When did the city change its name and did the deputies of the local council really decide to rename it again? For years, the debate about whether it is worth returning to the cities their old names, which they received in Soviet times or before the revolution, have not abated. Many cities in Russia have several names, a special place among them is occupied by the hero city, the regional center and the millionaire Volgograd.The city of Stalingrad (until 1925 - Tsaritsyn, from 1961 - Volgograd), regional center in Russian Federation... Located along the right bank of the Volga River, at the confluence of the Tsaritsa River. The population in 1939 was 445 thousand people (in 1983 - 962 thousand people). Large industrial, transport and cultural Center Lower Volga region. By 1941, over 200 industrial enterprises operated in the city, including the largest ones - the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, metallurgical plant "Red October", machine-building plant "Barricades". From the beginning of the war, industry switched to the production of military products. In October 1941, the construction of defensive lines began. On October 23, the City Defense Committee was formed, headed by the 1st Secretary of the Regional and City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks A.S. Chuyanov; from the workers of the city and region formed a corps militia.
In the summer of 1942, with the beginning of the offensive of the Nazi troops on the left flank of the Soviet-German front (Donbass operation of 1942), Stalingrad became a front-line city (martial law was introduced on July 14). The city underwent the first massive raid by fascist German aviation on the night of April 23, then the raids became systematic. On July 12, the Stalingrad Front was created, and the Stalingrad Corps Air Defense District became part of it. On July 17, the Battle of Stalingrad began in 1942-43. In August, fighting broke out on the outer defensive line. On August 23, fascist German troops broke through to the Volga north of Stalingrad. Workers, the city militia, units of the NKVD troops, sailors of the Volga military flotilla, cadets of military schools rose to the defense of the city. On the same day, the fascist German aviation subjected the city to a barbaric bombardment, having made about two thousand sorties (90 aircraft were shot down - check it out!); over 40 thousand people died, over 150 thousand people. wounded, massive fires began, from the destroyed oil storage facilities in the northern part of the city, burning oil flowed into the Volga (flame height 200 m), setting fire to steamboats, barges, and pier. In difficult conditions, the evacuation of the population and enterprises took place, several special crossings were built across the Volga (in August-September, up to 300 thousand people were taken out). The ships of the military flotilla, the shipping companies of the Nizhnevolzhsky and Volgotanker took part in the supply of troops and the hostilities. On August 25, a state of siege was introduced in Stalingrad. On September 12, fascist German troops approached the city from the west and southwest, and fierce street battles began. On October 15, the enemy went to the Volga in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tractor plant in a zuko area, on November 11 - to the south of the Barrikady plant. Soviet troops (62nd and 64th armies) heroically held positions in the city along the banks of the Volga and part of the dominant height of the Mamayev Kurgan. Throughout the entire Stalingrad battle in the southern part of the city, held by Soviet troops, the repair of tanks at the shipyard did not stop, the Stalingrad State District Power Plant supplied electricity. On November 19, 1942, the Soviet counter-offensive began at Stalingrad. In January 1943, the Nazi troops in the city were defeated. On January 31, the commander of the 6th german army Field Marshal F. Paulus, who was with his headquarters in the basement of the Central Department Store (there is a memorial plaque on the building). On February 2, the last Nazi units surrendered.
In the course of 143-day battles, fascist German aviation dropped about 1 million bombs weighing 100 thousand tons on Stalingrad (5 times more than on London during the entire war). In total, the Nazi troops dropped over 3 million bombs, mines and artillery shells on the city. About 42 thousand buildings (85% of the housing stock) were destroyed, all cultural institutions, industrial. enterprises, municipal facilities.
In April and May 1943, the State Defense Committee decided to restore the tractor plant, the Barrikady and Krasny Oktyabr factories. By decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (May 1943), the restoration of the city began, in which the whole country participated and during which the Cherkasov movement was born. By May, the city's population reached 107 thousand people (32 thousand people - in February), by September 1 - over 210 thousand. In 1943, 80 thousand workers and specialists arrived at the factories and construction sites of Stalingrad. Over 1.5 million bombs, mines, and shells have been neutralized on the territory of the city. By May 1945, about 90% of the production capacity was restored. In April 1945, a general plan for the restoration of the city was developed (architect K. S. Halabyan). In August 1945, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution "On strengthening the construction of housing and restoring the center of Stalingrad," a special head office was created under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR - Glavstalingradstroy. In 1940-50. the city has been completely restored. In 1949, the city's industry reached its pre-war level.
The most famous historical monuments associated with the events of 1942-43: Mass graves with the Eternal Flame on the Square of the Fallen Fighters and the Mamayev Kurgan, where the memorial ensemble was built; Mass grave of soldiers of the 62nd Army; House of Soldiers' Glory ("Pavlov's House"); front line of defense soviet troops as of November 19, 1942 it is marked in the city with 17 tank towers on pedestals. In 1982 the Panorama Museum "Battle of Stalingrad" was opened. In December 1942, the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" was instituted, which was awarded to 750 thousand people. For the heroic struggle in the years Civil War the city was awarded the Honorary Revolutionary Red Banner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (1919) and the Order of the Red Banner (1924). Since May 1, 1945, Stalingrad has been a hero city. In 1965 awarded the order Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
How many times has Volgograd been renamed?
Volgograd was renamed twice. This city was founded in 1589 and was first called Tsaritsyn, because it was originally located on an island on the Tsaritsa River. Local peoples in Turkic called this river "sary-su" - "yellow water", the name of the city goes back to the Turkic "sary-sin", which means "yellow island".
At first, it was a small border military town, which often repelled the raids of nomads and rebel troops. However, Tsaritsyn later became an industrial center.
In 1925 Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad in honor of Stalin for the first time. During the Civil War, Stalin was chairman of the Military Council of the North Caucasus Military District. He led the defense of Tsaritsyn from the Don army of Ataman Krasnov.
In 1961 the city was renamed for the second time. From Stalingrad it turned into Volgograd. This happened just at the time of the debunking of the "cult of Stalin's personality"
Who wanted to return the old names to the city and when?
Disputes about renaming Volgograd back to Stalingrad or Tsaritsyn have been going on for a long time. This issue has been repeatedly discussed in the media. The communists are usually in favor of returning the city to the name Stalingrad. In addition to the communists, for some reason residents of St. Petersburg collected signatures in support of this initiative, which surprised the residents of Volgograd. Another part of the residents periodically asks to return the pre-revolutionary name Tsaritsyn to Volgograd.
However, many citizens do not support the initiative to rename the city. For 50 years they have become quite accustomed to the name Volgograd and would not like to change anything.
Did the authorities really decide that Volgograd would be called Stalingrad?
Yes, but, paradoxically, the city will be called Stalingrad only a few days a year.
February 2 - on the day of the defeat of the Nazi troops in Stalingrad battle, May 9 - on Victory Day, June 22 - on the Day of Remembrance and Mourning, September 2 - on the Day of the end of World War II, August 23 - on the Day of Remembrance of the victims of the massive bombing of Stalingrad by the Nazi aviation and November 19 - on the Day of the beginning of the defeat of the fascist troops at Stalingrad.
The name “Hero City Stalingrad” will be used at citywide mass events. The rest of the year the city will remain Volgograd.
This decision was made by the deputies of the Volgograd City Duma on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad.
According to the deputies, the document on the use of the name “Hero City Stalingrad” on memorable days was adopted on the basis of numerous appeals from veterans.
Last picture : Volgograd. Panorama of the Battle of Stalingrad. Fragment.
To the question What is the name of the city of Stalingrad now? given by the author User deleted the best answer is The city, now called Volgograd, went down in the history of World War II, in the history of the USSR and Russia under the name of Stalingrad.
After the war, the historical name was changed. Was the decision taken in due time to rename Stalingrad to Volgograd correct? Russians have no unequivocal opinion: 39% consider this decision to be wrong, and 31% - correct. The latter point of view is most often shared by people under 35 (39%) and respondents with higher education (37%). The renaming of Stalingrad is considered incorrect mainly by supporters of G. Zyuganov (60%), respondents over 50 (55%), as well as people with incomplete secondary education (47%).
From time to time a proposal is made to return the "historical" name to the city. This idea is supported by 20% of the respondents. These are mainly those who do not like the renaming of Stalingrad to Volgograd. Half of those who support the initiators of the return of the old name to the city, motivate their point of view by the fact that "Stalingrad is the history of Russia", the memory of the war and those who died during the Battle of Stalingrad (11%): "for history: you need to remember the war" ; "this name was included in world history";" It will be pleasant for war veterans, and the younger generation will remember how many lives were given so that there will never be a return to bloodshed. "
For 4% of the respondents, Stalingrad is the "city of Stalin". By renaming, they would like to perpetuate the memory of their beloved leader: "let Stalin remain for centuries"; "Stalin is historical personality; we, our generation, love him ";" Stalin's merits are undeniable. "
For another 2% of respondents, Stalingrad is "the first name", "more familiar" ("we are already accustomed to these cities, to the old names"; "the first name is always somehow heard, better").
There are almost twice as many opponents of the renaming of Volgograd as Stalingrad than there are supporters (38%).
A fifth of the respondents (18%) consider this venture senseless and costly - it causes irritation: "you should not engage in nonsense"; "enough to make people laugh"; "nothing else to do?"; " expensive event for a poor country ";" all this is spent on the people's money ";" it is indecent to change the name of the city all the time ";" tired of renaming. "
For 8% of the respondents, the return to the city of the name Stalingrad is unacceptable because of the negative attitude towards the leader: "Stalin does not deserve - he is a criminal of the highest grade"; "there was no greater criminal in relation to his people."
And 5% of respondents just like the name Volgograd. It seems to them familiar and appropriate, natural for a city on the Volga: "everyone is already accustomed to the name Volgograd"; "the city stands on the Volga and let it bear the name of this great river"; "Volgograd sounds beautiful".
1% of the respondents were against naming the cities of the names of politicians (“you cannot rename cities in honor of the leaders”; “there should be no political names in the names of cities”). And another 1% of respondents are convinced that cities should carry their ancestral historical names, and if they are planning to rename Volgograd again, then it is necessary - in Tsaritsyn ("I am for the original name of the city - what was under the tsar"; "if to restore, then Tsaritsyn"; "the names should remain the same as they were assigned from birth ").
It should be noted that every third Russian (33%) does not care what name the famous Volga hero city will bear.
I agree.
Answer from Yidor Ivanenko[active]
Volgograd
Answer from B @ mp[guru]
VOLOGOGRAD of course!
Answer from Anatoly[newbie]
Hit yourself at the wall untill you die! USE specialist.
Answer from Georgy telegin[newbie]
volgograd
Answer from Daniil Ponomarev[newbie]
volgograd for sure!
Answer from Elena Kolesnikova[newbie]
volgograd I'm sure
Answer from Garik Avakyan[guru]
In 1925, Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad. By this time, according to the number of inhabitants, the city occupied the nineteenth place among the cities of our state. Rapid population growth - from 85 thousand people in 1920 to. 112 thousand in 1925 and 140 thousand in 1927 - served as a kind of impetus for the scale of housing construction.
In the housing construction of this period, searches were carried out for new forms of living, new structures, new artistic image modern home.
By 1927, the restoration of destroyed medical institutions was completed in the city and the construction of new ones began. The network of school and preschool institutions, houses of culture, clubs. In the same period, the Drama Theater was opened with a permanent theater studio. For the workers of the Krasny Oktyabr plant, the best Lenin club at that time in the city was built.
Further rapid development of the mountains was associated with the industrialization of the country.
In 1928, construction of the country's first tractor plant began on the northern outskirts of Stalingrad. It was erected in an unprecedentedly short time. On June 17, 1930, the first wheeled tractor rolled off the main conveyor of STZ. In parallel with the construction of the tractor plant, the construction of a powerful regional power plant began. Became a state district power station.
The Krasny Oktyabr Metallurgical Plant has launched a new product - high-quality steel. In the 30s, a Shipyard appeared on the southern outskirts of the city.
The new hardware plant began supplying parts for the tractor factories of Stalingrad and Kharkov.
Forestry and woodworking enterprises were reconstructed and expanded, large factories of red and silicate bricks, a cannery, a tannery and a soap factory, a meat processing plant, a soft drink factory, bakeries, a furniture factory, knitwear factories and other enterprises of the light and food industries were built.
The city center has been transformed. The houses of loaders, canners, communal services, pilots, the building of the regional executive committee, residential buildings on Lenin, Saratovskaya, Ostrovsky streets, as well as buildings that form the Square of the Fallen Fighters, the House of the Red Army and the commune, the central department store, the Intourist hotel and others have formed the general appearance pre-war Stalingrad. The central embankment was being improved. Wooden warehouses were demolished, embankment slopes were planned and landscaped.
A Metro cafe appeared on one of them. Already in 1935 - 1937. it was the best embankment among the cities of the Volga region.
Many plans were not destined to come true - the Great Patriotic War began.
From its very first days, the city became one of the largest arsenals in the southeast of the country. Stalingrad factories produced and repaired tanks, artillery pieces, ships, mortars, machine guns and other weapons. A division of the people's militia and eight extermination battalions were formed. On October 23, 1941, the city defense committee was created, which played an important role in coordinating the actions of the military and civilian authorities.
Construction was carried out on a huge scale defensive fortifications units of the 5th engineer army and workers of the city and region. More than 2,800 km of lines were built, 2,730 km of trenches and communication routes, 1,880 km of anti-tank obstacles, 85,000 positions for fire weapons, 4 defensive bypasses (including the city one).
In the shortest possible time, together with the military railroad workers, the Stalingrad - Vladimirovka - Baskunchak and Astrakhan - Kizlyar railway lines were built, which subsequently played a significant role in the supply of troops in the Stalingrad direction. In the spring of 1942, regular attacks by fascist aviation began on Stalingrad, which were repelled by the local air defense forces. By early summer, the enemy seized the strategic initiative in the southwestern direction.
The troops of the Bryansk, Southwestern and Southern fronts, suffering heavy losses, retreated 150 - 400 kilometers. The balance of forces in this direction was in favor of the enemy. The failure of the Kharkov operation aggravated the situation at the front. Prot
Answer from ALTON[guru]
Volgograd
Answer from Irina[guru]
and before there was Tsaritsin
Tsaritsyn (1589-1925)
It is believed that Volgograd was founded in 1589. Then he bore a different name - Tsaritsyn. Initially, Tsaritsyn was born as a fortress for defense southern borders Russian lands. The first stone structure was built in 1664. Many times the fortress was attacked by rebellious peasants. In 1608, the first stone church was laid in the city - St. John the Baptist, which was destroyed in the late 30s of the 20th century and rebuilt in the 90s of the same century in its original place.
Another interesting historical fact from the history of the city: Peter the Great visited here three times. According to one of the historical versions, Peter I himself composed the project of the Tsaritsyn Fortress. The tsar presented the townspeople with his cane and his cap, which are kept to this day in the regional museum of local lore.
As a result of the efforts of Catherine II in 1765, foreign colonists appeared in Tsaritsyn and in the Tsaritsyn district, who were granted a number of benefits. Thirty kilometers south of Tsaritsyn, at the mouth of Sarpa's speech, Sarepta-on-Volga was founded by the Germans-Gernguthers. In a short time, it turned into a rich colony, in which mustard, manufacturing and other crafts were developed.
The construction of a railway line in the direction of Kalach-na-Donu in 1862 and Gryazeyi in 1872 led to an economic recovery and made Tsaritsyn a hub for transport communications in territories near the Caspian and Black Seas, as well as the Caucasus and Central Russia.
By 1913, the county Tsaritsyn in terms of the number of inhabitants - 137 thousand, overtook many provincial cities. It was a period of explosive growth in the construction of residential, industrial, public and entertainment buildings, hospitals, schools, hotels.
Stalingrad (1925-1961)
In the 30s of the 20th century, Stalingrad was one of the fastest growing cities in the country, with a population of about 480 thousand people. As a result of the implementation of the USSR industrialization program during the pre-war five-year plans, Stalingrad became a powerful industrial center of the country. In terms of the total volume of production, the city ranked second in the Volga region and fourth in the RSFSR. The city played a large role in the country's economy, its prospects further development were also significant.
But everything was cut short by the war. The battle of Stalingrad was destined to become one of the most difficult pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War and one of the most significant. During the fighting, all areas of the city were completely destroyed, more than 90% of the entire housing stock was burned and destroyed. After the battle, the city looked like ruins, but in spite of everything, Stalingrad rose from the ruins.
After the end of the battle, at a meeting of the Government of the USSR, the question of the inexpediency of restoring the city was raised. It has been calculated that it is cheaper to build new townthan trying to rebuild destroyed. It was proposed to build Stalingrad 10 kilometers higher along the Volga, and to make an open-air museum on the site of the former city. But Stalin ordered to restore the city at any cost. And already in March 1943, restoration work began in the city.
The architects sought to reflect the heroism of Stalingrad in the external appearance of buildings. Hence the monumentality, complexity of even ordinary residential buildings built in the fifties. The style, which flourished during the years of post-war construction, went down in history as Stalin's neoclassicism. The abundance and variety of architectural details, decorative elements creates a rich emotional background in perception.
On November 10, 1961, a decree was adopted on renaming the Stalingrad region into Volgograd and the city of Stalingrad into Volgograd. It is interesting that the options for renaming were different - Geroisk, Boygorodsk, Leningrad-on-Volga and even Khrushchevsk. In "Volgogradskaya Pravda" dated November 15, 1961, an explanation of the new name is given: "The name of the city located by the mighty river, and the name of the river, which is the hero city, must merge together."
Volgograd today
Volgograd is a hero city with a rich historical past, and at the same time a developing industrial center of the region. It is an attractive tourist destination with unique historical monuments, nature, architectural landmarks. The population of the city is more than 1 million. The indigenous population is Russians, there are also Armenians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Azerbandzhans and other national minorities.
Eight administrative districts of the city stretch from north to south along the Volga: Traktorozavodsky, Krasnooktyabrsky, Central, Dzerzhinsky, Voroshilovsky, Sovetsky, Kirovsky, Krasnoarmeisky, the construction of which began in the form of working settlements near industrial facilities.
The economy and industrial potential of the city plays an important role for the region and the country as a whole. The most developed industries are oil and metal processing, chemical and food industry, machine and shipbuilding.
Volgograd is also a large educational center, where six universities and several specialized universities are successfully operating. The student body plays a huge role in the development of the city. Every year, Volgograd students become participants in various large-scale educational forums, for example, "Student Spring", work as volunteers at socially significant events (including the Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014), and form youth policy within the framework of the Youth Parliament.
Remember the history of the Second World War - 1942, for example. The battle for the city of Stalingrad (as it is now called, probably outside of Russia and not everyone knows), in which the Red Army gained success, turned the tide of the war. He deservedly bears the title of Hero City.
The city of Stalingrad: what is it called now and how it was called before
During the Paleolithic period on the outskirts of the city there was a parking lot called the Dry Mechetka. In the 16th century, historical sources associate this area with the presence of representatives of the Tatar people. Since in the memoirs of the English traveler Jenkinson, "the abandoned Tatar city of Meskhet" is mentioned. In official tsarist documents, this city was first mentioned on July 2 under the name Tsaritsyn. So it was called until 1925.
As you know, in the 1920s-1930s, the cities were called mainly by the names and surnames (pseudonyms) of Soviet leaders and party leaders. Former Tsaritsyn in 1925 was the 19th city in the USSR in terms of the number of inhabitants, so its fate could not be avoided in any way. In 1925 the city was renamed Stalingrad. It is under this name that it is best known, because it entered world history as the most important event of the Second World War.
In 1956, the debunking of the Stalin cult began. The party had a lot of work in this direction, so the party leaders got to the renaming of the city only in 1961. Since 1961 and up to the present time, the settlement bears the name that very accurately characterizes its location - Volgograd
A brief history of the city from 1589 to 1945
Initially, the city was concentrated on a small island. Why was it founded here? Because before that time people had already lived here, and the place was convenient for trade. The location on the Volga gave the settlement a good chance for dynamic development. Real transformations in the city began in the 19th century. The first progymnasium was opened for children of nobility, in which 49 children studied. In 1808, a doctor came to the city, who did a lot for the development of medicine in it (she was the first local doctor).
With development (Volgo-Don and others railways) since the end of the 1850s, industry and trade in the city have been developing very strongly, the well-being of residents has increased.
The first three decades of the 20th century, the territory of Stalingrad is expanding. New industrial facilities, residential buildings, and places of mass recreation of the population are being built. In 1942, the Germans came to the city of Stalingrad. What is this time called now? An occupation. 1942 and 1943 were the worst years in the history of the city.
Our time: the city is flourishing
What city is Stalingrad now? Volgograd. This name fully reflects its essence, because the river is one of the main trade routes. In the 1990s-2000s, Volgograd acquired the status of a millionaire several times. The city is actively developing industry, services and recreation, sports. The football team of the Volgograd "Rotor" has played for more than one season in the top league of Russia.
But nevertheless, the settlement played its most important role in history under the name "the city of Stalingrad" (as it is now called, it is also worth remembering, because the old name is unlikely to return).