Historical figures. Children who are capable of an act Dmitry voices hero of the soviet union

Golosov Dmitry Nikolaevich - commander of the 280th Konotop Red Banner Infantry Division of the 60th Army of the Central Front, Major General.

Born on September 7 (20), 1903 in the village of Russkaya Borkovka, now in the Stavropol District of the Samara Region, into a peasant family. Russian. Graduated from 5 classes.

In the Red Army since 1925. In 1926 he graduated from the regimental school, in 1931 - courses for command personnel, in 1940 - courses "Shot". Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1931. He commanded a platoon, company, battalion, regiment. Participant of the Great Patriotic War from the first day. From December 25, 1941 to June 29, 1942 and from October 21, 1942 to February 16, 1944, he commanded the 280th Infantry Division of the 2nd Formation.

The division under the command of D.N. Golosova on February 8, 1943, participated in the liberation of the city of Kursk (since April 27, 2007 - the City of Military Glory), and after the formation of the so-called " Kursk Bulge", Occupied combat positions in one of the most important sectors of the Oryol-Kursk direction as part of the troops of the Central Front. Having received reinforcements from the 280th Rifle Division, it was transferred to the very center of the Kursk Bulge, to the 60th Army of General I.D. Chernyakhovsky, who solved special problems.

By the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of February 22, 1943 No. 199, Colonel D.N. awarded the military rank "Major General".

In cooperation with other formations, during the Chernigov-Pripyat offensive operation troops of the Central Front, division of General D.N. Golosova on September 6, 1943, liberated the city of Konotop, Sumy region of Ukraine, for which she received the honorary name "Konotopskaya". Soon, September 9, 1943, with the active participation of the 280th rifle division the city of Bakhmach, Chernihiv region of Ukraine, was liberated. For excellent military operations during the liberation of the city of Nizhyn, Chernigov region of Ukraine on September 15, 1943, by the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin's unit, Major General Golosov was presented for the award of the Order of the Red Banner.

The commander of the 280th Konotop Red Banner Infantry Division (60th Army, Central Front), Major General Dmitry Golosov, distinguished himself in the fall of 1943 during the battle for the Dnieper.

September 25-26, 1943 entrusted to General Golosov D.N. The division was the first to cross the Dnieper River, took advantageous lines in the area of \u200b\u200bthe villages of Strakholesye, Rotichi, the Chernobyl region of the Kiev region of Ukraine and successfully conducted offensive operations, during which it destroyed thirty-nine guns, one hundred forty-three machine guns, over five and a half thousand enemy soldiers and officers, captured twenty-seven vehicles, ten warehouses with property, over two hundred and thirty prisoners.

Haveby the kaz of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 17, 1943 for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown in this case, Major General Golosov Dmitry Nikolaevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin Star "(No. 1891).

After the battle for the Dnieper, Major General Golosov's division distinguished itself during the assault on the city and a large railway junction Korosten, for which it flashed the Order of Suvorov of the 2nd degree on its Battle Banner, after that there were bloody battles for Zhitomir, the liberation of the city of Shepetovka. But soon Major General Golosov D.N. fell ill and until May 1944 was being treated in the hospital. During the war years he was wounded three times and shell-shocked twice ...

After the war he was on command positions... Was military commissar of the Perm region. Since 1951, Major General Golosov D.N. - retired.

Died November 19, 1960. He was buried in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara) at the city cemetery.

He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov 2nd degree, Bogdan Khmelnitsky 2nd degree, Red Star, medals.

Streets, a school in the city of Togliatti, Samara Region, and in his homeland in the village of Russkaya Borkovka, Stavropol District, Samara Region, where a bust of the renowned compatriot is installed, are named after the Hero.

Lesson-competition "Through the pages of the Great Patriotic War." 9-11 grades

Lesson objectives: broaden the horizons of students; check the knowledge of students about the Great Patriotic War; to repeat, generalize and consolidate educational material on the history of the Great Patriotic War; test the ability of students to work with the map and with additional literature.

Equipment: World War II map. Military operations from 1.IX.1939 to 22.VI.1941 ", map" The beginning of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. Military operations from 22.VI.1941 to 18.XI.1942 ", map" Defeat of fascist aggressors in Europe and North Africa (19.XI.1942 - 9.V.1945) ", map “The general course of the Second World War (1.IX.1939 - 2.IX.1945). Military action on Pacific and in Asia ”.

Portraits of Soviet military leaders, famous partisans, leaders of the underground movement, cultural, scientific, Church, political and statesmen; reproductions of paintings.

Attached to the board are tablets with the titles of sections and numbers of questions dedicated to the theme of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

There are 14 questions in each section, but of them 1 question does not belong to the section, but has a special mark “pig in a poke”. That is, this is a question that can relate to any topic from the history of the Second World War.

There are three teams participating in the competition. Initially, a toss is held between the teams for the right to start the game first. The draw takes place as follows. The presenter asks general question to teams. The team that answers the question first starts the competition.

GENERAL QUESTION TO TEAMS

Which of the leaders of our country, the patriarchs of All Russia and the Nobel laureates were participants in the war? (Answer.L.I.Brezhnev, Patriarch Pimen (Izvekov), A.I.Solzhenitsyn - writer, laureate Nobel Prize on literature.)

After the draw, the competition begins. The team that first enters the competition chooses the section and the number of the question (for example, the section "Feats", number 1), after which the leader reads out the question, and the team must give the correct answer. You have only 20 seconds to think about it. If the team is unable to answer the question, the leader can give the right to answer to other teams. But, if other teams are not able to give the correct answer, then the right to answer goes to the audience. The viewer who answered the question correctly receives a prize point, which he has the right to transfer to the team for which he supports. If the viewers cannot answer the question, then the presenter removes it. Each team receives one prize point for the correct answer. Additions to the answers can also be taken into account, but only half a point is given for them.

Preliminary preparation is carried out for the competition. Questions are given in advance (except for those marked "Pig in a poke"), but the question numbers are not named. Many questions involve students' work with additional literature, sources and documents. Students must show erudition, resourcefulness and wit.

The jury (it can be teachers, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, students) in the amount of 3-5 people oversees the course of the competition. The counting commission calculates the points and announces the final result of the competition (this role can be played by some members of the jury).

It should be noted that this event cannot be of an entertainment nature.

Questions by section

Feats

What deeds are mentioned here?

1. During the Great Patriotic War, about 300 such feats were committed. Among those who committed this heroic deed, the names of Alexander Pankratov, Alexandra Matrosova, Rimma Sherginova, Pyotr Guzhvin and many others. For this feat, 152 people were posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. What feat did they accomplish?

2. During the Great Patriotic War, such feats were performed by 220 Soviet pilots, of whom 94 became Heroes of the Soviet Union. Among them are the names of the pilot Zelenko, pilots G.A. Khrapia, I.I. Ivanov, N.F. Gastello, S.I. Zdorovtsev, M.P. Zhukov, P.T. Kharitonov, P. Chirkin, V.V. .Talalikhin and many other heroes. What feat did they accomplish?

3. "Puss in a poke". What city was the reserve capital of the USSR in the event of the capture of Moscow by the Germans?

4. These Soviet soldiers displayed miracles of bravery and heroism in the battle for Moscow. They performed their feat at the Dubosekovo junction, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Volokolamsk highway.

5. This feat during the war years was performed by thousands of Soviet people. The names of the heroes Alexandra Derevskaya, Shaakhmed Shamakhmudov, Fatima Kasimova became symbolic.

6. What feat is associated with the name of Sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov?

7. The feats that these Soviet soldiers performed fell on the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. The names of A.V. Lopatin, P.M. Gavrilov, E.M. Fomin, I.N. Zubachev, N.I. Dement'ev, N.A. Dedaev, E.M. Monin, A.K. Konstantinov, V.F. Mikhalkov, I.D.Buzytskov, N.G. Mikushev and many thousands of other heroes.

8. What feat did the Leningrad agronomists perform during the blockade of the city?

9. What feat is associated with the name of Ferapont Gavrilovich Golovaty?

10. During the Great Patriotic War, 154 people performed such feats. Of these, 93 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Among those who accomplished such a feat are the names of the hero of the defense of Sevastopol, Nikolai Filchenkov, the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, Panikha.

11. What an unprecedented feat in the history of war a prisoner performed soviet pilot Mikhail Devyatayev?

12. What feat during the Great Patriotic War did the 84-year-old peasant Matvey Kuzmin perform?

13. What feat is associated with the name of Yuri Vasilyevich Smirnov?

14. What feat is associated with the name of Natalia Kachuevskaya?

Dates

What events are behind these dates?

5. "Puss in a poke"... Taking care of children, whose parents died during the war, the leadership of the USSR decided to organize special educational institutions for them that would train career officers for the Soviet armed forces and navy... What educational institutions are we talking about?

Military operations

What are the names of these military operations?

1. Codename for offensive military operation soviet troops for the liberation of Belarus from the Germans.

2. The code name of the offensive military operation of the Soviet troops to liberate Donbass from the Germans by the troops Southwestern Front and the southern fronts.

3. The code name for the military operation of German troops to capture Stalingrad.

4. The code name for the offensive military operation of the Soviet troops to defeat the Oryol enemy grouping by the troops of the Western, Bryansk and Central fronts.

5. The code name for the secret German plan for an armed invasion of the USSR.

6. The code name for the offensive military operation of the Soviet troops to defeat the Belgorod-Kharkov enemy grouping by the troops of the Voronezh, Steppe and Southwestern fronts.

7. "Puss in a poke".How was the issue of vodka to Soviet soldiers rationed during the Great Patriotic War?

8. The code name for the offensive military operation of the German troops in the Kursk Bulge area.

9. The code name for the offensive military operation of the Soviet troops at Stalingrad.

10. The code name for the offensive military operation of the German troops to capture Moscow.

11. The code name for the offensive military operation of the Soviet troops to liberate the Kharkov industrial region and the main railway from the Germans by the forces of the Voronezh and Bryansk fronts.

12. The code name for the offensive military operation of the Soviet troops to break the blockade of Leningrad by the forces of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts.

13. The code name for the military operation of the Soviet troops to encircle the German troops in the Stalingrad area.

14. What military operations ended the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people?

Quotes and Sayings

What do you know about these statements, who do they belong to?

1. “Our cause is right. The enemy will be defeated. Victory will be ours!". These words were spoken by one of the leaders of our state during a radio speech on June 22, 1941.

2. "Puss in a poke".What are the innovations in the field school education appeared in the USSR during the war?

3. "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!" These words belong to one of the heroes during the battle for Moscow.

4. “I know that we will win, and death and the curse of all nations await you!”, “Above your head, comrades! Victory is near! " These words were pronounced by a Soviet scientist, military engineer, lieutenant general, professor. At the beginning of the war he was taken prisoner by Germany. Was in the Mauthausen concentration camp. He refused to go into the service of the Nazis. The Nazis executed him in 1945 for clandestine activities. They put him undressed in the cold and began to pour water from a fire hose until he froze.

5. “The pitiful descendants of the enemies of Orthodox Christianity want to once again bring the people to their knees before untruth, naked violence, to force them to sacrifice the good and the integrity of their homeland, blood covenants of love for their homeland.” Words from the address of the locum tenens of the patriarchal throne in Russia, Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, head of the Russian Orthodox Church.

6. “I am dying, but I am not giving up! Farewell, Motherland! "," We will die, but we will not leave the fortress! " These and other inscriptions on the walls were made by the border guards of one of the fortresses during the heroic defense.

7. "There is no land for us beyond the Volga!" The words belong to one of the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad, a wonderful sniper who personally killed 242 fascists, and his student snipers killed 1106 German soldiers and officers. These words became the slogan of the city's defenders.

8. "The danger to Russia is our danger and the danger of the United States, just as the cause of every Russian fighting for his land and home is the cause of free people and free peoples in any part of the world." The words belong to one of the leaders of the anti-Hitler coalition. An ardent “anti-communist”, he was the first Western leader to declare unconditional support for the USSR.

9. "Let the fascist leaders remember that it is impossible to conquer the Russian people, just as it is impossible to extinguish the sun ...". These words belong to the legendary soviet intelligence officer, Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Posing as a German officer in Rovno, he obtained valuable information. Died in the village. Boratin of Brodovsky district of Lviv region from the bullets of Bandera.

10. “Comrades! Citizens! Brothers and sisters! I appeal to you, my friends. " The head of our state addressed the people with such unusual words 11 days after the start of the war.

11. “We are barbarians, and we want to be barbarians. This is an honorary title. " The words belong to a man who has become a symbol of the most misanthropic doctrine in the world, the main instigator of the Second World War and the attack on the USSR.

12. "When I am asked what I remember most from the last war, I always answer: the battle for Moscow." From the memoirs of an outstanding Soviet commander, Marshal of the USSR.

13. “Another people could say to the government:“ You did not live up to our expectations, go away, we will install another government that will make peace with Germany and provide us with peace. ” But the Russian people did not agree to this, because they believed in the correctness of the policy of their government and made sacrifices to ensure the defeat of Germany. " From the speech of the leader of our country on the end of the war.

14. “Your name is unknown. Your feat is immortal. " The inscription on the grave, near which there is a post No. 1.

Answers

Feats

1. They sacrificed their lives, covering the embrasures of the machine-gun pillboxes with their bodies. Thus, they saved the lives of their comrades, contributed to their victory over the enemy.

2. During the war years, they rammed enemy tank columns and aircraft. Most of the pilots sacrificed their lives during these rams, causing significant damage to the enemy.

3. G. Kuibyshev.

4. We are talking about the soldiers of the division of General I.V. Panfilov. The press reported that a group of 28 soldiers of the 316th division of General IV Panfilov, headed by political instructor VG Klochkov, stood to death at the Dubosekovo junction. They destroyed 18 tanks and dozens of enemy soldiers.

5. During the war, these people took orphans to raise. Alexandra Derevskaya raised 42 children of different nationalities. The Tashkent blacksmith Shaakhmed Shamakhmudov and his wife Bakhrikhon took 16 children of different nationalities into their upbringing. Fatima Kasimova, chairman of the F. Engels collective farm in Samarkand region, adopted 14 children of different nationalities.

6. The feat of Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov is associated with Stalingrad battle, with the legendary defense of "Pavlov's House". The group of guards who defended the 4-storey building included warriors of different nationalities: the Russians J.F. Pavlov and I.F. Afanasyev, Ukrainians V.S.Glushchenko and A.A. Sobgaida, Georgian N.G. Mosiyashvili, Tajik T. Turdyev, Kazakh T. Murzaev, Tatar F.Z. Ramazanov and others. A small group of Soviet soldiers, defending this house, destroyed as many fascists as they did not lose when taking many major cities, for example, Paris. For 58 days “Pavlov's House” repelled the attacks of the Germans, who could not take it. (Many European states were captured by the Germans in a much shorter period.)

7. These are the exploits of the Soviet border guards. Despite superior forces enemy, they fought to the last bullet, to the last grenade, showed vivid example heroism and fortitude. For example, the outpost of Lieutenant A.V. Lopatin fought for 11 days surrounded by the enemy. For 7 days, the defenders of Liepaja defended themselves under the command of Major General N.G. Mikushev, Colonel E.V. Sysoev and Major Y.D. Maly. On the Bug, the outpost of Lieutenant E.M. Monin fought for a whole day against the battalion of the Nazis. Border guards of the 5th outpost at the Prut river A.K. Konstantinov, V.F. Mikhalkov, I.D.Buzytskov penetrated into the rear of the enemy, killed the guards and blew up the bridge. When the Germans captured the city of Przemysl on June 22, they did not hold out for a day. Already on June 23, the city was liberated by the forces of the 99th Infantry Division, led by Colonel N.I. Dementyev and a combined detachment of border guards. They held Przemysl until 28 June. A month after the German invasion, the heroic defense lasted Brest Fortress... The defense of the fortress was led by Captain I.N.Zubachev, Major P.M. Gavrilov, Regimental Commissar E.M. Fomin.

8. In the hungry besieged Leningrad thanks to the dedication of scientists, the most valuable collection of samples of wheat, barley, corn, potatoes and other crops collected by the outstanding biologist N.I. Vavilov and his collaborators was fully preserved.

9. During the war, millions of Soviet people contributed their savings and valuables to the defense fund. The name of F.I. Golovaty became the symbol of this gratuitous patriotic movement in the country. A member of the board of the collective farm "Stakhanovets" of the Novopokrovsky district of the Saratov region, F. I. Golovaty, contributed 100 thousand rubles each in December 1942 and in May 1944 for the construction of two fighters.

Peasant Sh. Shamakhmudov with his wife Bakhrikhon and adopted children

10. These war heroes summoned fire upon themselves, performing feats of self-sacrifice. They threw themselves under tanks or blew themselves up with the Nazis. They did this when they ran out of ammunition, and the enemy had to be stopped at any cost.

11. The captured Soviet pilot Mikhail Devyatayev worked under escort at a Nazi military airfield. Devyatayev agreed to escape with other prisoners. Ten prisoners of war killed the guard and made their way to the fascist combat aircraft. With a bolt blow, Devyatayev broke the glass and opened the cabin from the inside. Unexpectedly for the Nazis, the plane suddenly took off. So the heroes not only escaped from Nazi captivity, but also captured a combat vehicle from the enemy, the Heinkel-111 bomber.

12. Matvey Kuzmin repeated the heroic deed legendary hero Russia during the Time of Troubles of Ivan Susanin. Just like Susanin, he led the enemy detachment into the impenetrable wilderness and swamps. For this feat, Kuzmin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). Matvey Kuzmin became the oldest Hero of the Soviet Union.

13. Junior Sergeant of the Guard Yu.V. Smirnov volunteered to participate in the tank breakthrough of the Soviet troops on the Moscow-Minsk highway as an automatic rifleman who occupied a position behind the tank turret. During the attack, he was wounded, captured and tortured. Before the retreat, the Nazis crucified the still living Yuri on the wall of the dugout. The hero was buried near the village of Shalashino. Posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

14. With the exploits of medical workers on the fronts of war and on the battlefields. Thousands of medical workers - nurses, doctors, orderlies - at the cost of their lives saved the lives of wounded soldiers. Natalia Kachuevskaya was a medical instructor of the 105th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 34th Rifle Division. On November 20, 1942, at the cost of her life, she saved 20 seriously wounded soldiers in the Khalkhuta region (Kalmykia). Streets in Moscow, Volgograd, Astrakhan are named after her. Discovered in 1972, the minor planet # 2015 bears her name.

Dates

1. Fascist Germany treacherously attacked the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War.

2. The blockade of Leningrad was finally lifted.

3. Soviet troops reached the state border of the USSR on the Prut River.

4. Germany admitted defeat in the war. On this day, representatives of the German command in the suburb of Berlin Karlhost signed an act of unconditional surrender of the German armed forces.

5. We are talking about the Suvorov and Nakhimov military schools, created according to the decree of August 21, 1943.

6. In Moscow, the first festive fireworks were given in honor of the victory of the Red Army over German troops. The first fireworks thundered in honor of the liberation from the invaders of Orel and Belgorod.

7. A Soviet counteroffensive began near Moscow.

8. 57 thousand German prisoners of war were marched through the streets of Moscow.

9. The surrender of the Nazi troops at Stalingrad. End of the Battle of Stalingrad.

10. During this period, the Battle of Kursk took place.

11. In Prague, the resistance of the Nazi troops was suppressed. Day of Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War.

12. In Berlin, the Soviet flag ("Victory Banner") was raised over the Reichstag.

13. The Victory Parade took place in Moscow.

14. Opening of a second front in northern France in the Normandy region.

Military operations

1. "Bagration".

2. "Leap".

3. Braunschweig.

4. On the eve of the Stalingrad counter-offensive, Stalin issued an order according to which the daily delivery of vodka to the personnel of the army in the field was stopped. It was ordered to be issued only to fighters on the front line who distinguished themselves in hostilities. For them, the norm has even increased - from 100 to 200 grams. The rest of the combat 100 grams were supposed to be only on holidays. Stalin identified nine of them. It's November 7, December 5 (Constitution Day), New Year, February 23, May 1, July 19 (Athlete's Day), August 16 (Aviation Day), September 6 (International Youth Day), as well as the day of the regimental holiday.

5. Plan "Barbarossa".

6. "Rumyantsev".

7. "Kutuzov".

8. "Citadel".

9. "Uranus".

10. "Typhoon".

11. "Star".

12. "Spark".

13. "Ring".

14. Berlin and Prague military operations.

Quotes and Sayings

1. Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR V.M. Molotov.

2. In June 1943, the following innovations in the field of school education were adopted in the USSR: in the 4th and 7th grades of the school graduation tests were introduced, and in the 10th - exams for the certificate of maturity. Students who graduated from high school with high marks for exemplary behavior were awarded gold and silver medals.

3. Political instructor V.G. Klochkov.

4. Lieutenant General, Professor D.M. Karbyshev.

5. Metropolitan Sergius (I.N. Stragorodsky).

6. They belong to the defenders of the Brest Fortress.

7. Petty officer of the 284th rifle division, sniper Vasily Zaitsev.

8. Winston Churchill.

9. Scout N.I. Kuznetsov.

10. Secretary General Central Committee of the CPSU (b) J.V. Stalin.

11. Adolf Gitler.

12. Marshal of the USSR G.K. Zhukov.

13. JV Stalin ("Victory Speech").

14. The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is located in Moscow in the Alexander Garden at the Kremlin wall.

Full version of the lesson-competition
will be published in the brochure

Alexander Idrisov,
history teacher,
Astrakhan region, Tumak village

Polyashov N. The feat of the Hero of the Soviet Union Smirnov Yu.V. : [head of search G.А. Belyakova, teacher of school number 105] // Chronicle of feat, 1941-1945 [ Electronic resource] - N. Novgorod: MUK "TsBS" Avtozavodskiy district, 2010. - 1 electron. wholesale disc (CDR).

Eternal glory to the martyr - Hero of the Komsomol Yu. Smirnov,

fallen for the freedom and independence of our Motherland

I live in the Avtozavodsky district. When I go for a walk in the park, I often pass by a house on which there is a memorial plaque dedicated to the Hero of the Soviet Union Yuri Vasilyevich Smirnov. I calculated that when he died he was only 19 years old. And I was interested in what feat this young man accomplished, that at such a young age he received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. I came home, sat down at the computer and entered the Internet. I learned a lot of interesting things about him: how he grew up, how he got to the front, how he was wounded, how he died.

Yu. V. Smirnov was born on September 2, 1925 in the village of Dedushkovo, Makaryevsky District, Kostroma Region, into a working class family. Yura was the third child in the family. His two sisters, Antonina and Lyudmila, were older than him.

In 1933, the Smirnov family moved to the city of Makariev and settled on Kladbischinskaya Street. In the same year, Yuri entered the 1st grade of Makarievskaya high school.

Yura grew up as a mischievous, desperate boy. He could race at full speed on a bareback horse, sitting, for a laugh, backwards to front. Could ride on an ice floe during a rough ice drift on the Unzha River. But most of all Yura loved horses. He dreamed of getting into the army and definitely becoming a cavalryman.

After finishing 6th grade, Yuri entered the Makaryevskoe vocational school №11 (power engineers). Here he studied as an electric welder. Having received a certificate in the specialty of an electric welder of the 3rd category, in February 1942, Yuri, together with the whole group, was sent to Gorky to work at the Krasnoye Sormovo plant.

At the end of 1942, his father Vasily Averyanovich died at the front near Stalingrad (Volgograd). Yura was determined to volunteer for the front.

In February 1943, the Makaryevsky military registration and enlistment office drafted Yuri Smirnov into the army. In March-April 1943, he was trained in a military unit located in the village of Kleshchevka, Shuisky district, Ivanovo region.

On May 1, 1943, Yuri Smirnov was enrolled as a cadet of the 15th educational infantry regiment, located in Pavlovsky Posad, Moscow region. Here he was promoted to the rank of junior sergeant of the guard and on November 13, 1943, he was sent to the active army.

Soon after arriving at the front, in a battle near Vitebsk, Yuri was wounded and was taken to the hospital. In a letter home, Yura said: "I am writing from the hospital. I was wounded in the jaw. The wound is minor. I will soon recover and go back to the front. I would rather like to get into my unit. She is now my second home. Mom, do not worry about me, I serve well, I follow all orders." Yuri "... A month later, Yuri was again in the company.

Yu. Smirnov fought in the 77th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 26th Guards Rifle Division of the 11th Guards Army of KN Golitsky of the 3rd Belorussian Front under the command of Colonel General ID Chernyakhovsky.

In the summer of 1944, along the entire Orsha direction, Soviet troops began military offensive operations (the plan of Operation Bagration). The troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front on June 23 went over to the offensive, simultaneously delivering two powerful blows: one in the direction of Bogushevsk, the other in Orsha.

The city of Orsha was the most important node of the enemy's defense, covering the routes from the "Smolensk Gate" to Minsk. To the east of Orsha, the enemy created several defensive zones with a total depth of 25-30 km. Orsha was surrounded by defensive structures of the outer circumference, which had two and three lines of trenches.

The task of the Soviet command was to break through the "impregnable bastion" as Hitler himself called the impenetrable swamps, minefields and 17 lines of trenches with barbed wire, behind which the 78 SS assault division under the command of General Von Trout was hiding, and to seize the Moscow-Minsk highway north of Orsha.

The very first day of the fighting was marked by a significant success of the Soviet troops in the direction of Bogushevsk. At a rapid pace, the troops broke through the enemy's main line of defense. Further south, in the direction of Orsha, our troops met with strong resistance. For 2 days of bloody battles on June 22-23, 1944, our troops had no success. The question arose of organizing a tank landing on June 24, which was faced with the task of attacking the enemy's defenses in the flank and rear, seizing the village of Shalashino and cutting the Minsk-Moscow highway.

The infantry for the landing was selected only from the volunteers of the 77th Guards Rifle Regiment. Senior Lieutenant Vyacheslav Zelenyuk was engaged in the selection of the guards, he commanded an assault group of infantry. And Yuri Smirnov volunteered for the paratrooper formation. Hanged with ammunition bags and grenades, Yuri took his place in armored vehicle # 119. Under the cover of darkness, our tanks moved forward to the distracting rumble of Soviet artillery. They broke through trenches, passed ditches and attacked German artillery positions. But Yura Smirnov was not among the comrades. Knocked down by an enemy bullet from tank armor, he fell on the edge of a grove near the village of Shalashino, not far from the headquarters of the 78th German assault division.

The Germans dragged him into the dugout and began to interrogate him. The Nazis were interested in the direction of movement of those who broke through to the rear soviet tanks, their number and task. Yuri did not answer questions, thereby remaining faithful to the military oath. Then the Germans used a terrible savage medieval torture: he was crucified alive on the wall of the dugout. But he gathered his last strength and spat in the face of the German officer, thereby expressing all his contempt for the enemies.

And here is how senior lieutenant Kustov Pyotr Alekseevich recalls:

"I, being in the combat dress of my regiment, after breaking through the German defense near the village of Shalashino, Dubrovinsky district, Vitebsk region, passing through German positions, entered one of the German dugouts. The dugout was a spacious room, its walls were covered with planed boards, in the middle there was the table, the walls were hung with posters, among them are two portraits of Hitler. Looking at the right wall, I saw a man leaning back, it seemed to me, naked, with his arms outstretched to the side. Coming closer, I saw that this man was nailed to the dugout boards His body was crucified on a special cross made of boards, one board passed along the back, and the second across, at shoulder height. So a cross was obtained. The man's hands were nailed to this cross with nails. The nails were large and driven to the very heads.

Two nails protruded from his forehead, representing crutches without caps. They pierced through the head, above the eyes. The legs of the crucified man were pierced with nails with hats in the instep. The legs were in socks, and the whole corpse was stripped and blackened, apparently from the blows. There were cuts and stab wounds on the chest. The face is swollen. It was disfigured by blows of cold steel. Looking around the room more closely, I saw a Red Army book and an open Komsomol card on the table. I read these documents and found that they belong to the guard private Yu. V. Smirnov of the 1st battalion of the 77th Guards Rifle Regiment ... ".

And here is an extract from the interrogation protocol of the prisoner, Lieutenant General Von Trout, the former commander of the 78th assault division:

“My division took up defenses south of Orsha, west of the village of Shalashino. Before midnight, I was informed of a group of Soviet tanks that had broken through. I immediately sent several groups of machine gunners with the order to take a prisoner. After a while, a paratrooper was brought to my headquarters dugout, he was wounded.

Question: Was this paratrooper Private Yuri Smirnov of the Guard?

Answer: Yes, his last name was Smirnov.

Question: How long did the interrogation last?

Answer: Until morning. Until the time when I was informed that a tank landing had cut the Minsk-Moscow highway.

Question: What did you learn from the interrogation?

Answer: Nothing. The Russian soldier said nothing. We pinned great hopes on the interrogation, if we knew where the tanks were going and how many there were, we would organize a rebuff. We would have saved the important strategic highway Orsha - Minsk, and who knows how the Orsha operation would have turned, in any case, I would not have been a prisoner of war.

Question: What happened to Yuri Smirnov?

Answer: He died during interrogation.

Question: What methods did you use during interrogation?

Answer: I refuse to answer this question.

Yuri Smirnov was buried with military honors near the village of Shalashino. In 1947, his ashes were transferred to the village of Orekhovsk in the Vitebsk region of Belarus, where his grave is still located.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 6, 1944, Junior Sergeant Smirnov Yuri Vasilyevich was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary performance of the combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism of the guard shown in this case.

Decorated with Orders: Lenin and Patriotic War 1st degree.

His name is enlisted forever in the regiment's lists, the 1st rifle company of the 1st rifle battalion of the 77th Guards rifle regiment, in which he served, is named after him. An obelisk was erected at the place of his death near the village of Shalashino, and a monument on the grave in the village of Belgras.

On the territory of the Kleshchevka rest home, where a young boy from Kostroma took a course as a young soldier in a military unit, front-line friends, even during the war, erected a strict obelisk with a star and a portrait in honor of the hero.

In the Dubrovensky district, Vitebsk region, a memorial complex "Rylenki" was erected in 1973 - at the Rylensky fraternal cemetery, the burial place of 10 thousand Soviet soldiers of the 11th Guards and 31st armies who died in this area in fierce battles from October 1943 to June 1944 ... At the entrance on the territory of the memorial there is a gate with relief images of the faces of soldiers. The main composition of the memorial is made up of 164 plates with the names of the soldiers buried here. Along the road from the gate to the slabs, there are four steles dedicated to the feats accomplished in the area. One of them - to the Hero of the Soviet Union Yuri Vasilyevich Smirnov.

Makaryevites are proud of their fellow countrymen! The street where the family of Yu. Smirnov lived was renamed into Yu. Smirnov Street.

In 1958, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Makaryevsky school "Here in 1941-1942 the Hero of the Soviet Union, Yu. V. Smirnov, studied."

In 1965, the school was named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Yu.V. Smirnov, about which the memorial plaque on the building says:

In honor of the 60th anniversary of the birth of Yu. V. Smirnov in 1985, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Makarievskaya secondary school. Hero of the Soviet Union Yu. V. Smirnov studied at this school from 1933 to 1941.

On Yuri Smirnov Street in Kostroma, two memorial plaques are installed at once.

Leafing through the pages of the Internet, I learned that Yuri Smirnov, his feat, is known not only in his homeland and at the place of his death, but throughout Russia.

In the town of Kineshma, Ivanovo region, a bust was installed near the building of school number 10, which once bears the name of Hero of the Soviet Union Yuri Smirnov.

The cargo liner Yuri Smirnov, built at the A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad shipyard in 1976, is floating off the coast of Kamchatka.

In our city there is also a place associated with his name: one of the streets in the center of the Avtozavodsky district bears the name of Yu. V. Smirnov. A memorial plaque is installed on the house number 13 along this street.

And also my mother told me that at school number 137 on the street. Smirnova in the Avtozavodsky district, where she studied, there was a museum of military glory. The museum was created and directed by the teacher of history and basic military training, a former front-line soldier, tanker Vladimir Mikhailovich Zotov. In this museum, a large exposition was dedicated to the feat of Yu. V. Smirnov. The museum contained front-line photographs, memoirs of fellow soldiers, letters, documents, fragments of grenades, shell casings, helmets and other evidence of the war collected by the school's search groups at the battlefield. There was even a model of a dugout in which Yu. Smirnov was tortured. Then the museum "moved" to school # 125 in the Northern settlement. Now the students of both this school and the nearest schools come there to watch and hear about the feat of Y. Smirnov and other heroes of the war.

But, unfortunately, I also learned that the memory of the hero is not always treated so with respect. So on the territory of the Kleshchevka holiday home, in 1984, the obelisk erected in honor of Yuri Smirnov, apparently, considering it obsolete, was decided to be replaced with a vertical slab with a bas-relief of a Soviet soldier and the words "Dedicated to the memory of the Hero of the Soviet Union Yuri Smirnov". Today a mutilated slab stands on this place, but without the warrior's bas-relief. Only dedication remained.

And there is no obelisk with a portrait of the hero put up by fellow soldiers. And I am very offended for such disrespect for the soldiers who gave their lives for us.

Having studied the history of Y. Smirnov's life, I realized what immortal heroism and courage this young man showed during the war. I admire his steadfastness and courage.

Yuri Smirnov lived a short but bright life. The one who gave his life for the glory of the Motherland does not die! The memory of Yuri Smirnov is forever preserved in the hearts of our people.

Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	Moscow, Russian Empire
Date of death:
Place of death:	between the villages of Matski and Shepeli, Radoshkovichi district, Vileika region, Byelorussian SSR, USSR
Citizenship:
Type of army:	Air Force of the Red Army
Years of service:
	Captain of the USSR Air Force
Commanded:	2nd squadron
Battles / wars:	Battles on Khalkhin Gol, Soviet-Finnish war (1939-1940), Great Patriotic War: Defense of Minsk (1941)

Service in the ranks of the Red Army

Official version

"Gastellotsy"

Alternative version

Criticism of the alternative version

Myths about the feat of Gastello

Soviet military pilot, participant in three wars, commander of the 2nd squadron of the 207th long-range bomber aviation regiment of the 42nd long-range bomber aviation division of the 3rd long-range bomber aviation corps of the long-range bomber aviation of the Red Army Air Force, captain. Killed during a combat mission. Hero of the Soviet Union, posthumously.

Biography

Was born in 1907 in Moscow.

Father - Franz Pavlovich Gastillo, Belarusian, originally from the village of Pluzhyny (now Karelichsky district of the Grodno region, Belarus); He came to Moscow to work in 1900, worked as a cupola operator in foundries on the Kazan railway.

Mother - Anastasia Semyonovna Kutuzova ( maiden name), Russian, seamstress.

In 1914-1918 Nikolai Gastello studied at the 3rd Sokolniki City Male School named after A.S. Pushkin. In 1918, due to hunger, he was evacuated to Bashkiria as part of a group of Muscovite schoolchildren. In 1919, he returned to Moscow, where he again entered school. Nikolay Gastello began his labor activity in 1923, becoming a carpenter's apprentice. In 1924, the Gastello family moved to Murom, where Nikolai entered the Locomotive Plant named after I. F.E.Dzerzhinsky, where his father also worked. Parallel to labor activity, N.F. Gastello graduates from school (now - school number 33)... In 1928 he joined the CPSU (b). In 1930, the Gastello family returned to Moscow, and Nikolai went to work at the First State Mechanical Plant of Construction Machines named after May 1st. In 1930-1932 N.F. Gastello lived in the village. Khlebnikovo.

Service in the ranks of the Red Army

• In May 1932 he was drafted into the Red Army by a special recruitment. Sent to study at the aviation school of pilots in Lugansk
• Studying at the XI Military Aviation Pilot School (May 1932 - December 1933)
• Service in the 82nd Heavy Bomber Squadron of the 21st Heavy Bomber Aviation Brigade, based in Rostov-on-Don (1933-1938). Having started flying as a right-hand pilot in a TB-3 bomber, N.F. Gastello from November 1934 already piloted the plane independently

• In 1938, as a result of the reorganization of the unit, Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello ended up in the 1st Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment. In May 1939, he became flight commander, and a little over a year later - deputy squadron commander. In 1939 he took part in the battles at Khalkhin Gol as part of the 150th high-speed bomber aviation regiment, which was assigned a squadron of the 1st TBAP. Participated in Soviet-Finnish war 1939-1940 and in the annexation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the USSR (June-July 1940). In the fall of 1940, the aviation unit was relocated to the western borders, to the city of Velikiye Luki, and then to the Borovskoye air town near Smolensk. In 1940, N.F. Gastello was awarded the rank of captain.
• In the spring of 1941, Nikolai Gastello, having undergone appropriate retraining, mastered the DB-3f aircraft
• Commander of the 4th squadron of the 207th DBAP (24 May 1941 - 23 June 1941)
• Commander of the 2nd squadron of the same unit (June 24 - 26, 1941). On June 24, the fire of a large-caliber machine gun from an aircraft standing at the airfield shot down a Junkers-88.

Doom

On June 26, 1941, on DB-3f, he bombed an enemy motor column on the Molodechno-Radoshkovichi road. As a result of anti-aircraft artillery fire, the plane was shot down. Together with the commander of the ship N.F. Gastello, the crew members were killed: Lieutenant A. A. Burdenyuk, Lieutenant G. N. Skorobogaty, Senior Sergeant A. A. Kalinin. According to the official Soviet version, an enemy shell damaged the fuel tank, and Gastello committed fire ram - sent the burning car to the enemy mechanized column.

Awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, with the Golden Star badge and the Order of Lenin (1941, posthumously). Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 26, 1941

The feat of Gastello: versions and facts

Official version

On June 26, 1941, a flight under the command of Captain N.F. Gastello, consisting of two DB-3f heavy bombers, took off for a combat flight to the Radoshkovichi - Molodechno area. The second plane was flown by Senior Lieutenant Fedor Vorobyov, Lieutenant Anatoly Rybas flew with him as a navigator (the names of two more Vorobyov's crew members have not survived). During the attack of a cluster of German equipment, Gastello's plane was shot down. According to the reports of Vorobiev and Rybas, the burning Gastello plane rammed a mechanized column of enemy equipment. At night, peasants from the nearby village of Dekshnyany removed the corpses of the pilots from the plane and, wrapping the bodies in parachutes, buried them near the crash site of the bomber.

Soon, Gastello's feat received widespread press coverage. On July 5, 1941, in the evening report of the Soviet Information Bureau, the feat of N.F. Gastello was first mentioned:

On the basis of the message of the Soviet Information Bureau, correspondents P. Pavlenko, P. Krylov wrote the essay "Captain Gastello", which was published in the newspaper "Pravda" on July 10, 1941.

At dawn on July 6, the pilots gathered at the loudspeakers at different parts of the front. The Moscow radio station spoke, the announcer was an old acquaintance by voice - it immediately smelled like home, Moscow. The report of the Information Bureau was transmitted. The announcer read a short message about the heroic feat of Captain Gastello. Hundreds of people - on different sectors of the front - repeated this name ... Long before the war, when he worked with his father at one of the Moscow factories, they said about him: "Wherever you put, everywhere - an example." He was a person who persistently educated himself on difficulties, a person who saved up strength for a big cause. It was felt that Nikolai Gastello was a standing person. When he became a military pilot, this was immediately confirmed. He was not famous, but quickly went to fame. In 1939, he bombed the White Finnish military factories, bridges and pillboxes, in Bessarabia he threw out our parachute assault forces to keep the Romanian boyars from plundering the country. From the very first day of the Great Patriotic War, Captain Gastello, at the head of his squadron, smashed fascist tank columns, smashed military facilities to smithereens, and smashed bridges to pieces. Glory was already going on about Captain Gastello in the flight units. People of the air quickly recognize each other. The last feat of Captain Gastello will never be forgotten. On July 3, Captain Gastello fought in the air at the head of his squadron. Far below, on the ground, there was also a battle. Motorized enemy units broke through to Soviet soil. Our artillery fire and aviation held back and stopped their movement. Leading his battle, Gastello did not lose sight of the ground battle. Black spots of tank accumulations, huddled gasoline tanks indicated a hitch in the enemy's hostilities. And the fearless Gastello continued his work in the air. But then a shell of an enemy anti-aircraft gun breaks the gas tank of his plane. The car is on fire. No exit. Well, and finish on this your way? To slip, before it's too late, by parachute and, once in the territory occupied by the enemy, surrender to shameful captivity? No, this is not an option. And Captain Gastello does not unfasten his shoulder straps, does not leave a burning car. Down to the ground, to the piled up enemy tanks, he rushes a fiery ball of his plane. The fire is already near the pilot. But the land is close. Gastello's eyes, tormented by fire, still see, his scorched hands are firm. The dying plane still obeys the hand of the dying pilot. So now life will end - not by an accident, not by captivity - by a feat! Gastello's car crashes into the "crowd" of tanks and cars - and a deafening explosion shakes the air of battle with long rumblings: enemy tanks explode. We remember the name of the hero - captain Nikolai Frantsevich Gastello. His family lost their son and husband, the Motherland acquired a hero. The feat of a man who calculated his death as a fearless blow to the enemy will forever remain in the memory.

The date of the feat of Gastello, indicated in the article, is noteworthy - July 3. Probably the authors of the essay, having specified correct writing the names of the hero and the facts of his biography, the conclusion about the date of death of Gastello was made based on the date of the message from the Sovinformburo. The article in Pravda had a wide resonance, the feat of Gastello was widely used soviet propaganda.

On July 25, 1941, the commander of the 207th DBAP, Captain Lobanov and regimental commissar Kuznetsov, N.F. Gastello, was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. IN award sheet said:

... On June 26, Captain Gastello with the crew: Burdenyuk, Skorobogaty and Kalinin - led the DB-3 flight to bomb the presumptuous Nazis. On the road Molodechno - Radoshkovichi, a line of enemy tanks appeared near Radoshkovichi. Link Gastello, dropping bombs on the pile of tanks accumulated for refueling and firing from a machine gun the crews of fascist vehicles, began to move away from the target. At this time, the fascist shell caught up with Captain Gastello's car. Having received a direct hit, engulfed in flames, the plane could not leave for its base, but at this difficult moment, Captain Gastello and his courageous crew were busy with the idea of \u200b\u200bnot allowing the enemy to their homeland. According to the observation of Senior Lieutenant Vorobyov and Lieutenant Rybas, they saw Captain Gastello turn around on a burning plane and lead him into the thick of tanks. The pillar of fire engulfed the tanks and fascist crews in flames. Have paid such a dear price german fascists for the death of the pilot Captain Gastello and the death of the heroic crew ...

The very next day after the presentation, Captain Gastello Nikolai Frantsevich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously). By order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, Captain Gastello N.F. was forever enlisted in the lists of one of the aviation regiments.

Gastello's "Fire Ram" became one of the most famous examples of heroism in the history of the Great Patriotic War and was used for military-patriotic propaganda and education of young people both during the war and in post-war period, until the collapse of the USSR. Alternative versions of events near the village of Dekshnyany and attempts to investigate the deaths of Gastello and Maslov were suppressed or classified. The crew members of Gastello - G. N. Skorobogaty, A. A. Kalinin, A. A. Burdenyuk - remained in the shadow of the commander's feat. Only in 1958 they were awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (posthumously).

"Gastellotsy"

Through the efforts of Soviet propaganda, the feat of N.F. Gastello became one of the most famous in the history of the Great Patriotic War, and the surname Gastello itself was a household name. The pilots who committed the "fire ram" were called "Gastellers". In total, during the Great Patriotic War, 595 "classic" air rams (by aircraft aircraft), 506 rams by aircraft of a ground target, 16 sea rams (this number may include ramming by sea pilots of enemy surface and coastal targets) and 160 tank rams were committed. It should be noted that there is a certain inconsistency in the sources regarding the number of ram attacks. For example, the article "Brothers of Nikolai Gastello" speaks only of 14 sea rams and only 52 tank rams, 506 rams by aircraft of a ground target, but 600 air rams. Aviation Major General A.D. Zaitsev in his book "Weapons of the Strong in Spirit" estimates the number of air rams at more than 620. At the same time, aviation historians write: "In the documents of the enemy there are [more] more than twenty rams committed by Soviet pilots, which before are still unidentified. " There is no unity in the assessment of the number of "fiery rams" proper. For example, Yuri Ivanov, in his work "Kamikaze: Suicide Pilots", estimates the number of such rams committed by Soviet pilots in 1941-1945. value "about 350". At the end of this point, it should also be noted that a number of Soviet pilots rammed the enemy more than once: 34 pilots used an air ram twice, four - Leonid Ivanovich Borisov, Vladimir Ivanovich Matveev, Nikolai Vasilyevich Teryokhin, Alexey Stepanovich Khlobystov - three times, and Boris Ivanovich Kovzan - four times.

Exhumation of Gastello's alleged grave

In 1951, on the eve of the decade of the famous "fire ram" for the subsequent ceremonial burial, the remains from the alleged grave of Gastello were exhumed. His things were not in the grave, but personal belongings of Gastello's colleagues were found - the commander of the 1st squadron of the 207th DBAP captain Alexander Spiridonovich Maslov and the gunner-radio operator Grigory Vasilyevich Reutov. Maslov's crew was reported missing on the same day Gastello allegedly performed his feat. Lieutenant Colonel Kotelnikov, who supervised the reburial, conducted a secret investigation with the approval of the party authorities, as a result of which it turned out that Maslov's plane crashed at the site of the alleged ram of Gastello. Maslov's crew was quietly reburied at the Radoshkovichi cemetery, fragments of Maslov's bomber were sent to the country's museums as the remains of Gastello's plane, a monument dedicated to the feat of the crew of N.F. Gastello was erected at the site of the death of Maslov's crew. The exhumation of Gastello's alleged grave was not made public until the era of publicity, when it first leaked to the media.

Alternative version

In the 1990s, a different version of the events near the village of Dekshnyany appeared in the media. (retired Major Eduard Kharitonov became its author)... The data on the exhumation of the alleged grave of Gastello in 1951 were made public. Due to the fact that the remains of Maslov's crew were found there, it was suggested that it was Maslov who was the author of the "fiery ram" attributed to Gastello. In 1996, by decree of President Yeltsin, Maslov and all members of his crew were awarded the title of Hero Russian Federation (posthumously).

The veracity of the reports of Vorobiev and Rybas has been questioned. Firstly, there was an assumption that the pilots who flew away from the place of the battle did not see the actual ramming by the Gastello plane, linking the fall of the Gastello bomber and the column of smoke that rose near the road. Secondly, it was suggested that the reports could have been redone during the campaign to glorify Gastello in July-August 1941. Thirdly, the reports of Vorobiev and Rybas themselves have not survived, there are only documents referring to them. Fourthly, Vorobiev and Rybas served in the 96th DBAP, which was located at the same airfield as the 207th DBAP, in which Maslov and Gastello fought. According to supporters of the alternative version, crews from different regiments could not fly on a mission in the same flight.

Afterwards, there were reports that the wreckage of the original Gastello plane was located near the place of Maslov's death, in the Matskovsky swamp near the village of Matski. The plane crashed near Matski, according to the testimony of local residents, on June 26, 1941. They found a charred corpse, in the pocket of the tunic of which there was a letter addressed to Skorobogataya (supposedly the wife of the shooter of Gastello's crew - Grigory Nikolayevich Skorobogaty), as well as a medallion with the initials A.A.K. (possibly the gunner-radio operator Gastello - Alexei Alexandrovich Kalinin). But the main thing is that a wreck was found here, which was unequivocally identified as part of the plane by NF Gastello - a tag from the M-87B engine with serial number 87844.

According to the testimony of local residents in the village of Matski, one person from the alleged genuine Gastello plane parachuted from the wing of the falling plane and was captured by the Germans. Indications local resident confirmed by the document "List irrecoverable losses commanding officers and rank-and-file personnel of the 42nd Air Division from 22.06 to 28.06.41 " signed by the head of the combat unit, foreman Bokov. At the end of the names of Gastello's crew members, there is a postscript: "One person from this crew jumped with a parachute, who is unknown." At the same time, it is not clear where this information came from, because in the report of Vorobiev and Rybas this moment was not reflected, and the inhabitants of the village of Matski were already in the occupied territory. The design feature of the DB-3f bomber is that only the pilot can jump from the wing. This gave the supporters of the alternative version a reason to claim that Gastello abandoned the dying board and crew for his own salvation. However, strictly speaking, it is not even completely clear which plane the parachutist jumped out of, which is referred to in the document signed by Bokov (not to mention the fact that the witnesses could be mistaken in their observations that the jump was from the wing) - from a car later taken for a Gastello car (that is, Maslov's plane) or indeed from a Gastello plane. It is also worth noting that Gastello, apparently, really tried to direct his plane to the enemy's location - otherwise it is difficult to explain why his DB-3f made a turn back to the village of Matski (and there was just a German military unit there).

It is suggested that from the two equally likely candidates for the feat at that moment, it was Gastello that was chosen for several reasons:

• He was an ethnic Belarusian;
• Its crew was international: Burdenyuk - Ukrainian, Kalinin - Nenets, Skorobogaty - Russian;
• On his account was already shot down "Junkers-88";
• During the battles on the Khalkhin-Gol River in 1939, he served in the same regiment together with the battalion commissar M.A.Yuyukin, who for the first time in aviation rammed a ground target; according to some reports, N.F. Gastello was the navigator on the Yuyukin bomber during the ram (this version is erroneous, it is not confirmed by the main researchers of N.F. Gastello's life, including his son Victor Gastello).

However, the version that a certain "choice" was made between Gastello and Maslov for the role of the "hero" is unlikely: the heroic death of Gastello was reflected in the reports of Vorobiev and Rybas, while there was no evidence of Maslov's plane crash, he was considered "missing without a trace".

Criticism of the alternative version

A number of researchers (first of all, the son of N.F. Gastello - retired colonel Victor Gastello) question the facts on which the alternative version is built and reject it as completely untenable. In their opinion:

• The testimony of Vorobiev and Rybas is the main and irrefutable evidence of Gastello's feat;
• The evidence that the plane crashed in the Matskovsky swamp was piloted by Gastello is untenable;
• The discovered remains of Maslov and his crew indicate that his plane did not ram, but crashed into the ground on a "low level" flight (another version is also possible - Maslov tried to ram an enemy column, but missed; indirect confirmation of this hypothesis is the discovery of the wreckage of Maslov's plane at a short distance - only 170-180 meters - distance from the road)
• The absence of Gastello's remains testifies to the fact that he did indeed commit a "fire ram"; as a result of the explosion of a column with fuel and ammunition, neither the plane nor the remains of the crew can be identified.

Facts

In the history of Gastello's feat, the following can be considered reliable facts:

• The planes of both Gastello and Maslova crashed during a combat mission on June 26, 1941
• The crash site of the plane near the village of Dekshnyany, which was considered the place of the ram of N.F. Gastello, is in fact the place of the death of Maslov's plane

Establishing the truth is complicated by the fact that the witnesses of the Gastello ram - Senior Lieutenant Vorobiev and Lieutenant Rybas - died in 1941, the 207th DBAP was disbanded in September 1941, many documents were lost both during the Great Patriotic War and in the post-war period.

Myths about the feat of Gastello

As in the course of the Great Patriotic War, so in the post-war period by Soviet propaganda, Gastello's feat stood out from among many similar ones, served as an example of heroism and self-sacrifice. In this regard, in the public consciousness, several persistent misconceptions have developed about N.F. Gastello and the uniqueness of his feat:

• Gastello committed the first ever land target ram.

The first ramming by an airplane of a ground target was carried out by the Soviet pilot Mikhail Anisimovich Yuyukin on August 5, 1939 during the battles on the Khalkhin-Gol River (if we take all the "fire rams" - both ground and sea targets - the first such ram was made by the Chinese pilot Shen Changhai 19 August 1937).

• Gastello made the first ram in the history of the Great Patriotic War.

The first ram in the history of the Great Patriotic War was carried out by the Soviet pilot D.V. Kokorev on June 22, 1941 at approximately 4 hours 15 minutes ( long time I.I. Ivanov was considered the author of the first ram in the history of the Great Patriotic War, but in fact he made his ram for 10 minutes. later Kokorev).

• Gastello made the first land target ram in the history of the Great Patriotic War.

The first ram of a ground target in the history of the Great Patriotic War was carried out by the Soviet pilot P. S. Chirkin on June 22, 1941.

• Gastello rammed not a tank column, but an anti-aircraft battery.

This misconception was formed due to the fact that the crash site near the village of Dekshnyany, officially considered the site of Gastello's feat, is located about 180 meters from the road. There was another version: Gastello rammed a mechanized convoy, which was refueling off the road.

• Gastello accomplished his feat alone.

This misconception was formed due to the fact that when telling about the exploit of N.F. Gastello, members of his crew, as a rule, were not mentioned.

• Gastello rammed while flying a fighter.

This misconception arose due to the fact that fighter pilots were the main heroes of aviation in post-war fiction. A number of works were created (for example, the play "Gastello" by IV Stock, 1947), in which NF Gastello performed his feat on a fighter plane.

• Gastello was a navigator in the crew of M.A.Yuyukin, who committed the first ever ramming of a ground target August 5, 1939 during the events on the Khalkhin-Gol River.

This misconception supported the continuity of the heroic "ramming traditions", Yuyukin was called Gastello's "mentor". In fact, the name and surname of the navigator MA Yuyukin is precisely known - Alexander Morkovkin (he jumped with a parachute just in front of the ram). Gastello was a fellow soldier of Yuyukin.

Memory

Playwright Isidor Vladimirovich Stock in 1947 wrote the play "Gastello", in which the hero performs his "fire ram" alone and on a fighter plane.

• Gastello - a village in the Poronaysky district of the Sakhalin region
• Them. Gastello - a mine in the Tenkinsky district of the Magadan region

Streets in many cities of Russia, Ukraine, as well as Belarus and Kazakhstan, including Lipetsk, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Ulan-Ude, bear the name Gastello.

Monuments to N.F. Gastello installed:

• On the Minsk - Vilnius highway, at the place where, as it was believed, N. Gastello rammed (1976)
• In Moscow, in Sokolniki
• In the city of Murom, Vladimir region
• In Ufa (1985)
• In Lugansk (on the territory of the former Voroshilovgrad Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators)
• In the village. Radoshkovichi, in the square on the square bearing his name
• in the village Khlebnikovo (now - the territory of Dolgoprudny), near school number 3, bearing his name
• In Choibalsan, Mongolia, in the courtyard of the school No. 1 that bears his name. The Mongols position this Gastello monument, first of all, as a pilot who took part in the battles on Khalkhin Gol.
• In the city of Rostov-on-Don.
• In the city of Odessa (Ukraine), on the street bearing his name, there is a school № 31 named. N. Gastello. Opposite the school, in a small park, there is a monument to Nikolai Gastello.
• In the Omsk region, on the territory of the children's health camp named after Captain Gastello.
• A monument was erected in the city of Fergana, Uzbek SSR, on the territory of the Military Transport Aviation Regiment named after Gastello.

In Ufa there is a stadium named after N.F. Gastello.

In Kyzyl there is a park of culture and recreation named after N.F. Gastello.

In the city of Khabarovsk, a park is named in honor of the hero.

From the Presidential Decree: “The Order of Courage is awarded to citizens for dedication, courage and courage shown in saving people, maintaining public order, in the fight against crime, during natural Disasters, fires, catastrophes and other emergencies, as well as for bold and decisive actions committed in the performance of military, civil or service duty in conditions associated with a risk to life "

In addition to the Order of Courage, there are other awards for heroes in our country. For courage shown in critical situations, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and leaders of various levels of government are presenting their awards.

And the human rights movement "Resistance", together with the NTV television company, is holding an annual ceremony of presenting the national prize "Choice" - for civic courage in confronting crime. On the eve of National Unity Day, the awards find their heroes who are not afraid to challenge crime, despite the threat to their lives.

Here are just a few stories about those guys who became real heroes.

Order of Courage at the Cost of Life

Posthumously recognized as a hero Danil Sadykov from Naberezhnye Chelny. The Order of Courage was given to the father of a boy who saved a 9-year-old child from death. He fell into the fountain, the water in which was under high voltage. Everyone shouted, calling for help, but only Danil came to the rescue. At the cost of his own life, Danil pulled the child out of the water, received a severe electric shock and died before the ambulance arrived.

Natalya Sadykova, Danila's mother, could hardly hold back her tears, tightly squeezing the received award in her hand. Her son may become the youngest holder of the Order of Courage in Tatarstan. More than 10 thousand residents of the republic have already signed up for his award.

In Tatarstan, the Nizhnekamsk schoolboy Bulat Zagriev died protecting his mother. He is presented to the Order of Courage.

The murder of 35-year-old Elvira Zagrieva and her 13-year-old son rocked Tatarstan last March. As established by the investigation, the killers Vladislav Komolov, being a guest of the woman, began to pester the mistress. She began to fight off an unexpected boyfriend, and they quarreled, a scuffle ensued. At some point, the man pushed the woman onto the sofa and began to strangle her. Bulat rushed to help his mother. He grabbed a knife in the kitchen and stabbed the attacker in the back. But the wound that the teenager inflicted was not deep. Enraged, Komolov tied the boy up and strangled Elvira, and then dealt with Bulat. Komolov was detained the next day.

A Zhenya Tabakov from the village of Noginsk-9 (Dubrovo) of the Noginsk district of the Moscow region dreamed of becoming a policeman. One evening, Zhenya and his 12-year-old older sister Yana were at home alone. An unknown man rang the doorbell, who introduced himself as a postman who brought a registered letter to the mother of the children. Hearing that the adults were not at home, the man left, but after a while he returned and offered the girl to sign for her mother. Yana did not suspect anything was wrong and allowed him to come in.

Entering the apartment and closing the door behind him, the "postman" took out a knife instead of a letter and, grabbing Yana, began to demand that the children give him all the money and valuables that were in the apartment. Having received an answer from the children that they did not know where the money was, the criminal demanded that Zhenya look for it, and he himself dragged Yana into the bathroom, where he began to rip off her clothes. Seeing this, Zhenya ran to the kitchen, grabbed a table knife and, returning, with a running start stabbed the stranger in the lower back (as experts later find out, the knife from the boy's weak hand entered the body only three centimeters). The rapist fell and mechanically released Yana, but then jumped up and rushed at Zhenya. The enraged criminal began, one after another, to stab the boy in the back with a knife (in total, the child will then be counted with eight knife wounds).

At this time, Yana managed to run out into the stairwell and began to call neighbors' apartments, shout and call for help. Frightened by the noise, the killer left the bleeding boy, ran out of the apartment into the street and disappeared.

Zhenya was taken to the hospital by an ambulance team that arrived, but they could not save him - on the same day he died of his wounds.

The offender was caught, he was previously convicted of robbery and murder, 33-year-old unemployed Astrakhan Sergei Kiyashko, who lived in the same village with relatives.

For this courageous act, Alexander Kurenkov was awarded the departmental medal of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation "For Assistance". And by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Evgeny Evgenievich Tabakov was posthumously awarded the Order of Courage, thus becoming the youngest holder of this order and the youngest citizen of the Russian Federation, awarded a state award.

Sergey Timoshenko's song "Zhenya Tabakov" is dedicated to Zhenya Tabakov. And school No. 83, where the boy studied, is named after him.

Very young heroes!

5-year-old Danila Zaitsev from Buryatia saved his elder sister Valya from death. When the girl fell into the wormwood, her brother held her for more than half an hour so that the current would not drag Valya under the ice.

When the boy's hands froze, he grabbed his sister's hood with his teeth and did not let go until the neighbors came to help. They pulled Valya out of the water and carried the frozen and exhausted girl to their home in their arms. There the child was wrapped in a blanket and given hot tea.

Having learned about this story, representatives of the regional department of the Ministry of Emergency Situations awarded the boy for his heroic deed.

A 8 year old Daniil Elgin from Kemerovo, without hesitation, he set off in pursuit of the robber, who snatched the bag from his grandmother. Daniel ran after the robber for almost three kilometers. The chase ended with the robber running into the courtyard of his acquaintances and bolting the gate. Even after that, Daniel was determined and tried to climb over the fence, but when he heard a loud dog barking, he stopped. From despair, the boy could not hold back his tears. Hearing the crying of a child, a man from a neighboring house took him to his place and reported his whereabouts to the duty unit. The police who arrived at the scene quickly detained the thief, a 23-year-old local resident.

Now the second grader can be nominated for this year's Choice Awards.

Teens and Their Behavior

A brave schoolboy from Omsk can also become a nominee for this award. 15 year old Eduard Kazantsev from a house engulfed in fire, rescued a pensioner neighbor.

The fire started in the evening. At that moment, the boy was cleaning the snow in his yard and heard cries for help. Without hesitation, the student ran inside a neighbor's house and a few minutes later carried the pensioner in his arms. The woman was in a state of shock and was taken to the hospital. Zoya Ivanovna inhaled carbon monoxide and received minor burns. But if a schoolboy had not come to the rescue, everything could have ended in tragedy.

The whole school knew about the act of Eduard Kazantsev the next morning. And neither the teacher nor classmates were surprised by this. Tatiana Dodonova, classroom teacher Eduarda Kazantseva said: "By the temperament of his character, it was immediately evident that this is a child who can always help in any life situation."

And in Saransk, a teenager saved a pensioner from the fire, risking his own life. An 11-grader was returning home from a walk and heard screams. He went to the voice and saw that a fire was raging in a private house. An elderly man rushed about in the fire and begged for help. The boy did not hesitate, rushed the burning house and dragged the old man out into the street. The rescue operation ended just a few minutes before the roof collapsed in the building.

The pensioner said that he tried to get out on his own, but fear seized him. The teenage hero modestly stated that he could not watch a man die in the fire. Emergencies Ministry officials promised to reward the brave boy and invited him to join the ranks of the rescuers. The brave student can be nominated for this year's Choice Award.

On March 1, 2014, in the village of Vesenny, Orenburg Region, an eighth-grader rescued a friend from the icy water, risking his own life.

Playing on the river could turn into a tragedy for schoolchildren, - according to the Russian Emergencies Ministry. Three guys were running on the ice of the river when one of them suddenly began to go under the ice. Soon the boy was under the ice crust at depth. His friend Sasha Kanaykin did not lose his head and pulled a friend out of the water. His impulse became a real salvation for his friend. After all, even a few minutes in icy water is certain death for a child.

In the Novosibirsk region, a 15-year-old schoolboy Denis Donchenko rescued a 4-year-old boy from a house on fire. Only from the newspapers did parents find out that their son is a real hero. The young man, out of modesty, did not tell them that, risking his life, he carried them out to the flaming hut of the child. “I was sitting with my grandmother, my grandmother shouted: fire! I ran out - the child’s mother was standing there,” says Denis Donchenko. The woman, according to the teenager, was shocked. Now, when the worst is over, Olga recalls - that day she lay down to rest after the night shift. Lesha's son was playing in the next room.

"I woke up, saw that it was burning, the child was screaming. I think everything is already on fire, how can I get him out of there? There is no one to help," says Olga Vlasova. Just at that moment, Denis appeared next to the burning hut. He, without hesitation, rushed to help. When Denis ran up to the house, the fire had completely engulfed the veranda, it was impossible to enter through the door. Then the student broke the window and entered the room through it. By that time, the fire had already spread to furniture and things. Denis found the frightened boy in the corner of one of the rooms.

A decision has already been made to award the teenager with the Ministry of Emergency Situations medal "For courage in a fire".

In the Sverdlovsk region, rescuers are going to present a student for the award Daniil Prokhorov... In the summer, an eighth grader rescued a woman with a child - they were drowning in the river. Daniel threw himself into the water and pulled them ashore. Who should be thanked, it was not immediately clear - when the ambulance arrived, the boy just went home without identifying himself. But after a while the hero was found.

Feat without reward will remain in the hearts of the saved

16 year old Artem (name changed for ethical reasons), without hesitation, jumped into the whirlpool to save the girl. He pushed the girl into the arms of his friends, but he himself did not get to the shore.

It all happened on June 19 this year in the Tula region near the city of Novomoskovsk on the Lyubovskoye reservoir. Having arrived in a company at the place of rest, the guys split up, and the girls went to swim. After a couple of minutes, the guys heard the girls screaming. Realizing that trouble had happened, the teenagers immediately rushed to the water. It turned out that one of the girls, Yulia, began to drown.

I was hit by a strong current, - recalls Yulia Frolova. - I could not swim and began to drown. I was carried away somewhere from the shore. I only had time to surface, but immediately went under water again. I was so scared, I thought I was going to die ...

One of her friends tried to help Yulia, but in a panic she almost dragged her to the bottom with her. It is not known how it would have ended if not for Artem. He was the first to find himself in the water, quickly swam up to Yulia, grabbed her and pushed her to the surface, where the rest of them grabbed the girl in their arms.

In a few seconds, the guys have already made it to the shore. But Artyom was not among them. Soon Artyom's body was found by rescuers. The experts concluded that the young man's body could not stand the sharp change in temperature: the guy had a blood clot.

In the memory of his family and friends, Artem from Novomoskovsk will forever remain a 16-year-old guy with a big and kind heart.

- I am grateful to Artem for what I have and will have in my life, - Yulia says with a trembling voice. - Thanks to him, I stayed alive. Thanks to his parents for bringing up such a son.

The whole class saved a friend

A year ago, there was a story on NTV that shocked many. The whole class of one of the Moscow schools took to the streets of Moscow to raise money for the treatment of his classmate Rita Alkaeva, who is sick with cancer. No, the guys didn't ask for alms, they washed cars and danced, coming up with a wonderful flash mob. The guys raised a lot of money, which at their age could have spent on clothes and entertainment, but they gave it to a sick friend so that she could undergo treatment abroad.

Unfortunately, Rita could not be saved, but, as it became known later, thanks to the help of classmates, Rita lived for more than six months, instead of a month or two initially promised by the doctors, and found out what wonderful friends she has. You can see them - these wonderful schoolchildren:

Child heroes by our side

Learning about the children-heroes is both joyful and sad, sometimes to the point of pain. But big heroes don't come out of nowhere. They grow out of little heroes. How do little people become like that? Probably on the example of their parents, loved ones, relatives. Of course, films that children watch, books that parents read to them first, and then they read themselves, are of great importance in education.

Look around, for sure, and you know children, adolescents who, fortunately, did not have to (and, God forbid, do not have to) commit heroic deeds, but who, obviously, are capable of great returns for the sake of loved ones.

Maybe you can share with us the stories of even small, but important actions of children, whether it is saving a kitten, going shopping for elderly neighbors, or trying to cook dinner when mom has a headache? Write to us about it, and we will publish your stories.