In what year was St. Petersburg founded? This question is very interesting, because this city is called Northern Palmyra. Its inhabitants are considered to be intellectuals. Town long time was the capital Russian Empire... It abounds in museums, palaces, monuments of architecture and culture.
In what year was St. Petersburg founded
It is known that on May 27, 1703, by order of the Russian Tsar Peter I, the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress began on Hare Island. It became the first building of the city, which later received the name of St. Petersburg. The city itself is of artificial origin.
Where was St. Petersburg founded? Many people believe that he grew out of nothing in the swamps. However, this is not quite true. The year in which St. Petersburg was founded and how it turned out to be built so quickly will be discussed further. Let's make a reservation right away that the construction was a difficult and very costly process.
A bit of history
Settlements at the mouth began to be built, starting from the XIV century, by the Swedes (the Landkrona fortress, 1300) and Novgorodians (Ust-Okhta, 1500). In 1611, at the confluence of the Okhta River with the Neva, the Swedes built around which the settlement of Nienstadt (in Swedish - "city on the Neva") soon appeared, which in 1632 received the status of a city. By the end of the 17th century, Nienstadt had become a major trading port surrounded by a large number of settlements. In 1703 it was captured by Russian troops and renamed Schlotburg.
The original plans of Peter I
Who founded St. Petersburg and what were the prerequisites for this? To protect the new territories conquered in Swedish Ingermanland during the Northern War, Tsar Peter I decided to build a new fortress, which was founded on May 27, 1703 on one of the islands in the widest part of the Neva estuary. And on June 29, on Peter's day, the fortress was named St. Peter-Burkh (in honor of This is another answer to the question of the year in which St. Petersburg was founded. Initially, in order to speed up construction, the walls were poured from the earth. And the creation of stone structures began three years later.It turns out that the name of the fortress gave its name to the future city, which began to be erected around it on drained swamps and neighboring islands.
The first St. Petersburg temple, tavern and pier
In November 1703, the first city church, Trinity, was opened on Berezovy Island. It was originally built of wood. However, a few years later it was rebuilt in stone. At first it was the main religious institution of the new capital. It was here in 1721 that Peter assumed the imperial title. The square on which the temple was located received the same name - Troitskaya. She went out to r. Neva. The first pier of the city was built here. Many ships moored to it for unloading and loading. The first tavern and a guest house were also built on the square. The island on which the fortress was located was renamed from Hare to City.
Construction
To speed up the construction of stone buildings, Peter I banned the construction of stone throughout Russia, and a special tax was levied on everyone who entered St. Petersburg. The person had to bring with him a certain amount of stone or pay for its equivalent in money. Buildings were also erected on the other side of the river. Shipyards were under construction. Vasilievsky Island was being rebuilt, which Peter wanted to make an urban center. The construction process was difficult, but the one who founded St. Petersburg had the determination to complete what he had begun and knew what he was doing.
The construction of the city, which was planned as a "window to Europe", was supervised by foreign experts, and the construction work was carried out by the forces of serfs, etc. state peasants. The latter were mobilized for labor service. They were taken from all over Russia. Only about 24 thousand people were engaged in logging, draining swamps and laying roads. Since 1717, civilians were involved in the construction. By this time, about 6% of the 300 thousand builders had already died.
The first buildings performed utilitarian and, above all, defensive functions. The one who founded St. Petersburg wanted to ensure the presence of Russia in this region for centuries. Soon the construction took on an even greater scope and began to be carried out in a more balanced and systematic manner. The work was supervised by professional architects. In 1706, the Office of City Affairs was created to manage all work and issues. In 1716, the primary city development plan was adopted, developed by the architect Domenico Trezzini, who had worked in the city since its foundation. It was according to this plan that the center was planned to be located on Vasilievsky Island. This was the king's whim. The island was washed by two channels of the Neva. It was planned to cover it with a geometrically correct grid of streets, and make canals for drainage. However, soon the construction was headed by Jean-Baptiste Leblond.
Capital of the empire
Yes, Peter the Great founded St. Petersburg. Gradually, the city was successfully rebuilt and expanded. The first foreign ship arrived in the harbor in 1703. In 1705 the city experienced a flood, and in 1712 St. Petersburg was proclaimed the capital of Russia. All were moved here state institutions and the court of the emperor. Given the fact that North War at that time it was not yet completed, this is a unique historical precedent - the capital of one state was located on the lands of another. St. Petersburg remained the capital of Russia until 1918, when Moscow was re-declared by it.
In 1709, the first state school in Russia was opened in St. Petersburg, and in 1719 the first museum (Kunstkamera) was opened. In 1724, the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences was created. In 1728, the first Russian newspaper began to be published. In 1851 St. Petersburg was connected to Moscow by a 451-kilometer railway.
Throughout its existence, the city was renamed several times (Petrograd in 1914, Leningrad in 1924). In 1991, the original name was returned to it. It is the third largest city in Europe. In 1725, there were about 40 thousand people, most of whom were military men, residents of neighboring villages, as well as serfs assigned to the city to carry out construction work. By the end of the century, there were about 200 thousand inhabitants. Now more than 5 million people live in St. Petersburg.
Present time
Peter 1 founded St. Petersburg, and this city became the pearl of the country. Currently, it has about 1200 streets and more than 70 churches. Tourists will not be left indifferent by such attractions as the Peter and Paul Cathedral and the Peter and Paul Fortress, the Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Kunstkamera and others. Come to the city on the Neva, join the history of your native country!
On May 8, 1965, Leningrad was awarded the title "Hero City", awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
The title was awarded “for the mass heroism and courage of its defenders, shown in the struggle for the freedom and independence of the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War»
The siege of Leningrad lasted 871 days from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944. This is the longest and most terrible siege of the city in the history of mankind. Almost 900 days of pain and suffering, courage and dedication.
More than 640 thousand people died of hunger, tens of thousands died in artillery shelling and bombing, died in evacuation.
The group of German armies "North" was to destroy the units of the Red Army in the Baltic, capture the naval bases on the Baltic Sea and by July 21, 1941 capture Leningrad.
Relatives are taking a Leningrader who died of hunger to the cemetery
Blockade of Leningrad, 1942
Boris Kudoyarov
Inhabitants besieged Leningrad cleaning the streets from snow
Leningrad, 1942
Vsevolod Tarasevich
The bodies of the killed Nazis in the Shlisselburg area
Leningrad front, 1943
Boris Kudoyarov
Volkovo cemetery. The blockades are being taken to bury the corpses of civilians who died of hunger
Leningrad, 1942
Boris Kudoyarov
Heavy tanks KV-1 leave from Palace Square on Nevsky Prospekt and follow to the front
Leningrad, 1942
Boris Kudoyarov
Marines Baltic Fleet are fighting in the ice hummocks of the Gulf of Finland
Leningrad, 1942
Alexander Brodsky
Marine patrol at St. Isaac's Cathedral in besieged Leningrad, 1942
Alexander Brodsky
Empty frames in the halls of the Hermitage after the evacuation of the exhibition
Siege Leningrad, 1941
Alexander Brodsky
Injured children affected by artillery shelling of the city
Siege Leningrad, 1942
Boris Kudoyarov
Residents of besieged Leningrad on Nevsky Prospect. During the years of the blockade, according to various sources, from 600 thousand to 1.5 million people died. Most of the inhabitants of Leningrad who died during the blockade were buried at the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery
Leningrad, 1942
Mikhail Trakhman
Local air defense fighters are on duty on the roof of the building of the Academy of Sciences
Leningrad, 1942
Grigory Chertov
Residents of besieged Leningrad leave the bomb shelter after clearing the alarm
Leningrad, 1942
Boris Kudoyarov
Destroyed by the Nazis kindergarten in the city of Tikhvin
Leningrad region, 1941
Georgy Zelma
Installation of a barrage balloon on Nevsky Prospekt in besieged Leningrad, 1941
Boris Kudoyarov On August 21, 1941, the Germans occupied the Chudovo station, thereby cutting off the Oktyabrskaya railroad, and after 8 days they captured Tosno.
The encirclement was 2 million 544 thousand civilians, 343 thousand residents of suburban areas, troops defending the city. Food and fuel supplies were limited and should last for one to two months. On September 8, 1941, as a result of an air raid and a fire that broke out, food warehouses to them. A.E.Badaeva.
Not everyone managed to evacuate. When the systematic shelling began, and they began immediately, in September, the escape routes were already cut off. From the very first days of the blockade, food ration cards were introduced, schools were closed, and military censorship was in effect.
The ice road across Lake Ladoga, which became the legendary Road of Life, acquired special significance when communication with the mainland ceased.
Has stopped public transport... In the winter of 1941, there were no fuel reserves and no electricity left. Food was running out swiftly. In January 1942, there were only 200/125 grams of bread per person per day. By the end of February 1942, more than 200 thousand people died from cold and hunger in Leningrad. But the city lived and fought: factories continued to produce military products, theaters and museums worked.
The breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad began by order of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief on January 12, 1943, with the offensive of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts south of Lake Ladoga. A narrow ledge separating the troops of the fronts was chosen as the place for breaking the blockade. On January 18, the 136th Infantry Division and the 61st Tank Brigade of the Leningrad Front broke into the Workers' Village No. 5 and merged with the units of the 18th rifle division Volkhov front. On the same day, units of the 86th Infantry Division and the 34th Ski Brigade liberated Shlisselburg and cleared the entire southern coast of Lake Ladoga from the enemy. In a corridor pierced along the coast, in 18 days the builders erected a crossing over the Neva and laid a railroad and a road. The enemy blockade was broken.
On January 14, 1944, the forces of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts, supported by the artillery of Kronstadt, began the final part of the operation to liberate Leningrad.
By January 27, 1944 soviet troops hacked the defense of the 18th german army, defeated its main forces and advanced 60 kilometers in depth. With the liberation of Pushkin, Gatchina and Chudovo, the blockade of Leningrad was completely lifted.
How many lives were taken by the blockade of Leningrad, how many tears and blood were shed in those terrible days. The memory of human feat is sacred, and yet the young generation needs to know and understand at what cost it was given. Nowadays, there are people for whom history is not just paragraphs in textbooks. They do not just want to be remembered, they bring us closer to history, recreating the events of the war years, so that we can feel and at least feel a little what it was like for people in those years. So that there will be no terrible repetitions in the future.
In St. Petersburg, the military-historical reconstruction of the events of the Great Patriotic War is an important part of the city's life. Nikolay Shokin has been involved in reconstruction for several years already. Like other participants in the St. Petersburg Regional public organization EPOCH, he is a true enthusiast and dedicated to his work.
Nikolay Shokin“In the public organization EPOCH I hold the position of the head of the direction. My responsibilities include organizing complex technical events. For example, the organization of the reconstruction of the amphibious assault, where a lot of equipment and people are involved in difficult conditions.
In addition to military reconstructions, we conduct lectures for schoolchildren, students and cadets. We definitely bring military uniforms, artifacts with us, it is always interesting for the guys to touch and see. You can't go to the museum, but here you can. If we give a lecture on engineering and sapper, then we always have a full set of tools with us: picks, hoes, big shovels, small shovels, all sorts of tools - cats, a demolition bag, special equipment.
I got carried away with reconstruction, like many, by accident. Before the military reconstruction, I was engaged in modeling, and one of my friends has already participated in such events. It became interesting to me to see how this happens. He replied - why watch, just come and participate. When a person comes for the first time, they give him everything: clothes, weapons. And this first experience shows whether this is your occupation or not.
My first event was reconstruction Soviet-Finnish war near the city of Vyborg. On March 13, at the East Vyborg fortifications, the snow was waist-deep, and when they gave us the command "Attack!", Everyone got up and drowned in the snow. It was impossible to advance: a machine gun was scribbling, grenades, bags, pouches, a knapsack were hung on you. And you understand on your own skin that they fought in a completely different way from the way they show us in the films and written in the books.
There was a wave of people willing to participate in the renovations in the late 1980s, in the late 1990s. Every seven to ten years, a new wave of youth comes. Someone leaves, someone gets used to the reconstruction even more and remains forever.
If you just want to show off, taking pictures is one motivation. There are people who come because they are interested in poking around with iron, to see what weapons systems were, to find out how everything is tripled. There are people who are interested in the turnover of things - these are collectors. One of my friends had about 20 types of military caps, such a hobby. "
Participants of the military-historical reconstruction, dedicated to the 72nd anniversary of the breakthrough of the blockade of Leningrad in the Great Patriotic War. Leningrad region, Russia
“Reconstruction is the tip of the iceberg. This is the action that people see. First, to create it is necessary to study all the sources, as a rule, we refer to archival documents. In 90% of cases, we carry out all reconstructions on the battlefield. We are preparing a technical assignment for ourselves and for the city administration, which helps us. Then we prepare the terrain, find the places where we fought. It is necessary to understand what kind of weapons and what equipment people had at that time.
Everywhere people always decide everything. The reconstruction has two directions - there is a costume, and there is a uniform. There are people who are trying to make money from this, they have suits. We are not trying to do this. For us, this is not a form of relaxation, but real life in someone else's skin. When you put on wartime equipment, run up to your waist in the snow, you perfectly understand how our grandfathers, great-grandfathers, and fathers felt.
The next stage of the passion for reconstruction is when you start to study the documents that should be worn by the fighter.
We go to the museum, register in the archive fund, study the exhibits, and then restore all this according to the drawings. We study instructions, orders.
The biggest problem with archives is when you need to get hold of historical military documents. For example, I specially took a vacation, came to Moscow for ten days. I ordered an inventory in the Russian State Military Historical Archives. The next day I received an inventory. I ordered the cases, three days later I received the cases. I ordered to see them, they are in another building, and Thursday is a cleaning day. In ten days I managed to look at only five cases - three of them were the logs of military operations of the 197th Forestry Infantry Regiment for 1915-1916. We are currently engaged in its reconstruction. Out of five cases, only three I managed to study in ten days.
In the 1990s, a lot of collections were published on the Soviet-Finnish war, on the Polish campaign of 1919-1921, on the Great Patriotic War. Nowadays, people write books to make money on this and collect information from each other, refer to a source from the Internet. Of course, I want more accurate data, and this requires painstaking work, there is not always enough time to search. Then we attract interested students to study archives and search for data. "
“The museums and archives, with which we have been cooperating for a long time, willingly meet us halfway. There are, of course, different situations. In the Central Museum of Communications named after A.S. Popov, a reenactor of the Petrine era asked for funds, and there, by accident, the original buttons from the camisole disappeared. Maybe it wasn't him, maybe they weren't there. For example, you often order an inventory, but there is no whole box with drawings, it disappeared even during transportation.
The highest stage of reconstruction for us is a hike.
On holidays or big weekends, we get together, leave everything civil, take everything for reconstruction with us, including underwear. Dry rations are briquetted concentrates of peas and buckwheat, they have been produced since the war. We began to produce such rations following the results of the Soviet-Finnish war, the army was not supplied with food, the supply was such that they had to deliver fresh bread, and the frosts are strong, until the horse-drawn carriage arrives along the snow-covered roads with bread, it is no longer possible to eat it. Therefore, the army returned to the royal biscuits and began to make concentrates.
On the battlefield, for example in Karelia, a lot of people come to see the military reconstruction. In the vicinity of the town of Suojärvi, at the 30th kilometer of the Suojärvi-Loimola highway, the military-historical reconstruction “Karelian borders. Suojärvi ”dedicated to the anniversary of the end of the Soviet-Finnish (Winter) War. Reconstruction of the events takes place at a historical place, the Kola turn, exactly in those places where in the winter of 1940 the Red Army and the Finnish army fought fierce battles. There were heavy losses on both sides - both Russian and Finnish.
People come there every year in March, there at this time the frost is down to -20. The most interesting thing is that a thousand people and more gather, not only Russians, but also Finns. Last year, there were retired Finnish soldiers from the Finnish side, our guys gave them uniforms. "
Participant of military reconstruction dedicated to the Soviet-Finnish (Winter) War, Leningrad region, Russia
“The main problem is materials. For us, even the thickness of the threads matters, although the viewer often does not see the difference. For example, there is such a helmet SSh36 - this is a helmet of the 1936 model, with a comb. It is also called "halhingolka". People who do not know ask, what are you wearing a fascist helmet?
Or, for example, our famous Sudaev Submachine Gun (PPS). Who does not understand, says that this is Schmeiser (German traumatic pistol).
But when a person comes and says: “Wow, this is your SVT-38! (self-loading and automatic rifles of the Tokarev system) ", such a person understands what it is.
We ourselves are reconstructing the equipment, now, for example, we are going to make a snowmobile, we have already found the drawings. And all this is collected bit by bit.
Our guys got the drawings of the armored vehicles from the Samara Central Technical Archives. They found factory drawings of a snowmobile with all seals.
When we restored the B-64-B armored car, we used photographs from the Aberdeen test site in the United States. Filmed in great detail. Tires for it were bought in the USA, from the American army off-road vehicle from the Second World War Willys MB. They were transported through friends - from America they were taken to Holland, then to Finland, and from there we went and took them away. It took three years to restore the car. "
St. Petersburg students Polytechnic University at a lecture, St. Petersburg, Russia
"Specialized databases for storing recovered military equipment and we have no form. Some of the participants in the reconstruction store things at home or in the country, someone at work. We keep a lot in the workshops of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. The guys who work and study there have a very serious attitude towards patriotism. The university has its own museum of military equipment. Many students go to the veterans; in the workshops at the university they collect models from the Second World War. Most of our organization are former students of the Polytechnic University.
During the Great Patriotic War, students and teachers of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University became part of the division people's militia Frunzensky district of St. Petersburg. Every year students and teachers travel to the mountain in the village of Syandeba, a place of military glory, where the division took the battle and suffered heavy losses. Some of the fortifications have been restored by reenactors and university students. "
“Nobody finances our organization. We have everything on a voluntary basis, there are no orders of duty, only a sense of duty. We are attracted to historical war films. The film "Stalingrad" directed by Fyodor Bondarchuk featured 200 reenactors and about 150 extras.
In 2012, the President Russian Federation a decree was signed on the creation of the Russian Military Historical Society (RVIO). You can now participate in contests for historical events. The organization that can present its project in the most interesting way receives funding and support from the RVIO.
In addition to RVIO, there are city administrations, committees for work with youth, and they all hold different competitions. Announce tenders for events. As a rule, there are enthusiasts in administrations who are not indifferent to the historical past.
A different number of participants can take part in one event. If the administration offers us a football field to host, then there is little room for reconstruction. As a rule, these are paid events, and we try not to participate in them.
Officially, our organization has about 250 members.
Applications are submitted to us, we are considering. It is important that the participant's military uniform corresponds and an important factor is the attitude towards alcohol. At our events, the use of alcoholic beverages is completely prohibited. After the completion of the reconstruction, please, this is a personal matter for everyone.
There are many military reconstruction clubs, they are all of different quality, with different goals. There is no hard register of military reconstruction clubs. We are friends with clubs in Moscow, Volgograd, Kaliningrad, Belarus. Everywhere there are two camps - clubs that accurately and rigorously carry the strap of historical accuracy and those clubs that allow some liberties. Some may go out to the beginning of the war wearing shoulder straps that did not exist at that time, or wearing a Brezhnev hat. "
The studio apartment of Dmitry Kolyshev - the best master of sewing military uniforms in St. Petersburg. A sample of the uniform of the Life Guards of the Preobrazhensky Regiment is presented, Dmitry sewed them as samples for the presidential regiment in the Kremlin Nikolay Shokin
“There is always a question of copy accuracy. We have all the parts that are native, original - the engine, axles, gearbox, only the fuel pump has not yet been restored. Historicity comes first in our club. From clothing items to large items, we try to match.
For ten years we had a failure in the fleet due to the lack of original fabrics, and now, thanks to Belarus, we have established the production of fabrics.
The famous master of sewing military hats, Alexander Ballay, even has his own seal. For many reenactors, this means high quality and a guarantee of historicity. In principle, some craftsmen will not sew from the wrong fabric. "
“The fact is that we do not have legal framework... We have long wanted to offer a legal status. Not a single law says who the reenactor is, what rights he has. At one time, the Cossacks had such a problem. We submit our models for examination to the police to confirm that we cannot use them as military weapons.
The charges are made by special pyrotechnics who have a license, or from Lenfilm we invite guys working with pyrotechnics. As, for example, a grenade is made: an industrial firecracker is taken, placed in an industrial building, painted to make it look like a grenade from afar, thrown and exploded.
We all have original products in our hands, but they have been taken out of combat condition so as not to cause damage to ourselves or others. The effect of the shot is visible, but it cannot cause harm.
There are families where everyone is engaged in reconstruction. Clothes are sewn for all family members, for all eras, they go to events together. Children are not allowed everywhere, where there is a lot of shooting is prohibited. Only if it is a reconstruction, how the civilian population leaves the city. "
Family of Nikolai Shokin (from left to right): Nikolai Shokin, son Vladislav, wife Elena, daughter Ulyana.
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
"I have two children. My son goes sailing at the Sailing Academy, in the summer he trains 6 days a week, in the winter five times. My daughter is very small, she goes to the kindergarten. Wife translator with italian... We do not release children into battle until they are 18 years old.
My wife is sympathetic to my passion for military reconstruction. Someone loves fishing, hunting, drinks strong drinks. My hobby is harmless enough, the only thing is that I disappear from home for a few days. "
In 1990 I entered Leningrad Academy Arts, and from the second year she studied and graduated from St. Petersburg state institute painting, sculpture and architecture. At the same time, I did not move from one university to another, but it so happened that the city itself changed the name... And it happened September 6, 1991... The nineties were generally complex and contradictory, and in St. Petersburg during these years, in addition to all the difficulties of the transition period, there was also an unimaginable confusion with the names of organizations, paperwork and other paper issues. For several years there were so many disputes, rallies and discussions everywhere, it is impossible to convey. And then everyone got used to it and calmed down, and now many children and teenagers do not even know that there was such a city - Leningrad.
When Leningrad was renamed to St. Petersburg
Petersburg more than once for more than three hundred years of its existence changed the name, and every time in the history of our country something important happened at these moments. Briefly, the chronology can be presented as follows:
- in 1703 year a fortress was built St. Peter Burch, so named in honor of St. Peter and "in the Dutch manner";
- in 1720 year, the already expanded city decided to call St. Petersburg;
- at the beginning of World War 1 in 1914 in spite of all German, it was renamed to Petrograd;
- lenin's death in January 1924 year turned Petrograd into Leningrad;
- in 1991, namely on September 6, the name was returned to the city St. Petersburg - the most suitable in the opinion of the majority of residents.
It is important that at all times for ordinary people St. Petersburg was and remains Peter... This simplified name arose among the people almost immediately after the birth of the city and not only survived through the centuries, but in last years it is used at all levels more often than the official name.
What was also called and called Peter
Many copies were broken around titles the city almost from the very year of its foundation, and these battles continue to this day. Writers and poets gave Peter beautiful comparisons, and historical figures and various political groups argued the need for rename the city and offered their options. Therefore, in the literature we can find such numerous designations of St. Petersburg as Petropolis, Nien, Nevograd, Grad Petrov, Northern Venice and Northern Palmyra, New Moscow, Cradle of 3 Revolutions, City on the Neva, City of White Nights and many others. Modern youth also did not ignore this tradition and came up with many new names and abbreviations for the city: St. Petersburg, Pit, Santik.
I buy postcards in the second-hand book department, and recently I found a set of photographs of Leningrad in 1983.
This pleasure cost 110 rubles, and in 1986 the cost was 2 rubles 87 kopecks
1. Anichkov bridge
LeningradIs a wonderful city on the Neva. It was founded in 1703. The history of Russia, its culture, the Russian revolutionary movement and the victory of the Great October Revolution are inextricably linked with this city. Three generations of Russian revolutionaries lived and fought here, the great Lenin, the creator of the world's first socialist state, teacher and leader of the world proletariat, lived and worked here.
Leningrad- a hero city that withstood a 900-day siege unprecedented in world history. The feat of Leningraders in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 is immortal.
Leningrad- a city of labor traditions, a city of renowned factories, a port of world importance. It is one of the largest political, scientific and cultural centers country.
The homeland highly appreciated the labor achievements and military exploits of the city: the Golden Star of the hero, two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner and the October Revolution shine on its banner. He rightfully bears the name of the great Lenin.
Leningrad- the city of white nights, sung by poets, immortalized by artists, a city of museums and monuments, amazing architectural ensembles and majestic palaces, parks and gardens, numerous bridges and canals, one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
Thousands of people from different countries, feeling the need to communicate with beauty, visit the halls of the Hermitage or the Russian Museum every day, visit the palace and park ensembles of the suburbs, revived from ruins.
Photos and text E. Cassina, Artist V. Treptsov. LENINGRAD. Set of 28 colored leaflets. Publishing house "Planet", Moscow, 1986
2. The cruiser "Aurora"
3. White night on the Neva
4. Summer Palace Museum of Peter I 1710-1714
Architects D. Trezzini and A. Schlüter
5. Central Naval Museum (former Stock Exchange) and one of the sculptures near the Rostral Columns-Lighthouses. 1805-1810
Architect Thomas de Thomon, sculptor S. Sukhanov (after the model of I. Camberlain and J. Thibault)
6. Summer Garden
7. Spit of Vasilievsky Island
8. State Hermitage (former Winter Palace) 1754-1762 Architect B. Rastrelli
9. State Museum-Monument "St. Isaac's Cathedral". 1818-1858
10. Building of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council of People's Deputies (formerly the Mariinsky Palace). 1839-1844 Architect A. Stackenschneider
11. The building of the Admiralty. 1806-1823 Architect A. Zakharov
12. Palace Square
13. On Nevsky Prospect.
14. Smolny - the headquarters of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Building 1806-1808 Architect D. Quarenghi
15. White night. The building of the Kunstkamera. 1718-1734 Project by architect G. Mattarnovi
16. Monument to V.I. Lenin on Lenin Square. 1926 Sculptor S. Evseev, architects V. Schuko, V. Gelfreich
17. Monument to the fighters of the revolution on the Champ de Mars. 1917-1919 Architect L. Rudnev
18. Hotel "Leningrad". 1968-1970 Architect S. Speransky (project manager)
19. Lomonosov Bridge. 1785-1788 The author of the project is unknown
20. View of the Spit of Vasilievsky Island from "Konverk"
21. The pier at the building of the Academy of Arts. Ancient Egyptian Sphinx. Delivered to St. Petersburg in 1832.
22. Memorial ensemble at the Piskarevskoye cemetery. 1950-1960 The figure of the Motherland. Sculptors V.V. Isaeva, R.K. Taurite
23. Monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square. 1975 sculptor M. Anikushin, architects V. Kamensky, S. Speransky
24. Monument to Peter I "The Bronze Horseman". 1782 Sculptors E.-M. Falcone, M.-A. Collot, F. Gordeev, architect Y. Felten
25. Leningrad Academic Opera and Ballet Theater. CM. Kirov (former Mariinsky Theater). 1860-1880 Architects A.K. Kavos (building), V.A. Schreter (reconstruction)
26. Ethnographic Museum. The beginning of the 20th century. Architect V.F. Svinin
27. Bank Bridge on the Griboyedov Canal. 1825-1826 Sculptor P. Sokolov, engineer G. Tretter
28. Monument to A.S. Pushkin on Arts Square. 1957 Sculptor M. Anikushin, architect V. Petrov
29. Tauride Palace. 1783-1789 Architect I. Starov
30. The building of the former Sheremetev Palace. Mid XVIII century. Architect F. Argunov, S. Chevakinsky
31. Arch of the building of the former General Staff building