6th MRP of the Black Sea Fleet).

In March 1961, the unit was relocated to the Nikolaev region, the city of Ochakovo (Pervomaisky island).

In August 1968 it was reorganized into the 17th special unit of the General Staff of the Navy.

Unit commanders:

captain 1st rank Alekseev I.A. (1968-1972);

captain 2nd rank Popov B.A. (1973-1974);

captain 1st Rank V.I. Kryzhanovsky (1974-1977);

captain 1st Rank V.S. Kochetygov (1977-1983);

captain 1st rank Larin V.S. (1983-1988);

captain 1st rank Karpenko A.L. (1988-1998).

In January 1990, the 17th special unit was reorganized into the 1464th MRP of the special forces.

In April 1992 it became a member of the Ukrainian Navy.

During its existence as part of the USSR Navy, the servicemen of the formation participated in the implementation of special tasks:

Mediterranean Sea - 1967-1990;

Cuba - 1975;

Arab Republic of Egypt - 1975;

Novorossiysk ("Admiral Nakhimov") - 1986;

Tbilisi - 1991;

Poti - 1992.

22nd Guards Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Transcaucasian Military District (22nd Guards arr. Special Forces ZakVO) - 22nd Guards Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Central Asian Military District (22nd Guards arr. Special Forces SAVO)

The brigade was formed in 1976 in the Central Asian Military District (SAVO). She was stationed in the city of Kapchagai, Kazakh SSR.

Unit commanders:

colonel I.K. Frost (1976-1979);

colonel S.I. Gruzdev (1979-1983);

colonel D.M. Gerasimov (1983-1987);

lieutenant Colonel Yu.A. Sapalov (1987-1988);

colonel A.T. Gordeev (1988-1994).

colonel S.V. Breslavsky (1994-1995);

colonel A.M. Popovich (1995-1997).

Connection Rewards:

the Challenging Banner of the Military Council of the KSAVO (1980);

pennant of the USSR Ministry of Defense "For Courage and Military Valor" (1987).

In January 1980, on the basis of the 22nd special unit, the 177th separate special-purpose detachment (177th special unit) was formed. During the formation, the same principle was used as during the formation of the "Muslim Battalion". In October 1981, the detachment entered the DRA. Until 1984, the 177th Special Operations Division guarded the entrance to the Panjshir gorge in the area of the village of Rukha, and then organizationally became part of the 15th special unit.

In 1985, the headquarters of the 22nd special unit was brought into the territory of Afghanistan. Organizationally, the brigade included three separate special-purpose detachments: 173, 186, 370th oo special forces. The brigade's area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility was the south of Afghanistan. It was a hot destination not only in terms of geography. The most prepared and irreconcilable detachments of the Mujahideen fought here.

The brigade's management carried out direct control of the special forces detachments, organized the supply of all types of rations, interaction with the attached aviation, fire support and between the detachments in the zones of combat activity. Separate special forces detachments were the main combat units that were part of the special forces brigades, in which all the combat and political training of scouts was carried out and reconnaissance and combat work was organized.

At the end of 1985, on the basis of the 5th motorized rifle division, stationed in Shindand, the 411th Special Operations Division was formed. The city of Farahrud became his place of deployment. Captain A.G. was appointed to the post of detachment commander. Fomin, who was previously the chief of staff of the 186th Special Operations Division.

In early 1987, the brigade was assigned the 295th separate helicopter squadron. So, for the first time, special forces had their own aviation.

Detachments of the 22nd Separate Special Forces Brigade, called in Afghanistan in all guidance documents in order to maintain secrecy of the 2nd Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade (2nd Omsb Brigade), acted very effectively. They seized and destroyed weapons and ammunition delivered along caravan routes, smashed the base areas of the Mujahideen, equipped with the help of foreign advisers in accordance with all the rules of fortification. Detachments of the 22nd Brigade captured and destroyed a number of advisers from France, Germany and the United States. They were the first to capture the American Stinger MANPADS, which the Americans secretly supplied to the Mujahideen. In addition to the MANPADS itself, all the technical documentation for it was captured, as well as the contract that confirmed the most direct participation of the Americans in these deliveries.

For the courage and heroism shown by the servicemen of the 22nd special unit on the territory of the Republic of Afghanistan, state awards 3196 people were awarded, of which four were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

In August 1988, the 22nd special unit was withdrawn to the territory of the Soviet Union in the settlement of Perepeshkul (Azerbaijan). It included the 173rd and 411th separate special forces units. The 370th separate special forces unit returned to Chuchkovo (Moscow Military District), and the 186th separate special forces unit returned to Izyaslavl.

In 1988-1989, units of the 22nd special unit were involved in the implementation of tasks to maintain constitutional order in the city of Baku (173rd special unit), as well as North Ossetia (Alania) and Ingushetia.

In the period from April to June 1990 and from May to July 1991, the 173rd Special Operations Forces took part in the settlement of the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. The detachment's groups, operating in the territory of Armenia in the area of \u200b\u200bthe settlements of Nayamberian and Shavar Shavan, destroyed 19 hail guns that fired at the settlements of Azerbaijan.

After the collapse of the USSR in 1992, the brigade was transferred to the North Caucasus Military District.

3,762 people were awarded government awards of the USSR, including four became Heroes of the Soviet Union - Private Valery Viktorovich Arsenov (posthumously), Junior Sergeant Islamov Yurik Verikovich (posthumously), Senior Lieutenant Oleg Petrovich Onischuk (posthumously) and Captain Goroshko Yaroslav Pavlovich.

24th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Trans-Baikal Military District (24th Special Forces of the ZabVO)

The brigade was formed in 1977 on the basis of the 18th separate special-purpose company in the Trans-Baikal Military District.

Unit commanders:

colonel E.M. Ivanov (1977-1982);

colonel G.A. Kolb (1982-1986);

colonel V.I. Kuzmin (1986-1990);

colonel A.M. Boyko (1990-1992);

colonel V.I. Rogov (1992-1994);

colonel P.S. Lipiev (1994-1997);

colonel A.A. Platonov (1997-1999);

colonel A.I. Zhukov (since 1999).

In the period 1979-1989, servicemen of the 24th special unit participated in hostilities on the territory of Afghanistan as part of separate special forces.

In the late eighties - early nineties of the last century, the personnel of the brigade performed special tasks in the "hot spots" of the Soviet Union.

Among the personnel of the brigade, 121 people were awarded the orders of the Red Banner, Red Star, "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR", "Courage" and "For Military Merit". 163 servicemen of the 24th special unit were nominated to be awarded with medals "For Military Merit", "For Courage" and "For Services to the Fatherland" of the 2nd degree.

26th Separate Special Forces Battalion of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (26th Special Forces Battalion GSVG)

Formed in 1957 in the GSVG (Group of Soviet Forces in Germany).

Commander - Lieutenant Colonel Mosolov R.P.

27th Separate Special Forces Battalion of the Northern Group of Forces (27th Special Forces Battalion SVG)

Formed in 1957 in the Northern Group of Forces (Poland).

Commander - Lieutenant Colonel Pashkov M.P.

36th separate battalion of special forces of the Carpathian military district (36th on the special forces of the PrikVO)

Formed in 1957 in the Carpathian Military District.

The commander is Lieutenant Colonel Shapovalov.

42nd naval reconnaissance point of the Pacific Fleet (42nd MRP Pacific Fleet)

In 1995, a group of special forces performed combat missions as part of the Pacific Fleet Marine Regiment in the Chechen Republic. The commandos lost five comrades in that war. Four of them were posthumously awarded orders, and ensign A.V. posthumously awarded the title of Hero of Russia.

MCI commanders:

captain 1st Rank P.P. Kovalenko (1955–1959);

captain 1st Rank V.N. Guryanov (1959-1961);

captain 1st Rank V.I. Konnov (1961-1966);

captain 1st Rank V.N. Klimenko (1966-1972);

captain 1st Rank Minkin Y.A. (1972-1976);

captain 1st Rank A.V. Zharkov (1976-1981);

captain 1st Rank Yakovlev Yu.M. (1981-1983);

lieutenant Colonel V.I. Evsyukov (1983-1988);

captain 1st Rank V.V. Omsharuk (1988-1995);

lieutenant Colonel Gritsay V.G. (1995-1997);

captain 1st Rank S.V. Kurochkin (1997-2000).

43rd Separate Special Forces Battalion of the Transcaucasian Military District (43rd Special Forces of the Transcaucasian Military District)

Formed in 1957 in the Transcaucasian Military District.

Commander - Colonel Gelevereya I.I.

45th separate reconnaissance regiment of the Airborne Forces (45th Special Forces Regiment of the Airborne Forces) - operational subordination of the General Staff of the Airborne Forces

The regiment was formed on the basis of two separate airborne battalions:

- 901st separate airborne assault battalion (locations: 1979 - Czechoslovakia, 1989 - Latvia (Baltic Military District), 1991 - Sukhumi (Transcaucasian Military District). Later - as part of the 7th Guards Airborne Division (North Caucasian Military District);

- 218th separate battalion special forces of the airborne forces (June - August 1992 - Transnistria, September - November 1992 - North Ossetia, December 1992 - Abkhazia).

From December 12, 1994 to January 25, 1995, the regiment took part in hostilities in Chechnya (the settlement of Dolinsky, Oktyabrsky, Grozny, Argun). 15 servicemen were killed, 27 were wounded.

The regiment commander is Colonel Viktor Kolygin.

61st separate battalion of special forces of the Turkestan military district (61st about the special forces of the Turkestan military district)

Formed in 1957.

67th Separate Special Forces Brigade of the Siberian Military District (67th Special Forces of the Siberian Military District)

The brigade was formed in 1984 on the basis of the 791st separate special-purpose company. It was stationed on the territory of the Siberian Military District.

Unit commanders:

lieutenant colonel L.V. Agaponov (1984-1990);

colonel A.G. Tarasovsky (1990-1992);

colonel L.L. Polyakov (1992-1999);

colonel Yu.A. Mokrov (since 1999).

137th naval reconnaissance point of the Red Banner Caspian Flotilla (137th MRP KKF)

Formed in 1969 by the Directive of the General Staff of the Navy No. 701-2 / 2 / 0012ss, numbering 47 people.

Until 1992, the military unit, in addition to conducting intensive combat training, tested new underwater propulsion systems and provided training for a special contingent of friendly countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.

On June 1, 1992, the military unit was relocated to the village of Vladimirovka, Priozersky District, Leningrad Region.

In September 1997, the military unit was redeployed to the Black Sea Fleet.

On May 31, 1995 in Chechnya, the commander of the 137th MRP SNP group, senior lieutenant Sergei Anatolyevich Stabetsky, was killed. Posthumously awarded the order Courage.

MCI commanders:

captain 1st Rank V.G. Pashits (1969-1982);

captain 1st Rank Kantsedal V.P. (1982-1986);

captain 1st Rank A.A. Nefedov (1986-1997);

captain 2nd rank Khristichenko I.A. (1997-2000);

colonel Maksimov A.N. (2000-2004).

154th separate special-purpose detachment of the Turkestan Military District (154th Special Forces of the Turkestan Military District) ("Muslim battalion")

Formed on the basis of the 15th separate special forces brigade in April - May 1979.

Its staff included military equipment, and the total number of soldiers and officers was five hundred and twenty people. Before that, there was no such weapons, no such staff in the special forces. In addition to management and headquarters, the detachment consisted of four companies. The first company was armed with the BMP-1, the second and third - the BTR-60pb. The fourth company was an armament company, which consisted of an AGS-17 platoon, a platoon of Lynx infantry jet flamethrowers and a sapper platoon. Also, the detachment consisted of separate platoons: communications, ZSU "Shilka", automobile and material support. Each company had an interpreter, a cadet at the Military Institute foreign languagesdirected for an internship.

For the entire personnel of the "Muslim Battalion" in Moscow, the uniform of the Afghan army was sewn, and legalization documents of the established form were prepared in the Afghan language. At the same time, the servicemen did not have to change their names, since they were all representatives of three nationalities: Uzbeks, Tajiks and Turkmens.

First spetsnaz unit deployed to Afghanistan in November 1979. He took part in Operation Storm-333. Detachment losses: 5 killed and 35 wounded. On January 2, 1980 it was withdrawn to the USSR.

In the same year, the detachment was replenished with officers and equipment and again entered Afghanistan.

173rd separate special-purpose detachment of the Transcaucasian Military District (173rd Special Operations Division of the Transcaucasian Military District)

Initially, the 173rd separate detachment of the Special Forces was stationed in Georgia, in the city of Lagodekhi. The goals and objectives of the newly created unit also explain its somewhat unusual staffing structure. At that time, the detachment consisted of a management and headquarters, a separate communications group and an anti-aircraft artillery group, as well as six companies.

The first and the second were considered reconnaissance, and the third - reconnaissance and landing. Each of these companies included three special-purpose groups. The fourth company - automatic grenade launchers - consisted of three fire platoons, the fifth company consisted of a flamethrower group and a mining group, the sixth company was a transport company. In service in the detachment, in addition to conventional small arms, were ZSU "Shilka", AGS-17, RPO "Rys". The scouts moved on BMP-1, BRM-1 and BMD-1.

On the night of April 13-14, 1984, a reconnaissance group under the command of Lieutenant Kozlov, dressed in Afghan national clothes, ambushed the rebels' caravan route at mark 1.379 and destroyed four Simurg vehicles and 47 "spirits", and also seized one car and a large number of weapons and ammunition. Among the spoils of the special forces were valuable documents. Fighting for five hours in an encirclement with an outnumbered enemy, the group completed the mission without losses. For a long time, this result was a kind of record in the 40th Army.

In May 1984, the detachment was reorganized. The position of a translator was introduced in the companies. The 4th and 5th companies were disbanded, and weapon groups were formed from their personnel in the first three. The first company moved to the BMP-2, and the second and third to the BTR-70. The mining group became separate.

In 1985, an engineer-sapper platoon was introduced into the detachment's staff, and the 4th company was deployed on the basis of it and the mining group.

In the spring of 1985, with the introduction of two separate special forces detachments and the headquarters of the 22nd special forces unit into Afghanistan, the 173rd detachment became part of this brigade.

In April 1986, the detachment used new way fight against caravans of rebels. The reconnaissance group led by Lieutenant Beskrovny organized an observation post at a commanding height with a mark of 2.014. Having discovered at night the movement of the Mujahideen convoy, the scouts pointed fire support helicopters at it, and after their strike, the detachment's armored groups quickly entered the area, blocking the enemy. So, in fact, without risking the lives of soldiers and officers, 6 Simurg vehicles and a large amount of weapons and ammunition were seized. This method has been successfully used many times in the future.

In 1988, the detachment ensured the withdrawal of units from the "South" zone of responsibility, being in the rearguard, and was the last to leave Afghanistan, in August.

186th separate special forces detachment of the Carpathian Military District (186th Special Operations Division of the PrikVO)

It was formed in the winter of 1985 in the city of Izyaslav of the KVO on the basis of the 8th separate special forces brigade. To recruit the detachment, officers and soldiers from the 10th, 2nd and 4th separate special forces brigades were involved.

In April 1985, the detachment entered Afghanistan and under its own power through Puli-Khumri, Salang, Kabul, Ghazni arrived in Sharjah.

On June 22, 1988, the detachment became part of the 8th separate special forces brigade of the Carpathian military district.

304th naval reconnaissance point of the Northern Fleet (304th MRP of the Northern Fleet)

It began to form on November 26, 1957 by the directive of the General Staff of the Navy No. OMU / 1 / 30409ss with a strength of 122 people.

MCI commander: Lieutenant Colonel Belyak E.M.

In April 1960, due to the reduction of the Armed Forces of the USSR, the 304th MRP of the Federation Council was disbanded.

334th separate special-purpose detachment (334th oo special forces)

It was formed on the basis of the 5th special unit in the village of Maryina Gorka (BSSR). Major Terentyev became the first commander of the detachment.

At the end of March 1985, he was introduced to Afghanistan and replenished the 15th special unit. The city of Asadabad became the place of his deployment. Due to the fact that the province of Kunar was in the highlands and almost all caravan routes passed along a kind of chain of fortified areas of the Mujahideen, the detachment used tactics inherent only in it. Under the leadership of Captain G. Bykov, who led the detachment in 1985, the soldiers worked out the tactics of assault actions and surprise attacks on fortified areas and their individual elements.

In 1988, the detachment was withdrawn to the Union and again became part of the 5th special unit.

370th separate detachment of special purpose (370th oo special forces)

It was formed in 1980 on the basis of the 16th separate special-purpose brigade of the Moscow military district in Chuchkovo, Ryazan region to enter Afghanistan.

From autumn 1984 to 1988, he fought in Afghanistan. The 370th Special Forces OO was part of the 22nd Special Forces Brigade and was stationed in the city of Lashkargah (Helmand province).

The detachment's area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility is the Registan and Dashti-Margo desert.

During this period, 47 officers, warrant officers, sergeants and soldiers were killed in the detachment.

In 1988, the detachment was expelled from the brigade and returned to the 16th separate special forces brigade.

By August 15, 1988, the detachment was withdrawn to the territory of the USSR and became part of the 16th separate brigade of the special forces of the Moscow military district.

420th naval reconnaissance point of the Northern Fleet (420th MRP of the Northern Fleet)

Formed in 1983.

The main task of this unit is the destruction of coastal acoustic stations, which were components of the American SOSUS system. The latter was intended to track the movement of Soviet submarines in the oceans. The system was a network of electrical cables that covered the bottom of the Norwegian Sea and recorded the location of each submarine in one or another square of this giant network. The system supplied the Americans with information about all movements of Soviet submarines in the area and made it possible to deliver a preemptive nuclear strike against them in a threatened period even before the American convoy left.

In 1985, the formation of the 420th MCI of the Northern Fleet began. The state was approved - a total of 185 military personnel. When recruiting the unit, preference was given to residents of the Murmansk region and servicemen of the Northern Fleet (including the marines and naval aviation), tk. they have already been adapted to service in the harsh conditions of the Arctic. So, in summer, the water temperature does not rise above +6 degrees, and in winter, due to increased salinity, it did not freeze even at –2.

The MRP consisted of two combat detachments - reconnaissance divers and radio and radio-technical reconnaissance (RTRR). By state, each detachment had three groups, but in reality there was only one. Subsequently, the staff of the point was changed and consisted of about three hundred people.

The 1st detachment worked against the BGAS. The 2nd Detachment acted against NATO aviation, which was based at airfields in Northern Norway. The object of the RTRR detachment was a long-range radar warning post, also located in Northern Norway.

MCI commanders:

captain 1st Rank G.I. Zakharov (1983-1986).

captain 1st rank Nokai P.D. (1986-1990).

captain 1st rank Chemakin S.M. (1990-1996).

441st separate special purpose squad (411th oo special forces)

It was formed as part of the 22nd separate special forces brigade in the city of Shindand.

The officers and soldiers included in its composition had combat experience.

For all positions of commanders of companies, groups, squads, people came from the units of the 22nd Separate Special Forces Brigade operating in Afghanistan at that time. All other positions were occupied by officers, warrant officers and personnel from parts of the 5th Guards Motorized Rifle Division, stationed in Shindand.

In the last days of December 1985, the entire detachment on military equipment made a 100-kilometer march to the point of permanent deployment in the city of Farahrud, where it celebrated the new year 1986.

459th separate special-purpose company (459th special operations division) ("Kabul company")

The company was formed in December 1979 on the basis of the training regiment of the Special Forces of the Turkestan Military District (TurkVO) in the city of Chirchik, Uzbek SSR.

Introduced to Afghanistan in February 1980. The first company commander is Captain R.R. Latypov.

The 459th OR of the Special Forces is the first full-time division of the army special forces as part of the 40th combined-arms army in Afghanistan.

Since February 1980, the unit has been deployed to Kabul, receiving the common name "Kabul company". The company consisted of four reconnaissance groups and a liaison group (in December 1980, 11 BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicles appeared in service with the unit). According to the staffing table, the company consisted of 112 people.

The tasks of the 459th Ordnance Department of the Special Forces are reconnaissance, additional reconnaissance in order to verify information, the capture of prisoners, the destruction of the leaders and field commanders of the Mujahideen.

In 1980-1984, the 459th Special Operations Division carried out combat missions throughout Afghanistan.

Since 1985, the company's area of \u200b\u200boperations has been limited to the province of Kabul. During their stay in Afghanistan, the personnel of the 459th Special Forces detachment conducted more than 600 combat exits.

The successful actions of the "Kabul company" made it possible to gain experience in the use of special forces in the conditions of Afghanistan. It was decided to reinforce the special forces of the 40th Army.

August 15, 1988 "Kabul company" under the command of captain N.P. Khorshunova was taken to the territory of the Soviet Union. Over 800 servicemen of the company were awarded orders and medals.

Before the collapse of the USSR, the company was stationed in the city of Samarkand of the Uzbek SSR.

Currently, the 459th Special Operations Division has been reorganized into a separate special-purpose detachment and is part of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan.

467th separate training regiment for special purposes (467th division of special forces)

It was formed in March 1985 in the city of Chirchik.

Regiment commanders:

colonel Kh. Khalbaev (1985–1987);

lieutenant colonel I.M. Mole (1987-1990);

colonel E.V. Silence (1990-1992).

561st naval reconnaissance point of the Baltic Fleet (561st MRP BF)

Located on the Baltic Sea.

In 1983, a detachment was formed on its base, which was supposed to train scout divers specifically for the Northern Fleet and during the threatened period was transferred to the operational subordination of the headquarters of the North Sea. True, it soon became clear that most of the special-purpose scouts trained in the Baltic Sea, due to problems with acclimatization, could not be used beyond the Arctic Circle. Therefore, the detachment was disbanded.

MCI commanders:

colonel Potekhin G.V. (1954-1961);

captain 1st Rank V.A. Domyslovsky (1961-1965);

captain 1st rank Fedorov A.I. (1965-1968);

captain 1st Rank V.A. Smirnov (1969-1975);

captain 1st Rank V.S. Skorokhodov (1975-1978);

captain 1st Rank G.I. Zakharov (1978-1983);

captain 2nd rank I.P. Klimenko (1983-1987);

captain 1st rank Polenok M.D. (1987-1992);

colonel Mikhailov Yu.V. (1992-1994);

captain 1st Rank A.P. Karpovich (1994-2003).

670th separate special-purpose company of the Central Group of Forces (670th Ordnance Special Forces TsGV)

A spetsnaz company was created for the Central Group of Forces (TsGV) in 1981. Initially based in Lustenica, then in Bogdanech Lazne (Czechoslovakia).

In April 1991, it was withdrawn to the USSR and became part of the 16th special unit of the Moscow Military District.

1071st separate training regiment for special purposes (1071st special unit division)

Formed in 1973.

Commanders:

colonel V.I. Bolshakov (1973-1978);

colonel A.N. Grishchenko (1978-1982);

colonel V.A. Morozov (1982-1988);

colonel L.L. Polyakov (1988-1991).

In February 1992, it was transferred to the jurisdiction of Uzbekistan.

"Muslim Battalion". Special Forces "Muslim Battalion" of the Turkestan Military District

Formed in May - June 1979 in the 15th special unit of the Turkestan Military District.

The formation of the detachment was led by Colonel of the GRU General Staff V.V. Kolesnik.

The first commander is Major Kh. Khalbaev.

The detachment consisted of a command, a headquarters and four companies (the companies were armed with BMP-1, BTR-60pb; the fourth, an armament company, consisted of an AGS-17 platoon, a platoon of Lynx infantry jet flamethrowers, a platoon of sappers), as well as separate platoons : communications, ZSU "Shilka", automotive, support. The total number of the detachment was 520 people.

The officer and rank-and-file of the detachment was formed from representatives of the Central Asian republics - Uzbeks, Tajiks, Turkmens, with the exception of the Shilka anti-aircraft gunners, who were recruited from the Ukrainians.

The main task of the detachment: to carry out a special mission in Afghanistan.

In 1979, the "Muslim Battalion" took part in the operation "Storm-333" to overthrow the regime of H. Amin in Afghanistan. On November 19-20, using the requests of the Afghan government to strengthen its security by Soviet soldiers, the "Muslim Battalion" was airlifted to the Bagram airbase. On December 15, the detachment redeployed to Kabul and entered the security brigade of Amin's residence - the Taj Bek palace. On December 27, a battalion group of about 50 people under the command of Art. l-ta V.S. Sharipov and l-ta R. Tursunkulova, together with the KGB special forces, took part in the storming of the Taj Bek palace. The remaining units of the "Muslim Battalion" supported the assault group with fire and neutralized the actions of the Afghan guard brigade.

On January 8, 1980, the battalion was redeployed to the city of Chirchik of the Uzbek SSR and entered the 15th special unit as the 154th separate special-purpose detachment (154th Special Forces).

In April 1980, a group of participants in Operation Storm-333 was nominated for government awards.

Separate special-purpose battalions of military districts

They began to form by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov in August 1957.

They led special forces units and units:

major general I.N. Banov (1953-1957);

major general N.K. Patrahaltsev (1958-1968).

In military districts and groups of forces on the basis of 8 separate special-purpose companies, 5 battalions were formed, intended for operations in the rear of the enemy:

26th Special Forces (commander - Lieutenant Colonel R.P. Mosolov);

27th Special Forces (commander - Lieutenant Colonel M.P. Pashkov);

36th Special Forces (commander - Lieutenant Colonel Shapovalov);

43rd Special Forces (commander - Colonel I.I.Geleverya);

61st about the Special Forces (no data).

The 26th battalion was part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSVG), the 27th was in the Northern Group of Forces (SGV). The 36th battalion was stationed in the Carpathian military district, the 43rd - in the Transcaucasian and 61st - in the Turkestan military districts.

The battalions consisted of a command, a headquarters, three special-purpose companies, a special communications company, a training platoon and other service and support units.

The 75th, 77th and 78th divisions of the Special Forces deployed in the Southern Group of Forces (YUGV), the Carpathian and Odessa military districts were transferred to a new organizational structure.

Separate special-purpose brigades (arr special forces) of military districts

They began to form after the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU "On the training of personnel and the development of special equipment for organizing and equipping partisan detachments"Dated June 20, 1961.

In accordance with this decree, the leadership of the USSR Ministry of Defense decided to form special forces for the front (district) level. For the army level, the previous units and units of special forces were approved.

On February 5, 1962, the General Staff issued a directive obliging the commanders of military districts to organize courses for training officers for special forces. The same directive instructed the commanders to select 1,700 reserve servicemen, bring them to the brigade and conduct monthly training with them. The servicemen who passed the training were assigned new military specialties.

In March 1962, the General Staff developed projects for the staffs of cropped separate special forces brigades for peacetime and wartime. The organizational structure of the new special forces was created quite flexible, allowing their use in a wide variety of options: in groups of 3-10 people, in detachments from 25 to 50 people, in whole subunits from 50 to 200 people. and larger formations. The brigades were armed with light small arms and special weapons, mine explosives and accessories for blasting, VHF and HF radio stations, parachute equipment. The staffing of brigades with officers was carried out in compliance with the principle of individual selection and voluntary consent. All the personnel of the brigades for health reasons had to meet the fitness requirements for service in military units Airborne Forces.

In the fall of 1962, for the first time, an experimental exercise was held on the territory of the Leningrad and Baltic military districts on the use of a special purpose brigade in a front-line offensive operation. The head of the exercise was appointed deputy. Chief of the GRU General Staff Colonel-General H.-U.D. Mamsurov. The exercise was developed by the GRU officer P.A. Golitsyn and the head of the special intelligence department of the LVO, Colonel V.S. Likhanov.

Chiefs of intelligence, chiefs of special intelligence departments of the country's military districts were summoned to the exercise. During the exercise, the following questions were worked out:

making a decision by the front intelligence chief on the combat employment of a special forces brigade;

issuing combat orders;

preparation of reconnaissance and sabotage groups;

setting tasks for groups;

withdrawal of groups to take-off aerodromes;

landing groups;

performing reconnaissance and sabotage missions by groups;

radio reports on the progress of missions;

retargeting groups during an operation to new objects;

relocation of the headquarters of the special forces brigade during a front-line operation.

Teaching papers have been issued separate volume and sent to military districts and military academies. Prior to the development of guidance documents on combat use special forces units in the districts were guided by this volume.

By the end of 1962, cropped special-purpose brigades were formed in the Belarusian, Far Eastern, Transcaucasian, Kiev, Leningrad, Moscow, Odessa, Baltic, Carpathian and Turkestan military districts. This meant that, as part of the brigade, part of the units were deployed to the states of peacetime, but in the event of a threat of war, they could be replenished with an assigned staff. A number of brigade units had only commanders, all the rest of the servicemen were in reserve.

In 1963, large-scale exercises were held on the territory of the Belarusian, Baltic and Leningrad military districts, in which separate brigades and special forces companies took part. Generals and officers of the GRU General Staff, Lieutenant General K.N. Tkachenko, Major General P.A. Golitsyn, T.P. Isachenko and others. The exercise was led by Colonel-General H.-U.D. Mamsurov. 42 RG Special Forces (spetsnaz reconnaissance group) were thrown into the "rear of the enemy", including two groups underwater. The commandos completed almost all the assigned tasks successfully.

The experience of the exercises was generalized and sent to all units and subdivisions of special forces, a training film was created on the basis of one of the brigades.

By January 1964, the army special forces grouping consisted of ten separate brigades (special forces), five separate battalions (special forces) and twelve separate companies (special forces). By the end of the year, as a result of another reorganization, cropped units were strengthened, three special forces and six special forces were disbanded. Now in the grouping there were twelve special forces, two special forces and six special forces.

In August 1965, the GRU General Staff developed and approved the documents "Manual on the Combat Use of Special Forces" and "Organization and Tactics of Partisan Warfare." They set out the basic concept of the combat employment of special forces units, their main tasks, a set of issues for preparing for operations behind enemy lines.

The "Manual on the Combat Use of a Special Forces Unit" was used as a guiding document. With the receipt of instructions in the troops in the subunits, more persistent training of scouts, reconnaissance groups and subunits in general began. According to the provisions set out in the document, field exercises and exercises with practical landing began to be conducted, special attention was paid to reconnaissance of weapons of mass destruction.

New types of special equipment were tested and put into service: mine-explosive and incendiary weapons, silent weapons, radio stations, devices for electronic intelligence, for taking the coordinates of identified targets, etc.

Summer and winter special forces uniforms were developed and manufactured. The color of the uniform was carried out taking into account the actions in various theaters of war. For the supply of special forces, a small-sized high-calorie food ration was developed and adopted.

By 1979, the army special forces grouping consisted of 14 district brigades and about 30 separate units as part of armies and groups of troops.

Separate special-purpose companies of military districts and armies (OR SPN)

They began to form on the basis of the directive of the Minister of War of the USSR Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky No. ORG / 2/395/832 dated October 24, 1950

The formation of the companies took place under the general leadership of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff.

To manage the units being formed under the 2nd Main Directorate of the General Staff, a special direction was created for the leadership of army special forces.

Direction leaders:

colonel P.I. Stepanov (1950-1953);

major general I.N. Banov (1953-1957).

Short-term courses for special forces officers were opened in the Moscow region (Zagoryanka settlement). The main subjects of training on them were: special tactical, airborne and mine-subversive training. Lectures on the use of army special forces in army and front-line operations were delivered by Colonel-Generals H.-W.D. Mamsurov, Rogov. Practical lessons on tactical and special training were conducted by Colonels N.K. Patrahaltsev, I.N. Banov. Airborne training was taught by masters of sports, Colonels S. Silaev, A. Doronin, S. Rudenko, and others. Mine explosive training was conducted under the direction of Colonel I.G. Starinov.

Until May 1, 1951, in the combined arms and tank armies, as well as in a number of military districts, 46 special forces detachments were formed, intended for operations behind enemy lines.

Each company had 120 personnel. Organizationally, it consisted of four platoons: three for special purposes and one for special radio communications.

To carry out tasks, the company was able to select intelligence agencies:

reconnaissance groups of special forces (RG SPN) on the basis of a regular department, and from the platoon of special radio communications - one or two radio operators;

at the expense of regular groups - three reconnaissance detachments of special forces (RO SPN) and two or four radio operators in each detachment.

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