Municipal educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 6 "
Environmental project
We are for a clean city
10th grade student
Sheludyakova Anastasia
biology and ecology teacher
T.A. Karjachkina
g. Saransk
I. Introduction ………………………………………………………
1. Relevance of the chosen topic
2. Goals and objectives of the study
3. Subject of research. Problematic question
4. Hypothesis
5. Research methods
6. Stages of work on the project
II. Main part. Theoretical aspect ... …………
Waste classification.
Waste management: collection, removal, use, disposal.
Danger of waste.
4. What does the recycling of waste give for nature and man
III. Main part. Practical aspect ………………
Object of study.
Research methodology: questioning.
Questionnaire questions.
Analysis of answers. Conclusions.
What is the use of separate waste?
Implementation of a separate waste system.
What is it for in our village?
Project plan development:
a) Collecting data on waste recycling. Conclusion.
b) Drawing up a plan.
IV. Conclusion …………………………………………………….
V. References …………………………………………
I.Introduction
Relevance of the chosen topic.
Relevance of the topic indisputable: each of us throws out a huge amount of garbage. Thus, the average city dweller annually produces about 300 kg or 1.5 m 3 of waste per year. In terms of weight, this is comparable to an average elk, and in terms of volume, it is comparable to three large refrigerators. Imagine how much waste is generated in an apartment building. How many houses are there in our city? According to official data, 40 million tons of household waste (i.e. waste from the residential sector) is emitted in Russia. All in all, more than 4.5 billion tons of garbage go to landfills annually. Remember that the waste of the city is made up of the waste of each inhabitant. This does not include construction or industrial waste. Moreover, we throw garbage both in an organized way (in garbage cans, trash cans, etc.) and unorganized. Poisonous substances that end up in landfills (in waste batteries, accumulators, as well as in rotting and decaying food, penetrate the groundwater, which are often used as a source of drinking water, are blown away by the winds in the surrounding area and thereby cause damage environment... Some decay products are capable of self-igniting, therefore fires regularly occur in landfills, in which soot, phenol, and other toxic substances are released into the atmosphere.
Of all the global environmental problems with which mankind entered the 21st century: the population explosion, the ozone layer, acid precipitation, the growth of household waste, the depletion of fossil natural resources, the shortage of clean fresh water and others, today the problem of the growth of household waste is considered urgent.
Experience of world practice of burying the amount of solid household and industrial waste at landfills and landfills: Russia up to 90%, USA - 73%, Germany - 70%, Japan - 30%. The increasing accumulation of solid household waste leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, groundwater pollution, which are among the most acute environmental problems.
Targets and goals.
Goal: prove the need for separate waste collection in the village.
Tasks.
Draw up a questionnaire and conduct a social survey among students of school No. 6
Analyze the results of the survey.
Study the Separate Waste program.
Subject of study. Problematic question.
Subject of study: garbage collection in the village of Pushkarskie vyselki
Problematic question: whether separate waste collection will affect the ecological situation in the city.
Hypothesis.
At the beginning of the study, I conducted a survey, as a result of which a hypothesis was formed: if you organize the collection of separate waste in the village, this will have a beneficial effect on the ecological situation of the city of Saransk.
Research methods.
1. Search method:
Use of Internet resources
- Finding information on pollution and implementation of the Separate Waste Project
2. Monitoring method:
- Questioning
- Analysis of morbidity statistics
6. Stages of work on the project.
1. Definition of the field of research.
2. Gathering the necessary information.
3. Conducting questioning and testing.
4. Determination of the structure of research work.
5. Summing up.
6. Registration of work.
II ... Main part. Theoretical aspect
Waste classification.
Garbage separation (waste separation, waste sorting, waste separation) and selective waste collection - actions for sorting and collecting waste depending on its origin. Garbage separation is done in order to avoid mixing of different types of garbage and environmental pollution. This process allows waste to be given a "second life", in most cases through its reuse and recycling. Separating waste helps prevent decomposition, rotting and burning in landfills. Consequently, the harmful impact on the environment is reduced (Wikipedia).
Today, garbage is becoming more dangerous and toxic, no microorganisms are able to decompose it. Today, there is an active search for microorganisms that are capable of decomposing plastic, it occupies a huge amount of areas and simply does not decompose in nature.
Garbage classification according to the degree of hazard is carried out for various materials:
Water pollutants
Air pollutants
Chemical substances
All workings can be classified into the following classes:
Extremely hazardous waste materials
Highly hazardous materials
Moderately hazardous waste materials
Low-hazard waste
Practically non-hazardous substances
III. Main part. Practical aspect research.
At the beginning of the study, I conducted a survey among the younger generation, which will later make up the main population of our village, since an important point in the plan is public opinion and the willingness to selectively collect garbage. It was the survey that became the basis for my project.
For the survey, students of the MAOU secondary school № 3 / age 14-17 years / were selected.
Waste management: collection, removal, use, disposal.
In any case, civilized countries have long come to the conclusion that garbage must be properly disposed of and recycled. In Russia, despite the endless expanses, garbage is also becoming a serious problem. IN russian Duma a bill is being discussed, according to which separate waste collection will be introduced, and the waste will have an owner - the one who should be responsible for them at every stage, from collection to recycling. After all, many attractive suburban areas are currently occupied by landfills. Therefore, the authorities of large Russian megacities are already puzzled by this problem, starting to accustom residents to sorting household waste. This is how the proposal is being considered to organize special sorting rooms in new buildings on each floor, where each resident could separate his garbage. At the same time, the construction of waste processing enterprises is underway, where it is planned to receive and re-send recyclable materials for industrial production: waste paper, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and much more. But, unfortunately, in society there is a lack of environmental education among people, and a shortage of waste bins for separate waste collection on city streets.
The strategy of the future should be considered, first of all, the education among the younger generation, respect for the natural environment, the expansion of knowledge, skills and vital necessity for the management of technological processes, the search for new design solutions for the separate collection of waste and their recycling, which will ensure the interests of the present and future generations and the planet Earth will preserve the nature. After all
processing allows: 1) to save valuable natural resources required for the production of any product; 2) save water and energy in the production of goods from secondary raw materials; 3) reduce waste generated as a result of resource extraction and production of goods; 4) reduce the number of landfills and more. But the widespread recycling of waste is possible only as a result of their separation at the place of their generation, i.e. at home, at work, on the street, at the enterprise. This is called segregated waste collection (SSS).
Waste management
In the twentieth century, the amount of production and consumption waste grew so quickly that waste generation became an important problem in large cities and large industries. Along with a large amount of waste, the issue of the lack of natural resources has become acute. Selective collection and subsequent use of secondary resources partially helps to reduce the burden on the environment and to resolve the issue of additional production of raw materials.
Waste disposal
Some waste requires disposal before being disposed of in landfills, landfills or dumps.
One of the most voluminous industrial waste is carbonaceous waste. Modern scientific developments allow you to neutralize most of the industrial waste, reduce its volume and ensure maximum safety. Today, hazardous waste disposal can be carried out by thermal, physicochemical, chemical and other methods. So, with the help of redox reactions, substitution reactions, various toxic and hazardous compounds are converted into an insoluble form.
Danger of waste.
The hazard of waste is determined by their physical and chemical properties, as well as the conditions of their storage or placement in the environment.
For waste, it is necessary to draw up a waste passport, determine the hazard class and limits on waste disposal in the environment, limits on accumulation at the enterprise and other documents.
The term "Hazardous waste" is used in the following cases:
Waste poses a hazard to human health and / or to the normal state of the natural environment.
Hazard class of harmful substances is a conventional value intended for a simplified classification of potentially hazardous substances. The hazard class is established in accordance with industry regulations. For different objects - for chemicals, for waste, for air pollutants, etc. - different standards and indicators have been established.
What does the recycling of waste give for nature and man
When manufacturing products from secondary raw materials, the consumption of non-renewable resources, such as metals, oil, natural gas, wood, etc., is reduced.
This helps protect natural areas and the diversity of life on Earth.
Generally, the production of products from secondary raw materials requires much less energy than the production from primary raw materials. Reducing the amount of energy expended reduces air and water pollution.
Other types of pollution are also reduced, for example, from water runoff during mining, soil erosion and ingress chemical elements when extracting raw materials.
Recycling significantly reduces the amount of waste entering the landfills. This will extend the service life of landfills and reduce their area, for example, the processing of one ton of PET bottles saves about 4m 3 of the landfill area.
Research methodology.
a) Questionnaire
To study the readiness of a teenager, the students were offered a questionnaire, in response to which the students had to tell about their attitude to separate waste collection.
Questionnaire questions.
1. Do you often buy food in plastic packaging?
2. Would you agree to hand over paper to a waste paper collection point?
3. Do you have a positive attitude towards segregated waste?
4. Is it possible to implement "separate waste" in the village?
5. In your opinion, would it be worthwhile to resume delivery of glass bottles?
6. Do you keep the streets, parks, forests, etc. clean?
7. Would you volunteer to clean your home?
8. Are you ready to sort your household waste?
9. What would motivate you to sort your trash?
Results of the survey. Analysis of answers.
General conclusion: it is obvious that 100% separate collection, that is, the participation of the entire population in it, is impossible. Thus, in practice, an intermediate option can be implemented, involving the processing of both separately collected and mixed waste. At the same time, the higher the share of citizens participating in sorting waste at the places of their generation, the lower the costs of waste processing will be.
What is the use of separate waste collection?
First, it is about caring for the environment. Pollution negatively affects human health, especially in the modern world. In Russia, waste is disposed of by incineration, and all harmful emissions enter the atmosphere. But besides this, garbage takes a long time to decompose (especially plastic). If a person leaves it in forest areas, this will worsen the fertility of the soil. That is why it is important not only to collect separate waste, but also to teach to order in nature.
Secondly, recycling. The more production will use secondary raw materials, the more natural resources we will save; the amount of emissions into the atmosphere from waste incineration will decrease; the ecological state of settlements will improve.
Saransk, together with the settlements subordinate to its administration, has a health index of 35%, taking the last 23rd place among the administrative regions of the Republic of Mordovia. In total, 63% of indicators on the territory of Saransk out of 19 studied parameters are the worst or exceed the average value for the republic.
In the municipality of Saransk, where 346.4 thousand residents currently live, or 37% of the republic's population, a difficult ecological situation has developed. The territory of the city is located in the area of \u200b\u200bintense aerosol, water, noise and heat pollution.
Third, the reduction in disease. Our health directly depends on the state of the environment. Selective waste collection and recycling are the keys to a healthy generation.
Fourth, cost reduction. When garbage is delivered, a lot of money is spent on transportation and incineration. Separate waste collection will reduce costs as many recycling industries collect waste themselves from waste containers.
Conclusion: Selective waste collection has a beneficial effect on the environment and human health, reduces costs, which is important for society.
Implementation of a separate waste collection system.
Public hearings;
Brochures, calendars, leaflets were created;
Exhibitions of works organized;
Conclusion: This method of garbage collection is beneficial and convenient. But it is important to interest people who will maintain the new order.
How will such a system work? The sociological research was preceded by an environmental campaign that took place at the school from 2014–2016. The entire teaching staff and students of the school took part in it. During these years, we have conducted research on the issue of waste and recycling. As part of the environmental campaign, the following were held:
What is it for in our village?
It would seem that the village is located next to the Botanical Garden, a forest belt, a small industrial production. Why do we need separate garbage?
Pushkarskie vyselki is a growing settlement. First, the village is located near the airport. Many residents of the village visit the city quite often and, returning, would like to breathe fresh air. Secondly, the population grows, and with it, the amount of waste grows. With a population of 1300 people, approximately the village produces 1950 kilograms daily. It is inconceivable even to imagine how much garbage is generated from our population per year (711750kg). Third, parents want their children to grow up healthy. Fourth, besides the fact that there are emissions from waste incineration, the number of cars is also increasing. Fifthly, the village is located near the highway, on both sides of the bypass roads, from where exhaust gases also come.
Conclusion: there is a need for selective waste collection. Having studied the "advantages" of the program, we see that it will help improve the ecological situation in the village, as the situation in the city will improve.
"A million for a separate collection."
I discovered this project while researching the Greenpeace website. Its goal is to collect a million signatures under an appeal to the mayors of cities and regional governors demanding to make it mandatory to install bins for separate waste collection in each courtyard, to legislate this method of waste management and approve the rules for garbage disposal and normal maintenance of sites where waste is collected.
“Speaking of separate collection, we mean a solution to a specific problem that concerns each of us, our home, yard, city. After all, separate collection is, first of all, the health of our children, who will not have to inhale the air poisoned by waste incineration plants. This is our clean yard, these are the parks that will surround our city. " ("Greenpeace")
The project started quite recently, but it is already gaining momentum. We can take part in this and do our part to protect the environment.
Development of a project plan for the village of Pushkarskie Vyselki.
To develop a project plan, I needed to find information on products that could be recycled. Also, after each, information about the reception points is indicated.
Waste paper- waste of production, processing and consumption of all types of paper and cardboard, suitable for further use as fibrous raw materials.
There are 2 waste paper collection points in the republic on st. Promyshlennaya-1 and JSC "Energia" - st. Proletarskaya d. 132, which accept various types of waste paper: paper, cardboard, books (with and without hardcover), printing waste paper, and so on. Each company has a self-pickup (minimum - from 200 kg.). As the information on the sites indicates, the price depends on the quality of the paper. There are also organizations that post ads on social networks.
Thus, there are waste paper collection points in our city and not far from our village, and, therefore, the delivery of paper can be realized.
Household waste - Substances (or mixtures of substances) recognized as unsuitable for further use after household use of the product end up in the landfill.
Plastic - organic materials based on synthetic or natural high molecular weight compounds (polymers). Plastics based on synthetic polymers are extremely widely used.
A major flaw in the region is the negligible number of plastic collection points. As shown by the search results on the Internet, there are companies in Saransk LLC "MordovVtorResurs", LLC "VtorPlastmas" st. Proletarskaya, d. 130, which accepts plastic for recycling.
Hazardous waste - wastes that contain hazardous substances with hazardous properties (toxicity, explosiveness, fire hazard, high reactivity) or containing pathogens of infectious diseases, or that may pose an immediate or potential hazard to the environment and human health on their own or when coming into contact with other substances (the law "On production and consumption waste"). One small battery, decomposing in a landfill, spoils 400 liters of water.
Recycling points in Mordovia: Mordovian Procurement Company, st. Promyshlennaya1st, 41, LLC Mordovian ecological plant, Aleksandrovskoe shosse 30, MRK, recycling center, st. Construction, 1.
Utilization of batteries - "RegionYugEko" st. Osipenko 8. LLC "Leading utilization company" st. Soviet, 109
Glass- substance and material, one of the most ancient and, due to the variety of its properties, is universal in human practice. Reception of glass containers in Saransk can significantly affect the ecological situation in the city and improve the economic component. Rational disposal of glass containers, its reuse is beneficial to local enterprises. Among them, the producer of beer "SUN InBev", canning factory Saransk and the Saransk dairy plant.
Disposal of household appliances - Over time, household items begin to fail, break down, and if it is possible to eliminate the problem, then for some time they can still be used. And if the breakdown is serious and the device can only be thrown away? Here, everyone should remember that unauthorized release threatens a serious fine, but most importantly, the poisonous harmful compounds contained in the devices will bring enormous harm, which, under the influence of weather conditions, will enter the soil and cause colossal damage to the environment. In Saransk, the acceptance of disposal of household appliances and items is carried out by the companies LLC Promekotekhnologiya, LLC Rusutilit, LLC GriKontrolUtilization, which have special permits and licenses to carry out these activities. In addition to these enterprises, electronic equipment stores such as Eldorado and M.Video provide great assistance in the collection and disposal of equipment from the population.
Conclusion: Based on the provided material, the Separate Waste Project can exist, since there are suitable conditions and the desire of people to take part in promoting the program.
Project plan.
Based on the collected material, I developed a project plan for the implementation of selective waste in the village.
Preparatory stage.
Communication with the inhabitants of the village. For this, it is necessary to conduct a social survey, whether they are ready for such changes. It is important to involve young people who can lead campaign teams in schools and on the streets, talking about the benefits of separate waste collection. Moreover, it is these young people who make up half of the population of the village. Consequently, they will make selective garbage in their families habitual.
It is necessary to enlist the support of the village administration in sponsoring and assistance in the implementation of this project.
Contact companies willing to accept garbage. Find out if they can take it out on their own.
Equipment of sites and purchase of containers for waste collection.
IV. Conclusion
Thus, having studied a large theoretical material, the results of the survey, we confirmed the hypothesis that if you organize the collection of separate waste in the village, it will have a beneficial effect on the entire city. Thanks to it, the ecological situation of both the city and the village will improve. The number of healthy children and adults will increase.
Obviously, the entire population will not participate in the project. In practice, an intermediate option can be implemented, providing for the processing of both separately collected and mixed waste.
V. References
1.www.greenpeace.org/russia/ru/
2.www.wikipedia.org
3.http: //www.new-garbage.com/
4.http: //www.ecoteco.ru/
5.http: //nizhniynovgorod.tradeis.ru/industry/cat/utilizaciya_otkhodov_vtorsyrjo
Implementation -project results.
Conclusion: this plan is the basis for a future project.
Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan
State autonomous professional educational institution
"Yelabuga Polytechnic College"
"Ecological culture"
Elabuga, 2015
Table of contents:
Introduction ……………………………………………………………2
Main part ………………………………………………..…..3
The Constitution of the Russian Federation on Environmental Protection …… .. ……….… .4
Environmental education ……………………………….…. …… .4
Theoretical knowledge of ecological culture ………… ...… .5
Main components of ecological culture …………. …… .6
Practical aspects of ecological culture …………….… ..7
Ways to form an ecological culture in an educational institution:
A) Questioning …………………………………………….……9
B) "Feed the birds" action ………………………………….…10
C) Promotion "Spruce Protection" …………………………………………....11
D) Promotion " Let's clean up the city "………………………………………eleven
E) Essay competition …………………………………………….11
E) Drawing competition ……………………………………………...12
G) Competition of poems of his own composition ………...13
H) Booklet competition ……………………………………………..13
I) Excursion ……………………………………………………..19
Fragments of research work:
A) Determination of the state of atmospheric air ………......14
B) Determination of water hardness at home ……..17
Conclusion ……………………………………………………….......20
Conclusion ………………………………………………….....20
Practical significance of the work carried out …………. …… 20
Bibliographic list …………… .. ………………… ...... 21
Appendices ………………………………………………. …… 22
Introduction
Recently, man has begun to have a significant impact on the environment. Industrial development, an increase in the number of cars and deforestation lead to an increase in the consumption of non-renewable or slowly renewable resources, pollution of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, and the development of the greenhouse effect. If people now do not begin to take care of nature, they will destroy not only it, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to educate a person's ecological culture from an early age.
Objectives:
Expansion and enrichment of knowledge contributing to the development of the ecological culture of students;
Development of various forms of organization of environmental education, education and enlightenment of the younger generation;
Creation of conditions for the formation of an ecological culture, the main feature of which is a responsible attitude to nature.
Tasks:
To cultivate a caring attitude towards the surrounding nature, curiosity, kindness, observation of wildlife;
Promote students' desire to help and protect nature;
To give systemic knowledge about the world around us, to teach to apply knowledge in practice.
Methods and techniques:
observation;
collection of information;
work with literature;
processing the collected information;
excursions;
elements of research work.
Relevance.
Our task is to educate a caring, decent, emotional person who loves the place (regardless of his location) where he was born, not forgetting to love all living things; tenderly and carefully treat the world around us, develop the ecological culture of our pupils.
Forms of work:
Conversation with both students and their parents at parent meetings on the formation of environmental culture, environmental education;
Conducting a survey of students on the subject of their ecological culture;
Making booklets and feeders;
Opening of the canteen on the Maidan "Bird Paradise"
Conducting competitions;
Carrying out promotions
Main part.
The well-being of a person depends on his properly built relationship with nature. And respect for nature should become the norm for human behavior. Therefore, the purpose of my work on environmental education, environmental culture: the use of effective forms and methods of teaching for the formation of students' knowledge, abilities and skills that contribute to active actions to protect the environment, the formation of environmental culture.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 42) states:
everyone has the right to:
favorable environment;
reliable information about her condition;
for compensation for damage caused to his health or property by an environmental offense.
The state should bear full responsibility for the condition and safety of the country's natural resources and habitat.
Unfortunately,
the state has not yet fulfilled this task.
The state of the environment in Russia is characterized as an ecological crisis!
The main directions of work on the formation of ecological culture:
Theoretical knowledge;
Practical knowledge;
An experiment as a piece of research work.
Environmental education.
The solution of the ecological and social problems of society is possible under the condition of a new type of ecological culture. »It is in our days that the greening of the entire system of education and upbringing is required. The goal of this transformation is the penetration of modern environmental ideas and values \u200b\u200binto all spheres of society. Only through the ecologization of all social life can humanity be saved from an ecological catastrophe (N.M. Mamedov) "
In the process of research activities, students gain strength and character, develop a sense of mutual assistance and collectivism. Computer-based research helps to diversify learning activities, increase the motivation of students to self-study the subject.
Theoretical knowledge of ecological culture.
Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, orientation of a person in the field of science, art, as well as active activities to preserve and improve the environment.
This is the result of the pedagogical process, the purpose of which is to form students' conscious attitude towards interacting with nature, a set of ecological meanings about the essence of interaction with nature, skills and practical skills of rational nature management.
A thorough study of environmental problems indicates that a person should not so much protect nature, but rather use it wisely. Man protects, preserves nature for himself, but also protects from himself.
Hence, it is clear that the cause of environmental crises lies not in nature itself, but in consciousness, behavior, and human activity.
Therefore, at present, when shaping an ecological culture, it is important to include the following aspects in it:
ecological ethics - the doctrine of moral relations between nature and man, which is based on the acceptance of nature as a partner, equality of all living things and limitation of the needs and rights of man.
The task of ecological ethics: the extermination of the consumer attitude to nature, based on the position that man is the master of nature. The rights of nature are a form of a just relationship between man and nature. Man must defend and recognize the rights of nature. Basic principles of environmental ethics to be followed:
Do no harm;
Respect for the rights of nature;
Compensation for damage;
No interference.
Moral philosophy is a field of thought, the subject of which is not only morality, and its theory is ethics as a very distant subject, but also normative and descriptive ethics or morality.
The ecological imperative ("the limit of permissible human activity, which he has no right to cross under any circumstances").
Environmental culture is a set of requirements and norms that apply to environmental activities, a person's readiness to follow these requirements and norms.
The structure of culture is made up of the unity of culture, attitude to nature, culture, attitude to society and to other people. Only if these three components are observed, it is possible to talk about ecological culture, which indicates human interaction with the environment.
Ecological culture is a system of knowledge, skills, values, orientations of a person in the field of science, art, as well as active activities to preserve and improve the environment.
This is the result of the pedagogical process, which has as its goal the formation of a student's conscious attitude towards interaction with nature, the totality of interaction with nature, the ability and practical skills of rational nature management.
The main components of the ecological culture of an individual are:
Human knowledge about nature, its relationships, ways of preserving and helping the natural environment; - interest in nature, in living and inanimate components, in the problem of its protection;
Feelings moral and aesthetic;
Various positive activities aimed at the preservation and enhancement of nature, dignified behavior in the human environment;
The motives that determine the actions of children in nature (cognitive, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic, etc.)
Humanity is inextricably linked with nature. Now the issues of her interaction with a person have grown into a global ecological crisis, which includes:
Biosphere pollution;
Changes in the physical, chemical, biological qualities of our planet;
Changing ecosystems and deteriorating human health.
If people now do not begin to take care of nature, they will destroy not only her, but also themselves. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to educate a person's ecological culture from an early age, starting from kindergarten, school, and later on in other educational institutions.
Practical aspects of ecological culture.
The interaction of culture and nature is carried out by man. As a person was brought up, such will be his attitude to nature.
If from an early age a feeling of kindness, tenderness is laid in a child; love reigns in the house, according to the principle "Love your neighbor as yourself", the warmth of relations, mutual understanding, the ability to understand each other even in the most difficult and contradictory situations, then in such families children who are sensitive and attentive not only towards each other, but also in relation to the nature around us.
And the teacher's task is to develop these positive character traits and direct them in the right direction. Such a student, with the support of a teacher, will not be indifferent, indifferent, careless, cannot pass by someone else's pain, by a person who needs protection, support; which will always stop a person breaking a branch of a recently planted tree, although in strength it can be much weaker.
It is easier to work with such students and it is easier to teach them decency and nobility in relation to nature.
But we must call things by their proper names, such situations are much less common. Most often, families are dissatisfied with each other, anger, snobbery, distrust, lies, envy, and sometimes even hatred. And the baby, being brought up in such a family, absorbs the same qualities and vices. Having come to our educational institution, years later, he will fall into the category of "difficult teenagers" and we, teachers, have a lot of painstaking work to "pick up the key" for such a student, to give him confidence in himself, involving in various activities, including number of ecological nature.
The reality around us - nature - is alive. She immediately responds to our introduction. As we treat her, so she answers us.
Therefore, I want to say loudly: “People stop! Change your attitude towards each other! Enough to engage in acquisitiveness, greed, and it is better to try to help someone completely disinterestedly, just like that, from a pure heart. Go out into nature regularly, take care of the meadow where you are resting, do not forget to clean up the trash, extinguish the fire, listen to birdsong, and not turn on the music at the highest volume; because in the forest, on the lawn, there is a life of its own, and it is our duty, our direct duty to reckon with our smaller brothers! "
And her "Majesty Nature", seeing our respect for her, will cease to present us with various ecological cataclysms. How I want to believe it! Hope always dies last!
In Yelabuga polytechnic college the attitude to environmental education is serious: students try to take part in all activities of an environmental nature, showing an interest in ecology
The dissemination of theoretical environmental knowledge in college is primarily associated with the study of the subject "Environmental foundations of nature management", both in the classroom and after school hours, drawing up and solving puzzles and crosswords.
The dissemination of practical environmental knowledge is confirmed by the regular holding of subject weeks, which include promotions and competitions.
In order to find out the attitude to the ecology and cleanliness of the city, check the presence of ecological culture among students. students of our college were divided into groups: some made up the questions of the questionnaire-questionnaire, it turned out 20 questions; while others - there were 240 of them - were asked to take part in the survey, only on one condition that they answered honestly.
A) Questioning. (Appendix 1)
Answer options: "yes", "no".
1. Do you put trash in the trash can?
2. Do you voluntarily participate in waste collection?
3. Do you consider Elabuga a clean city?
4. Will you throw the bottle in the middle of the road / sidewalk into the trash can?
5. Do you think that throwing garbage from windows is uncivilized?
6. Do you think plastic bottles are harmful to the environment?
7. Did you go outside the campus to collect garbage?
8. Do you rarely use the machine?
9. Would you give up cars and switch to a bicycle?
10. Do you consider it necessary that there were sorting bins
(glass, flammable substances, plastic)?
11. Do you check the exhaust gases at the vehicle inspection?
12. Do you think that car exhaust fumes harm people and the environment?
13. Do you think that factories should be located away from cities?
14. Do you plant trees?
15. Do you plant plants at home?
16. Do you walk in the park?
17. Is it worth increasing the number of parks and trees?
18. Do you participate in environmental movements?
19. Do you litter public transport?
20. Do the reagents work well?
According to the results of the questionnaire, it is clear that the issue of environmental culture is not at the proper level for everyone and that we have to work on its development.
“God gave us birds so that we can see every day what beauty is. But we rarely look into the sky and forget about beauty and freedom "(Confucius)
B) "Feed the birds" action.(Appendix 2)
Caring for "our smaller brothers" leaves no one indifferent
Making feeders with your own hands and hanging them (competition)
Constant feeding of birds, bird canteen - "Bird paradise".
Distribution of leaflets in the 4th and 12th microdistrict
Conversation with children from kindergarten
Drawing (competition)
Exhibition of books
C) Promotion "Spruce Protection"
In it, students make models of badges that they ate want to live. Kornilova Natalia 021 g "Technology of public catering products" shows her personal attitude:
« Have pity on the Christmas trees, let them grow
After all, they are beauties, they give us air!
An ax climbed over her to cut her down,
Think about the fact that she also wants to live! "(Appendix 3)
D) Action "Clean up the city"
It is very difficult to get people to do anything. If they sometimes cannot clean their yard, what to say about others. But it is important to convince, try, look for solutions: by your own example, constantly take part in subbotniks under the motto: "Cleanly, not where they clean, but where they don't litter!" (Appendix 4)
E) Essay competition.
In an essay competition on the theme “Protect the Nature”, students express their position in relation to nature and their native land.
Excerpts from the composition (I place) Balobanova Olga. 481, specialty "Chemical technology inorganic substances»
“… Once, in despair, wandering along the street of my native village, I, tired of the sun, decided to go into a small forest, which is three hundred meters from me. There, besides birches, other trees grow, and various shrubs, grasses and flowers. I felt myself in this small forest as a happy person. She lay down on the grass, hugged her, pressed herself to the ground and did not feel like falling asleep.
I was awakened by the chirping of restless sparrows, who also hid from the heat in this amazing corner of nature. I turned face up and there, high behind the tops of the trees, a small piece of the sky was looking at me. I lay there for a long time, wonderful thoughts about my recent acquaintance with an interesting person visited my head. I so did not want to leave, light clouds looked at me from the sky, and it seemed to me that they were smiling and calling me to follow them. And I thought how much charm the forest has, how gentle and welcoming it is! "
Excerpts from the composition (IIa place).
Fatykhova Guzel 491 specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering"
« … The forest is one of the most important ecosystems that makes our life better, because the forest is the lungs of the planet.
In our time, little attention is paid to forests, although parks and protected areas are being created. A very large part of the forest is being cut down, a large number of trees are destroyed by fires. All this is due to the negligence of people. People do not appreciate what they have, only when they lose will they begin to appreciate it; appreciate nature as it is ... "
E) Our students take part in a drawing competition, where they show their attitude to nature.
Drawing contests - Volkov Alexander 291, specialty "Technology of mechanical engineering" - ( I place) (Appendix 5)
G) Making booklets remind us of our behavior in nature.
Booklet competition.
Booklet competition - Mikhail Kreshchenov. 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances" ( I place) (Appendix 6)
H) Competition of poems of his own composition
The competition of poems of his own composition leaves no one indifferent, makes one think about the meaning of being. The winner of this competition was Anastasia Ilyasova - she writes sensually and soulfully.
Author: Ermakov Pavel Alexandrovich. -051а, specialty "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles" (I a place)
Take care of nature guys,
Protect forests and fields
Take care of spring water
After all, this is sacred land.
Let's save all the lakes, trees,
So that they are eternal
To be like in the past
The trees were not alone.
Blue and clear skies
So that it was always above them, -
Take care guys nature
There is only one nature.
People trample and spoil nature,
They set fire to and cut down forests
Let's create a protected area
Our land will be preserved.
For the formation of skills in research activities, the development of logical literacy, the cognitive abilities of students, certain work is carried out.
Research work plan:
Preliminary stage: determining what you need to know about the investigated environmental problem. Clarification of local environmental problems.
Determination of the research goal and ways of its solution.
Research stage: studying the state of the environment or the proposed problem in practice, conducting field research, surveys, working with additional literature. Then the experiment is planned based on theoretical knowledge and practical skills and the experiment is carried out.
Analysis of work and dissemination of experience results.
Study of the state of atmospheric air in the area of \u200b\u200bthe college, Lenin Square, and the Elaza polyclinic.
Purpose of the study:
Improvement of the research activities of the younger generation, aimed at studying the nature of their native land and assessing its ecological state;
Study of an area more favorable in terms of ecological indicators.
Research objectives:
Study articles, literature on the topic under study;
To study the state of atmospheric air in various regions and the adverse effect on human health;
Analyze where the air is cleaner and why.
Research methods:
Observation;
Study of literature;
Experiment.
Subject of study
Air.
Completing of the work
We chose 3 places in the city for taking measurements (college area; Lenin square; polyclinic area)
We counted the number of vehicles, dividing it into 4 main types ("cars", "gazelles", "buses", "freight"), on a section 60 meters long, within 20 minutes. (N)
We calculated the number of vehicles of each type in 1 hour. (N 1 \u003d N *(60/ t))
The distance traveled for 1 hour was calculated for each type.(L \u003d S * N 1 )
Calculated the amount of fuel burned on this selected section of the route.(Q \u003d L * V)
V -specific fuel consumption:
Passenger cars: 0.12 l / km
Gazelle: 0.17 l / km
Bus: 0.42 l / km
Freight: 0.33 l / km
Calculated the volume of exhaust gases. (1 liter of fuel accounts for approximately 16 liters of exhaust)
We calculated the amount of harmful substances emitted by vehicles based on the data obtained on the volume of exhaust, and based on Table 1.
We entered all the results of the calculations into tables, separately for each district.
Calculation example .
College District.
Cars:N = 76
Time:t \u003d 20 minutes
Section length:S \u003d 60 m.
Transport per hour:N 1 = N*(60/ t)
N 1 = 76*(60/20)= 228
Distance covered in 1 hour:L= S* N 1
L\u003d 60 * 228 \u003d 13680 m \u003d 13.68 km.
Fuel burned:Q= L* V ( V for cars \u003d 0.12 l / km)
Q\u003d 13.68 * 0.12 \u003d 1.6416 l
Exhaust volume: 1 liter of fuel burned accounts for approximately 16 liters of exhaust.
1.6416 * 16 \u003d 26.2656 l
The minimum and maximum amount of harmful substances, based on the data on the percentage of table. # 1:
CO 2 min. \u003d 26.2656 * 0 \u003d 0 l
CO 2 max \u003d 26.2656 * 0.16 \u003d 4.202496 l
Soot max. \u003d 0.04 * (26.2656 * 0.001) \u003d 0.001050624 gr.
other substances are similar.
We fill in the table. We build graphs of the state of atmospheric air in neighborhoods. (Appendix 7)
Conclusion:
As you can see from the graph, the college area turned out to be the cleanest.
And the most polluted area is the area of \u200b\u200bLenin Square.
Do not pollute the environment and preserve a few parks and green spaces in the area of \u200b\u200bresidence, plant new young trees.
Spend as much time as possible in the fresh air, and moderately (20 minutes a day) use the Internet, only when preparing homework.
Participate in planting more trees to keep the area healthy and clean.
A person cannot do without water, the water in our region is quite hard and you can show how to determine the hardness at home.
Determination of water hardness at home
This method was described in his book by I. Sheremetyev. This method is based on the fact that laundry soap, like any other soap, is difficult to dilute in hard water. And only when the soap binds excess calcium and magnesium salts, soap foam appears.
To determine the hardness of water, you need to weigh one gram of laundry soap, grind it and gently dissolve it in a small amount of hot distilled water so that no foam is formed. Distilled water can be purchased at auto dealerships. It is used to add to the battery when the electrolyte concentration rises.
Next, pour the soap solution into a cylindrical glass and add distilled water to the level of 6 centimeters if the soap is 60% or to 7 centimeters if the soap is 72%. The percentage of soap content is indicated on the bar. Now, each centimeter of the soap solution level contains the amount of soap capable of binding hardness salts, the amount of which corresponds to 1 mg / l in 1 liter of water. Next, pour half a liter of test water into a liter jar. And, stirring continuously, we gradually add our soap solution from a glass to a jar of test water. At first, there will be only gray flakes on the surface. Then multi-colored soap bubbles will appear. The appearance of a stable white soap suds indicates that all hardness salts in the water under study are bound. Now we look at our glass and determine how many centimeters of solution we had to pour from the glass into the water under study. Each centimeter bound in half a liter of water the amount of salts corresponding to 2 mg / l. Thus, if you had to pour 4 centimeters of soap solution into the water before the foam appears, then the hardness of the test water is 8 mg / l.
If you poured all the soap solution into the water, and the foam still does not appear, this means that the hardness of the test water is more than 12 mg / l. In this case, we dilute the test water twice with distilled water. And we analyze again. Now the resulting stiffness result will need to be multiplied by two. The resulting value will correspond to the hardness of the test water.
With a certain experience, the error of the method is about 1 - 2 mg / l. Which is perfectly acceptable for our purposes. Given the simplicity and availability of the method, it certainly deserves attention.
The experiment was carried out by me, having examined the water at home, I found that the hardness of the water in my house is 12 ml / l at a rate of 6-7 mg / l - the water is quite hard.
1 ... I took a 1 gram piece of laundry soap.
2 .He warmed up distilled water, crumbled a piece of soap in hot water
3 .Poured hot distilled water into a cylindrical beaker.
4 .Added distilled water to 6 cm level
5 I took a liter jar and poured half a liter of the test water into it
6 Slowly stirring water in a liter jar, slowly pouring in soapy water.
7. Pouring all the soap solution into a liter jar, I found that the water hardness is 12 mg / l.
Conclusion: the water of this sample is hard, at a rate of 7mg / l, we got 12mg / l, the water can be softened by boiling (Appendix 8)
Excursions are important, which contribute to the visual perception of what you saw, including an excursion to the water utility. (Appendix 9)
Conclusion.
Conclusion:
The ecological problem is getting worse every year. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil more and more polluted every day.
According to our research, it can be seen that transport pollutes the air, the number of springs and wells decreases every year, and the number of landfills, on the contrary, increases.
To do this, we need to carry out clean-ups more often, clear everything around from garbage, reduce the number of landfills and plant trees for landscaping.
Ways to solve environmental problems.
Conversion of an internal combustion engine to gaseous fuel;
The existing long-term experience of operating a car on propane - butane mixtures shows a huge environmental effect. The amount of carbon monoxide, heavy metals and hydrocarbons in automobile emissions is sharply reduced;
To reduce the emissions of the entire fleet of vehicles, the emissions of each vehicle must be reduced. It is necessary to improve the design of the engines.
Replace gasoline and diesel fuel with biofuel, which is more environmentally friendly and safe.
Practical significance of the environmental project:
The developed booklets can be used as propaganda material for the population and in social institutions, when working in children's educational institutions
The materials of this work can be used in the classroom in the institutions of NGOs and secondary vocational schools on the subject "Environmental foundations of environmental management", in particular, when studying the topic "Industrial enterprises and waste disposal", on the subject "Fundamentals of jurisprudence" when studying the section "Environmental law", can be used as information material when conducting extracurricular activities on environmental education.
And also on the subject "Chemistry" when studying the topics "The most important classes of inorganic compounds", "Water", "Production of sulfuric acid", "Production of nitric acid", "Production of ammonia", "Industrial oil refining".
This work is of practical importance, where the elements research works the promised ones are carried out independently and will help teachers in the formation of an ecological culture.
Thus, shaping the ecological culture of students, a general culture of the individual is formed, aimed at the formation of norms of moral, humane behavior of people and a thrifty attitude to the environment - a condition for the formation of ecological culture - the effective implementation of professional activities.
Bibliographic list:
Aksenov I. We and our land. M .: Young Guard, 1986.
Alekseeva A. Earth is our home. Publ .: Young Guard, 1999.
Akhatov A. Ecology. encyclopedic Dictionary... Kazan, Tatar Book Publishing House, 1995.
Great Medical Encyclopedia, M, 2001. Chief Editor - Academician V.V. Petrovsky; volume No. 4, edition 3; publishing house: "Soviet Encyclopedia" Moscow, 1976. Publisher: CJSC "Company Media Service"; editor Matte Black.
Mamedov N.M. "Theoretical foundations" of environmental education - M.-1995.
Ursul A.D. “The way to the noosphere. The concept of survival and sustainable development "- M.-1993.
Appendix 1.
Questioning.
The survey results are presented in the graph:
Appendix 2.
Bird canteen - "Bird paradise".
Appendix 3.
Spruce guard
Neretin Ilya. 631 "Welding production"
Take care of the Christmas trees!
We take care of our Christmas trees,
And in offense, we do not give them to anyone.
You, not knowing how much benefit they bring us,
Chop them without sparing, you with your ax.
Understand you, these loud words,
And thinking later, chop this tree or no !!!
Appendix 4.
Let's cleanse the city!
Appendix 5.
Drawing competition.
Volkov Alexander 291, "Technology of mechanical engineering" -I a place
Nigemov Niyaz 231 "Welding production"
Shaydullova Alsu 221, "Technology of public catering products"
Kharisova Reseda 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"
Safiulin Rail 951a, "Maintenance and repair of road transport"
Appendix 6.
Booklet competition.
Kreschenov Mikhail. 481 "Chemical technology of inorganic substances"
Let's save the forests!
Pines
Forget the disease, open the window, inhale
pine early morning moisture,
be meaningfully silent about important things,
and other things - not to notice at all.
Maybe these pines are tall
not because the design of nature,
but because the sailing fleet
laid, contrary to nature.
And in each - a silent dream
say - "dream" and you will hear - "mast",
everything else doesn't mean more,
than squirrel empty vanity.
Everything else is wetslice,
and the prospect of living with phantom pain
and see how it crosses the field
road leaving the forest.
Andrey Medinsky
The forest is the main wealth of a person. It is called the lungs of the planet, it gives people wood, mushrooms and berries, and serves as a home for animals. The forest will disappear from the globe, animals and birds will disappear, and man himself will disappear. And these are not big words, it really is. Preserving the forest is an important task for each of us.
Appendix 7.
Table No. 1
The content of harmful substances in exhaust gases.
Substances
Petrol engines
Diesel
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) , about.%
0,0-16,0
1,0-10,0
Carbon monoxide (CO) , about.%
0,1-5,0
0,01-0,5
Nitrogen oxides (NO), vol.%
0,0-0,8
0,0002-0,5
Hydrocarbons (CH), vol.%
0,2-3,0
0,09-0,5
Aldehydes, vol.%
0,0-0,2
0,001-0,009
Soot, g / m 3
0,0-0,04
0,01-1,10
Benzpyrene g / m 3
10-20 10 −6
10 × 10 −6
College District.
number of vehicles
section length
time
number of vehicles per hour
specific fuel consumption
burned fuel
cars:
min
228
13,68
km
0,12
l / km
1,6416
liters
gazelle:
18
54
3,24
km
0,17
l / km
0,5508
liters
bus:
2
6
0,36
km
0,42
l / km
0,1512
liters
freight:
0
0
0
km
0,33
l / km
0
liters
CO2 ( l)
CO ( l)
NO ( l)
exhaust volume
min.
max.
min.
max.
min.
max.
cars:
26,2656
liters
0
4,202496
0,0262656
1,31328
0
0,2101248
gazelle:
8,8128
liters
0
1,410048
0,0088128
0,44064
0
0,0705024
bus:
2,4192
liters
0
0,387072
0,0024192
0,12096
0
0,0193536
freight:
0
liters
0
0
0
0
0
0
Content of harmful substances.
Lenin Square
The number of vehicles on the roads.
number of vehicles
section length
time
number of vehicles per hour
total distance covered in 1 hour
specific fuel consumption
burned fuel
cars:
228
60
m
20
min
684
41,04
km
0,12
l / km
4,9248
liters
gazelle:
34
102
6,12
km
0,17
l / km
1,0404
liters
bus:
4
12
0,72
km
0,42
l / km
0,3024
liters
freight:
0
0
0
km
0,33
l / km
0
liters
CO2 ( l)
CO ( l)
NO ( l)
exhaust volume
min.
max.
min.
max.
min.
max.
cars:
78,7968
liters
0
12,60749
0,0787968
3,93984
0
0,6303744
gazelle:
16,6464
liters
0
2,663424
0,0166464
0,83232
0
0,1331712
bus:
4,8384
liters
0
0,774144
0,0048384
0,24192
0
0,0387072
freight:
0
liters
0
0
0
0
0
0
Content of harmful substances.
Polyclinic ELAZ.
Number of vehicles on the roads
number of vehicles
section length
time
number of vehicles per hour
total distance covered in 1 hour
specific fuel consumption
burned fuel
cars:
228
60
m
20
min
684
41,04
km
0,12
l / km
4,9248
liters
gazelle:
34
102
6,12
km
0,17
l / km
1,0404
liters
bus:
4
12
0,72
km
0,42
l / km
0,3024
liters
freight:
0
0
0
km
0,33
l / km
0
liters
CO2 ( l)
CO ( l)
NO ( l)
exhaust volume
min.
max.
min.
max.
min.
max.
cars:
78,7968
liters
0
12,60749
0,0787968
3,93984
0
0,6303744
gazelle:
16,6464
liters
0
2,663424
0,0166464
0,83232
0
0,1331712
bus:
4,8384
liters
0
0,774144
0,0048384
0,24192
0
0,0387072
freight:
0
liters
0
0
0
0
0
0
Content of harmful substances.
Based on the results obtained, a graph was drawn, where the pollution of individual microdistricts is clearly visible.
Comparison of atmospheric air pollution in microdistricts of the city.
Appendix 8.
How to determine water hardness at home:
1.
2.
3,4.
5,6.
Appendix 9.
Excursion to the water utility
At the water utility, for the purification and disinfection of water, they addAl2 (SO4)3
Polyacrimilin
Filtration of water from large particles
Filters where water is purified using quartz sand
Municipal educational institution
"Kuvshinovskaya secondary school number 2"
Educational and research environmental project
Ecology of school space
Project type: creative, research
Project hypothesis : environmental monitoring, analysis of their results, environmental educationof all participants in the educational process will help preserve their health, improve learning conditions.
Objective of the project: preserving the health of students, creating favorable learning conditions.
Tasks:
Educational
to expand and deepen the knowledge of students about the role of nature in human life;
to acquaint students with the diversity, living conditions of indoor plants, their importance for human health.
developing:
develop the ability to analyze, reason, prove your opinion;
educational:
to ensure the interconnection of educational and educational processes;
to bring up a respectful attitude towards indoor plants, a sense of belonging, personal responsibility for what is happening around.
to form research skills, the ability to work with various types of information sources;
develop the ability to analyze, select, classify the information received;
develop the ability to creatively apply the knowledge gained
Predicted Results:
The student will know:
the names of indoor plants and the living conditions of these plants at home;
rules for caring for indoor plants;
the action of natural factors (light, heat, moisture, soil composition) on the vital activity of indoor plants;
The student will be able to:
work with additional literature;
observe and care for indoor plants;
work in a group;
formalize the results of their activities according to the plan.
The student will educate in himself:
curiosity;
independence;
tolerance;
organization.
Formulation of the problem :
insufficient or improper landscaping of school classrooms contributes to the creation of unfavorable conditions for learning.
Design :
formation of groups, distribution of tasks, definition of tasks.
Search for information:
study of reference, popular science literature,
monitoring.
Intermediate product: consultations, presentation design, preparation of speeches.
Project presentation.
School ecology is an activity in space school lifeconsistent with human nature.
School is the place where children spend most of their time and therefore must meet certain requirements. If we talk about the ecology of the school, the main requirement here is the preservation of health.
What are the benefits of indoor plants, and whether only benefit, or do they bloom within the walls of our school solely for beauty.
Taking into account the tendency of a sharp decline in the population, the problem of creating and maintaining a healthy society is put forward. This increases the responsibility of the education system not only for the spiritual, but also for the physical development of the new generation, strengthening the health of students, introducing them to the value of a healthy lifestyle. The state of health of children, adolescents and young people causes justified concern for the whole society as a whole. In this regard, such a direction of work as health protection and the introduction of health-saving learning technologies is becoming the most important for the school and all participants in the educational process.
Houseplants came to us from distant countries. Decorating our interior, they invite us to break out of the routine. The most amazing of them take us on trips, making us forget about the banal everyday life.
Choosing "green friends", we focus on our own aesthetic taste, listen to the advice of relatives and friends. This is, as a rule, everything is limited, but in vain, because plants have a number of wonderful properties, the existence of which we do not even suspect! By settling in our house, "green tenants" contribute tosound absorption, humidify the air, saturate it with oxygen and cleanse it from harmful impurities... Special biogenic substances secreted by plants increase working capacity, normalize sleep, increase the adaptive abilities of a person
“Green friends” bring harmony and serenity into our life, next to them we feel a surge of energy and at the same time we rest. When choosing plants, many of us do not think about what effect they will have on our health, both physical and psychological. Plants act on us with their aroma, color of leaves and flowers, crown shape.
Indoor plants are an obligatory component of the school classroom. They decorate the room and create comfort. Plants perform various functions, have an aesthetic, psychological effect, and improve the air environment. In recent years, one more important function of plants has become increasingly clear - cleaning the environment from various pollutants. Like a filter, they clean the air from dust and harmful gases.
Plants with phytoncidal properties: increase the amount of oxygen, increase the content of negative light ions. They have a positive effect on respiratory processes, lower blood pressure, increase muscle strength and endurance: decrease tachycardia and arrhythmia; serve as a means of prevention for dystonia and hypertension. - Reduces the number of microorganisms in the air by 70-80%.
Conifers - cryptomeria, cypress, Olsander cypress, laurel, fortunella, prickly pear cactus. Citrus cactus - prickly pear - reduces the number of molds by 6-7 times, has healing properties (heals wounds). Euphorbia, citruses. Cissus hibiscus, cissus, ficus, akalifa, aglaonema "cope" with microbes (staphylococcus). For a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to place one plant specimen per 1 m3 of the room.
Plants that can relieve stress. If possible, it is a good idea to arrange a relaxation room at the school. It is best to plant in it: pelargonium, oregano, myrtle, lemon balm, fragrant geranium (take into account the tendency to an allergic reaction). Plants clean the air not only from bacteria, but also from dust. More than 300 species have such properties. In addition, another 160 species are intended for open ground. These are mainly coniferous plant species. In addition to dust retention, some of them are also capable of absorbing sound; it is useful to plant them in schoolyards located near roads, and this is important due to the growing number of vehicles. The air contains toxins from synthetic materials used in finishing works.
Within the framework of the program of continuous environmental education and upbringing, it is possible to carry out an independent project to study the species composition of the school's indoor plants. This work is accessible and interesting to students.
The aim of the project is to determine the name of each plant, its family, homeland using reference books; study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants; landscaping of school classrooms.
The project is intended for students in grades 5-9. Depending on the age of the students, the “Indoor Plants in School” project can be divided into several stages, each of which includes both theoretical and practical parts.
5-6 grades
- Study of the species composition of indoor plants in school classrooms.
- The school's gardeners circle.
- Messages in biology lessons.
7th grade
- Creating a map "Map of the world on the windowsills of the school (class)".
-"Traveling with Houseplants".
8-9 grades
- Study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants.
- Greening of school classrooms, taking into account the air thermal conditions of detention.
- Speech at the environmental scientific and practical conference.
The work on determining the species composition of plants was divided into two stages.
At the first stage ( Grade 5 ) students identify and describe the plants in the base cabinet. For these purposes, use a special reference literature. The most successful in this regard is Hession's reference book "All about indoor plants" (Moscow: Kladez, 1996).
In the second stage ( 6th grade ), working in groups, students define and describe the species composition of indoor plants in school classrooms. It should be noted that work in groups where students jointly complete assignments contributes to improving communication skills, better assimilation of knowledge and intellectual development of children.
Data on the species composition of plants are placed in a classroom corner or on a separate stand. In addition, a plate is placed in a container with plants, where the name, species, and birthplace of the plant are indicated. You can also hold a meeting of the gardeners of the school, where you can give recommendations on how to work with reference books, indicate which plants, depending on the exposition of windows, are advisable to grow in a particular office. Also important is the connection between the experimental activity of students and the educational process, which is established through the subjects of the natural cycle. For example, in the 6th grade biology course, students study the morphology of plants, and the knowledge about plants obtained in the process of working on a project not only serves as a good addition, but can also be applied in the course of geography, in particular, in the study of continents. Based on knowledge of the species composition of indoor plants of the school, a map of the world's vegetation is created, which indicates the homeland of each plant.
In this case,outstripping training. To prepare such a lesson, the children work through a fairly large amount of literature, both reference and scientific, suggested by the teacher or found independently. Such lessons are undoubtedly more interesting both for the children preparing the material and for the whole class as a whole.
Working on a vegetation map, students will learn that the homeland of most of the houseplants in the school is the humid forests of America and Africa, since the humidity and temperature conditions in the classrooms of the school are quite consistent with the natural conditions of this natural zone (the ecological state of the school classrooms is monitored under the guidance of a chemistry teacher). It becomes obvious to students that in central Russia at the latitude of Moscow, these plants require certain conditions of keeping. This applies to moderate watering in winter and abundant in summer, shading of plants in the hot season and lighting in the cold, "wintering" for cacti, etc. The results of the work can be issued in the form of mini essays or shown on the stand in the classroom.
The final stage second stage the project is a presentation of the results of research and practical work. For students in grades 5-7, it is better to do this in the form of the "Traveling with indoor plants" holiday. Leading students, using the vegetation map of the world, talk about the living conditions of the plants found in the school.
For students in grades 8-9, the study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants is of particular interest. From reference and popular science literature, we learned that the school has plants that determine the sanitary state of the air in the classrooms, i.e. acting as bioindicators. These include tradescantia, begonia, asparagus, violet. In addition, there are detoxifying plants in the offices that can neutralize toxic substances in the air. This is tuft chlorophytum, common myrtle, fern, geranium, Chinese hibiscus, coleus, royal begonia, dracaena, ivy, dieffenbachia, succulent cacti.
Students in the school's landscaping program selected plants for each classroom, taking into account environmental factors.
In addition, we have been working to identify plants that have medicinal properties. At school, these plants include: agave, aloe, aspidistra, aucuba, hibiscus, zephyranthes, Kalanchoe, saxifrage, passionflower, pelargonium, ivy, sanseviera, thuja, fatsia, ficus. We presented the results in the form of a catalog "Medicinal plants at school", indicating the species composition, the use of plants in the homeland, and pharmacological properties. For each plant of the healer, an abstract of the therapeutic action, methods of application, is compiled.
results students presented the project work at the school scientific and practical conference, which was attended by representatives of all classes of middle and high school. Thus, the achievements of individual groups of schoolchildren become known to almost the entire school and can be claimed by everyone.
The most interesting works were presented at the ecological scientific and practical conference.
I have an idea creating a cabinet of indoor plants. The idea to create it appeared because a large number of indoor plants were collected at the school.
Indoor plants are used in the classroom and in extracurricular work as a demonstration and handout material, when conducting observations and setting up the simplest experiments. Living objects should be unpretentious in their maintenance and care. Sanitary and hygienic requirements, lighting standards, safety measures must be observed. Plants that do not cause allergic reactions are selected.
When choosing plants in the office, it is possible to take into account their use in the classroom and in extracurricular work, taking into account their role in the design of the office. Plants are placed on racks, mounted in walls or on stands. Two or three large plants create a unique interior.
Work in mode project activities becomes a source for creating the necessary equipment for the office. It is necessary to highlight those tasks in the implementation of which schoolchildren can take part. Creative in its essence, which includes research, search, problem situations, project activities fills the life of each office with interesting things.
Analyzing the available resources and capabilities of children, we gave preference to these types of project activities:
research
applied
informational
Research the project requires a certain work algorithm:
Identifying and posing a problem;
- formulation of the hypothesis;
- setting goals and objectives;
- planning of actions;
- collection of data, their analysis and synthesis, comparison with known information;
- preparation and writing of the project, its effectiveness;
- defense, presentation of the project.
Applied the project from the very beginning clearly indicates the result of the activities of its participants.
Informational the project is aimed at analyzing and generalizing, for a wide audience, any information.
"Ecology and phytodesign of a school office"
Goal: to get acquainted with the laws of arranging indoor plants, with the profession of a florist-decorator.
Tasks:
1. To study the species composition of indoor plants in the cabinet
2. Establish which houseplants are most popular in school landscaping
3. What requirements are taken into account when breeding plants at school.
Methods:
Observation
Experiment
Expected results: acquisition of knowledge, flowers in the school office
We decided to equip our school office and start phytodesign of the office:
Landscaping it so that it is aesthetically pleasing, comfortable for work; and the conditions for keeping plants were met.
Using the literature on indoor floriculture, we found that plants belonging to 5 groups are used in landscaping premises:
1group - decorative deciduous (palm trees, fern, dracaena)
Group 2 - flowering (begonias, cacti, roses)
Group 3 - hanging (chlorophytum, tradescantia)
Group 4 - curly or clinging (ivy, monstera, asparagus)
Group 5 - bulbous or tuberous (cyclomen, gloxinia)
In schools, it is best to grow simple, undemanding plants (tradescantia, chlorophytum), easy and abundant flowering, for which children can take care. Plants that cause irritation of the skin and mucous membranes or have bright fruits are completely excluded.
To make people's lives more beautiful and cleaner, we use plants. But you also need to take care of the flowers. Before breeding plants, you need to find out the basic requirements of each of them for
Humidity
Illumination
Temperature
Plants need light for normal development. All plants can be divided into three groups according to the requirement for illumination:
Group 1 - light-loving
Group 2 - shade-loving
Group 3 - shade-tolerant
Indoor air temperature is of no small importance for the development of plants, especially in winter.
Adequate moisture is required for the normal development of plants.
In addition, the number of medicinal indoor plants, such as aloe, Kalanchoe, should be increased in the offices. These plants increase immunity and have bactericidal properties. The most popular plant in the school is chlorophytum. This is said about him: the worse the air is for us, the better for him. For landscaping, we recommend light-loving and shade-tolerant plants.
When composing compositions, the following rules and methods of plant placement must be taken into account. There are several basic techniques for placing indoor plants indoors.
1.A single plant can be evergreen or flowering.
A well-composed composition of several plants pleases the eye and turns the room into an oasis where beauty and comfort reign, where harmony of nature and man reigns.
2.Very effective in the interior of climbing plants, suspended in a specially made pots.
3 very beautiful small gardens on rocks
4 groups of plants planted together are very effective
Flowers ennoble our life, caress the eye, give people joy, soften morals, bring peace and relaxation. Giving flowers means expressing feelings of love, reverence, affection, respect. (See presentation).
Additional Information on vocational guidance.
The creation of green interiors is a special area of \u200b\u200barchitecture that requires versatile knowledge and a great artistic taste. Therefore, a florist-decorator is working on the creation of the most complex modern projects.
A florist - decorator - an irreplaceable consultant who will give advice on indoor floriculture in various rooms, in a large and small apartment, in a study room, in a large hall, in recreation. In doing so, he will take into account the effect of plants on human health. In addition, he can make a bouquet or flower arrangement. People of this profession know how to make bouquets not only from fresh flowers, but also from dry or artificial ones. Florists work in greenhouses, greenhouses, nurseries and in the open field, in experimental plots, in parks, squares. Florists-decorators reveal the beauty of nature to man. Florists bring landscaping projects to life. They participate in the planning of green spaces, make ridges, loosen the soil, and apply fertilizers. To preserve a clear pattern of flower beds and lawns, they are trimmed, thinned out, faded inflorescences are cut off, fragile plants are tied to pegs. It is better to choose this profession for people who love nature and have a good aesthetic taste. Aesthetically designed parks, squares, sidewalks are pleasing to the eye and create a festive mood among people. In addition, green spaces play a hygienic and protective role, retard the spread of dust, soften noise, and help restore the normal composition of the ambient air.
Nature is rich in amazing colors. We will definitely meet them at our school.
Environmental project
Children age 6 years
Number of children - 10
Made up:
Lopaeva Tatiana Yurievna
Educator 1 to K.
lobva village
2014
Environmental project «!»
Lopaeva T.Yu.educator, 1KK
Sections:
1. Relevance of the project
2.Goals and objectives
3 stages of implementation
4 expected results
5. Application
PROJECT PASSPORT
Project type:
By content: child and nature conservation
Project participants: children - teachers - parents
By the number of participants: collective
short
Problem:
Hypothesis:
1.Relevance of the problem
Every day during a walk, preschoolers take part in cleaning the territory of their site and each time they have questions: where does so much garbage come from? Where is the garbage taken? etc. To answer these non-childish questions and try to solve the "garbage problem", we have developedthe project "We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage!"
2. Purpose of the project:
Project objectives:
3. Stages of project implementation
Stage 1 - preparatory
2. Drawing up a long-term plan of project activities"We are friends with nature, we don't need garbage!"on the formation of environmental education;
Stage 2 - organizational
5. 6.
cognitive reading;
the release of an ecological newspaper;
Stage 4 - final
4. Expected results
5. APPENDIX
Appendix 1.
Questionnaire for parents.
Appendix 2.
« We are friends with nature, we don't need garbage!»
activity
Performers
Excursions along the streets of the village. Familiarization with the properties of paper. Experimental activity "Making new paper"
Educator, children
Educator, children
Educator, children
Educator, children
Parents, children, parents
Educator, children
Educator, children, parents
Educator, children
Educator, children
Educator, children
11.
Educator, children
12.
« New life unnecessary things "
Educator, children, parents
13.
Educator, children
14.
Educator, children, parents
Appendix 3.
Goal:
Goal:
Goal:
Balloon experience
Goal:
Theme: « »
Goal:
9. Games.
1. "What have I seen?"
2. "Tell me about the subject"
3. "What's superfluous?"
4. "Guess the material"
5. "Good bad"
6. "Find Friends"
7 ... "On the contrary"
8. "What from what"
Equipment. Ball.
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- Other
Description:
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution of the Novolyalinsky urban district "Kindergarten No. 15" Berezka "
Environmental project
Topic: "We are friends with nature, we don't need garbage!"
Children age 6 years
Number of children - 10
Made up:
Lopaeva Tatiana Yurievna
Educator 1 to K.
lobva village
2014
Environmental project "We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage!"
Lopaeva T.Yu. educator, 1KK
Sections:
1. Relevance of the project
2.Goals and objectives
3 stages of implementation
4 expected results
5. Application
PROJECT PASSPORT
Project type: information research
Project participants:children - teachers - parents
By the number of participants:collective
By the duration of the project:short
Problem: nature conservation, an attempt to solve the "garbage problem"
Hypothesis: if household waste is sorted into groups, then each of them can be recycled for reuse without harm to the environment. Or maybe garbage can be given a "second life"?
1.Relevance of the problem
Preschool age is an intrinsically valuable stage in the development of an individual's ecological culture. At this age, the child begins to distinguish himself from the environment, an emotional-value attitude towards the environment develops, the foundations of the moral and ecological positions of the individual are formed.
The ecological and social situation of today puts forward the task of searching for universal means of ecological education in modern conditions for preschool education specialists. One of such means, in our opinion, may be an environmental project, one of the few technologies that takes the teacher out of the walls of the kindergarten into the world around and social reality.
Every day during a walk, preschoolers take part in cleaning the territory of their site and each time they have questions: where does so much garbage come from? Where is the garbage taken? etc. To answer these non-childish questions and try to solve the “garbage problem”, we have developed a project “We are friends with nature, we don’t need garbage!”.
2. Purpose of the project:
to form in children knowledge about various different types nature protection activities. (In the process of deepening and expanding children's knowledge about household waste and their properties, to form an ecological culture and respect for nature)
Project objectives:
To give children an idea of \u200b\u200bthe types of household waste and their properties.
To give children an idea of \u200b\u200bthe dangers of household waste in the life of humans and living organisms.
Clarify children's ideas about the main sources of pollution of land, water, air, its consequences, measures to prevent pollution.
Find ways to use recycled waste material.
Develop an ecological culture.
The motto of the team "Young environmentalists":
"The village is our home, don't litter it!"
3. Stages of project implementation
Stage 1 - preparatory
Stage objective: analysis of the situation; determination of its main goals: the formation of ecological consciousness, ecological culture, kindness and mercy as the basic qualities of a person.
1. Collecting literary sources, studying the experience of other educational institutions, drawing up a theoretical concept;
2. Drawing up a long-term plan of activities for the project "We are friends with nature, we do not need garbage!" on the formation of environmental education;
3. Systematization and design of didactic materials in accordance with the project plan;
Stage 2 - organizational
The task of the stage: creating an ecological environment in the group, attracting parents to the upcoming creative work in an innovative mode;
1. Conduct a block of environmental activities for children to study the properties and qualities of materials: glass, plastic, metal, paper, rubber.
2. To acquaint children with the problem of environmental pollution with household waste;
3. To form the skills of environmentally competent behavior of the younger generation. 4.Create a presentation: "Nature's Complainant Book";5. Develop a consultation and a newspaper for parents "Touch Nature with Your Heart"; 6. Preparing parents for work;
Stage 3 - practical activity
Stage objectives: formation of elementary environmental knowledge and ideas of children and parents, as well as the beginning of the basis of environmental education through the following forms of activity:
parent survey (Appendix 1)
observation and ecological excursions along the streets of the village, near the kindergarten;
presentation presentation, slide show;
cognitive reading;
children's activity "New life of unnecessary things"
laboratory (experiments and experiments);
the release of an ecological newspaper;
themed day "Magic ecology of the soul";
Environmental, mobile, didactic games; holding an exhibition "Miracles for people from unnecessary things"
Stage 4 - final
Stage objectives: generalization of experience and determination of the result of practical activities of teachers - round table "Our results".
4. Expected results
Direct participation of parents and children in the organization of various environmental events
Raising the level of knowledge among parents and children about the ecology of their hometown, region, nature protection
Improvement and decoration of a site in a kindergarten using "household waste"
Creation of wall newspapers, leaflets and photo albums during the project
Creation of a card index "Native nature"
Involvement of parents in their feasible participation in the environmental education of children
Awareness by children and adults of the importance of nature conservation, environmentally sound behavior in the environment, not to litter it.
5. APPENDIX
Appendix 1.
Questionnaire for parents.
1. What waste is accumulating the most in your household in a week?
2. Do you sort waste for recycling?
3. How do you dispose of waste (incineration, garbage cans, etc.)
4. Do you use junk material for your kids crafts and yard design?
5. Do you know why household waste is dangerous?
6. Do you conduct conversations with children about the dangers of household waste?
7. What do you do with waste after various walks in nature?
8. Do you use environmental literature in your family?
9. Do you involve children in cleaning the area near your home?
10. Do you teach children to clean up after themselves?
11. What information would you like to know about household waste?
12. Are you satisfied with the organization of household waste disposal in our village?
Your suggestions for waste disposal in our village.
Appendix 2.
Long-term project implementation plan« We are friends with nature, we don't need garbage!» Excursions along the streets of the village. 1. Acquaintance with the properties of paper. Experimental activity "Making new paper"2. Conversation "Help nature". Introducing children to the properties of plastic.Educator, children3. Green patrol "Clean kindergarten area". Familiarization of children with the properties of metal objects.Educator, children4. Presentation showing "Complaints Book of Nature". Familiarization of children with the properties of rubber.Educator, children5. Thematic day "Magic ecology of the soul". Ethe logical campaign “My clean yard”. Photo newspaper "It shouldn't be!"Parents, children, parents6. Introducing children to the properties of glass. Didactic games.Educator, children7. Experimental activity "Sorting the trash", "Trash in the ground", "How the wind blows the trash".Educator, children, parents8. GCD "Is garbage good or bad?"Educator, children9. Release of the ecological newspaper for parents "Touch nature with your heart"Educator, children10 GCD "It is better to litter now, wean children!" Making environmental signs by children.Educator, children11. Rules of conduct in nature. Release of the poster "Take care of nature!"Educator, children12. "New life of unnecessary things"- work in a creative workshop, making crafts from waste materialEducator, children, parents13. Excursion to nature to the spring "Shkolnik"Educator, children14. Opening of the exhibition "Miracles for people from unnecessary things". Ecological quiz "Nature around us" on the knowledge gained from children and parents.Educator, children, parents
Appendix 3.
1.Thematic games and observations.
Observation. For a few days, point out to the children that we throw out trash every day. Where does it go? Do children throw anything out of apartment houses? What do their parents do with the garbage? What is the handling of waste in kindergarten? Is it possible to see garbage in the vicinity of the kindergarten? Where does it come from there? Are there trash cans and waste bins near the garden?
While walking on an ecological trail or excursion, check for trash. In what places is it the most and why? Pay attention to the guys how beautiful the uncluttered areas are and how unpleasant it is to visit the places where people haven't cleaned up after themselves.
2. Familiarization with the properties of paper.
Goal: empirically set properties and quality of paper. Introduce children to the types of paper.
Consideration of different types of paper and its purpose (cardboard, tracing paper, corrugated, writing, wrapping, newspaper, drawing);
Investigation of the properties and qualities of paper (thin, thick, smooth, rough, opaque, translucent (tracing paper); crumpled, torn, wet, bent, burned);
D / and "Entering the image" (I am paper - a child's description of the type of paper and its purpose).Experience. "Making new paper".
1. Children tear the paper into small pieces and put it in a bowl of water.Cover the basin with oilcloth. Let the paper soak.
2. {!LANG-3a8df5fe5909afefeeee96d70ac7efc8!}
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Goal: {!LANG-11d3e5e203aadd888871beec1a926239!}
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Balloon experience
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Goal: {!LANG-0f6d91b301e14a4f4c9b4a91d7c6773e!}
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9. Games.
{!LANG-779c5c3e35b06980da8f00afdca5e536!}
{!LANG-9a51b8b852b9a70cc0a20d2bb2bdb5dc!}
{!LANG-890577e2a665f6ba2c0a2bd19587091f!}
2."Tell me about the subject"
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{!LANG-cf96da753451252097fb87d9239da603!}
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4."Guess the material"
{!LANG-76ddef3d82c1ef2f24f2571e51ab65e7!}
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7{!LANG-ab3e191e30843cd5631a8ec0eae5b339!}
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Equipment. Ball.
{!LANG-b629b1173aaf2eb4ffc5fea7811fb2a2!}