Russia
Belarus
103rd Guards Airborne Division (abbr. 103 Guards airborne) - an airborne unit that was part of the Airborne Forces of the USSR and Russia and, for a short time, was part of the Armed Forces of Belarus. The division was formed in 1946, as a result of the reorganization of the 103rd Guards. rifle division. In 1993, the division was reorganized into a brigade.
Formation history
In accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of June 3, 1946, the 103rd Guards rifle division was reorganized into the 103rd Guards Red Banner of the Order of Kutuzov 2nd degree airborne as part of: Division Directorate, 317th Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Parachute Regiment, 322nd Guards Order of Kutuzov 2nd degree parachute regiment, 39th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 2nd degree parachute regiment, 15th Guards Artillery Regiment, units and support units. On August 5, 1946, the personnel began combat training according to the plan Airborne troops... The division was soon redeployed to the city of Polotsk.
Combat path of the connection
Major military exercises and plans to use the compound in the event of the outbreak of World War III
In 1970, the division took part in the Brotherhood in Arms exercise in the GDR; in 1972 she took part in the Shield-72 exercises; in 1975, the division's guardsmen were the first in the USSR Airborne Troops to parachute jumps from the An-22 and Il-76 high-speed aircraft; the division also took part in the exercises "Spring-75" and "Vanguard-76". In February 1978, the Berezina combined-arms exercises were held on the territory of Belarus, in which the 103rd Guards Airborne Division also took part. For the first time, paratroopers in full force with equipment and weapons landed from Il-76 aircraft. The actions of the paratroopers during the exercises were highly appreciated by the top Soviet military command.
Composition
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The division was formed in the following composition:
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| 103rd Guards. airborne troops in Afghanistan at Wikimedia Commons |
In accordance with the directive of the General Staff of January 21, 1955, No. org / 2/462396, in order to improve the organization of the Airborne Forces, by April 25, 1955, two regiments remained in the 103rd Guards Airborne Division, it was then that the 322 Guards Guards was disbanded. pdp. In connection with the transfer of the Guards airborne divisions to a new organization and an increase in their number, the following were formed as part of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division: the 133rd separate anti-tank artillery division (numbering 165 people), one of the 1185- 1st artillery regiment of the 11th Guards Airborne Division. The point of deployment is the city of Vitebsk; The 50th separate aeronautical detachment (numbering 73 people), the aeronautical units of the regiments of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division were used. The point of deployment is the city of Vitebsk. ...
Directive General Staff of March 4, 1955, in order to streamline the numbering of military units, from April 30, 1955, the number was changed - the 572th separate self-propelled artillery division of the 103rd guards airborne division into the 62nd separate self-propelled artillery division. On the basis of the order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR of December 29, 1958, No. 0228, seven separate military transport aviation squadrons of the An-2 military transport aviation of the Air Force (100 people each) were transferred to the Airborne Forces. By the directive of the Commander of the Airborne Forces of January 6, 1959, separate military transport aviation squadrons were transferred to the airborne divisions, the 210th separate military transport aviation squadron was transferred to the 103rd Guards Airborne Division.
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| Awards ceremony for officers on the parade ground | At the top of one of the Afghan mountains | The column goes along the mountain Afghan road |
List of commanders
| Rank | Name | Years |
|---|---|---|
| guard colonel | Stepanov, Sergei Prokhorovich | 1944–1945 |
| guard major general | Bochkov, Fedor Fedorovich | 1945–1948 |
| guard major general | Denisenko, Mikhail Ivanovich | 1948–1949 |
| guard colonel | Kozlov, Viktor Georgievich | 1949–1952 |
| guard major general | Popov, Illarion Grigorievich | 1952–1956 |
| guard major general | Aglitsky, Mikhail Pavlovich | 1956–1959 |
| guard colonel | Shkrudnev, Dmitry Grigorievich | 1959–1961 |
| guard colonel | Kobzar, Ivan Vasilievich | 1961–1964 |
| guard major general | Kashnikov, Mikhail Ivanovich | 1964–1968 |
| guard colonel | Yatsenko, Alexander Ivanovich | 1968–1974 |
| guard major general | Makarov, Nikolay Arsenievich | 1974–1976 |
| guard major general | Ryabchenko, Ivan Fedorovich | 1976–1981 |
| guard major general | Slyusar, Albert Evdokimovich | 1981–1984 |
| guard major general | Yarygin, Yurantin Vasilievich | 1984–1985 |
| guard major general | Grachev, Pavel Sergeevich | 1985–1988 |
| guard major general | Bocharov, Evgeny Mikhailovich | 1988–1991 |
| guard colonel | Kalabukhov, Grigory Andreevich | 1991–1992 |
After the collapse of the USSR
Personnel of the 103rd Guards Separate Mobile Brigade during a demonstration performance
On May 20, 1992, by the directive of the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Belarus No. 5/0251, the 103rd Guards Airborne Assault Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov, the division was included in the The armed forces The Republic of Belarus. In 1993, on the basis of the management of the 103rd Guards. Airborne Division was created by the Office of the Mobile Forces of the Republic of Belarus. On the basis of the 317th Guards. PDP - 317th separate mobile brigade. Based on the 350th Guards. PDP - 350th separate mobile brigade. On the basis of the 357th Guards. PDP - 357th separate training mobile battalion. The 1179th artillery regiment of the division was disbanded. At the end of 2002, the military banner of the 103rd Guards was handed over to the 317th separate mobile brigade of the Armed Forces of Belarus. airborne From that moment on, it bears the name 103rd separate mobile brigade (belor. 103rd Guards Asobna Mabilnaya Brygada).
Notable military personnel
- Kirpichenko, Vadim Alekseevich - Lieutenant General, First Deputy Head of the First Main Directorate of the KGB (intelligence). As part of the 103rd Guards. SD in the position of foreman participated in the battles at Lake Balaton in 1945.
see also
- Mobile forces of the Republic of Belarus
Notes (edit)
Literature
Links
| Airborne troops of Russia | ||
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| Composition |
Brigades withdrawn from the Airborne Forces: 11th separate airborne assault 27th guards separate motorized rifle | |
The Great Patriotic War
The division was formed in 1946, as a result of the reorganization of the 103rd Guards. rifle division.
On December 18, 1944, on the basis of the order of the Supreme Command Headquarters, the 103rd Guards Rifle Division began to form on the basis of the 13th Guards Airborne Division.
The division was formed in the city of Bykhov, Mogilev region, Byelorussian SSR. The division arrived here from its former place of deployment - the town of Teykovo, Ivanovo region of the RSFSR. Almost all of the division's officers had significant combat experience. Many of them landed in the rear of the Germans in September 1943 as part of the 3rd Guards Airborne Brigade, providing our troops with the crossing of the Dnieper.
By early January 1945, units of the division were fully equipped with personnel, weapons, military equipment (January 1, 1945 is considered to be the birthday of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division).
She took part in hostilities in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Balaton during the Vienna offensive.
On May 1, the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 26, 1945 on awarding the division with the Orders of the Red Banner and Kutuzov of the 2nd degree was read out to the personnel. 317th and 324th Guards rifle regiments divisions were awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky, and 322nd Guards rifle regiment - Order of Kutuzov, 2nd degree.
On May 12, units of the division entered the Czechoslovak city of Třebo, in the vicinity of which they camped, proceeding to planned combat training. This was the end of the division's participation in the battles against fascism. During the entire period of hostilities, the division destroyed more than 10 thousand Nazis, captured about 6 thousand soldiers and officers.
For their heroism, 3521 servicemen of the division were awarded orders and medals, and five guardsmen were awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union.
Post-war period
By May 9, 1945, the division concentrated near the city of Szeged (Hungary), where it was until the end of the year. By February 10, 1946, she arrived at the site of a new deployment in the Seltsy camp of the Ryazan region.
On June 3, 1946, in accordance with the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the division was reorganized into 103rd Guards Red Banner Order of Kutuzov 2nd degree airborne and had the following composition:
- Division management and headquarters
- 317th Guards Order of Alexander Nevsky Airborne Regiment
- 322nd Guards Order of Kutuzov Parachute Regiment
- 39th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov II degree parachute regiment
- 15th Guards Artillery Regiment
- 116th Separate Guards Anti-Tank Artillery Division
- 105th Separate Guards Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division
- 572nd separate Keletskiy Red Banner self-propelled division
- separate guards training battalion
- 130th separate engineer battalion
- 112th Separate Guards Reconnaissance Company
- 13th Separate Guards Signal Company
- 274th autorot of delivery
- 245th Field Bakery
- 6th separate airborne support company
- 175th separate medical and sanitary company
On August 5, 1946, the personnel began combat training according to the plan of the Airborne Forces. The division was soon redeployed to the city of Polotsk.
In 1955-1956, the 114th Guards Vienna Red Banner Airborne Division was disbanded, which was stationed in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Borovukha station of the Polotsk region. Its two regiments - the 350th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 3rd degree paratrooper regiment and the 357th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 3rd degree parachute regiment - became part of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division. The 322nd Guards Order of Kutuzov 2nd Class Airborne Regiment and the 39th Guards Red Banner Order of Suvorov 2nd Class Airborne Regiment, which had previously been part of the 103rd Airborne Division, were also disbanded.
In accordance with the directive of the General Staff of January 21, 1955 No. org / 2/462396 in order to improve the organization of the Airborne Forces by April 25, 1955 in the 103rd Guards. Airborne divisions left 2 regiments. The 322nd Guards was disbanded. pdp.
In connection with the transfer guards airborne divisions to a new organizational and staff structure and an increase in their number were formed as part of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division:
- 133rd separate anti-tank artillery battalion (numbering 165 people) - one of the divisions of the 1185th artillery regiment of the 11th Guards Airborne Division was used. The point of deployment is the city of Vitebsk.
- 50th separate aeronautical detachment (numbering 73 people) - aeronautical units of the regiments of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division were used. The point of deployment is the city of Vitebsk.
On March 4, 1955, the General Staff issued a Directive on streamlining the numbering of military units. According to her, on April 30, 1955, the serial number was changed. 572nd separate self-propelled artillery battalion 103rd Guards airborne troops on 62nd.
December 29, 1958 on the basis of the order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 0228 7 separate military transport aviation squadrons (ovtae) An-2 VTA aircraft (100 people each) were transferred to the Airborne Forces. According to this order, on January 6, 1959, by the Directive of the Commander of the Airborne Forces in the 103rd Guards. airborne division transferred 210th Separate Military Transport Aviation Squadron (210th ovtae) .
From August 21 to October 20, 1968, the 103rd Guards. The Airborne Division, by order of the government, was on the territory of Czechoslovakia and participated in the armed suppression of the Prague Spring.
Participation in major military exercises
103rd Guards Airborne division participated in the following major exercises:
Participation in the Afghan war
Combat activity of the division
On December 25, 1979, units of the division crossed the Soviet-Afghan border by air and became part of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan.
Throughout its stay on Afghan soil, the division took an active part in military operations of various scale.
For the successful fulfillment of the assigned combat missions in the Republic of Afghanistan, the 103rd Division was awarded the highest state award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin.
The first combat mission assigned to the 103rd Division was Operation Baikal-79 to seize important facilities in Kabul. The operation plan provided for the capture of 17 critical facilities in the Afghan capital. Among them are the buildings of ministries, headquarters, a prison for political prisoners, a radio center and a television center, a post office and a telegraph office. At the same time, it was planned to block the headquarters located in the Afghan capital, military units and formations of the Armed Forces of the DRA with paratroopers and units of the 108th motorized rifle division arriving in Kabul.
From Afghanistan, units of the division were among the last to leave. On February 7, 1989, they crossed the USSR State Border: 317th Guards Airborne Regiment - February 5, Division Management, 357th Guards Airborne Regiment and 1179th Artillery Regiment. The 350th Guards Parachute Regiment was withdrawn on February 12, 1989.
The grouping under the command of Guards Lieutenant Colonel V.M.Voitko, the basis of which was a reinforced 3rd airborne battalion The 357th regiment (commander of the guard, Major Boltikov V.V.), from the end of January to February 14, was on the guard of the Kabul airport.
In early March 1989, the entire personnel of the division returned to the place of their former deployment in the Byelorussian SSR.
Awards for participation in the Afghan war
During afghan war 11 thousand officers, warrant officers, soldiers and sergeants who served in the division were awarded orders and medals:
On the battle banner of the division, the Order of Lenin was added to the Orders of the Red Banner and Kutuzov of the 2nd degree in 1980.
Heroes of the Soviet Union of the 103rd Guards Airborne Division
For courage and heroism shown in the provision of international assistance to the Republic of Afghanistan, by decrees of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the following servicemen of the 103rd Guards were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. airborne division:
Composition of the 103rd Guards. airborne
- Division management
- 317th Guards Parachute Regiment
- 357th Guards Parachute Regiment
- 1179th Guards Red Banner Artillery Regiment
- 62nd separate tank battalion
- 742th Separate Guards Signal Battalion
- 105th Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Division
- 20th separate repair battalion
- 130th Separate Guards Engineer-Sapper Battalion
- 1388th Separate Logistics Battalion
- 115th separate medical and sanitary battalion
- 80th Separate Guards Reconnaissance Company
Note :
- Due to the need to reinforce units of the division 62nd Separate Self-Propelled Artillery Division armed with outdated self-propelled artillery mounts ASU-85, in 1985 it was reorganized into 62nd separate tank battalion and received the T-55AM tanks. With the withdrawal of troops, this military unit was disbanded.
- Since 1982, in the linear regiments of the division, all BMD-1s have been replaced with more protected and more powerful BMP-2 weapons, which have a large motor resource
- As unnecessary in all regiments were disbanded airborne support companies
- 609th separate airborne support battalion in Afghanistan in December 1979 was not introduced
Division in the period after the withdrawal from Afghanistan and before the collapse of the USSR
Business trip to Transcaucasia
In January 1990, due to the difficult situation in Transcaucasia, from the Soviet army were reassigned to the Border Troops of the KGB of the USSR 103rd Guards Airborne Division and the 75th motorized rifle division. IN combat mission these units were reinforced with units border troops guarding the State border of the USSR with Iran and Turkey. The units were subordinate to the PV KGB of the USSR in the period from January 4, 1990 to August 28, 1991. ...
Moreover, from the 103rd Guards. airborne troops were excluded 1179th artillery regiment of the division, and .
It should be noted that the re-subordination of the division to another department caused ambiguous assessments in the leadership of the USSR Armed Forces:
I must say that the 103rd division is one of the most honored in the airborne troops. She has a glorious history dating back to the times of the Great Patriotic War... Never and nowhere did the division lose its dignity and in post-war time... Glorious fighting traditions have steadfastly lived in it. This is probably why in December 1979 the division of V. was one of the first to enter Afghanistan and one of the last to leave it in February 1989. The officers and soldiers of the division clearly fulfilled their duty to the Motherland. During these nine years, the division fought almost continuously. Hundreds and thousands of its servicemen were awarded government awards, more than ten people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, including generals: A. Ye. Slyusar, P. S. Grachev, Lieutenant Colonel A. N. Siluyanov. It was a normal, tough airborne division with no finger in its mouth. After the end of the war in Afghanistan, the division returned to its native Vitebsk, in fact, to a broken trough. In almost ten years, a lot of water has flowed under the bridge. The barracks housing stock was transferred to other parts. The landfills were plundered and seriously dilapidated. The division on the home side was greeted by a picture reminiscent, in the apt expression of General DS Sukhorukov, "an old village cemetery with lopsided crosses." The division (just out of action) faced an impenetrable wall of social problems. There were "smart heads" who, using the growing tension in society, proposed an unconventional move - to transfer the division to the Committee state security... No division, no problem. And ... they passed it on, creating a situation where the division was no longer "VED", but not yet "KGB". That is, it has become of no use to anyone. "You ate two rabbits, I have neither, but on average one each." Military officers were turned into clowns. Green caps, green shoulder straps, blue vests, symbols on caps, shoulder straps and chest - landing. In the people, such a wild mixture of forms aptly dubbed "the conductor".
Participation of parts of the 103rd Guards. Airborne Division in the re-formation of the 105th Guards. airborne
March-April 1991 1179th Guards. an, 609th separate airborne support battalion and 105th Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Division were redeployed to Fergana of the Uzbek SSR to be included in the 105th Guards Airborne Division of the second formation, which was also supposed to include the 387th separate training paratrooper regiment, the 35th and 56th separate guards airborne assault brigades.
Division after the collapse of the USSR
On May 20, 1992, by directive of the Minister of Defense of the Republic of Belarus No. 5/0251, the 103rd Guards Airborne Order of Lenin, Red Banner, Order of Kutuzov, the division was included in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
In 1993, based on the management of the 103rd Guards. airborne division was created Directorate of the Mobile Forces of the Republic of Belarus whose successor at this historical stage is the Special Operations Forces of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus.
- 317th Guards. PDP - 317th separate mobile brigade
- 350th Guards. PDP - 350th separate mobile brigade
- 357th Guards. PDP - 357th separate mobile training battalion
Late 2002 317th separate mobile brigade The military banner was handed over to the Armed Forces of Belarus 103rd Guards airborne... From that moment on, it bears the name 103rd separate mobile brigade (belor. 103rd Guards Asobna Mabilnaya Brygada)
August 2, 2016 103rd Separate Guards Mobile Brigade was renamed to 103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade.
List of commanders
| Rank | Name | Years | |
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| guard colonel | Stepanov, Sergei Prokhorovich | 1944–1945 | |
| guard major general | Bochkov, Fedor Fedorovich | 1945–1948 | |
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guard major general | Denisenko, Mikhail Ivanovich | 1948–1949 |
| guard colonel | Kozlov, Viktor Georgievich | 1949–1952 | |
| guard major general | Popov, Illarion Grigorievich | 1952–1956 | |
| guard major general | Aglitsky, Mikhail Pavlovich | 1956–1959 | |
| guard colonel | Shkrudnev, Dmitry Grigorievich | 1959–1961 | |
| guard colonel | Kobzar, Ivan Vasilievich | 1961–1964 | |
| guard major general | Kashnikov, Mikhail Ivanovich | 1964–1968 | |
| guard major general | Yatsenko, Alexander Ivanovich | 1968–1974 | |
| guard major general | Makarov, Nikolay Arsenievich | 1974–1976 | |
| guard major general | Ryabchenko, Ivan Fedorovich | 1976–1981 | |
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guard major general | Slyusar, Albert Evdokimovich | 1981–1984 |
| guard major general | Yarygin, Yurantin Vasilievich | 1984–1985 | |
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guard major general | Grachev, Pavel Sergeevich | 1985–1988 |
| guard major general | Bocharov, Evgeny Mikhailovich | 1988–1991 | |
| guard colonel | Kalabukhov, Grigory Andreevich | 1991–1992 |
Personnel who served in the 103rd Guards. airborne
see also
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Excerpt characterizing the 103rd Guards Airborne Division
But the still sea suddenly rises. It seems to diplomats that they, their disagreements, are the reason for this new pressure of forces; they expect war between their sovereigns; the situation seems insoluble to them. But the wave, the rise of which they feel, rushes not from where they expect it. The same wave rises from the same starting point of movement - Paris. The last spurt of the movement from the west is taking place; a splash that should resolve seemingly insoluble diplomatic difficulties and put an end to the belligerent movement of this period.The man who devastated France, alone, without conspiracy, without soldiers, comes to France. Every watchman can take it; but, by a strange coincidence, not only does no one take, but everyone greeted with delight the person who was cursed a day ago and will be cursed in a month.
This man is still needed to justify the last collective action.
The action is complete. The last role has been played. The actor is told to undress and wash off the antimony and blush: he will no longer be needed.
And several years pass in the fact that this man, alone on his island, plays in front of himself a miserable comedy, petty intrigues and lies, justifying his actions, when an excuse is no longer needed, and shows the whole world what it was, what people took for strength when an invisible hand led them.
The manager, after finishing the drama and undressing the actor, showed him to us.
- Look what you believed! Here it is! Do you see now that it was not he, but I who moved you?
But, blinded by the force of the movement, people did not understand this for a long time.
The life of Alexander I, the person who stood at the head of the opposition movement from east to west, presents an even greater consistency and necessity.
What is needed for that person who, overshadowing others, would stand at the head of this movement from east to west?
A sense of justice is needed, participation in European affairs, but distant, not obscured by petty interests; you need the predominance of moral heights over comrades - the sovereigns of that time; a gentle and attractive personality is needed; a personal insult against Napoleon is needed. And all this is in Alexander I; all this was prepared by the countless so-called accidents of his entire past life: and education, and liberal undertakings, and surrounding advisers, and Austerlitz, and Tilsit, and Erfurt.
During people's war this face is inactive, because it is not needed. But how soon is the need for general european war, this face at the moment is in its place and, uniting the European peoples, leads them to the goal.
The goal has been achieved. After last war 1815 Alexander is at the pinnacle of possible human power. How does he use it?
Alexander I, the pacifier of Europe, a man who, from a young age, strived only for the good of his peoples, the first instigator of liberal innovations in his fatherland, now, when it seems that he possesses the greatest power and therefore the opportunity to do the good of his peoples, while Napoleon is in exile makes childish and deceitful plans about how he would make humanity happy if he had power, Alexander I, having fulfilled his calling and feeling the hand of God on himself, suddenly recognizes the nullity of this imaginary power, turns away from it, transfers it into the hands of those despised by him and despicable people and only says:
- "Not for us, not for us, but for your name!" I am a person just like you; leave me to live as a person and think about my soul and about God.
As the sun and each atom of the ether is a ball, complete in itself and at the same time only an atom inaccessible to man in terms of the enormity of the whole, so each person carries his own goals in himself and at the same time carries them in order to serve common goals inaccessible to man ...
A bee sitting on a flower stung a child. And the child is afraid of bees and says that the purpose of the bee is to sting people. The poet admires a bee digging into a flower's calyx and says that the purpose of the bee is to absorb the scent of flowers. The beekeeper, noticing that the bee collects flower dust and brings it to the hive, says that the purpose of the bee is to collect honey. Another beekeeper, having studied the life of the swarm more closely, says that the bee collects dust for feeding the young bees and raising the queen, that its purpose is to reproduce. The botanist notices that, flying with the dust of a dioecious flower onto the pistil, the bee fertilizes it, and the botanist sees the purpose of the bee in this. Another, observing the transmigration of plants, sees that the bee is contributing to this transmigration, and this new observer can say that this is the purpose of the bee. But the ultimate goal of the bee is not limited to either one or the other or the third goal that the human mind is able to open. The higher the human mind rises in the discovery of these goals, the more obvious it is for him the inaccessibility of the ultimate goal.
Man can only observe the correspondence of the bee's life with other phenomena of life. The same with the goals of historical persons and peoples.
The wedding of Natasha, who married Bezukhov in the 13th year, was the last joyful event in the old Rostov family. In the same year, Count Ilya Andreevich died, and, as always happens, with his death the old family fell apart.
Events last year: the fire of Moscow and the flight from it, the death of Prince Andrei and Natasha's despair, the death of Petya, the grief of the countess - all this, like blow after blow, fell on the head of the old count. He seemed not to understand and felt unable to understand the meaning of all these events and, morally bending his old head, as if expecting and asking for new blows that would end him. He seemed now frightened and confused, now unnaturally lively and adventurous.
Natasha's wedding temporarily occupied him with its outer side. He ordered lunches, dinners and, apparently, wanted to appear cheerful; but his joy was not communicated, as before, but, on the contrary, aroused compassion in people who knew and loved him.
After Pierre and his wife left, he calmed down and began to complain of melancholy. A few days later he fell ill and went to bed. From the first days of his illness, despite the consolations of the doctors, he realized that he would not get up. The Countess, without undressing, spent two weeks in an armchair at his head. Whenever she gave him medicine, he sobbed silently kissed her hand. On the last day, sobbing, he asked forgiveness from his wife and from his son in absentia for ruining the estate - the main guilt he felt for himself. Having received communion and singing out, he quietly died, and the next day a crowd of acquaintances who had come to pay their last debt to the deceased filled the Rostovs' rented apartment. All these acquaintances, who had dined and danced with him so many times, had laughed at him so many times, now all with the same feeling of inner reproach and affection, as if justifying themselves to someone, said: “Yes, there, anyway, but the most beautiful one was person. You won't find such people today ... But who doesn't have their own weaknesses? .. "
It was at the time when the count's affairs were so confused that it was impossible to imagine how it would all end if it continued for another year, he suddenly died.
Nikolai was with the Russian troops in Paris when the news of his father's death came to him. He immediately resigned and, without waiting for her, took leave and came to Moscow. The state of monetary affairs a month after the death of the count became completely clear, surprising everyone with the enormity of the amount of various small debts, the existence of which no one even suspected. There were twice as many debts as the estates.
Relatives and friends advised Nikolai to abandon the inheritance. But Nikolai saw in the rejection of the inheritance an expression of reproach to the sacred memory of his father and therefore did not want to hear about the rejection and accepted the inheritance with the obligation to pay debts.
The creditors, who had been silent for so long, being tied during the count's life by that vague but powerful influence that his dissolute kindness had on them, suddenly all filed for recovery. There was, as always happens, competition - who will receive first - and the very people who, like Mitenka and others, had money-free bills of exchange - gifts, were now the most demanding creditors. Nicholas was not given any time or rest, and those who, apparently, felt sorry for the old man who was the culprit of their loss (if there were any losses), now mercilessly attacked the apparently innocent young heir before them, who voluntarily took upon himself the payment.
None of Nicholas’s supposed turnovers succeeded; the estate was sold at half price, and half of the debts remained unpaid. Nikolai took the thirty thousand offered to him by his son-in-law Bezukhov to pay that part of the debts, which he recognized as monetary, real debts. And so that for the remaining debts not to be planted in a pit, with which creditors threatened him, he again entered the service.
It was impossible to go to the army, where he was in the first vacancy of the regimental commander, because the mother was now clinging to her son as the last bait of life; and therefore, despite his unwillingness to remain in Moscow with people who knew him before, despite his disgust for civil service, he took a job in Moscow in the civil service and, having removed his favorite uniform, settled with his mother and Sonya in a small apartment, in Sivtsev Vrazhka.
Natasha and Pierre lived at that time in St. Petersburg, without a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe situation of Nicholas. Nikolai, having borrowed money from his son-in-law, tried to hide his plight from him. Nikolai's position was especially bad because with his thousand two hundred rubles of his salary, he not only had to support himself, Sonya and his mother, but he had to support his mother so that she would not notice that they were poor. The countess could not understand the possibility of life without the conditions of luxury familiar to her from childhood and constantly, not understanding how difficult it was for her son, she demanded that the crew, which they did not have, to send for a friend, then expensive food for herself and wine for son, then money to make a surprise gift to Natasha, Sonya and the same Nikolai.
Sonya ran the household, looked after her aunt, read to her aloud, endured her whims and concealed reluctance, and helped Nikolai hide from the old countess the state of need they were in. Nikolai felt himself indebted to Sonya for everything she did for his mother, admired her patience and devotion, but tried to distance himself from her.
In his soul he seemed to reproach her for being too perfect, and for the fact that there was nothing to reproach her with. She had everything that people are valued for; but there was not enough to make him love her. And he felt that the more he appreciated, the less he loved her. He caught her at her word, in her letter, with which she gave him freedom, and now he behaved with her as if everything that had been between them had long been forgotten and in no case could be repeated.
Nikolai's position was getting worse and worse. The thought of saving from my salary turned out to be a dream. He not only did not postpone, but, satisfying the requirements of his mother, he owed on trifles. There was no way out of his position. The idea of \u200b\u200bmarrying a wealthy heiress, which his relatives suggested to him, was repugnant to him. Another way out of his position - the death of his mother - never crossed his mind. He desired nothing, hoped for nothing; and in the very depths of his soul he experienced a gloomy and stern pleasure in the submissive transfer of his position. He tried to avoid his former acquaintances with their condolences and offers of insulting help, avoided any distraction and entertainment, even at home he did nothing except lay out cards with his mother, silent walks around the room and smoking pipe after pipe. He seemed to diligently observe in himself that gloomy mood of spirit in which alone he felt himself able to endure his position.
At the beginning of winter, Princess Marya arrived in Moscow. From the city rumors, she learned about the position of the Rostovs and how “the son sacrificed himself for his mother,” so they said in the city.
“I didn’t expect anything else from him,” Princess Marya said to herself, feeling the joyful confirmation of her love for him. Remembering her friendly and almost kinship relationship with the whole family, she considered it her duty to go to them. But, remembering her relationship with Nikolai in Voronezh, she was afraid of this. Having made a great effort on herself, however, a few weeks after her arrival in the city, she came to the Rostovs.
Nicholas was the first to meet her, since the only way to get to the Countess was through his room. At the first glance at her, Nikolai's face, instead of an expression of joy that Princess Marya expected to see on him, took on an expression of coldness, dryness and pride that had never been seen before. Nikolai asked about her health, took her to her mother and, after sitting for five minutes, left the room.
When the princess was leaving the countess, Nicholas again greeted her, and especially solemnly and dryly escorted her to the hall. He did not reply a word to her remarks about the countess's health. “What do you care? Leave me alone, ”said his gaze.
- And what's hanging around? What does she want? I hate these ladies and all these courtesies! - he said out loud in front of Sonya, apparently unable to restrain his annoyance, after the princess's carriage drove away from the house.
- Oh, how can you say that, Nicolas! - said Sonya, barely hiding her joy. - She is so kind and maman loves her so much.
Nikolai did not answer and would like not to talk more about the princess at all. But since her visit, the old countess spoke of her several times every day.
The Countess praised her, demanded that her son go to her, expressed a desire to see her more often, but at the same time she always became out of sorts when she talked about her.
Nikolai tried to remain silent when his mother spoke of the princess, but his silence irritated the countess.
“She is a very dignified and beautiful girl,” she said, “and you need to visit her. All the same, you will see someone; otherwise you are bored, I think, with us.
- Yes, I do not wish, mamma.
- I wanted to see, but now I don’t want to. I really don't understand you, my dear. Now you are bored, then you suddenly do not want to see anyone.
- Yes, I did not say that I was bored.
- Why, you yourself said that you do not want to see her. She is a very dignified girl and you have always liked her; and now suddenly some reasons. They hide everything from me.
- Yes, not at all, mamma.
- If I asked you to do something unpleasant, otherwise I ask you to go and pay a visit. It seems that courtesy demands ... I asked you and now I no longer interfere when you have secrets from your mother.
- Yes, I'll go if you want.
- I do not care; I wish for you.
Nikolai sighed, biting his mustache, and laid out the cards, trying to divert his mother's attention to another object.
On the next, on the third and on the fourth day, the same conversation was repeated.
After her visit to the Rostovs and that unexpected, cold reception given to her by Nikolai, Princess Marya admitted to herself that she was right not wanting to go first to the Rostovs.
“I didn’t expect anything else,” she told herself, calling on her pride for help. "I have nothing to do with him, and I just wanted to see an old woman who was always kind to me and to whom I owe a lot."
But she could not calm down with these considerations: a feeling akin to remorse tormented her when she recalled her visit. Despite the fact that she firmly resolved not to go to the Rostovs anymore and to forget all this, she felt incessantly in an uncertain position. And when she asked herself what it was that tormented her, she had to admit that it was her relationship to Rostov. His cold, courteous tone did not stem from his feelings for her (she knew that), but this tone covered something. This was something she needed to be explained; and until then she felt that she could not be at peace.
In the middle of winter, she was sitting in the classroom, watching her nephew's lessons, when they came to report Rostov's arrival. With a firm decision not to betray her secret and not to show her embarrassment, she invited m lle Bourienne and went with her into the living room.
At the first glance at Nikolai's face, she saw that he had come only to fulfill his duty of courtesy, and she decided to hold fast in the very tone in which he would address her.
They talked about the countess's health, about mutual acquaintances, about latest news war, and when those ten minutes required by propriety had passed, after which the guest could get up, Nikolai got up, saying goodbye.
The princess, with the help of m lle Bourienne, handled the conversation very well; but at the very last minute, while he was getting up, she was so tired of talking about things that she didn’t care about, and the thought of why she alone was given so little joy in life, so engrossed her that she In a fit of absent-mindedness, staring forward her radiant eyes, she sat motionless, not noticing that he had risen.
Nikolay looked at her and, wanting to pretend that he did not notice her absent-mindedness, said a few words to m lle Bourienne and again glanced at the princess. She sat just as motionless, and suffering was expressed on her gentle face. He suddenly felt sorry for her and vaguely imagined that maybe he was the cause of the sadness that was expressed on her face. He wanted to help her, to tell her something pleasant; but he couldn't think of anything to say to her.
“Farewell, princess,” he said. She came to her senses, flushed and sighed heavily.
“Oh, it's my fault,” she said, as if waking up. “You’re on your way, Count; well, goodbye! What about the Countess's pillow?
“Wait, I'll bring it in now,” said m lle Bourienne, and left the room.
Both were silent, occasionally glancing at each other.
“Yes, princess,” Nikolai finally said, smiling sadly, “it seems recently, but how much water has flowed under the bridge since we first met in Bogucharovo. How we all seemed in misfortune - and I would give dearly to turn this time back ... but you can't turn it back.
The princess gazed into his eyes with her radiant gaze as he said this. She seemed to be trying to understand the secret meaning of his words, which would explain his feelings for her to her.
“Yes, yes,” she said, “but you have nothing to regret the past, Count. As I understand your life now, you will always remember it with pleasure, because the selflessness that you live now ...
“I do not accept your praise,” he interrupted her hastily, “on the contrary, I reproach myself incessantly; but this is a completely uninteresting and gloomy conversation.
And again his gaze took on the same dry and cold expression. But the princess had already seen in him the same person whom she knew and loved, and now she spoke only with this person.
“I thought you'd let me tell you that,” she said. “We have become so close to you… and to your family, and I thought that you would not deem my participation inappropriate; but I was wrong, ”she said. Her voice suddenly faltered. “I don’t know why,” she continued, recovering, “you were different before and ...
- There are thousands of reasons why (he emphasized the word why). Thank you, princess, ”he said quietly. - Sometimes it's hard.
“So that's why! Here's why! - said the inner voice in the soul of Princess Marya. - No, I'm not the only one that cheerful, kind and open look, I fell in love with more than one beautiful appearance in him; I guessed his noble, firm, selfless soul, she told herself. - Yes, he is now poor, and I am rich ... Yes, only from this ... Yes, if it had not been ... ”And, remembering his former tenderness and now looking at his kind and sad face, she suddenly understood the reason for his coldness.
- Why, Count, why? - suddenly she almost cried out involuntarily, moving towards him. - Why, tell me? You have to say. - He was silent. “I don’t know why yours, Count,” she continued. - But it's hard for me, for me ... I confess this to you. You want to deprive me of my former friendship for something. And it hurts me. - She had tears in her eyes and in her voice. - I had so little happiness in life that any loss is hard for me ... Excuse me, goodbye. - She suddenly burst into tears and left the room.
- Princess! wait, for God's sake, ”he cried, trying to stop her. - Princess!
She looked around. For several seconds they silently looked into each other's eyes, and the distant, the impossible suddenly became close, possible and inevitable.
……
In the fall of 1814, Nikolai married Princess Marya and with his wife, mother and Sonya moved to live in Lysye Gory.
At the age of three, without selling his wife's estate, he paid off the remaining debts and, having received a small inheritance from his deceased cousin, paid the debt to Pierre.
Three years later, by 1820, Nikolai arranged his financial affairs in such a way that he bought a small estate near the Bald Mountains and negotiated the purchase of his father's Otradny, which was his favorite dream.
Having begun to manage out of necessity, he soon became so addicted to the economy that it became for him a favorite and almost exclusive occupation. Nicholas was a simple owner, he did not like innovations, especially English ones, which were then in vogue, he laughed at theoretical essays on farming, did not like factories, expensive industries, expensive crops, and generally did not deal with any part of the economy separately. He always had only one property before his eyes, and not some separate part of it. In the estate, the main object was not nitrogen and oxygen, which are in the soil and air, not a special plow and land, but that main tool, through which nitrogen, and oxygen, and land, and a plow - that is, a peasant worker - act. When Nikolai took up the farm and began to delve into its various parts, the peasant especially attracted his attention; the peasant seemed to him not only a tool, but also a target and a judge. At first he looked at the peasant, trying to understand what he needed, what he considered bad and good, and only pretended to give orders and orders, in essence he was only learning from the peasants and techniques, and speeches, and judgments about what was good and which is bad. And only when he understood the tastes and aspirations of the peasant, he learned to speak his speech and understand the secret meaning of his speech, when he felt himself akin to him, only then did he begin to boldly manage him, that is, to perform in relation to the peasants the very position, the execution of which it was required of him. And Nikolai's farm brought the most brilliant results.
Flag of the Airborne Forces 103 Guards. VDD. On this page you will learn the history of the Vitebsk paratroopers, as well as the fact that the famous division is now called the 103 mobile brigade.
Characteristics
- 103 Guards VDD
- 103 Guards VDD
- Vitebsk
- military unit 07197
Flag of the Airborne Forces 103 Guards. VDD
Absolutely all units of the Airborne Forces deserve immense respect for their fortitude and ability to perform tasks in the most difficult terrain conditions and fierce enemy resistance. But among all the legendary units and subunits, there are those that can be talked about for a very long time and that the paratroopers can be especially proud of. Without a doubt, 103 Guards. VDD from this number.
103rd Vitebsk Division in the airborne forces USSR
In June 1946 in place of 103 guards division an airborne division is formed. The initial composition of the compound included: 39 Guards. PDP, 317 Guards. PDP and 322 Guards. PDP, as well as 15 Guards. artillery regiment, support and support units.
In the mid-50s, the 114th Airborne Division was disbanded, of which 350 Guards. airborne regiment and 357 guards. PDPs are transferred to the Vitebsk Airborne Division. These regiments replace the 39th and 322nd Airborne Regiments, which were disbanded.
The "Prague Spring" of 1968 was a test for the paratroopers. Fulfilling the task of the Soviet government and the command of the Airborne Forces, the soldiers of the 103 division showed themselves very worthy, not shaming the colors of the Airborne Forces.
Afghanistan
Operation Baikal-79, which became the first combat mission soviet troops in Afghanistan largely fell on the shoulders of the 103rd Guards Division of the Airborne Forces. The division's operational plans included 17 key targets that needed to be captured and held. The assault on Amin's palace - the famous Taj Bek fortress - is best known for a wide range of people interested in the war in the DRA. Vadim Alekseevich Kirpichenko led the assault, and the Vitebsk paratroopers played the main role.
Perhaps, in all the Armed Forces of the USSR there was no other such division that participated in so many official and unofficial command operations. Every minute the units of the Vitebsk division: 350 PDP, 357 PDP, 317 PDP were ready to leave their place of permanent deployment and go to any point of this mountainous and desert country. One could be sure of one thing - where our troops were, there was victory.
Almost 10 years spent in Afghanistan gave the country many heroes. About 11 thousand paratroopers of the division were awarded combat medals and orders, 7 soldiers and commanders were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Among the last were the paratroopers of the division and left Afghanistan. Having deployed the Battle Banners, on February 5, 1989, he crossed the Soviet border with the 317th Guards. parachute regiment, February 7 - 357 airborne regiment and February 12 - 350 infantry regiment. Until February 14, the airfield in Kabul was guarded by a consolidated unit based on a battalion of 357 infantry regiment.
103 separate mobile brigade - successor to the division
Since May 20, 1992, the 103rd Airborne Division (commander - Grigory Andreevich Kalabukhov) is part of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus. The command of the Belarusian Armed Forces decided to restructure the army on a brigade basis. As a result, on the basis of the division's command and control, the Directorate of the Mobile Forces of the Republic of Belarus was created (at the moment it is transformed into special operations). 317 infantry regiment was reorganized into 317 mobile brigade, and 350 airborne regiment - into 350 mobile brigade. It was decided to transform 357 infantry regiments into 357 battalion (separate training). The artillery regiment and other units were withdrawn from the division back in 1990-1991.
In 2002, the 317th mobile brigade received the Battle Banner of the 103rd Guards. VDD and receives the name 103 separate mobile brigade. Today, the Guards independent 103 mobile brigade is an excellently prepared unit that continues the traditions of its predecessor. The 103rd brigade Vitebsk is still ready to go into battle at any moment if the enemy crosses the borders of the Republic of Belarus.
By latest information, presumably in 2014-2015, the 103 mobile brigade will leave Vitebsk, relocating to another garrison on the territory of Belarus.
Over the years through 103 airborne division and her successor was many thousands of brave paratroopers who showed what real warriors should be like.
The ATTORNEY is, first of all, a great hard worker. And, I note, not everyone can withstand constant training, field trips, parachute jumps. However, for the village guys who serve in the 103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade, all this has already become the norm. On the eve of the Day of Paratroopers and Special Operations Forces, the SG correspondent visited this military unit in Vitebsk.
A native of the village of Dyagovichi, Krichevsky district, senior lieutenant Ivan Yartsev dreamed of becoming a paratrooper from the seventh grade - after he first watched the legendary action movie "In the zone of special attention". True, Ivan's mother had other plans: she saw her son as a doctor, and after nine classes she sent him to the Mogilev regional lyceum No. 4 in Krichev, where the guy studied chemistry and biology in depth for two years. However, having received a certificate, he applied not to medical University, and at the combined arms faculty of the Military Academy. For the family, this was a slight shock, but in the end the parents resigned themselves to the choice of their son.
During his studies, Ivan had the chance to attend an internship in the 103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade. So chance helped
make your teenage dream come true.
Senior Lieutenant Ivan YARTSEV.
From the very first day, the trainee was in the thick of the daily combat life of the unit:
- Trainings on hand-to-hand combat, work with weapons, field trips - everything was very interesting. But the biggest impression was made by the parachute jump. I liked it so much that when it came time to choose where to go according to distribution, I did not think for a long time.
Senior Lieutenant Yartsev has been serving in the brigade for three years, made ten parachute jumps, three of them on the water. This, by the way, is one of the most difficult landings, since at an altitude of 200-300 meters above the ground, you need to gradually unfasten from the harness so that the canopy does not cover the parachutist and does not drag to the bottom.
Before the real jump, the paratroopers train to land correctly.
IN GENERAL, before making their first jump, military personnel undergo thorough training. First, they study the theory in detail, after which the ground elements of the jump, actions during the descent and the correct landing on various objects: houses, trees, power lines, lakes, and so on are practiced at the airborne complex. Each movement must be brought to automatism - there will be no officer in the sky who will tell you how to do everything correctly.
- Even the smallest misstep in the sky, where everything is decided by a split second, can become a serious threat to life,- says Ivan Yartsev. - Therefore, we train all day.
Before departure, it is also necessary to undergo an in-depth medical examination. Doctors pay special attention to the musculoskeletal system, as fighters jump with weapons and in full uniform, and this is extra weight, which increases the rate of decline. To understand the sensations
paratrooper, imagine that you are jumping from the second floor, taking an additional 20-kilogram load on your shoulders.
Junior Sergeant Sergei LYSENKOV.
Junior Sergeant Sergei Lysenkov recalls his first jump:
- It was in February. We climbed 800 meters by helicopter. Honestly, at the moment of the jump I just closed my eyes and didn't think about anything: I heard the command and went. I fly and hear - the counter is bursting. I count down another three seconds and finally feel: the dome is opening. Aligned with the wind to land oncollection point, and already closer to the ground brought the legs to the correct position.
Thereafter, a native of the village of Zhilichi, Kirovsky district, twice jumped with a parachute. After the service, the junior sergeant is going to stay in the brigade under the contract: firstly, he has good prospects here, and secondly, Sergei wants to extend the family dynasty - his grandfather once served in Brest in the 38th separate air assault brigade, and two older brothers repaid their debt to the Motherland in the 5th separate brigade special purpose, which is based in Maryina Gorka.
Private Aleksey SOROKIN is equally fond of both aerial and ground vehicles.
Private Aleksey Sorokin from the agricultural town of Borkovichi in the Verkhnedvinsky region, to whom the army has already given a lot of useful things, has similar thoughts. For eight months of service, the guy pulled physical fitness, expanded his knowledge in technology and even took part in the parade on Independence Day:
- He was the driver of the BTR-70M-B1 - an upgraded version of the BTR-70. Before that, they trained hard for five weeks. I confess, it was hard, but when I moved in a column, I was filled with pride for the country and joy that I got into the paratroopers. 
Recruit Roman SERGEEV.
And HERE Private Roman Sergeev from Orsha is just getting used to the service of a paratrooper. He entered the army only two and a half months ago, however, and during this short time he has already discovered a lot of interesting things:
- I liked going through the psychological strip. Our group had to find important documents in the broken column of equipment. And this had to be done under the continuous fire of a conditional enemy, firing at us from machine guns and guns. Everything looked so natural that the commanders even had to cheer some of the soldiers.
Senior Lieutenant Yartsev explains that the psychological streak helps young soldiers develop the skills and emotional resilience they might need in a real battle. But for the sake of this never to happen, and comprehends today a difficult military science the entire personnel of the 103rd Separate Guards Airborne Brigade. They understand that their main task is a peaceful sky over the country.