He belonged to those idealists pure water, which our time almost does not know. Actually, we already do not understand the peculiar and often anecdotal stories about such noblemen of the sixties as Saltykov-Shchedrin or my grandfather, about their attitude to Emperor Alexander II, about the collections of the Literary Fund, about Borel dinners, about good French and Russian, about studying youth of the late seventies. This entire epoch of Russian history has gone irrevocably, its pathos has been lost, and the very rhythm would seem to us extremely unhurried.
In his village Shakhmatovo (Klinsky district, Moscow province), my grandfather went out to the peasants' porch, shaking his handkerchief; absolutely for the same reason that I.S.Turgenev, talking with his serfs, embarrassedly chipped off pieces of paint from the entrance, promising to give everything that was asked, just to get off.
When meeting a familiar peasant, my grandfather took him by the shoulder and began his speech with the words: "Eh bien, mon petit ..." ["Well, dear ..." (French).].
Sometimes the conversation ended there. Favorite interlocutors were notorious swindlers and rogues that I remembered: old Jacob Fidele [Jacob Verny (French).], Who plundered half of our household utensils, and the robber Fyodor Kuranov (nicknamed Kuran), who, they say, had a murder in his soul; his face was always blue-purple - from vodka, and sometimes - in blood; he died in a "fist fight". Both were really smart people and very nice; I, like my grandfather, loved them, and they both felt sympathy for me until their death.
Once my grandfather, seeing that a man was carrying a birch tree from the forest on his shoulder, said to him: "You are tired, let me help you." At the same time, it did not even occur to him that the obvious fact that the birch tree was cut down in our forest. My own memories of my grandfather are very good; we wandered for hours with him through meadows, swamps and wilds; sometimes they made tens of miles, lost in the forest; dug up grasses and grains from the roots for a botanical collection; at the same time he named the plants and, identifying them, taught me the beginnings of botany, so that I still remember many botanical names. I remember how we rejoiced when we found a special early pear-tree flower, a species not known to the Moscow flora, and the smallest undersized fern; I still look for this fern every year on that very mountain, but I never find it - obviously, it was sown by accident and then degenerated.
All this refers to the dead times that came after the events of March 1, 1881. My grandfather continued to teach a botany course at St. Petersburg University until his illness; in the summer of 1897 he was paralyzed, he lived for another five years without a tongue, he was taken in a chair. He died on July 1, 1902 at Shakhmatovo. They brought him to St. Petersburg to bury him; Among those who met the body at the station was Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev.
Dmitry Ivanovich played a very important role in the Beketov family. Both my grandfather and my grandmother were friends with him. Mendeleev and my grandfather, shortly after the liberation of the peasants, traveled together to the Moscow province and bought two estates in the Klinsky district - next door: Mendeleevskoe Boblovo lies seven miles from Shakhmatovo, I was there as a child, and in my youth began to be there often. The eldest daughter of Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev from his second marriage - Lyubov Dmitrievna - became my bride. In 1903 we married her in the church of the village of Tarakanova, which is located between Shakhmatov and Boblov.
Grandfather's wife, my grandmother, Elizaveta Grigorievna, is the daughter of a famous traveler and explorer Central Asia, Grigory Silych Korelin. All her life she worked on compilations and translations of scientific and works of art; the list of her works is enormous; in recent years, she has produced up to 200 printed sheets per year; she was very well-read and spoke several languages; her outlook was surprisingly lively and original, her style was figurative, her language was precise and bold, denouncing the Cossack breed. Some of her many translations are still the best.
Her translated poems were published in Sovremennik under the pseudonym EB, and in the English Poets by Gerbel, without a name. She has translated many works by Buckle, Bram, Darwin, Huxley, Moore (the poem "Lalla-Rook"), Beecher Stowe, Goldsmith, Stanley, Thackeray, Dickens, W. Scott, Bret Hart, Georges Zand, Balzac, W. Hugo, Flaubert, Maupassant, Rousseau, Lesage. This list of authors is far from complete. The wages were always negligible. Now these hundreds of thousands of volumes were sold in cheap editions, and a friend with antique prices knows how expensive even the so-called "144 volumes" (published by G. Panteleev), which contain many translations of Ye. G. Beketova and her daughters, are. A characteristic page in the history of Russian education.
My grandmother was less successful in the abstract and "refined", her language was too lapidary, there was a lot of everyday life in it. An unusually distinct character was combined in her with a clear thought, like summer country mornings, in which she sat down to work until the light. For many years I vaguely remember how I remember all the child's, her voice, the embroidery frame on which bright woolen flowers grow with extraordinary speed, colorful patchwork quilts sewn from scraps that no one needs and carefully collected - and in all this there is some irrevocable the health and joy that went with her from our family. She knew how to enjoy just the sun, just good weather, even in the very last years, when she was tormented by diseases and doctors, known and unknown, who performed painful and meaningless experiments on her. All this did not kill her indomitable vitality.
This vitality and vitality also penetrated literary tastes; for all the subtlety of artistic understanding, she said that "Goethe's secret adviser wrote the second part of Faust in order to surprise the thoughtful Germans." She also hated Tolstoy's moral sermons. All this blended with fiery romance, sometimes turning into old sentimentality. She loved music and poetry, wrote me half-joking poetry, in which, however, sometimes sad notes sounded:
So, staying awake in the hours of the night
And loving a young grandson,
Old woman-grandmother not for the first time
I composed stanzas for you.
She skillfully read aloud the scenes of Sleptsov and Ostrovsky, the colorful stories of Chekhov. One of her last works was the translation of two stories by Chekhov into French (for "Revue des deux Mondes"). Chekhov sent her a nice note of thanks.
Unfortunately, my grandmother never wrote her memoirs. I have only a short outline of her notes; she knew personally many of our writers, met with Gogol, the Dostoevsky brothers, Ap. Grigoriev, Tolstoy, Polonsky, Maikov. I cherish the copy of the English novel that FM Dostoevsky personally gave her for translation. This translation was published in Vremya.
My grandmother died exactly three months after my grandfather - on October 1, 1902. From their grandfathers, they inherited a love of literature and an unsullied understanding of its high value, their daughter - my mother and her two sisters. All three translated from foreign languages... The eldest, Ekaterina Andreevna (married to Krasnova), was famous. She owns two independent books, "Stories" and "Poems", published after her death (May 4, 1892) (the last book was awarded an honorary review by the Academy of Sciences). Her original story "Not Fate" was published in the "Bulletin of Europe". She translated from French (Montesquieu, Bernardin de Saint-Pierre), Spanish (Espronsseda, Baker, Perez Galdos, an article about Pardo Basan), reworked English stories for children (Stevenson, Haggart; published by Suvorin in the "Cheap Library").
My mother, Alexandra Andreevna (after her second husband - Kublitskaya-Piottukh), translated and translates from French - in poetry and prose (Balzac, V. Hugo, Flaubert, Zola, Musset, Erkman-Shatrian, Dode, Bodeler, Verlaine, Rishpin). In her youth, she wrote poetry, but printed - only for children.
Maria Andreevna Beketova translated and translates from Polish (Senkevich and many others), German (Hoffmann), French (Balzac, Musset). She owns popular adaptations (Jules Verne, Silvio Pellico), biographies (Andersen), monographs for the people (Holland, History of England, etc.). Musset's Carmozina was not so long ago presented at the workers' theater in her translation.
Literature played a small role in my father's family. My grandfather is a Lutheran, a descendant of the physician Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a native of Mecklenburg (the progenitor, Life Surgeon Ivan Blok, was elevated to the Russian nobility under Paul I). My grandfather was married to a daughter novgorod Governor - Ariadne Alexandrovna Cherkasova.
My father, Alexander Lvovich Blok, was a professor at Warsaw University in the department state law; he died on December 1, 1909. Special scholarship by no means exhausts his activities, as well as his aspirations, maybe less scientific than artistic. His fate is full of complex contradictions, rather unusual and gloomy. In his entire life, he published only two small books (not counting the lithographed lectures) and for the last twenty years he worked on an essay on the classification of sciences. An outstanding musician, a connoisseur of fine literature and a delicate stylist, my father considered himself a student of Flaubert. The latter was the main reason that he wrote so little and did not complete the main work of his life: he could not fit his incessantly developing ideas into those condensed forms that he was looking for; in this search for compressed forms there was something convulsive and terrible, as in his entire mental and physical appearance. I met him a little, but I remember him deeply.
My childhood was spent in my mother's family. It was here that the word was loved and understood; the family was dominated, in general, by the old concepts of literary values \u200b\u200band ideals. Speaking vulgarly, in Verlain's way, eloquence [eloquence (French).] Prevailed here; my mother alone was characterized by constant rebellion and anxiety about the new, and my aspirations for musique [music - French] found support from her. However, no one in the family ever persecuted me, everyone only loved and pampered me. But for the sweet old eleoquense I owe to the grave that literature for me began not with Verlaine and not with decadence in general. Zhukovsky was my first inspiration. From early childhood, I remember the lyrical waves constantly running over me, barely associated with someone else's name. Do I remember the name of Polonsky and the first impression of his stanzas:
I dream: I am fresh and young,
I'm in love. Dreams are boiling.
Luxurious cold from dawn
Penetrates the garden.
Life experiences "were not long. I vaguely remember the large Petersburg apartments with a mass of people, with a nanny, toys and Christmas trees - and the fragrant wilderness of our little estate. Only about 15 years old the first definite dreams of love were born, and next to it - bouts of despair and irony, who found an outcome many years later - in my first dramatic experience "Balaganchik", lyrical scenes). I began to "compose" almost from the age of 5. Much later my cousins \u200b\u200band second cousins \u200b\u200band I founded the journal "Vestnik", in one copy ; there I was an editor and contributor for three years.
Serious writing began when I was about 18 years old. For three or four years I showed my writings only to my mother and aunt. All of these were lyric poems, and by the time my first book, "Poems about the Beautiful Lady," was published, they had accumulated up to 800, not counting adolescents. Only about 100 of them were included in the book. After that I printed and still publish some of the old in magazines and newspapers.
Family traditions and my closed life contributed to the fact that I did not know a single line of the so-called "new poetry" until the first years of the university. Here, in connection with acute mystical and romantic experiences, the poetry of Vladimir Solovyov took possession of my whole being. Until now the mysticism that the air was saturated with recent years the old and the first years of the new century, was incomprehensible to me; I was worried about the signs that I saw in nature, but I considered all this "subjective" and carefully guarded from everyone. Outwardly, I was then preparing to become an actor, with rapture I recited Maykov, Fet, Polonsky, Apukhtin, played at amateur performances, in the house of my future bride, Hamlet, Chatsky, the Covetous Knight and ... vaudeville. The sober and healthy people who surrounded me then seemed to have saved me then from the infection of mystical charlatanism, which a few years later became fashionable in some literary circles. Fortunately and unfortunately together, this "fashion" came, as always, just when everything was internally determined; when the elements raging underground poured out, there was a crowd of lovers of easy mystical profit.
Subsequently, I also paid tribute to this new blasphemous "trend"; but all this is already beyond the "autobiography". Those interested can be referred to my poems and to the article "About current state Russian Symbolism "(Apollo magazine, 1910). Now I will go back.
Out of complete ignorance and inability to communicate with the world, an anecdote happened to me, which I remember with pleasure and gratitude: once on a rainy autumn day (if I’m not mistaken, 1900) I went with poetry to an old friend of our family, Viktor Petrovich Ostrogorsky , now deceased. He then edited "God's World". Without saying who sent me to him, I excitedly gave him two small poems, inspired by Sirin, Alkonost and Gamayun V. Vasnetsov. Having run through the verses, he said: "Shame on you, young man, to do this when God knows what is happening at the university!" - and sent me out with ferocious good nature. It was a shame then, but now it’s more pleasant to remember it than many later praises.
After this incident, I did not go anywhere for a long time, until in 1902 I was sent to V. Nikolsky, who was then editing a student collection with Repin. A year after that I began to publish "seriously". The first who drew attention to my poems from the outside were Mikhail Sergeevich and Olga Mikhailovna Solovyovs (my mother's cousin). My first pieces appeared in 1903 in the New Way magazine and, almost simultaneously, in the Northern Flowers almanac.
For seventeen years of my life I have lived in the barracks of the Life Guards. Grenadier regiment (when I was nine years old, my mother married a second time, to F.F.Kublitsky-Piottukh, who served in the regiment). After graduating from the course in St. Petersburg. Vvedenskaya (now Emperor Peter the Great) gymnasium, I entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University quite unconsciously, and only having passed to the third year, I realized that I was completely alien to legal science. In 1901, an extremely important year for me and deciding my fate, I transferred to the Faculty of Philology, the course of which I took, passing state exam in the spring of 1906 (according to the Slavic-Russian branch).
The university did not play a particularly important role in my life, but higher education gave, in any case, some mental discipline and well-known skills that help me a lot in literary history, and in my own critical experiences, and even in artistic work (materials for the drama "Rose and Cross"). Over the years, I appreciate more and more what the university has given me in the person of my esteemed professors - A.I.Sobolevsky, I.A.Shlyapkin, S.F. Platonov, A.I. Vvedensky and F.F.Zelinsky. If I manage to collect a book of my works and articles, which are scattered in considerable quantities in different publications, but need a strong revision, then I will be obliged to the university for a share of the scientific nature that is contained in them.
In fact, it was only after finishing the "university" course that my "independent" life began. Continuing to write lyric poems, which all, since 1897, can be regarded as a diary, it was in the year of graduation from the university that I wrote my first plays in dramatic form; The main topics of my articles (except for purely literary ones) were and remain topics about the "intelligentsia and the people", about the theater and about Russian symbolism (not in the sense literary school only).
Each year of my adult life is sharply colored for me by its own special color. Of the events, phenomena and trends that especially strongly influenced me in one way or another, I must mention: a meeting with Vl. Soloviev, whom I saw only from afar; acquaintance with M. S. and O. M. Soloviev, 3. N. and D. S. Merezhkovsky and A. Bely; the events of 1904 - 1905; acquaintance with the theatrical environment, which began in the theater of the late V. F. Komissarzhevskaya; the extreme decline in literary morals and the beginning of "factory" literature associated with the events of 1905; acquaintance with the works of the late August Strindberg (originally - through the poet Vladimir Piast); three foreign travels: I was in Italy - northern (Venice, Ravenna, Milan) and middle (Florence, Pisa, Perugia and many other cities and towns of Umbria), in France (in the north of Brittany, in the Pyrenees - in the vicinity of Biarritz; several times lived in Paris), Belgium and Holland; besides, for some reason, every six years of my life, I was forced to return to Bad Nauheim (Hessen-Nassau), with which I have special memories.
This spring (1915) I would have to return there for the fourth time; but the general and higher mysticism of the war intervened in the personal and lower mysticism of my journeys to Bad Nauheim.
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Biography, life story of Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
The poet Blok was born in St. Petersburg in 1880 on November 16, he was the son of a law professor. Blok's mother divorced her husband immediately after the birth of the boy. The child was brought up in the family of his grandfather, who was the rector of St. Petersburg University, Beketov. Beketov Alexander Nikolaevich was a botanist by education. The mother married a second time, the family settled in the Grenadier Barracks, as the stepfather was a guard officer. His last name was Kublitsky-Piottukh. Blok successfully graduated from high school and entered St. Petersburg University to study at the Faculty of Law. He soon realized that his interests were far from legal science and transferred to the Faculty of Philology, to the Slavic-Russian department. Alexander managed to study law for three years before becoming interested in philosophy and poetry.
The acquaintance with his future wife took place within the walls of the university, she was the daughter of the famous Mendeleev, a chemical scientist. The young couple got married in 1903. Blok was in love with his wife. It was a feeling of rare strength, which is not given to everyone. Blok's first love also left a deep imprint on his soul and poetry. The poet experienced his first love back in high school years in a resort in Baden-Baden, where the family rested in 1897. By 1901, the poet had already written many poems, it was poetry about love, poems about nature. Blok's poetry was built on the idealistic ideas of Plato's philosophy, it was full of vague premonitions, hints and allegories. An unreal world of higher ideas was present in poetry, it was something sublime.
The relationship with his wife was contradictory and very difficult, since there was almost no physical intimacy between them. At this time, Blok became close to the Symbolists. There were two circles of Symbolists - St. Petersburg and Moscow. In the first, Zinaida Gippius and Merezhkovsky reigned, in the second, in Moscow, Bryusov was the main figure. Alexander became close to the Moscow circle of Vl. Solovyov, among them Andrey Bely stood out. Bely was then an aspiring prose writer and poet, theoretician and connoisseur of new literature and new art. Andrey Bely's group greeted Blok's poems with delight. The publishing house of the Symbolists published a book "Poems about the Beautiful Lady". Blok's wife became the subject of love for Andrei Bely, but he was rejected. However, family relations became even more tense.
CONTINUED BELOW
The bloc began to gradually move away from the Symbolists back in 1905-1907, during the revolution. He turned to civic themes, at which time he wrote a drama for the Meyerhold Theater called "Balaganchik". During the war and revolution, Blok wrote many works in which he tried to comprehend the historical path of Russia from the point of view of the outlook of symbolism. Gradually, catastrophic motives began to grow in his work, he realized that the artistic language of the Symbolists was alien to him. Blok accepted the revolution as an element of purification, but no one understood or accepted his images. Blok became a professional writer around the years 1906-1908, when books began to appear one after another, but from that time on, a discord with symbolism was determined. He finally embarked on his own path in literature, drawing conclusions from his thoughts and doubts.
In Blok's life there was more than one woman who influenced his poetry. Each period of his biography became poetry. The history of the appearance of the cycle "Carmen" is associated with the feeling for Love Alexandrovna Delmas. Delmas was her stage name, after her mother's surname. Her real name was Tishinskaya. She was a famous singer who graduated from the Petersburg Conservatory. She sang romances to the words of Blok at the Tenishevsky School, when everyone noticed that Blok and Delmas were amazingly suited to each other. Their feeling was "scary serious". She was a dazzling woman, but was she beautiful? Blok had a peculiar idea of \u200b\u200bfemale beauty, in fact, it was no longer a young, overweight woman. The cycles "Carmen", "Harp and Violin", "Gray Morning", the poem "The Nightingale's Garden", which Blok completed in 1915, were dedicated to her.
Having made interesting travels abroad, Blok published a cycle of the best poems in Russian poetry about Italy and many other wonderful works.
In the summer of 1916, Blok was drafted into the army, where he found information about the February 1917 revolution. When the poet returned to Petrograd, he began to take part in the investigation of the crimes of the tsarist regime in the composition Extraordinary Commission... His book on these investigations was published posthumously. The last short creative upsurge took place in 1918, when the poems "The Twelve" and "Scythians" were published. Nobody accepted and understood the image of Christ; the poem was perceived in very different ways. The revolutionaries were more lenient, but the opponents of the revolution declared a real boycott to the poet.
In 1919, Blok was accused of an anti-Soviet conspiracy. He was interrogated for a long time, but Lunacharsky stood up. The poet was released, he began to try to cooperate with the authorities. Soon, Blok felt the onset of a creative crisis, he realized that places in new literature he won't. Him physical state worsened greatly, he was on the verge of exhaustion, on the verge of life and death. He refused to recent times from creativity and died of inflammation of the heart valves on August 7, 1921.
He is rightfully considered one of the famous poets, classics of Russian literature. He lived in an interesting time full of historical events. The life of this man was full of interesting events, vivid impressions, which was reflected in his work. Let's take a closer look at this extraordinary personality, a true representative of the Russian intelligentsia and one of the best writers of his time.
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok was born in 1880, on November 16 in the capital Russian Empire St. Petersburg. The family of the future poet was from the old Russian intelligentsia - his father was a professor, his mother was a translator. The parents' marriage broke up even before the birth of their son, and Alexander was brought up by his grandfather A. Beketov (he was the rector of the university). Therefore, most of Blok's childhood memories are associated precisely with their family estate in Shakhmatovo, where the boy spent annually summer vacation... Alexander's passion for literature manifested itself in early childhood, when at the age of five he began to compose his first poems.
After the divorce, Blok's mother remarried in 1889. (a guard officer became her chosen one). In the same year, Alexander was assigned to study at the gymnasium. After graduation in 1898. the young man entered the university with the firm conviction of becoming a lawyer. But after studying for three years, he realized that jurisprudence was definitely not for him. Therefore, the young man chose a different path and transferred to the Faculty of History and Philology, which he successfully graduated in 1906.
While still a student, in 1900. the future poet gets acquainted with the well-known symbolists at that time D. Merezhkovsky, Z. Gippius, A. Bely, V. Bryusov. At the same time, the poetic talent of the young man flourishes. In 1903. In the life of Blok, a significant event took place - a marriage with Lyubov Mendeleeva, daughter of the famous Russian chemist D. Mendeleev. And already in 1904. the book "Poems about a beautiful lady" was published.
Happened in 1905. the revolution played a significant role in the formation of the poet's new worldview. The nature of the poet's work is also changing. The romantic beautiful lady is replaced by a rebellious stranger. At this time, Blok's writings are imbued with motives of rebellion, images of unbridled elements, blizzards take a central place in his poems. In 1907. The block publishes his collections of poems "Snow Mask", "Unexpected Joy", "Earth in the Snow". In 1908. the poet turns to the theater and writes the dramas "Stranger", "Balaganchik" and others. He becomes famous, becomes a successful writer.
In the spring of 1909. A. Blok together with his wife goes on vacation abroad. They traveled to Italy, visited Germany. The time of this interesting journey for the poet becomes a kind of stage in the reassessment of values. As a result of the trip, the collection "Italian Poems" was published. At the end of 1909. Alexander receives an inheritance from his father, which allowed the poet to temporarily not think about literary earnings and concentrate on working on major works. 1911 marked by the publication of the collection "Night hours". And in 1912-13. the play "The Rose and the Cross" was written.
In July 1916. the poet was drafted into the army. In 1917, after the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd, and worked as a member of an investigative commission that investigated the crimes of tsarism. The results of this work are reflected in the documentary collection “ The last days imperial power ". And already the next October revolution of 1917. caused a new rise in Blok's creativity. He wrote the famous poems "Scythians", "Twelve".
But at the same time, the writer sees a discrepancy between his ideas about a new life and the impending totalitarian regime, where there is no place for the freedom of the artist. All this introduces the poet into a state of depression, he has a heart disease. Blok's request to travel abroad for medical treatment was rejected by the new government. And in 1921, on August 7, the poet died.
(1880- 1921)
The great Russian poet, critic, playwright Alexander Blok was born on November 28, 1880 in St. Petersburg in a family of intellectuals, whose representatives have served science and literature for centuries. Lawyer Alexander Lvovich, father of Alexander Blok, professor at Warsaw University, was fond of writing poetry. Alexandra Andreevna, Sasha's mother, was the daughter of the rector of St. Petersburg University, Beketov A.N. The relationship between the parents did not work out, they divorced, as soon as the son reached the age of three. From that time on, the parents of his father were engaged in raising Sasha. The "light" of the Petersburg intelligentsia gathered in their house. Rotating in this environment, the poet's worldview was formed. The biography of Alexander Blok, as a poet, begins at the age of five, then he wrote his first poems.
Blok's mother married a second time in 1889 to a Guards officer. Since that time, Sasha lived with his mother and stepfather F. Kublitsky-Piottukh in the Grenadier Barracks on the outskirts of St. Petersburg and began to study at the gymnasium.
The deepest trace in the work of Blok was left by a tremulous youthful love, which he experienced in 1897 when he was with his mother on vacation in Bad Nauheim (a resort town in Germany).
In 1898 A. Blok graduated from high school, entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. Three years later, Blok's biography is turning - he is finally convinced that he will not be engaged in jurisprudence. Then he transferred to the Faculty of History and Philosophy, in 1906 he graduated from the university.
Alexander had known his wife Lyubov, the daughter of the great chemist D.I. Mendeleev, since childhood. They got married in 1903. Alexander dedicated his first book "Poems about the Beautiful Lady" to her.
The years 1906-1907 are turning points in the biography of Alexander Blok, a rethinking of values \u200b\u200bis taking place. Blok began to engage in drama. Then the dramas "The Stranger", "Balaganchik", "The King in the Square" were written.
In 1907 he published a collection of poems "Snow Mask", in 1908 "City". During these years A. Blok worked in the magazine "Golden Fleece" as the editor of the criticism department, was one of the leaders of the Symbolist school. The first collection of poems in three volumes was published in 1912.
Blok's biography is closely connected with the February and October revolutions. He did not leave for emigration; he considered it his duty to be with Russia in difficult times. Hoped for a change, for new government had high hopes. Since May 1917, he was the editor of the Provisional Government's commission to investigate the unlawful actions of senior officials of the tsarist government. From autumn 1917 to 1920 he worked in various positions, was engaged in public work. Over time, the actions of the Bolshevik government went against their promises, the Blok's despair knew no bounds. But he believed that the role of Russia is unique in the history of the world. The works "Scythians" and "Homeland" are confirmation of this.
The poet's later poems are permeated with a mixture of despair and hopes regarding the fate of Russia. In Retribution, an unfinished poem, the poet's loss of illusions about the Bolshevik regime is traced. The last poem "The Twelve" is a mysterious and controversial work, written in 1920. Material difficulties, family problems, depression - this was beyond the power of the poet's sick heart. Alexander Blok fell seriously ill in April and died on August 7, 1921. Blok's work is known all over the world, his works have been translated into many languages. Alexander Blok is the pride of Russia.
Blok's biography is the story of the life of the great poet, whose work had a huge impact on Russian and world literature... Alexander was born into a noble family on November 28, 1880. His father was a lawyer, his mother was the daughter of the rector of a university in St. Petersburg. His parents' marriage broke up even before he was born. The first years of his life he was brought up in the family of his paternal grandfather.
Blok's biography contains many interesting facts. It is known that little Sasha wrote his first poem at the age of 5. It was filled with a special poetry, which in the future was constantly present in his serious work began at the age of 17.
After graduating from high school in 1898, Alexander entered the St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of Law. His choice was made quite unconsciously, but over time, the creative principle prevailed, and after 3 years, he transferred to the Faculty of History and Philology, which had a Slavic-Russian department. Graduated from Alexander University in 1906.
1901 was important in the life of the poet, when he met the poet A. Bely, who influenced the formation of his creative views. Later, these friendships brought many disappointments.
On August 17, 1903, the poet married L. Mendeleeva, the daughter of the greatest Mendeleev DI. There was practically no spiritual intimacy in the relationship of this couple, which led to a long-term conflict. A. Bely intervened in them, being carried away by the poet's wife and creating a situation that almost turned into a duel.
The year 1903 is also significant and the release of the first collection of poetry, which reflected the love experiences of the first happy months of married life. During this period, A. Blok's work was greatly influenced by A. Pushkin and Vl Soloviev.
The biography of Alexander Blok cannot be viewed in isolation from his work, since it is this that reflects the main events of his life. The first collection of poems was published in 1904, it was called "Poems about a beautiful lady." Here the author expresses his ideas about idealism and divine wisdom. The poetry collections "The City" and "The Snow Mask" reflect a religious theme that also worried the poet.
In 1909 Alexander traveled to Germany and Italy, as a result of which Poems about Italy appeared, recognized as the best in Russian poetry.
The block was called on military service in 1916. Then he returned to Petrograd after In 1917, Alexander participates in the work of the Cheka to investigate crimes committed under the tsarist regime. His book, published posthumously in 1921, "The Last Days of the Imperial Power", tells about this.
short biography Blok contains many facts testifying to the subtlety of his nature, which was felt in everything. Even his aspirations about the fate of the Motherland are permeated with trepidation and tenderness. The poet expressed great fears about the future of Russia. The poet's illusions associated with the Bolshevik regime eventually collapsed. Initially, he accepted the 1917 revolution with optimism, refusing to emigrate, as we know from the biography of Blok.
However, later Alexander became disillusioned with the actions of the Bolsheviks, since they went against the ideas of the poet and their promises. The unfinished work "Retribution" describes the political position of the poet, which he adhered to during the years of the revolution. It fully reflects the despair of their own delusions.
Nevertheless, he still had faith in the invincibility of Russia, which was to play an exceptional role for all mankind. This is confirmed by the biography of A. Blok and his works "Scythians" and "Homeland". Using gypsy folklore to convey his feelings in the work of "Scythians", the poet reflected in full the intensity of human passions.
The short biography of Blok, unfortunately, does not contain all the events of his life, but allows us to get acquainted with the most significant of them and with his the best works... One of them is the controversial and mysterious 1920 poem "The Twelve". Here the author uses a rather rigid narrative language to make it easier for the reader to imagine the events described.
I would like to note that Blok also left a noticeable mark in the history of Russian theater, and his translations are noted for their high artistry and closeness to the originals.
07.08 in the morning in St. Petersburg in 1921 after a serious illness. He left behind him a huge legacy in the form of immortal works.