Oryol hero of the Soviet Union biography. Orlovsky, Kirill Prokofievich

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky is a man of amazing biography. The head of a partisan sabotage detachment in Poland, a participant in the Spanish Civil War, vice-rector for economic affairs of the Agricultural Institute, soviet intelligence officer in China, head partisan detachment during the Great Patriotic War... Having lost both hands, he did not lose heart and in 1945 became the head of a collective farm in Belarus, which was the first in the USSR to receive a net profit of a million rubles.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky was born on January 30, 1895 in the village of Myshkovichi (now the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region of Belarus) into a peasant family.
In 1915-1918 he served in the tsarist army as a non-commissioned officer, commander of an engineer platoon. Participated in the First World War.

In June 1918, on the instructions of the underground Bobruisk district committee of the Bolshevik Party, he created a partisan detachment that operated against the German troops. From December 1918 to April 1919 he worked in the Bobruisk Cheka, then graduated from the courses of command personnel.

In November 1918, after the defeat of Germany in the First World War, German units began to withdraw from the territories of the former Russian Empire... The Soviet Western Army, whose task was to establish control over Belarus, on November 17, 1918, moved after the retreating German units and entered Minsk on December 10, 1918. The Poles of Lithuania and Belarus created an organization called the Committee for the Defense of the Eastern Suburbs (KZVO) with combat units formed from former soldiers of the Polish corps, and turned to the Polish government for help. By the decree of the Polish ruler ("interim chief of state") Józef Pilsudski of December 7, 1918, the detachments of the KZVO were declared part of Polish troops under the general command of General Vladislav Veyka. On December 19, the Polish government ordered its troops to occupy the city of Vilnius. So the Soviet-Polish war of 1919-1921 began.
Its result was that Western Belarus and Western Ukraine were ceded to Poland, and the territory of Lithuania was divided between Poland and the independent Lithuanian state. The capital of Lithuania - Vilnius, also went to Poland.

After the conclusion of a peace treaty with Poland in March 1921, the Intelligence Directorate began the creation and transfer of militant detachments to the territory of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus to organize massive armed resistance to the Polish authorities. It was assumed that these armed groups would become the nucleus of a nationwide partisan movement on the occupied Belarusian and Ukrainian lands, which in the long term will lead to their liberation and reunification with the USSR. This activity is called "active intelligence". At the same time, it should be noted that the activities of the Intelligence Agency for active intelligence were so carefully covert that even the organs of the OGPU did not know about it.
Partisan, and in fact - sabotage, movement in Belarus began in the summer of 1921. One of the commanders of such sabotage detachments were Kirill Orlovsky and Stanislav Vaupshasov. Here is what information about the actions of these two detachments is given in the book by A.I. Kolpakidi and D.P. Prokhorov's “Empire of the GRU. Essays on the history of Russian military intelligence ":
- in May 1922, a police station was destroyed in the area of \u200b\u200bBelovezhskaya Pushcha;
- On June 11, 1922, 10 partisans seized and burned down the Dobroe Derevo estate of the Grudnitsa district;
- from June 15 to August 6, 1922, 9 military operations were carried out on the territory of Grodninsky and Ilytsky provinces, during which partisans defeated three landowners' estates, burned the palace of Prince Drutsko-Lyubetsky, blew up two steam locomotives on a narrow-gauge railway belonging to a French company, and railway bridge, destroyed the railway track on the Lida - Vilno line for a long distance. At the same time, 10 Polish lancers were killed in one of the battles;
- On October 14, 1922, partisans burned down the Struga estate of the Stolin district.
In 1923, the partisan movement intensified:
- on the night of May 19-20, 1923, 30 partisans defeated the police station and commune administration in Chuchevichi, Luninets district;
- On August 27, a similar operation was carried out in the town of Telekhany of the Kossovsky district. In this case, two policemen and a voit (headman) were killed;
- On August 29, 10 partisans attacked the Molodovo estate of the Drogichensky district.
The list of operations of these detachments, carried out in 1924, is as follows:
- On February 6, 1924, a detachment of 50 partisans with two machine guns captured the Ogarevichi estate of the Krugovichi gmina;
- On May 18, 1924, 29 people smashed a police station in the town of Krivichi, Velei district.
From April to November 1924, the partisans conducted 80 major combat operations. The most famous of them is in the city of Stolbtsy, where on the night of August 3-4, 54 militants led by Stanislav Vaupshasov defeated the garrison and the railway station, and at the same time the headman, the district police department, the city police station, seized the prison and released the head of the military organization of the Communist Party Poland Stanislav Skulsky (Mertens) and the head of the Communist Party of Western Belarus Pavel Korchik, which, in fact, was the purpose of this daring operation. At the same time, 8 police officers were killed and three were wounded.
On September 24, 1924, 17 partisans from the Orlovsky and Vaupshasov detachments, setting up an ambush on the Parokhonsk-Lovcha section along the Brest-Luninets railway line, attacked the train. As a result, they seized the voivode Polesie Dovnarovich. Showing humanism, the rebels did not shoot him, but whipped him with a whip, after which he was forced to resign. The guerrillas also seized the post office and disarmed the soldiers and officers on the train.
On the same day, the estate "Jozefov" in the Pinsk povet and the estate "Dukshty" in the Sventsian district were destroyed.
On the night of October 2–3, 1924, 30 people destroyed the estate and the police station in Kazhan-Gorodok.

On October 14, partisans burned down a railway bridge in the Nesvizh district.
However, not all actions of the partisans can be called infallible and successful. The partisan detachments suffered tangible losses in early November 1924. On November 3, 35 partisans seized a train on the Brest - Baranovichi railway line. In doing so, they killed one police officer and wounded two officers. More than a thousand people were thrown in pursuit of the partisans. On November 6, the surrounded partisans broke through the cordon with a fight and left. However, on the night of November 12-13, 16 people were arrested, four of them were shot, and four were sentenced to life imprisonment.
The actions of Orlovsky and Vaupshasov worried the Polish leadership so much that it announced a large reward for their capture (the order mentions Mukha-Mikhalsky - one of the pseudonyms used by our saboteurs).

"PRESIDIUM OF THE POLISH
A 1131
9 / V-1924
Contents: assignment of a reward for the capture of Mukha-Mikhalsky.
To Mr. Starosta (with his own hand) in Stolin.
On the basis of a submission from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers appointed 10 billion marks for the capture of the bandit Mukhi-Michalskiy, and at the same time promised a reward of up to 5 billion marks to the one who would provide the relevant information to the police and help to capture the said bandit. "

In 1925, the Soviet leadership instructed the partisan detachments to stop "partisan methods of struggle and concentrate all efforts on organizing mass work among the peasants." In June 1925, the insurgent detachments were disbanded, some of the militants moved to the BSSR, while the other remained in Poland, moving to live in districts remote from their native places.

Later, from 1925 to 1930, Orlovsky studied at the Markhlevsky Communist University of the National Minorities of the West. This university trained political workers from representatives of the nationalities of the West of the USSR, on the basis of the Lithuanian-Jewish-Latvian, German, Polish, Romanian higher party schools.
Orlovsky used the vast experience gained during his work as a saboteur in Poland - from 1930 to 1936 he worked at a special department of the NKVD of the BSSR for the selection and training of Krasnopartisan personnel for wartime.

In 1936, at his personal request, Orlovsky worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of the construction site for the GULAG system.

In 1937, he went to help the Republicans in Spain, where he acted under the pseudonym Striker (from striker - firing pin in the trigger of small arms).

Here is one of his reports:

Top secret.
The only instance
I report that on May 30, 1937, I was with a group of 10 Spaniards and one Russian [ Stepan Grushko] crossed the front line and went deep into the rear of the Nazis for sabotage work.
From May 30 to July 20, 1937, with the aforementioned group, I covered 750 km behind enemy lines, and only once on July 15 was the group discovered by the enemy, which I will write about below.
During the mentioned time, I carried out the following work with the mentioned group:
On the night of June 2 to 3, 1937, an enemy freight train was blown up near Mount Captain on the railway. the Sevilla-Badajoz line.
At night, or rather at 10 pm, on June 11, 1937, I blew up a passenger train on the railway. the Sevilla - Casaglia de la Sierra lines near El Pedroso station. The aforementioned explosion did not result in significant destruction and casualties, because the charge was placed hastily - not downhill, and the train was moving very quietly. At that time, my group and I were 300 meters from the train in the forest, and when I learned that the train turned out to be a passenger train, I insisted to quickly go to the train and kill at least the command staff of the enemy, but most of the Spaniards in the group belong to the Nazis, and from which partisans, in particular, I with a group at every kilometer had to receive support.
Over the course of 33 days, my group and I passed three provinces of 500 km, where there were dozens of rather vulnerable spots for the enemy, which were quite feasible for me and the group to carry them out and thereby deliver strikes to the enemy from the rear. For example, 30 kilometers south of the city of Seville, there are three water supply machines that irrigate thousands of hectares of rice paddies that cost 11 million pesetas, which are guarded by three civilian fascists.
... I insisted on the destruction of these vehicles, but the majority of the group's personnel both from this and other similar operations refused, and therefore from July 2 to 7 I cleaned the group's personnel, or rather, removed them from further campaigns with my group 7 a man of selfishness, simulants and cowards: Himepe, Patricio, Valensoila, Madio, Rassaval, Varmoudes and Parra - and replacing them with more disciplined and resilient partisans from a detachment located in the mountains, which is 50 km north-west of Seville in order to revive and activate in combat relation group. I did this on July 7 with 8 people. Spaniards and 1 person. Russians moved east.
On July 10, on the road going from Seville to Badajoz, or rather, on this road 30 km north of Seville, I decided to ambush the enemy vehicles in order to destroy his manpower and transport, but when I began to discuss this operation with the people of my group for 3-4 hours before its completion, then immediately three people of the Spaniards drifted and refused to participate in this operation. At 8 o'clock in the evening, 7 people came out on the mentioned road - they killed 17 Nazis, 2 people wounded and destroyed 2 trucks and one passenger car. Then they themselves retreated to the huge mountains. It was a truly heroic operation. Not far from Seville, in the afternoon with a small group of my fighters, a blow was struck to the fascists. I must say that the operation of the Thompson light machine gun had a stunning effect on the enemy and that two days later at night, crossing the same road, we had to wait two hours for a car in order to give the enemy a second time that not everything was safe in his rear.
So at night the movement of vehicles on this road is significantly suspended. In addition, this operation of mine served as a signal for the actions of those 3,000 partisans who have been sitting not far from this place for 10 months and doing nothing.
Me and my assistant Stepan Grushko planned to carry out three more operations, namely:
1) blow up another train;
2) blow up a power line that supplies electricity to all cities in the province of Seville, thereby depriving a dozen cities of electricity for 2-3 days;
3) to remove with the whole family the landowner who on June 4 told the fascists that his shepherd noticed us, partisans, in such and such a place.
I failed to carry out the indicated operations only because on July 13, at 5 pm, 15 kilometers northeast of the city of El Real de la Jara (province of Seville), moving through the mountains, I came across 30 people of fascists sitting in an ambush, which fired on us 2-3 volleys from rifles, as a result of which my assistant, Comrade. Grushko Stepan and one Spaniard Dominguez was seriously wounded, who later shot himself. I, running behind a large mountain cliff, immediately fired 45 rounds from a rifle at the Nazis and threw one hand grenade, which had such a terrible effect on the Nazis that they did not rise until dark, but when it got dark, they fled into the city, while I the Spaniards took from the dead, as well as the abandoned part of our weapons and the duffel bag. Grushko and left towards the front, and Comrade. Fereida (a Spaniard) after the battle broke away from the group and, most likely, went back to the mountains northwest of Seville.
Why did the fascists set up an ambush? It's very simple - the Spanish gullibility towards the Spaniards ruins them and business. On the morning of July 13th, we met three shepherds grazing pigs. I offered to detain one of them until the evening, and the Spaniards unanimously told me that they were workers, that they were "on the board", etc., but in fact it turned out that one of these shepherds went to the city of Real and handed to the fascists about our group and about our nearest direction.
With this I am attaching the door a map with the designation of my entire route with the designation of points of all those places where we stopped for days.
Conclusions. The reader of this short report may think that I made a heroic campaign with the group, spent a lot of energy with incredible tension of the nerves, that as soon as I (Strick) could withstand a broken spine, rheumatism in the joints of the legs and at the age of 43 this path and all its difficulties? Yes, the difficulties, the expenditure of energy and the tension of the nerves are incredibly great. Along the mountains, rocks, cliffs dotted with stones with thorny bushes and thorny grass, we walked 750 km exclusively at night, often without food and water. Particularly difficult and difficult were those hours and days for me, as the leader of the group, when most Spaniards refused to carry out the operations I had planned and developed (due to cowardice), when they were too trusting of all the Spaniards they met on the way, telling them our path and our goals, which at any time could lead to the defeat of the group, and when some of them fell asleep in part at the post.
I overcame all this thanks to unlimited hatred for the enemies of the people, the fascists, and love for my work, for my profession. But if I made this campaign with more combat-ready partisans, the result of our work would be many times better. Although I showed 15 Spaniards what difficulties, perseverance, perseverance, etc., it is necessary to achieve victory over the enemy, but I did not show and for all my persistent desire I could not show them my experience, tactics, method, etc. because they by their nature do not want and do not think that one good man (an agent) behind enemy lines can be more useful than a whole brigade at the front, since there are a lot of vulnerable and unguarded places in the rear, which, being in the rear, they say the least about work.

The leadership of the international brigade called this raid "unparalleled", however, Orlovsky himself was dissatisfied with the result, believing that the effect would have been incomparably greater if it were not for the cowardice and slovenliness of the Spaniards. After the campaign, a categorical order was issued by the corps command not to give K.P. Orlovsky, distinguished by exceptional personal courage, such tasks in order to avoid unreasonable risks. Orlovsky was appointed advisor to the Madrid International Reconnaissance and Saboteur Detachment. However, he took the groups out on raids twice more. During one of the last fights with the Francoists, Kirill Prokofievich received a severe concussion of the spine from a close burst of a grenade. In November 1938, Orlovsky returned to the USSR. For the courage and heroism shown in battles with the Spanish fascists, Kirill Prokofievich was awarded the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin, which was presented in the hospital. The doctors made a harsh conclusion - to dismiss him, he is not suitable for work in the special services.
By the way, Orlovsky spent a whole week in Madrid in the same Gaylord hotel with Hemingway and talked to him. He also became the prototype for Robert Jordan in Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls.

Employees of the personnel department of the NKVD helped with employment, and he was sent as deputy rector for households of the Orenburg (then Chkalovsky) Agricultural Institute, where the restless Orlovsky not only did his job, but also managed to study by attending classes. Orlovsky's unbending will brought him back into action a year later. Information about his stay in Orenburg is sketchy. Professor G.M. Udovin, recalling him, remarked: “I have not met the best vice-rector for the economic part. He was a man of his word, always fulfilling his duties. "

In March 1941, under the guise of an employee of the People's Commissariat of Nonferrous Metallurgy, Orlovsky leaves for Alma-Ata to organize a base of our agents in China - a big war with Japan was expected and Kirill Prokofievich's experience was very useful. Having organized work at the base, Orlovsky with a special assignment leaves for Xinjiang (China), where he saves our resident, snatching him literally from under the nose of the Chinese counterintelligence and taking him to the USSR in a bale of cotton wool.
Here are some excerpts from the material "And Hitler Wanted to Defeat Such People?" from the news release of the Mogilev Higher College of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus "Serving the Fatherland!"

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War "Kirill" (this is how KP Orlovsky began to pass in the operational correspondence) met in Xinjiang.

Having recently returned from the crucible of the Spanish war and plunged into the quiet measured Kuldzhin life, "Kirill" felt uncomfortable and uncomfortable in Xinjiang. His soul was torn to his native Belarus, captured by the enemy (on the sixth day of the war, the Nazis captured Minsk). And therefore it is not surprising that contradictions began to arise between him and the resident Mirab on this basis. In conversations with "Mirab" "Kirill" repeatedly said: "I am a guerrilla fighter, not an operative."
Already on August 31, 1941, "Mirab" reported to Moscow "Victor" (the head of the 1st Directorate of the NKGB of the USSR P.M. Fitin):

"Kirill" asks to send him to the rear of the fascists for a covert struggle. Knows well the area of \u200b\u200bBrest, Baranovichi, Pinsk. Leaving for Xinjiang, "Cyril" left in Marseilles (Alma-Ata) a report on his work in these areas. If Kirill's request is satisfied, then I ask you to register a person who knows the Kazakh language instead. "
On September 7, 1941, the following reply from "Victor" was received from Moscow: "Whenever necessary we will use" Kirill "at another job. Now he must work in the military at the area entrusted to him."
But "Cyril" did not rest on this. On December 8, 1941, he directly addressed a letter to the then People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR L.P. Beria.

Here is Orlovsky's letter to Beria:

"Pavel"
From the manager of the Geological Department in
Xinjiang Orlovsky
STATEMENT
I ask for your order to send me to the rear of the German fascist troops for the Red partisan and sabotage work, where I can bring incomparably more benefits in defending the socialist fatherland than being here in economic work, since in Red partisan and sabotage work I have experience not only in in the rear of the German occupiers in 1919 and in the rear of the White Poles from 1920 to 1925, but also in the deep rear of the fascist troops in Spain in 1937.
For seven years of work, I had to illegally cross the front lines and state borders dozens of times and conduct dozens of Red partisan and sabotage combat operations, smash the enemy, destroy his communications and instill panic in them. In September 1941, I wrote such a statement to Comrade Fitin, but I received the following answer through Comrade Shibaev: "We have received your statement. We mean, we will call if necessary."
I think that the need for this work is now more than ever, and that if you send me, I will give all my thoughts, feelings, heart and, as before, will smash the sworn enemy of humanity german fascists and destroy (in the rear) the fascist scum that invaded our Soviet land. 8.12.41g. Orlovsky "

The facts presented in the archives show that "Mirab" and the intelligence department of the NKGB of Kazakhstan were in no hurry to send "Kirill "'s statement to the addressee. Only in February 1942, the intelligence department of the NKGB of Kazakhstan sent to the Center a report “Kirill” to LP Beria with a request to send him to the rear of the German army, considering it expedient to satisfy this request.
"Kirill", not knowing about the unhurried actions of the intelligence department and not waiting for a response to his letter, on March 17, 1942 wrote a statement addressed to the Chairman of the USSR State Defense Committee I.V. Stalin. This time the actions of "Mirab" and the intelligence department of the NKGB of Kazakhstan were immediate.
Unfortunately, this letter is not in the file. Apparently, the intelligence officers did not dare to make a copy of the document addressed personally to I.V. Stalin. The content of the report can only be judged by the encryption of "Mirab" sent from Kulja on the same day to the Center to "Victor" and "Alexandrov". "Mirab reported that on March 17, 1942," Kirill "presented a letter addressed to IV Stalin, in which he indicated his capabilities to work behind German lines in the regions of Belarus (knowledge of the language, customs, the presence of old ties among the population), asked send him deep into the rear for partisan and sabotage work, believing that this activity can bring more benefit. ”Mirab's telegram had a resolution:“ Comrade Miroshin urgently send an application for appointment, send a copy with our detailed certificate to Comrade Sudoplatov ".

On March 29, 1942, the long-awaited reply came from the Center. "Victor" said that "Kirill" was returning to Moscow, and asked to arrange for his family in Alma-Ata.

He became the commander of the special-purpose partisan detachment "Falcons" operating in the Baranovichi region of the Byelorussian SSR. The detachment led by him successfully carried out a number of operations to destroy industrial facilities and military echelons of the enemy. The actions of the people's avengers met with warm support from the population of the temporarily occupied areas, so the ranks of the partisans were constantly replenished, and in 1943 the detachment of K.P. Orlovsky consisted of more than 350 fighters.

On February 17, 1943, skillfully organizing an ambush, the soldiers of the Falcons detachment destroyed the commissar general of the city of Baranovichi Friedrich French, the Gebiitskommissar of the Baranovichi region Friedrich Stuhr and the Obergruppenfuehrer of the SS troops Ferdinand Zasornas, seizing important documents and weapons. In this battle, K.P. Orlovsky was seriously wounded, having lost his right arm on his shoulder, and on his left - 4 fingers, but did not stop leading the operation until he led the detachment to a safe place.

This is how Kirill Orlovsky himself describes what happened in the future:

“I was badly injured. I don't know why I didn't bleed out. Apparently, the blood-soaked snow became like a bandage.
There is no doctor in our unit. I had to take me to a neighboring squad. The doctor thought that without anesthesia I would not survive the operation. I said: "Let's go without anesthesia." The doctor replied, "I don't have a saw." They got him a saw. Hand saw-hacksaw. It was sharpened, cleaned with emery, boiled in boiling water.
They decided to do the operation in the open air - it's dark in the dugout. They drove stakes into the snow, put skis on them. But I didn't have to lie on this surgical table for long.
The Nazis staged a raid. They threw me into a sleigh, threw me into sheepskin coats and drove me thirty kilometers. I waited for the fight to end. Then the doctor finished the operation, and before that he had no time - he worked for the second number at the machine gun.
You see how much I endured, but in order to live, I had to endure it.
After three months I got up. The partisans did not let me become a cripple. I again commanded my squad. And, apparently, we beat the enemy well. When newcomers came to the detachment, they asked Comrade Burukikh. This is a good glory! And glory is like wings for a person.
In the fall I was summoned to Moscow. I went to my house and stopped in front of the door. The wife and children were outside the door. I knocked on the door with my foot, because there was nothing to call me ... "

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943 for courage and courage shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Oryol Kirill Prokofievich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 1720).

So, due to severe physical injuries - he had only one finger left from both hands - Kirill Prokofievich could no longer fight. It would seem that all that remains is to quietly live out their days, since the state has provided it materially. But he was a man of a different character. On July 6, 1944, when the war was still going on and Belarus was not completely liberated, he wrote a letter to Stalin asking him to appoint him as chairman of the Krasny Partisan collective farm in his native village in the Mogilev region. This letter is in full:

“Moscow, the Kremlin, to Comrade Stalin.
From the Hero of the Soviet Union
lieutenant colonel of state
security
Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich.
Statement.
Dear Comrade Stalin!
Allow me to hold your attention for a few minutes, express to you my thoughts, feelings and aspirations.
I was born in 1895 in the village. Myshkovichi of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region in the family of a middle peasant.
Until 1915 he worked and studied in his agriculture, in the village of Myshkovichi.
From 1915 to 1918 he served in the tsarist army as the commander of a sapper platoon.
From 1918 to 1925 he worked in the rear of the German invaders, White Poles and Belolitians as commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups. He fought for four months at the same time. Western front against the White Poles, for two months against the troops of General Yudenich and for eight months he studied in Moscow at the 1st Moscow Infantry Commanding Course.
From 1925 to 1930 he studied in Moscow at the Komvuz of the Peoples of the West.
From 1930 to 1936 he worked in a special group of the NKVD of the USSR for the selection and training of sabotage-partisan personnel in case of a war with the German-fascist invaders in Belarus.
1936 worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of a construction site.
Throughout 1937 he was on a business trip in Spain, where he fought in the rear of the fascist troops as the commander of a sabotage and partisan group.
1939 - 1940 he worked and studied at the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute.
1941 was on a special mission in Western China, from where, at his personal request, he was recalled and sent to the deep rear of the German invaders as the commander of a reconnaissance and sabotage group.
Thus, from 1918 to 1943, I was fortunate enough to work in the rear of the enemies of the USSR for 8 years as a commander of partisan detachments and sabotage groups, illegally cross the front line and the state border more than 70 times, carry out government assignments, kill hundreds of notorious enemies of the Soviet Union as in a military , and in peacetime, for which the Government of the USSR awarded me two Orders of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918. I have no party penalties.
On the night of February 17, 1943, secret intelligence brought me information that on 17 / II-43 on one of the roads of the Baranovichi region, Wilhelm Kube (General Commissioner of Belarus), Friedrich Fens (Commissioner of three regions of Belarus), Obergruppenführer Zacharius, 10 officers and 40-50 of their guards.
At that time, I had only 12 of my soldiers, armed with one light machine gun, seven machine guns and three rifles. In the daytime, in an open area, on the road, it was quite risky to attack the enemy, but it was not in my nature to miss a large fascist reptile, and therefore, even before dawn, I brought my soldiers in white camouflage coats to the road, laid them in a chain and disguised them in snow pits 20 meters from the road along which the enemy was supposed to drive.
For twelve hours in the snow pits, my comrades and I had to lie and wait patiently ...
At six o'clock in the evening, an enemy transport appeared from behind the hillock, and when the carts approached our chain, our machine-gun fire was opened at my signal, as a result of which Friedrich Fens, 8 officers, Zacharius and more than 30 guards were killed.
My comrades calmly took away all the fascist weapons and documents, took off their best clothes and in an organized way went into the forest, to their base.
There were no casualties on our side. In this battle, I was seriously wounded and contused, as a result of which my right arm was amputated along the shoulder, 4 fingers on the left, and the auditory nerve was damaged by 50-60%. In the same place, in the forests of the Baranovichi region, I became physically stronger and in August 1943 I was called to Moscow by a radiogram.
Thanks to the People's Commissar state security For comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate Comrade Sudoplatov, I am living very well financially. Morally - bad.
The party of Lenin - Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful labor.
Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted all my time to working on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.
My stay at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the bottom in obtaining such a quantity of knowledge that can provide the organization of an exemplary collective farm.
If the Government of the USSR issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in goods terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then in my homeland, in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirovsky district, Mogilev region, in the collective farm "Red Partisan" until 1950 I would have achieved the following indicators:
1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms per fodder cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the percentage of milk fat.
2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 get no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. Collective farm forces in 1950 will planted a one hundred hectares orchard in accordance with all agrotechnical rules developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 decorative trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:
1) shed for M – P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) shed for M – P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle number 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) barn for young cattle number 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machines, implements and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
8) a power plant, with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricant;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) house for kindergarten - 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storage of sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick lining of the walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the forces of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-maintained, cultural settlement drowning in fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.
I must say that the gross income of the Krasny Partizan collective farm of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.
According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.
Along with the organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members, which will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and loyal to the party of Lenin and Stalin.
Before writing this statement to you and assuming these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I will do the above work to the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be indicative farm for collective farmers in Belarus. Therefore, I am asking for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, about sending me to this job and providing the loan I am asking for.
If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.
Application:
1. Description of the collective farm "Krasny Partizan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the purchased credit.
Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944
moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment,
house number 10a, apt. 46, tel. Г-6-60-46 ".

Stalin granted Orlovsky's request. Orlovsky handed over his Moscow apartment to the state and went to his village. In January 1945, he was elected chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" (that is how the "Red Partisan" became known) of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.

This is how Orlovsky himself recalls the beginning of his career:
“Near the burnt huts, children, old people, several invalids have gathered ... On the horizon, shaggy tails of smoke are visible, the fires in liberated Bobruisk have not yet been extinguished. The Belarusian land lies in ruins and ashes, nothing has survived in Myshkovichi from the former collective farm ...
At the first meeting of collective farmers there was a lot of talk about how to start, what to undertake, to what business first to stick to. The most powerful thing that remained in the memory was that even then the collective farmers had a clear sense of collectivization, a sense of a united family. Along with this feeling was born the belief that soon everything will be fine again. "
Under the leadership of the Oryol collective farm "Rassvet" became the first in post-war USSR collective farm millionaire.

This is a photograph from "Ogonyok" in 1956 - the youth of the "Rassvet" collective farm gathers at the house of culture after sunset. Orlovsky's story is also published there: "Now we have the opportunity to pay well for the work of collective farmers. For each workday, three kilograms of grain, ten kilograms of potatoes, a kilogram of vegetables, 30 rubles in money are issued."

Kirill Prokofievich became the prototype for the protagonist of the film "The Chairman", filmed in 1964, about a soldier returning to his native village to restore a ruined collective farm.

In 1958 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin. For military and labor merits he was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner, and many medals. Was elected as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the third-seventh convocations. In 1956-61 he was a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee.

Kirill Prokofievich died on January 13, 1968. After his death, the collective farm "Dawn" began to be called after him.

Here is what the magazine "Krugozor" wrote about him in 1969.

From the story "Rebellious Heart"

« In the spacious room, besides the desk, there are rows of chairs for about a hundred people. Dawn party meetings and seminars are held here. Here they receive guests, and all year round at six in the morning, and in a bad season, the collective farm leadership gathers here for an outfit. In this room, all big and small issues are solved. Yesterday I submitted an application - today the answer. They are resolved openly, with the widest possible transparency and in compliance with democratic norms.
“It's twelve degrees today, the barometer is at clear. What are the plans, we'll see, - says the chairman Orlovsky. - The first brigade? ..
The work for the day has been approved. Kirill Prokofievich bends over the table, reads the statement. Collective farmer Elena Belyavskaya writes that eighty-six rubles were unjustly deducted from her for the not delivered cucumber seeds.
After reading the statement, Kirill Prkofievich takes off his glasses.
“Nine years ago,” he says, after a pause, “Anton Moiseevich Belyavsky died at about the same time. An ordinary old man, a night watchman. We considered him the simplest and most ordinary while he lived. And when he died, they saw that he had a wonderful soul - a wonderful soul of a patriot of the Rassvet collective farm. He loved the collective farm with all his heart. It's easy to be called a human, but to be human is not easy. Anton Belyavsky was like that. I think we should put up a monument to him.
A sob was heard in the back rows.
- And Anton Belyavsky has a widow, Elena. Let's figure out whether she is a fair woman, or whether she was not a match for Anton, she looks like she can pull what is possible from the collective farm. Well, tell me, Elena, what are your grievances?
The old woman got up, wiping away a tear, and spoke:
- Semyon zheltyakov brought me in the fall and says: "There's a ton here." Ton is so ton, I haven't checked. She husked everything, dried it as expected, and handed it over. And suddenly, at the final calculation - eighty-six rubles. This is unfair. I have worked and I work in good faith ...
Collective farm accountant Ivan Fomich asks for the floor. Loudly, remembering Orlovsky's weak hearing, he gives an accurate reference:
- Elena Belyavskaya and her neighbor Elizaveta Tsed received the same amount of cucumbers according to the documents, and donated seeds ... Elena is eighty-six rubles twenty kopecks less than the norm, and Elizaveta - eighty-nine rubles more than the norm. The cucumbers are the same, from the same car.
- Do you understand, comrades, what is the matter? - explains Orlovsky. - We give the elderly collective farmers a job they can - they are homeworkers. They gave them seed cucumbers to peel: seed growing is a very profitable business. Well, and someone, you see, wants to warm their hands on this. - Kirill Prokofievich turned to the foreman of the garden brigade Semyon Korzun: - Share your experience, how can you rob collective farmers?
- I poured it into the eye, I had no selfish thoughts, - the foreman choked with excitement.
- Sit down! - Orlovsky turned to the audience: - Is it clear what is the matter, or is it still necessary to explain?
- I see!
- And if it is clear, my proposal is ... On the foreman Semyon Korzun for an attempt to violate the accounting of material assets, which is a prerequisite for theft, to impose a fine. Do not collect money from Elena Belyavskaya.
The hum of approval.
- Thank you, Elena! Well done, did not put her husband to shame!

Valentin Ponomarev "

And here is how the collective farmers themselves remember him:
« It's hard to stay in everyone's memory. Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky, the former chairman of the Rassvet collective farm, became so famous. The old collective farmer Daria Ivanovna, whom I asked about the late Orlovsky, said: “We all remember him as we did yesterday. After all, in everyone's life, he ... ”However, the history of the collective farm, which has grown on the former ashes, the history of the growth of its people and well-being is known in our country. They know that this is due to the name of the Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of Socialist Labor Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky.
I took these photographs last fall at the Kirill Orlovsky collective farm. (This title contains the good will of the collective farmers, which they expressed after the death of their chairman.) I took pictures of people. And it was possible to rent new farms, solid houses, arable land reclaimed from the swamps. But I filmed people. Because they did it all. Together with Kirill Orlovsky.

L. Lazarev "

The millionaire collective farm continued to develop successfully further. This is what the economy was like under his successor Vasily Konstantinovich Starovoitov, who was the chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" named after K.P. Orlovsky from 1968 to 1997
The collective farm had a machine yard, a vegetable factory, a sewing, dairy and sausage workshop, carpentry and locksmith workshops, a mill, a mineral water bottling workshop, high school, a shopping center, a kindergarten, a restaurant, a hotel, a stadium, a library, a post office, a public bath, a paramedic and obstetric center, a comprehensive reception center for consumer services, automatic telephone exchange, the Palace of Culture, a children's music school.

Orlovsky's autobiography, written by him in 1941.

"Autobiography
I, Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich, was born on 18/1-95 in the village. Myshkovichi of the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region in the family of a middle peasant. Until 1915 he lived with his parents in the village. Myshkovichi.
From 1915 to 1918 he served in the tsarist army, first in the 251 infantry. reserve regiment as a private, and in 1917 he served in the 65th infantry. rifle regiment, on the western front, commander of a sapper platoon.
In 1918, living in the village. Myshkovichi, I contacted the underground committee of the Bolshevik Party in the mountains. Bobruisk and on the instructions of the latter from June to December 1918 he worked as the commander of the Krasnopartisan detachment in the rear of the German invaders.
Throughout 1919 he worked in the Bobruisk Ch.K. as an employee, he studied at the courses of the command staff of the Red Army and at the same time, as a cadet, fought on the Western Front against the White Poles and the Leningrad Front against the troops of General Yudenich.
In May 1920, I graduated from the 1st Moscow Infantry Command Training Course, I was sent to the headquarters of the Western Front in the mountains. Smolensk, from where 21 / V-20 of the year was transferred to the rear of the White Poles, to the Mozyr and Glussky forests to organize the Red Partisan detachments.
From May to July 1920, in the rear of the White Poles, I organized a Red Partisan detachment, with which I blew up one Zhel.Dor. bridge, destroyed two wooden bridges, took the enemy's train of 60 carts and killed at least 200 people. White Poles.
From 1920 to 1925, on the instructions of the Intelligence Agency, he worked in the rear of the White Poles, on the territory of Western Belarus, as the head of the section, or rather, he was the organizer and commander of the Red partisan detachments and sabotage groups, where, over five years, I made several dozen military operations , namely:
1. Three passenger trains were stopped,
2. One Zhel.Dor was blown up. bridge,
3. Two Zhel.Dor were involved. stations,
4. Three places were engaged,
5. Deals with several landlord estates.
6. In 1924 alone, more than 100 people were killed on my initiative and personally by me. gendarmes and landlords.
For seven years of combat Red partisan work, I lost my soldiers killed 3 people and about 10 people wounded.
From May 1925 to May 1930 I studied and graduated from the komvuz nat. minorities of the peoples of the West in Moscow.
From 1930 to 1936 he worked at a special department of the NKVD of the BSSR for the selection and training of Red partisan personnel for wartime. This work was called "Special Bureau".
Throughout 1936, at his own request, he worked on the construction of the Moscow-Volga canal as the head of the construction site.
The entire 1937 was on a business trip to Spain, where he worked for two months in the deep rear of the Nazis on sabotage work.
1938 was on courses at the Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR.
1939-1940 he worked in the town of Chkalov in the agricultural institute at the administrative farm.
From July 1940 to the present at the 5th department of the GUGB.
Member of the CPSU (b) since 1918 and have not had any party and administrative penalties and do not have.
I have not had and do not have any relatives who have been expelled, expelled, foreign citizens, living abroad; All my relatives work at the Krasny Partizan collective farm in the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
For combat work behind enemy lines by the government of the USSR awarded the order Lenin and the government of the BSSR with the Order of the BSSR Red Banner of Labor.
10 / II-41, Orlovsky ".

Hero of the Soviet Union Kirill Prokofievich Chernov

Chernov Kirill Prokofievich - Commander of the 9th Guards Separate Fighter-Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade (47th Army, Voronezh Front), Guard Lieutenant Colonel.

Born on May 27 (June 8 - in a new style), 1907 in the village of Omelenskaya Sloboda, now Bobruisk district, Mogilev region, in a peasant family. Belarusian. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1930. Graduated from 7 classes. He worked as a mechanic at the Bobruisk timber processing plant.

In the Red Army since 1929. Graduated from the Joint Military School in 1933, the Higher Officer Artillery School. On the fronts of the Great Patriotic War since August 1941. At Stalingrad, he commanded an anti-tank artillery regiment, in Battle of Kursk - an artillery brigade. Here, Chernov's soldiers in just one day, on July 7, south of Lukhanin, together with a tank regiment, destroyed more than 80 enemy armored vehicles. He distinguished himself in battles on the Dnieper. Commander of the 9th Guards Separate Fighter-Anti-Tank Artillery Brigade of the 47th Army Voronezh front Guard Lieutenant Colonel Chernov received an order to eliminate the enemy's attempts to enter the rear of the 47th Army near the village of Gelmyazov, Drabovsky District, Cherkasy Region. The enemy, with up to 40 tanks with armored vehicles and tankettes, counterattacked our positions several times, trying to break through the brigade front and leave the village of Chernobay on the Bohodukhiv-Zolotonosha highway.

In the battles of September 22, 1943, the gunners of the brigade of Lieutenant Colonel Chernov destroyed six tanks, eight armored vehicles and armored personnel carriers, two tankettes. The enemy did not pass in this sector and, under the rapid onslaught of our troops, rolled over the Dnieper.

On October 2, 1943, a critical situation arose on the right bank of the Dnieper. The Nazis by one force rifle division and a battalion of motorcyclists with the support of artillery tried to overturn our troops into the river. After two hours of artillery preparation, the Nazis launched an attack. The brigade was urgently transferred to the right-bank bridgehead in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Pekari (Kanevsky district of the Cherkasy region) and entered the battle. The brigade commander was at the brigade's observation post and directed the battle. All artillery regiments fought bravely to hold the captured bridgehead, repulsed all enemy attacks and ensured not only the holding of the bridgehead, but also its significant expansion. In two days of fighting, the brigade knocked out 35 tanks and destroyed up to two enemy infantry regiments.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 24, 1943 for courage, courage and heroism shown in the fight against the Nazi invaders, Guard Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Prokofievich Chernov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 3650) ...

The brigade took part in the battles for the liberation of Kiev and was named "Kievskaya". In the battle on the approaches to Western Ukraine, K.P. Chernov was seriously wounded. Returning from the hospital, already as the commander of the 170th Light Artillery Brigade, he participated in the defeat of the Nazi troops in Hungary and Austria. In 1946 he graduated from the Higher Academic Artillery Courses.

Since 1961, Major General of Artillery Chernov has been in reserve. Lived and worked in Nizhny Novgorod. He died on October 18, 1972. He was buried in Nizhny Novgorod at the Maryina Roshcha cemetery.

He was awarded two Orders of Lenin (24.12.43; 05.11.54), three Orders of the Red Banner (17.01.42; 02.06.42; 15.11.50), Orders of Kutuzov 3rd degree (No. 2044 dated 18.04.45), Alexander Nevsky ( No. 3132 of 02/18/43), World War I 1st degree (09/12/43), Krasnaya Zvezda (04/30/45), medals.

Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich - commander of the Sokoly partisan detachment of the Baranovichi region of the Byelorussian SSR, lieutenant colonel of state security;
chairman of the collective farm "Rassvet" of the Kirov region of the Mogilev region of the Byelorussian SSR.
Born on January 18 (30), 1895 in the village of Myshkovichi, now the Kirovsky district of the Mogilev region (Belarus) in the family of a middle peasant. Russian. In 1910 he graduated from the parish school. He worked on his father's farm.
In 1915 he was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army. He served as a private in the 251st reserve infantry regiment (Moscow), in 1917 - in a sapper platoon of the 65th infantry regiment on the Western Front. After the February Revolution, he was elected as a platoon commander by soldiers. Member of the First World War, junior non-commissioned officer. After demobilization at the end of 1917, he returned to his homeland.
Participant Civil War since June 1918: a soldier of the Krasnokocherichsky partisan detachment in the Bobruisk province, fought against the German invaders. From December 1918 to May 1919 he was an employee of the Orsha district and Bobruisk provincial Cheka. In 1920 he graduated from the Moscow infantry command personnel courses.
In 1920-1935 he served in the organs of the GPU-NKVD of the USSR. In May 1920, with a detachment, he crossed the line of the Soviet-Polish front and until 1925 continuously participated in the so-called "active combat operations" in Lithuania and Poland as part of combat detachments formed on the territory of the RSFSR, thrown into the territory of these countries in order to deploy a massive partisan movement. Despite a number of successes, by the mid-1920s it became clear that the population was increasingly moving away from cooperation with the Soviet partisans, and it was decided to curtail combat work, in 1925 all the units were returned to the territory of the USSR. In May 1925 he crossed the border and K.P. Orlovsky.
Orlovsky was sent to study and in 1930 graduated from the Communist University of Western National Minorities. Since May 1930 - in the Office of the GPU for the Byelorussian SSR, authorized by the special department of the OGPU / NKVD in the 5th rifle corps (Bobruisk), was engaged in the selection of partisan personnel in case of war. Since January 1936 - head of a section on the construction of the Volga-Moscow canal.
In January 1937 - January 1938 he took part in the national revolutionary war of the Spanish people in 1936-1939, the commander of a sabotage and reconnaissance group. At the head of it, he made a number of exits to the rear of the enemy, and also performed a long 800-kilometer raid along the rear of the Francoists. From January 1938 he studied at special courses at the Special Department of the NKVD of the USSR in Moscow. Since February 1939 - assistant to the rector of the Chkalovsk Agricultural Institute (Chkalov, now Orenburg).
From July 1940 - in the 5th department of the Main Directorate of State Security of the NKVD of the USSR. Since March 1941 - on an overseas business trip in China under the guise of the head of the geological department. In March 1942, after repeated requests addressed to his leadership and People's Commissar L.P. Beria was returned to his homeland and enrolled in the apparatus of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.
Member of the Great Patriotic War since October 1942, when he was abandoned behind enemy lines, in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. KP Orlovsky was the commander of the special-purpose partisan detachment "Falcons" operating in the Baranovichi region of the Byelorussian SSR. The detachment led by him successfully carried out a number of operations to destroy industrial facilities and military echelons of the enemy. The actions of the people's avengers met with warm support from the population of the temporarily occupied areas, so the ranks of the partisans were constantly replenished, and in 1943 the detachment of K.P. Orlovsky consisted of more than 350 fighters.
On February 17, 1943, skillfully organizing an ambush, the soldiers of the Falcons detachment destroyed the general commissioner of the city of Baranovichi Friedrich Fenz, the Gebiitskommissar of the Baranovichi region Friedrich Stuhr and the Obergruppenfuehrer of the SS troops Ferdinand Zacharius, seizing important documents and weapons. In this battle, K.P. Orlovsky was seriously wounded, having lost both of his hands (the hands were amputated by a partisan doctor without anesthesia with an ordinary saw). After recovering, he continued to command the detachment.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 20, 1943, for the courage and courage shown in the struggle against the German fascist invaders, Orlovsky Kirill Prokofievich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
In August 1943 he was recalled to Moscow and continued to serve in the organs of the People's Commissariat for State Security of the Byelorussian SSR. Unable to fully perform official duties due to severe wounds and not wanting to be a disabled pensioner, in July 1944 he wrote to I.V. Stalin, where he asked to appoint him chairman of the collective farm in the liberated regions of the Belarusian USSR and promised to restore the economy and bring it to the front. Since December 1944, Lieutenant Colonel of State Security K.P. Orlovsky - in reserve for disability.
Since January 1945, a former partisan commander - chairman of the Rassvet collective farm, Mogilev region, Byelorussian SSR. In just a few post-war years, he managed to revive the economy. And in the late 1950s - early 1960s, the glory of the Rassvet collective farm thundered throughout the Soviet Union. Collective farmers of Orlovsky, one of the first in the country, earned a million in net profit. And, as his fellow countrymen recalled, although Kirill Prokofievich could not put on his boots on his own, but his will was enough to establish iron discipline on the collective farm, and turn the lagging collective farm into an advanced one.
By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 18, 1958 for the outstanding successes achieved in the development of agriculture for the production of grain, potatoes, flax, meat, milk and other agricultural products, and the introduction of scientific achievements and advanced experience into production OrlovskyKirill Prokofievichawarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
Candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee (1956-1961). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 3rd - 7th convocations (since 1950).
He died on January 13, 1968. He was buried in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirovsky district, Mogilev region (Belarus).
He was awarded 5 Orders of Lenin (11/13/1937; 09/20/1943; 12/30/1948; 01/18/1958; 03/22/1966), Orders of the Red Banner (04/30/1946), the Red Banner of Labor of the Belarusian SSR (1932), medals, including " For labor valor "(12/25/1959)," Partisan of the Patriotic War "1st degree (09/02/1943), honorary firearms from the OGPU USSR (11/06/1923).
A bronze bust of the Hero was installed in his homeland, where a museum was opened in memory of him. Streets of a number of cities in Belarus, a collective farm are named after him.
K.P. Orlovsky became the prototype of the protagonist in the legendary feature film of the mid-60s of the 20th century "The Chairman".

Thanks to the People's Commissar for State Security Comrade Merkulov and the head of the 4th Directorate, Comrade Sudoplatov, I am living very well financially. Morally - bad.
The party of Lenin - Stalin brought me up to work hard for the benefit of my beloved Motherland; my physical disabilities (loss of hands and deafness) do not allow me to work at my previous job, but the question arises: did I give everything for the Motherland and the party of Lenin-Stalin?
To my moral satisfaction, I am deeply convinced that I have enough physical strength, experience and knowledge in order to still be useful in peaceful labor.

Simultaneously with reconnaissance, sabotage and partisan work, I devoted all my time to working on agricultural literature.
From 1930 to 1936, due to the nature of my main job, I visited the collective farms of Belarus every day, thoroughly looked at this business and fell in love with it.
My stay at the Chkalovsky Agricultural Institute, as well as the Moscow Agricultural Exhibition, I used to the bottom in obtaining such a quantity of knowledge that can provide the organization of an exemplary collective farm.

If the Government of the USSR issued a loan in the amount of 2.175 thousand rubles in commodity terms and 125 thousand rubles in monetary terms, then in my homeland, in the village of Myshkovichi, Kirovsky district, Mogilev region, on the collective farm "Krasny Partizan" until 1950 I would have achieved the following indicators:

1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each fodder cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the% of milk fat.
2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 get no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. Collective farm forces in 1950 will planted a one hundred hectares orchard in accordance with all agrotechnical rules developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 decorative trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:
1) shed for M-P farms No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle number 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) barn for young cattle number 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machines, implements and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
8) a power plant, with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricant;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) kindergarten house - 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storage of sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick lining of the walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the forces of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-maintained, cultural settlement drowning in fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the Krasny Partizan collective farm of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.

Along with the organizational and economic work, I will find time and leisure to raise the ideological and political level of my collective farm members, which will make it possible to create strong party and Komsomol organizations on the collective farm from the most politically literate, cultured and loyal to the party of Lenin-Stalin people.

Before writing this statement to you and assuming these obligations, I have thoroughly considered many times, carefully weighing every step, every detail of this work, I came to the deep conviction that I will do the above work to the glory of our beloved Motherland and that this farm will be indicative farm for collective farmers in Belarus. Therefore, I am asking for your instructions, Comrade Stalin, about sending me to this job and providing the loan I am asking for.

If you have any questions about this application, please call me for an explanation.
Application:
1. Description of the collective farm "Krasny Partizan" of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region.
2. Topographic map showing the location of the collective farm.
3. Estimate of the purchased credit.
Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant Colonel of State Security Orlovsky.
July 6, 1944 Moscow, Frunzenskaya embankment, house number 10a, apt. 46, tel. G-6-60-46 "

1. From a hundred fodder cows (in 1950) I can achieve a milk yield of at least eight thousand kilograms for each fodder cow, at the same time I can increase the live weight of a dairy farm every year, improve the exterior, and also increase the% of milk fat.
2. Sow no less than seventy hectares of flax and in 1950 get no less than 20 centners of flax fiber from each hectare.
3. Sow 160 hectares of grain crops (rye, oats, barley) and in 1950 get at least 60 centners per hectare, provided that even in June-July there will be no rain. If it rains, the harvest will not be 60 centners per hectare, but 70 - 80 centners.
4. Collective farm forces in 1950 will planted a one hundred hectares orchard in accordance with all agrotechnical rules developed by agrotechnical science.
5. By 1948, three snow retention strips will be organized on the territory of the collective farm, on which at least 30,000 decorative trees will be planted.
6. By 1950 there will be at least one hundred bee farm families.
7. Until 1950, the following buildings will be built:
1) shed for M-P farm No. 1 - 810 sq. m;
2) shed for M-P farm No. 2 - 810 sq. m;
3) barn for young cattle number 1 - 620 sq. m;
4) barn for young cattle number 2 - 620 sq. m;
5) barn-stable for 40 horses - 800 sq. m;
6) granary for 950 tons of grain;
7) shed for storing agricultural machines, implements and mineral fertilizers - 950 sq. m;
8) a power plant, with a mill and a sawmill - 300 sq. m;
9) mechanical and carpentry workshops - 320 sq. m;
10) garage for 7 cars;
11) petrol storage for 100 tons of fuel and lubricant;
12) bakery - 75 sq. m;
13) bathhouse - 98 sq. m;
14) a club with a radio installation for 400 people;
15) kindergarten house - 180 sq. m;
16) barn for storage of sheaves and straw, chaff - 750 sq. m;
17) Riga No. 2 - 750 sq. m;
18) storage for root crops - 180 sq. m;
19) storage for root crops No. 2 - 180 sq. m;
20) silo pits with brick lining of the walls and bottom with a capacity of 450 cubic meters of silo;
21) storage for wintering bees - 130 sq. m;
22) by the forces of collective farmers and at the expense of collective farmers, a village with 200 apartments will be built, each apartment will consist of 2 rooms, a kitchen, a toilet and a small barn for the collective farmer's livestock and poultry. The settlement will be a type of a well-maintained, cultural settlement drowning in fruit and ornamental trees;
23) artesian wells - 6 pieces.

I must say that the gross income of the Krasny Partizan collective farm of the Kirov district of the Mogilev region in 1940 was only 167 thousand rubles.

According to my calculations, this same collective farm in 1950 can achieve a gross income of at least three million rubles.