Leonid alexandrovich golikov summary. Young hero of Lenya Golikov

LEONID SHEBARSHIN One of bright personalities in intelligence was Lieutenant General Leonid Vladimirovich Shebarshin. Ace scout. He passed all the stages of service - from the lowest to the highest. Man of honor. Deep, sober analytical mind. Optimist. Inexhaustible humor. Masterfully

1926 TSAMO. F 32. Op. 11302. D. 109. L. 43–44.47.

Volodya Dubinin
Marat Kazei
Lyonya Golikov
Zina Portnova
Sasha Borodulin
Galya Komleva
Valya Kotik

In Soviet times, when the pioneer organization was the only one uniting the younger generation of our country, the names of the guys who heroically died defending our Motherland during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945, were on everyone's lips. Pioneer detachments, which united every class of every Soviet school, often bore the name of a pioneer hero. Their names were given to streets, for example, in Nizhny Novgorod there is Vali Kotika Street. Films were made about them. Who were these pioneer heroes? Five of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union: Lenya Golikov, Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik and Zina Portnova. Others have received great awards as well. There are many guys-heroes. We will recall several of them today.

Volodya Dubinin

The pioneer hero Volodya Dubinin was one of the members of a partisan detachment that fought in the quarries near the city of Kerch. He fought on a par with adults: he brought ammunition, water, food, went on reconnaissance. Since Volodya was still very small, he could get out to the surface through very narrow manholes of the quarry and unnoticed by the Nazis and reconnoiter the combat situation.

The boy died on January 2, 1942, helping to clear the passages to the quarries. Volodya was buried in a mass grave of partisans in the center of the Kamysh-Burunsky port in the city of Kerch. The young hero was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

In 1962, the feature film "Street of the Youngest Son" was shot. It was a screen version of the novel of the same name by Lev Kassil and Max Polyanovsky, dedicated to the pioneer hero Volodya Dubinin.

Marat Kazei

Fascists broke into the Belarusian village where Marat lived with his mother, Anna Aleksandrovna Kazya. In the fall, Marat no longer had to go to the fifth grade of the school. Building educational institution the Nazis turned it into their barracks.

For communication with the partisans, Marat's mother, Anna Alexandrovna, was seized, and soon the boy learned that his mother had been hanged in Minsk. The boy's heart filled with anger and hatred for the enemy. Together with his sister, Komsomol member Ada, pioneer Marat Kazei went to the partisans in the Stankovsky forest. He became a scout at the headquarters of the partisan brigade. He penetrated into enemy garrisons and delivered valuable information to the command. Using this information, the partisans developed a daring operation and defeated the fascist garrison in the city of Dzerzhinsk.

The boy took part in battles and invariably showed courage, fearlessness, together with experienced demolition men he mined the railway.

Marat died in battle, fighting to the last bullet, and when he had only one grenade left, he let the enemies get closer and blew them up with himself.

For courage and bravery, the pioneer Marat Kazei was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. And in the capital of Belarus, the city of Minsk, a monument to the young hero was erected.

Lyonya Golikov

Lenya grew up in the village of Lukino in the Novgorod region, on the banks of the Polo River, which flows into the legendary Ilmen Lake. When his native village was captured by the enemy, the boy went to the partisans.

More than once he went on reconnaissance, brought important information to the partisan detachment, enemy trains and vehicles flew downhill, bridges collapsed, enemy warehouses burned.

There was a battle in his life, which Lenya fought alone with a fascist general. A grenade thrown by the boy knocked out the car. A Nazi got out of it with a briefcase in his hands and, firing back, rushed to run. Lenya chased after him. He pursued the enemy for almost a kilometer and finally killed him. There were very important documents in the portfolio. The partisan headquarters immediately flew them to Moscow.

In his short life there were still many fights, and he never wavered, fighting shoulder to shoulder with adults. Lenya died in a battle near the village of Ostray Luka, Pskov region in the winter of 1943. On April 2, 1944, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was published on awarding the pioneer partisan Lena Golikov the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Zina Portnova

The war found the Leningrad pioneer Zina Portnova in the village of Zuya, where she came on vacation, not far from the Obol station, Vitebsk region. An underground Komsomol-youth organization "Young Avengers" was created in Oboli, and Zina was elected a member of its committee. She participated in daring operations against the enemy, in sabotage, distributed leaflets, conducted reconnaissance on the instructions of a partisan detachment.

In December 1943, Zina was returning from a mission. In the village of Mostishche, she was betrayed by a traitor. The fascists seized the young partisan and tortured her. The answer to the enemy was Zina's silence, her contempt and hatred, her determination to fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed a pistol from the table and shot point-blank at the Gestapo. The officer who ran into the shot was also killed on the spot. Zina tried to escape, but the Nazis overtook her.

The brave young pioneer was brutally tortured, but until the last minute she remained steadfast, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously marked her feat with its highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Sasha Borodulin

Enemy bombers constantly flew over the village where Sasha lived. The native land was trampled by the Nazis. The young pioneer Sasha Borodulin could not put up with this, he decided to fight the Nazis. After killing a fascist motorcyclist, he took the first battle trophy - a real German machine gun. Day after day he conducted reconnaissance. More than once he went on the most dangerous missions. On his account there were many destroyed vehicles and enemy soldiers.

Punishers tracked down the partisans. For three days the detachment left them, twice broke out of the encirclement, but the enemy ring closed again. Then the commander summoned the volunteers to cover the detachment's retreat. Sasha stepped forward first. Five took the fight. One by one, they died. Sasha was left alone. It was still possible to retreat - the forest is nearby, but the detachment is so dear to every minute that will delay the enemy, and Sasha fought the battle to the end. He, allowing the Nazis to close the ring around him, pulled out a grenade and blew them up with him.

For the performance of dangerous tasks, for the displayed courage, resourcefulness and courage, Sasha Borodulin in the winter of 1941 was awarded the order Of the Red Banner.

Galya Komleva

When the war began, and the Nazis approached Leningrad, Anna Petrovna Semenova, a high school counselor, was left for underground work in the village of Tarnovichi - in the south of the Leningrad Region. To communicate with the partisans, she selected her most reliable pioneers, and the first among them was Galina Komleva. Cheerful, brave, inquisitive girl. During her six school years, she was awarded six times with books with the signature "For excellent studies."

The young messenger brought assignments from the partisans to her counselor, and forwarded her reports to the detachment along with bread, potatoes, food, which they got with great difficulty. Once, when a messenger from the partisan detachment did not come to the meeting place on time, Galya, half frozen, made her way into the detachment, conveyed a report and, slightly warmed up, hurried back, carrying a new mission to the underground.

Together with the Komsomol member Taseya Yakovleva, Galya wrote leaflets and scattered them around the village at night. The fascists hunted down and seized the young underground workers. They were kept in the Gestapo for two months. Having severely beaten, they threw them into the cell, and in the morning they again took them out for interrogation. Galya did not say anything to the enemy, she did not betray anyone, and for this the young patriot was shot.

Gali Komleva's feat was celebrated by the Motherland with the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.

Valya Kotik

He was born on February 11, 1930 in the village of Khmelevka, Shepetovsky district, Khmelnitsky region. He studied at school No. 4 in the city of Shepetovka, was a recognized leader of the pioneers, his peers. When the Nazis broke into Shepetovka, Valya Kotik, together with her friends, decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected weapons at the site of the battles, which were then transported by the partisans to the detachment in a hay cart. Having looked closely at the boy, the communists entrusted Vale to be a liaison and intelligence officer in their underground organization. He learned the location of enemy posts, the order of changing the guard.

The Nazis planned a punitive operation against the partisans, and Valya, after tracking down the Hitlerite officer who led the punishers, killed him.

When the arrests began in the city, Valya, along with his mother and brother Viktor, went to the partisans. The pioneer, who had just turned fourteen, fought shoulder to shoulder with adults, freeing his native land. On his account - six enemy echelons, blown up on the way to the front.

Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 2nd degree.

Valya Kotik died as a hero, and the Motherland posthumously honored him with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A monument to him was erected in front of the school where this brave pioneer studied. And today the pioneers salute the hero.

In 1957, the feature film "Eaglet" was shot, the protagonist of which was the young partisan Valya Kotko (prototype of the Hero of the Soviet Union Valya Kotik).

All events in Nizhny Novgorod, dedicated to the Day Victory,

Leonid Aleksandrovich Golikov was born on June 17, 1926 in the village of Lukino, Novgorod Region, into a working class family. His school biography "fit" in only seven classes, after which he went to work at the plywood factory №2 in the village of Parfino.

In the summer of 1941, the villages were occupied by the Nazis. The boy saw with his own eyes all the horrors of German rule, and therefore, when in 1942 (after the liberation) partisan detachments began to form, the guy, without hesitation, decided to join them.

However, this desire was denied to him, referring to his young age - Lena Golikov at that time was 15 years old. It is not known how his biography would have developed further, unexpected help came in the person of the boy's school teacher, who at that time was already in the partisans. Leni's teacher said that this "student will not let you down" and later turned out to be right.

So, in March 1942 L. Golikov became a scout of the 67th detachment of the Leningrad partisan brigade. Later he joined the Komsomol there. In total, on the combat account of his biography, there are 27 military operations, during which the young partisan destroyed 78 enemy officers and soldiers, as well as 14 undermining bridges and 9 enemy vehicles.

A feat perfect by Lenya Golikov

The most significant feat in his military biography was accomplished on August 13, 1942, not far from the village of Varnitsa, on the Luga-Pskov highway. While in reconnaissance with partner Alexander Petrov, Golikov blew up an enemy passenger car. As it turned out, Major General of the German Engineering Troops Richard Wirtz was in it, the briefcase found with him was taken to the headquarters. Among them were minefield diagrams, Wirtz's important inspection reports to his superiors, detailed outlines of several samples of German mines, and others that were very necessary for partisan movement documents.

For the accomplished feat Lyonya Golikov was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded the Gold Star medal. Unfortunately, he did not have time to get them.

In December 1942, the Germans began a large-scale operation, and the detachment in which the hero fought was also pursued. On January 24, 1943, he and more than 20 other people, exhausted by the chase, went to the village of Ostraya Luka. After making sure that there were no Germans in it, we stopped for the night in the three outer houses. The enemy garrison was not so far away, it was decided not to deploy sentries so as not to attract unnecessary attention. Among the villagers, a traitor was found who informed the village headman exactly in which houses the partisans were hiding.

After some time, Ostrya Luka was surrounded by 150 punishers, which included localswho collaborated with the Nazis, and Lithuanian nationalists.

Taken by surprise, the partisans heroically entered the battle, only six of them managed to escape alive from the encirclement. Only on January 31, exhausted and frostbitten (plus two seriously injured), were they able to achieve regular soviet troops... They reported about dead heroes, including the young partisan Lyonya Golikov. For his courage and repeated feats, on April 2, 1944, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

At first, it was believed that Lenya Golikov did not have a genuine photograph. Therefore, for the image of the hero (for example, for the portrait created by Viktor Fomin in 1958), his own sister, Lida, was used. And although later the partisan photo was found, it was the image of his sister that began to adorn his biography and symbolize Lyonya Golikov and his exploits for millions of Soviet pioneers.

Lyonya Golikov was born on a warm day on June 17, 1926 in the Pskov region. Like any other boy in the village of Lukino, he finished seven classes and went to work at a plywood mill with his parents. Like all children, he played football and helped his parents with the housework. But the war disrupted the plans of civilians. In 1941, Leonid was only 15 years old.

The area in which the Golikov family lived was occupied by the Germans until the beginning of the spring of 1942. It was at this time, by the decision of the Leningrad headquarters, that the formation began, which became the second home for the young hero. The boy was not immediately accepted into the fourth Leningrad partisan detachment, due to his young age. But a school teacher, who was already in the partisan detachment, stood up for him.

Military services of Golikov

Leonid's track record is really impressive:

• he personally participated in 27 registered combat operations,
• thanks to this youngster, several dozen fascists were destroyed, about 10 combat vehicles with ammunition, as well as twenty bridges that saved the lives of hundreds of Soviet soldiers were blown up by the hands of a young hero,
• Accompanied carts in.
  

The boy was not afraid of difficulties. Once he confronted five Germans in an apiary in the village, three were destroyed by him personally, two of them managed to escape. But this is just a child. One of the most striking victories with Leni's participation was on August 13, 1942, when the car of Major General Richard von Wirtz was attacked on the small Luga-Pskov highway. While our soldiers were fighting back the resistance of the German group, the boy with other partisans managed to get hold of very important documentation, which changed the course of an important battle.

Awards received during the war

Already in July 1942, Lenya received his first award - it was an honorable "", and this was only the beginning. All colleagues, from small to large, unanimously noted the courage and courage of the fighter who made a lot of efforts to defeat Nazism. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in November 1942. This is one of the most valuable awards of the front-line soldiers.

Also, by decree of the Presidium of April 2, 1944, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Heroes and traitors

Hero of the USSR Leonid Golikov at the age of 15 fell in battle in December 1942. During the anti-guerrilla war, the Nazis attacked their camp. The detachment, which included the boy, was surrounded in a place called Ostraya Luka, was killed in battle, along with other partisans. Later, from the lips of the survivors, it became known that the detachment was pursued more than once.

Detachments of the NKVD and counterintelligence personally took part in the investigation of the attack on this detachment. During the investigation, it became known about the cruel betrayal of one of the villagers.

Comrade Stepanov, the owner of one of the courtyards where the partisans were located, reported their presence to the elder Pykhov, He then informed the punishers about the partisans, whose detachment was already operating in the village of Krutets. Pykhov was generously awarded by the Germans. But in 1944 he was seized by the Soviet counterintelligence and shot as a traitor to his homeland.

In the city of Yoshkar-Ola, a lane is named in honor of Leni Golikov. There is also a monument to the hero. School of Yoshkar-Ola No. 13 is named after Leonid Golikov. There are also streets in other cities named after L. Golikov, these are Kaliningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, etc.

Among the children and adolescents who distinguished themselves during the Great Patriotic War and were subsequently included in the list of "pioneer heroes" were four who were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union - Valya Kotik, Marat Kazei, and.

During the period of perestroika, when the heroes of the Soviet era were subjected to massive "exposure", these four also got it in full. Among the many complaints, this was also heard - in fact, the "pioneers" were older than the age attributed to them.

Our dear readers, who managed to get acquainted with, and, could be convinced that the accusations of forgery are unfair - Marat and Valya were indeed pioneers, and Zina, being a pioneer, began her activities as an underground worker.

With Lenya Golikov, the story is different - he was undoubtedly a pioneer, undoubtedly a hero, but he got into the list of pioneer-heroes through the efforts of people who clearly "wanted the best."

Lyonya Golikov was born into a working class family that lived in the Novgorod region, in the village of Lukino, on June 17, 1926. Like most of the young heroes, his pre-war biography is not particularly remarkable - he graduated from seven classes of school, managed to work at a plywood factory.

An important point - according to the regulation on the pioneer organization, its members at that time could be persons aged from 9 to 14 years. On June 17, 1941, Lena Golikov turned 15, that is, he finally left the pioneer age a few days before the war.

We will talk a little later about how he “became a pioneer” again, but for now, about how Lenya became a partisan.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Lukino was under Nazi occupation, but was recaptured in March 1942. It was during this period that, on the liberated territory, by the decision of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement, a partisan brigade was formed from among the fighters of previously operating partisan detachments, as well as young volunteers, which was supposed to go to the enemy rear to continue the fight against the Nazis.

Among the guys and girls who survived the occupation and wanted to fight the enemy, there was also Lyonya Golikov, who was not accepted at first.

Lena was 15 at that time, and the commanders who took away the fighters felt that he was too young. They took him thanks to the recommendation of a school teacher, who also joined the partisans, and assured that "the student will not fail."

The student really did not disappoint - as part of the 4th Leningrad Partisan Brigade, he took part in 27 military operations, recording at his own expense several dozen destroyed Nazis, 10 destroyed vehicles with ammunition, more than a dozen blown up bridges, etc.

Lenya Golikov received his first award, the Medal For Courage, in July 1942. Everyone who knew Lyonya when he was a partisan noted his courage and courage.

Once, returning from reconnaissance, Lenya went to the outskirts of the village, where he found five Germans looting in an apiary. The Nazis were so carried away by the extraction of honey and brushing off the bees that the weapon was put aside. The scout took advantage of this, destroying three Germans. The remaining two fled.

One of Leni's brightest operations took place on August 13, 1942, when partisans attacked a car on the Luga-Pskov highway, in which was a German Major General of the Engineering Troops Richard von Wirtz.

The Nazis fiercely resisted, but Lenya, reaching the car, together with his partner, seized a suitcase with valuable documents.

It must be said that in the classic stories about Lena Golikov, it was often stated that he carried out the attack on the general's car almost alone. This is not true. But the fact that the main merit in the extraction of documents belongs to him is undoubtedly.

The documents were forwarded to the Soviet command, and Lenya himself was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. However, the documents, apparently, were not so significant - in November 1942, Lenya was awarded the Order of the Red Banner for this feat.

Heroes and traitors

Alas, the partisan biography, like Lenya's life, was short-lived. In December 1942, the Nazis launched a large-scale anti-partisan operation, pursuing the detachment in which Lyonya Golikov fought. It was impossible to break away from the enemy.

On January 24, 1943, a group of partisans of just over 20 people went to the village of Ostraya Luka. There were no Germans in the village, and the exhausted people stopped to rest in three houses. After some time, the village was surrounded by a detachment of punishers in the amount of 150 people, made up of local traitors and Lithuanian nationalists. The guerrillas, who were taken by surprise, nevertheless entered the battle.

Only a few people were able to break out of the encirclement, and later reported to the headquarters about the death of the detachment. Lyonya Golikov, like most of his comrades, died in battle in Ostraya Luka.

The organs of the NKVD and Soviet counterintelligence during the war years conducted a thorough investigation in order to establish the reasons for the death of certain partisan formations. So it was in this case.

Thanks to the testimony of the villagers obtained after the liberation from the occupation, as well as the testimony of the surviving partisans, it was established that Lyonya Golikov and his comrades fell victims of betrayal.

Someone Stepanov, an inhabitant of one of the houses where the partisans stayed, reported about them headman Pykhov, who informed the punitive partisans, whose detachment was in the village of Krutets.

Lenya Golikov. Photo: Public Domain

Pykhov received a generous reward from the Nazis for the services rendered. However, during the retreat, the owners did not take the accomplice with them. At the beginning of 1944, he was arrested by Soviet counterintelligence agencies, was convicted as a traitor to the Motherland and shot in April 1944.

The second traitor, Stepanov, who, by the way, was only a year older than Lenya Golikov, showed great resourcefulness - at the beginning of 1944, when it became clear that the war was leaning towards the defeat of the Nazis, he went to the partisans, from where he ended up in the regular Soviet Army. In this capacity, he even managed to earn an award and return home as a hero, but in the fall of 1948, retribution overtook Stepanov - he was arrested and sentenced for treason to 25 years in prison with deprivation of state awards.

How the peer of the hero of the "Young Guard" "got younger"

Partisans who survived the last fight detachment, did not forget about their comrades, including Lena.

In March 1944, the chief of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement, a member of the Military Council of the Leningrad Front, Nikitin, signed a new characteristic for the nomination of Lenya Golikov for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 2, 1944, Leonid Aleksandrovich Golikov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) for exemplary performance of command assignments and displayed courage and heroism in battles against the Nazi invaders.

So, there is no doubt about the heroism of Leonid Golikov, and there cannot be, his awards are quite fair and deserved.

But how can Leonid Golikov, who, by the way, is only nine days younger than the legendary Komsomol hero from Molodaya Gvardiya? Oleg Koshevoy, became the "pioneer hero Lenya Golikov."

Oddly enough, the first materials about the exploits of Leonid Golikov spoke of him as a Komsomol member.

Everything was changed by the book of the writer Yuri Korolkov "Partizan Lyonya Golikov", published in the early 1950s. The writer who went through the war as a front-line correspondent, talking about the real exploits of Leonid Golikov, lowered his age by just a couple of years. And from a 16-year-old heroic Komsomol member, a 14-year-old heroic pioneer turned out.

For what it was done, the author knows exactly, who passed away in 1981. Perhaps the writer decided that this would make the feat look brighter.

Memorial sign at the place of Lenya Golikov's feat. Photo: Public Domain

Sister instead of brother

Perhaps, in the All-Union Pioneer Organization, where the creation of a collective image of “pioneer-heroes” was just beginning, they decided that thousands of pioneers who were awarded orders and medals during the war years were not enough, and at least one Hero of the Soviet Union was needed. Recall that Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union much later, in the late 1950s, and only Lyonya Golikov became a Hero back in 1944.

At the same time, everyone who knew the real Leonid Golikov was well aware of the true state of affairs, but believed that a fundamentally similar "inaccuracy" did not change anything.

I must say that even the appearance of the hero was changed to complete the picture. In the only photo of Leonid in the partisan detachment, Golikov appears as a decisive and dashing young man, while in the illustrations that appeared in all pioneer books about Len Golikov, he has an absolutely childish expression on his face.

Where did this image come from? As it turned out, his mother did not keep Leonid's childhood photographs, so when he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the reporters dressed up as a “partisan” ... his younger sister, Lida... It was the image of Lida Golikova that became "Lenya Golikov" for millions of Soviet pioneers.

It is unlikely that those who created the canonical history of Lenya Golikov pursued any selfish goals. They just wanted the best, they believed that in this form the feat of Leonid Golikov would look brighter. It never occurred to them that at the turn of the 1980s-1990s all these "little things" would turn against the hero himself.

So, who voluntarily embarked on the path of an armed struggle against fascism at the age of 15 and died at the age of 16, Leonid Golikov, on formal grounds, cannot be considered a “pioneer-hero”.

Does this in any way diminish his feat? Of course not.

We just need to learn to accept our heroes for who they are, without trying to improve them. After all, the feat of the young Komsomol member Leonid Golikov is no worse than the feat of the pioneer Lenya Golikov.