The relationship between quantum physics and brain functions. How Mind Controls Matter

Jerry's Quantum Leap: It's easy to take a small step from where we are and just do a little more than we do, be ourselves a little more, and have a little more than we have now. What about what can be called a "quantum leap", that is, to achieve something,

Chapter 1 Quantum Man In early physical concepts, the world was divided into matter and thought, later - into matter and energy. It was believed that these two elements are completely independent of each other, but in reality they are not! Nevertheless, man's previous ideas about the world

Quantum Leap The result of purification is the realization that everything happens "in our palms." The method that helps to assert this is called the quantum leap in the game. And it is based on the natural gullibility of the space looking in us.

The brain is chemical and the brain is electrical. Many molecules that bind to the BMI receptors reach the membranes from the blood, cerebrospinal and intercellular fluid, where they are released by other cells. These substances have different names: hormones, steroids,

Quantum Leap 589 \u003d Man carries the creative energy of God - Love \u003d 592 \u003d Great Spiritual Awakening - Sign of Cosmic Cycles \u003d “Numerical codes”. Book 2. Kryon Hierarchy 27 01.2012 "Space Time - Time Space ..." - words when waking up. I Am That I

Quantum transition. Darkness and Light The Earth came to a state when the shell of separation was thinned, and it became possible to connect with the source directly, without all kinds of intermediaries in the form of prophets, channelers, etc. The gates are open. And now the Spirit walks here and there freely. Not

Quantum physics has radically changed our understanding of the world. According to quantum physics, we can influence the process of rejuvenation with our consciousness!

Why is this possible?From the point of view of quantum physics, our reality is a source of pure potential possibilities, a source of raw materials that make up our body, our mind and the entire Universe. The universal energy and information field never stops changing and transforming, every second turning into something new.

In the 20th century, during physical experiments with subatomic particles and photons, it was discovered that the fact of observing the course of an experiment changes its results. What we focus our attention on can react.

This fact is confirmed by a classic experiment that surprises scientists every time. It was repeated in many laboratories and the results were always the same.

For this experiment, a light source and a screen with two slits were prepared. As a light source, a device was used that "fired" photons in the form of single pulses.

The course of the experiment was monitored. After the end of the experiment, two vertical stripes were visible on the photographic paper behind the slits. These are traces of photons that passed through the slits and illuminated the photographic paper.

When this experiment was repeated in automatic mode, without human intervention, the picture on the photo paper changed:

If the researcher turned on the device and left, and after 20 minutes the photographic paper appeared, then not two, but many vertical stripes were found on it. These were traces of radiation. But the drawing was different.

The structure of the trail on photographic paper resembled the trail of a wave that passed through slits. Light can manifest the properties of a wave or a particle.

As a result of the simple fact of observation, the wave disappears and turns into particles. If you do not observe, then a wave trace appears on the photographic paper. This physical phenomenon is called the "Observer Effect".

The same results were obtained with other particles. The experiments were repeated many times, but each time they surprised scientists. So it was discovered that at the quantum level, matter reacts to human attention. This was new to physics.

According to views modern physics everything materializes out of emptiness. This emptiness is called "quantum field", "zero field" or "matrix". Emptiness contains energy that can be converted into matter.

Matter is composed of concentrated energy - this is a fundamental discovery of physics in the 20th century.

There are no solid parts in an atom. Objects are made of atoms. But why are objects solid? A finger on a brick wall does not go through it. Why? This is due to differences in the frequency characteristics of atoms and electrical charges. Each type of atom has its own vibration frequency. This defines the differences physical properties items. If it were possible to change the vibration frequency of the atoms that make up the body, then a person could pass through walls. But the vibrational frequencies of the atoms of the hand and the atoms of the wall are close. Therefore, the finger rests against the wall.

Frequency resonance is required for any kind of interaction.

This is easy to understand with a simple example. If you illuminate a stone wall with the light of a flashlight, the light will be blocked by the wall. However, radiation from a mobile phone will easily pass through this wall. It's all about the frequency differences between the radiation of a flashlight and a mobile phone. While you are reading this text, streams of various kinds of radiation pass through your body. This is cosmic radiation, radio signals, signals from millions of mobile phones, radiation from the earth, solar radiation, radiation from household appliances, etc.

You do not feel this, because you can see only light and hear only sound. Even if you sit in silence with your eyes closed, millions of phone calls, pictures of television news and radio messages pass through your head. You do not perceive this, since there is no resonance of frequencies between the atoms that make up your body and radiation. But if there is a resonance, then you immediately react. For example, when you think of a loved one who just thought of you. Everything in the universe obeys the laws of resonance.

The world is made up of energy and information.Einstein, after long reflections on the structure of the world, said: "The only reality in the universe is the field." Just as waves are the creation of the sea, all manifestations of matter: organisms, planets, stars, galaxies are creations of the field.

The question arises, how is matter created from the field? What force controls the movement of matter?

Research by scientists led them to an unexpected answer. The creator of quantum physics Max Planck during his speech upon receiving Nobel Prize uttered the following:

“Everything in the Universe is created and exists thanks to power. We must assume that behind this force is the conscious mind, which is the matrix of all matter. "

MATTER IS RULED BY CONSCIOUSNESS

At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, new ideas appeared in theoretical physics that allow explaining strange properties elementary particles... Particles can arise from the void and suddenly disappear. Scientists admit the possibility of the existence of parallel universes.Perhaps the particles move from one layer of the universe to another. Celebrities such as Stephen Hawking, Edward Witten, Juan Maldacena, Leonard Susskind are involved in the development of these ideas.

According to the concepts of theoretical physics, the Universe resembles a nesting doll, which consists of many nesting dolls - layers. These are variants of universes - parallel Worlds... Those that are located nearby are very similar. But the further the layers are from each other, the less similarity between them. Theoretically, in order to move from one universe to another, it is not required spaceships... All possible options are located one in the other. For the first time these ideas were expressed by scientists in the middle of the 20th century. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, they received mathematical confirmation. Today, such information is easily accepted by the public. However, a couple of hundred years ago, for such statements, they could be burned at the stake or declared insane.

Everything arises from emptiness. Everything is in motion. Items are an illusion. Matter is made of energy. Everything is created by thought. These discoveries of quantum physics contain nothing new. All this was known to the ancient sages. In many mystical teachings, which were considered secret and were available only to initiates, it was said that there is no difference between thoughts and objects.Everything in the world is filled with energy. The universe reacts to thought. Energy follows attention.

What you focus your attention on begins to change. These thoughts are given in various formulations in the Bible, ancient Gnostic texts, in mystical teachings that originated in India and South America. The builders of the ancient pyramids guessed about this. This knowledge is the key to the new technologies that are being used today to drive reality.

Our body is a field of energy, information and mind, which is in a state of constant dynamic exchange with the environment. The impulses of the mind constantly, every second, give the body new forms to adapt to the changing demands of life.

From the point of view of quantum physics, our physical body, under the influence of our mind, is able to make a quantum leap from one biological age to another, without passing through all intermediate ages. published

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption - together we are changing the world! © econet

(USA) for a long time presented the theory that our consciousness is the essence of a quantum computer. Only not those experimental installations that sometimes help in solving individual Google problems, but full-fledged "strong" versions of quantum computers, the creation of which mankind is only dreaming of:

According to the named scientists, our brain uses several of the most useful features of quantum-mechanical processes - for example, the ability of one particle to be in two places at once.

In mid-June, Messrs. Penrose and Hameroff presented similar ideas once again, this time at the Global Future 2045 International Congress in New York, USA.

One of their main arguments looks relatively convincing. The widely known clearly shows: formal arithmetic is fundamentally limited. Moreover, any formal system in which one can define integers, 0, 1, etc. are basic concepts of the same series. Gödel's first theorem concludes: if formal arithmetic is consistent, then there is an irreducible and irrefutable formula in it, and the second postulates the following: if formal arithmetic is consistent, then some formula is inconclusive in it that substantively asserts the consistency of this arithmetic. This has important implications for calculations performed with conventional computers and based on the same concepts as formal arithmetic. However, Penrose notes, in practice, human mathematicians are able to prove that, according to Gödel's theorem, they should not solve computer-type systems.

The physicist's conclusion is simple: it directly points to the construction of the human brain on principles far removed from those used in computers. And since we do not know other principles of computation, besides the classical ones - embedded in ordinary computers, and quantum - presumably embedded in D-Wave quantum computers, the following thought suggests itself: our brain bases its calculations on quantum mechanics.

What's good about this theory? Its main advantage is that no specialist in the human brain has yet proposed a single satisfactory explanation of consciousness - a state in which the subject is conscious of himself and is able to think. Clearly, against this meager theoretical background, Mr. Penrose's idea seems at least a theory worth considering.

And here we come to what this concept is bad. Indeed, why is this line of thought considered marginal, although Roger Penrose himself is undoubtedly an outstanding physicist? It's simple: he does not explain, without being a "brain specialist", which specific mechanisms are responsible for quantum computing in the real human brain. Stuart Hamerroff, after becoming acquainted with the theory, suggested that the possibility of brain quantum computing could be provided by small fibrous structures known as microtubules, which are included in the cytoskeleton of cells (including axons).

Microtubules are made up of units of a protein known as tubulin. In certain regions of this protein, electrons begin to "circle" very close to each other. According to Hameroff's assumptions, at this point the electrons can become quantum entangled, after which, even in the case of spatial separation, the action that occurs with one of the electrons can affect the other. In this situation, the appearance and disappearance of quantum coherence may somehow be related to the dynamic instability of microtubules, which either polymerize or depolymerize, and they do it constantly, never being in one stable state.

In this case, microtubules in one neuron can be connected with similar objects in another neuron through gap junctions - a method of connecting cells using protein channels, connexons. The latter provide the electrical connection of two cells, as well as the transfer of small molecules between them.

Nevertheless, from the point of view of the physical mainstream, everything proposed by Mr. Hameroff regarding the implementation of quantum computing in our head is unscientific fiction. Our current quantum computers are extremely sensitive to noise. To minimize it, it is necessary to isolate the system and cool it to almost absolute zero, so that the heat does not generate vibrations of atoms and thus generate noises. This makes the picture of quantum computing in such a warm and humid place like the human brain unrealistic, the majority of physicists are sure. And don't even try to ask if they are sure that there are no quantum states. special conditionsin which they can remain coherent despite the noise generated by the heat. Their answer will be short: there is no experimental confirmation of such processes.

In principle, quantum states in the brain are still possible, but the main part of the scientific world believes that they exist there for too short a time to be able to perform any mental operations on this basis.

Another element of critical perception of Penrose's theory comes from brain research. Mr. Hameroff's model claims that microtubules provide us with quantum consciousness. But the fact is that microtubules did not come to animals from the Moon. And they are even found in plants that, as Bernard Baars, head of the Society for Brain Science, jokes, "are, as far as we know, devoid of consciousness." Here, however, it is worth recalling that relatively recently, that plants in the literal sense of the word live at the expense of quantum-mechanical processes ...

And yet, it is the doctors who are not quite hostile to the idea. "If someone does an experiment - one single experiment," says Bernard Baars, "then I will drop all my skepticism." Physicists, of course, are sharper, much like Rutherford in 1933, when assessing the prospects for obtaining energy from atomic fission. Remember?

I wonder if the situation with quantum consciousness will become clearer in the same way over the next 12 years?

Based on materials from LiveScience. Splash image courtesy of Shutterstock.

Alexander Berezin
June 28, 2013
"Compulenta"

Muravyov I.P.

The article discusses some aspects of the quantum-mechanical description of the psyche. The problem of connection between psyche and measurement in quantum mechanics is considered. The arguments of Roger Penrose about the presence of an uncomputable component in human thinking are discussed. The main topic of the article is a discussion of the shortcomings of his argumentation.

Ivanov E.M.

This paper will focus on the so-called "Gödel argument", which is used as an argument against the possibility of creating artificial intelligence. The essence of the argument is as follows: it is believed that the fundamental difference between artificial ("machine") intelligence and the human mind follows from the theorem of Kurt Gödel on the incompleteness of formal systems.

Peter Atkins

This book is intended for a wide range of readers who want to learn more about the world around us and about ourselves. The author, a well-known scientist and popularizer of science, with extraordinary clarity and depth explains the structure of the Universe, the secrets of the quantum world and genetics, the evolution of life and shows the importance of mathematics for understanding all of nature and the human mind in particular.

Konstantin Anokhin

Hamburg account

Is it correct to understand intelligence as a set of reflexes? How does the brain work algorithm? How do we make decisions? Alexander Zhdanov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Chief Researcher of JSC "Institute of Precise Mechanics and computing technology them. S. A. Lebedeva Of the Russian Academy Sciences ", professor of the Faculty of Radio Engineering and Cybernetics, MIPT.

Reason should be distinguished from other forms of consciousness - self-awareness, mind and spirit. Reason does not create new knowledge, but only systematizes what already exists. The distinction between reason and reason as two “abilities of the soul” is already outlined in ancient philosophy: if reason as lower form thinking cognizes the relative, earthly and finite, then the mind directs to comprehend the absolute, divine and infinite.

Our Universe is just one of the stages in a series of universes regularly generated by Big Bangs. This result of the work of scientists, which became known the other day, although it needs serious verification, demonstrates that the era of fundamental discoveries has not ended in science.

Sosinsky A. B.

Gödel's theorem, along with the discoveries of relativity, quantum mechanics, and DNA, is generally regarded as the largest scientific achievement XX century. Why? What is its essence? What is its meaning? Alexey Bronislavovich Sosinsky, mathematician, professor of the Independent University of Moscow, officer of the Order of the Academic Palms of the French Republic, laureate of the 2012 Government Prize in the field of education, discloses these issues in his lecture within the framework of the "Polit.ru" Public Lectures project. In particular, several different formulations of it were given, three approaches to its proof (Kolmogorov, Cheitin and Gödel himself) were described, and its significance for mathematics, physics, computer science and philosophy was explained.

At first glance, it would seem, what could be in common between the element base of a quantum computer and esotericism? It turns out that there is a direct connection - very interesting and unexpected, which we will talk about below.

Many have probably heard that the brain has a small organ - the pineal gland, or pineal gland. It is believed that this is the "Third Eye". The pineal gland has many names: The third eye, ajna chakra, the eye of eternity, the all-seeing eye, the Eye of Shiva, the eye of wisdom, the “seat of the soul” (Descartes), the “dreaming eye” (Schopenhauer), the pineal gland, etc. Even the “eye of the cyclops”, in my opinion, has a lot to do with it.

According to ancient beliefs and traditions, the Third Eye is a sign of the gods. He allowed them to contemplate the entire prehistory of the Universe, to see the future, to look freely into any corners of the universe. It is customary to depict Hindu and Buddhist deities with a third eye, located vertically above the level of the eyebrows. With the help of the Third Eye, the god of creation Vishnu penetrates the veils of time, and the god of destruction Shiva is able to destroy the worlds. The all-seeing eye gave the gods wonderful abilities: hypnosis and clairvoyance, telepathy and telekinesis, the ability to draw knowledge directly from the cosmic mind ...

Quite a few people devote their entire lives to regaining the once lost "divine" abilities. They consider opening the Third Eye as one of their primary tasks. This takes years and years of spiritual asceticism. And the most amazing thing is that these people really acquire paranormal psychic abilities.

It would seem that all these are myths and fairy tales, and all the supposed achievements of the ascetics are nothing more than glitches "Schizos". After all, we were taught for so long that, apart from matter (matter and physical fields), there is nothing in nature, and all these phenomena do not fit into the framework of the usual ideas about reality. But this is from the point of view of classical physics. And from the point of view of quantum theory? What if there is some rational grain behind it all? After all, it is no coincidence that for many millennia such an area of \u200b\u200bhuman knowledge as esotericism has been preserved and continues to exist. It is well known that any knowledge quickly disappears into oblivion if there are no objective processes behind it, and, on the contrary, only that which withstands the test of time remains. The mystical methods and practices of augmented perception of reality have passed, perhaps, the most stringent and longest test and still withstood it. But, if they cannot be explained in any way by classical physics, then perhaps the quantum theory will shed light on this question and, finally, will reveal to us what caused such unusual possibilities of a person upon opening his “Third Eye”.

First, let's try to figure out what is the pineal gland? Santi describes the pineal gland as follows *:

"Pineal gland ( corpus pineale) is a cone-shaped formation 6 mm long and 4 mm in diameter, attached to the roof of the third ventricle by a flattened leash ( habenula ). This gland is also called the pineal gland. The pineal gland is located at the bottom of the transverse groove of the brain, directly under the corpus callosum, between the upper mounds of the midbrain roof. It is tightly covered by the soft membrane of the brain. Habenula bifurcates, forming the dorsal and abdominal plates, separated by a pineal gap. The abdominal plate merges with the posterior commissure, while the dorsal plate continues behind the commissure, closely adjacent to the epithelium of the roof. At the point of attachment to the optic tubercle, the dorsal plate thickens, forming stria medullaris thalami (pineal gland strip). This thickening is a bundle of fibers of the fornix column and the middle band of the olfactory tract. There is a transverse adhesion between the brain stripes at the posterior end, commissura habenularum, in which the fibers of the stripes partially intersect, reaching the leash nucleus of the optic tubercle. The interior of the pineal gland consists of closed follicles surrounded by ingrowths of connective tissue. The follicles are filled with epithelial cells mixed with a calcareous substance - "brain sand" ( acervulus cerebri). Calcareous deposits are also found in the pineal gland leash and along the choroid plexuses.

The function of the pineal gland is unknown. Descartes believed that the pineal gland is the “seat of the spirit”. Reptiles have two pineal bodies, anterior and posterior; the posterior remains undeveloped, and the anterior forms a rudimentary cyclopean eye. In the New Zealand lizard, the tuatara, it protrudes from the parietal opening and has an imperfect lens and retina, and its long leash contains nerve fibers. The human epiphysis is probably homologous to the posterior pineal body of reptiles. "

* Santee H. Anatomy of the Brain and Spinal Cord. Cit. Quoted from: Manly P. Hall. Melchizedek and the Mystery of Fire. K .: Sofia, 2001.

Reading the description, you probably noticed that the pineal gland contains the smallest "sand", the role of which is practically unknown to modern science. Studies have shown that children up to about 7 years of age do not have this substance, in people with mental retardation, and in general in all those who suffer from one or another mental organization disorder. Occultists know that this sand is the key to the spiritual consciousness of a person. It serves as a link between mind and body.

H. P. Blavatsky wrote in The Secret Doctrine *: “ ... This sand cannot be neglected<...> only this sign of the internal, independent activity of the Pineal gland does not allow physiologists to classify it as an absolutely useless atrophied organ, a remnant of a previously existing and now completely changed anatomy of a person from a certain period of his unknown evolution. This "sand" is very mysterious and baffles the research of all materialists. " And she goes on to add: “With a few extremely rare exceptions, this 'sand' or golden colored calculus is not found in subjects until they turn 7 years old. Fools have very few calculi; they are completely absent in congenital idiots. Morgagni, Grading and Gum were the wise people of their generation and today they are too, since they are still the only physiologists who establish the connection of these calculi with the mind. For, summing up the facts that they are absent in small children, in the elderly and in idiots, the inevitable conclusion becomes that they must be associated with the mind. "

* Blavatsky E. P. Secret doctrine. T. 3. M .: Eksmo-Press; Kharkov: Folio, 2002.

About the epiphysis itself, H.P. Blavatsky says: “The pineal gland is what the Eastern occultists call Devaksha, the 'Divine Eye'. Until today, it is the main organ of spirituality in the human brain, the seat of genius, the magic Sesame, uttered by the purified will of the mystic, which opens all approaches to the truth to those who know how to use it.*.

* Ibid.

Helena I. Roerich in a letter to Doctor A. Aseev writes: “What is Ringse?<...> You, of course, know about that luminous substance, as it were, sand, observed on the surface of the pineal gland in a developed person and which is completely absent in children under the age of seven and inborn idiots, as well as in deep decrepitude. This sand is the mysterious substance Ringse, or the deposition of psychic energy.<... > Deposits of psychic energy can be found in many organs and nerve channels ”*.

* Archive of A. M. Aseev, vol. I. Letters of Helena Roerich to Alexei Mikhailovich Aseev. Published in the collection: Roerich E.I., Roerich N.K., Aseev A.M. Occult and Yoga. Chronicle of cooperation. T. 1.M .: Sfera, 1996. http://www.roerich.com/7_19.htm.

S. Muldon, H. Carrington in their book "Projection of the Astral Body" note: "Inside the brain is a special organ - the pineal gland, until recently almost unexplored area, although it has long been known in the East that it is directly related to occult phenomena. Today, many psychologists, both Western and Eastern, recognize that the pineal gland not only has physiological significance, but also serves as a link between the physical and spiritual worlds. Swami Bhakta Vishita says: “The pineal gland is a mass of nerve tissue found in the brain, almost in the center of the skull and just above the upper end of the spine. It has a small cone shape and is reddish gray in color. It is located in front of the cerebellum and is attached to the third ventricle of the brain. It contains a large amount of particulate matter, similar to grains of sand, known as brain sand. It got its name from its shape resembling a pine cone. Eastern occultists claim that the pineal gland, with its special arrangement of nerve cells and small grains of cerebral sand, is closely related to volitional transmission and reception of mental vibration. "

Scientists have also repeatedly suggested that brain sand crystals are capable of receiving radiation of a non-electromagnetic nature. So, back in the 60s-early 70s of the XX century, the famous Soviet physicochemist, Professor of Moscow University Nikolai Ivanovich Kobozev (1903-1974), analyzing the phenomenon of consciousness, came to the conclusion that the molecular matter of the brain itself is not capable of providing thinking, this requires an external source of streams of ultra-light particles - psychons. According to this hypothesis, a person thinks not of his own free will, but because he has a pineal gland with cerebral sand that catches cosmic radiation, and psychons are the main carriers and carriers of mental and emotional impulses.

Cosmic energy in the East is called Qi, prana, etc. It is usually defined as a form of energy that fills the Universe and manifests itself in a special way in the human body. This subtle force is capable of being transmitted from one organism to another and is the energy on which numerous occult and magnetic phenomena are based. It is very similar to the "animal magnetism" of Western occultists. I would like to note that, in all its characteristics and distinctive features, this subtle energy quite well corresponds to the energy-informational processes accompanying nonlocal quantum correlations.

A. M. Panichev and A. N. Gulkov in their article * put forward a hypothesis according to which the brain sand in the pineal gland is the control center and the carrier of the information hologram in the human body and other highly organized animals. This is already very close to the concept of a quantum computer and the physics of entangled states. At the beginning of the book, I already mentioned that the holographic theory can serve as a good qualitative illustration of the physics of quantum information. Only, to be more precise, the "brain sand" is presented to the authors as waste "living crystals", which are assigned the main role - the control center. In the process of life, "living crystals" gradually "overgrow" organo-phosphorus-calcium membranes, that is, inside the pineal gland, in an environment supersaturated with calcium and phosphorus salts, they are gradually transformed into aggregates of "brain sand". The unusual informational properties of the "brain sand" noticed during the experiments by S. N. Golubev ** testify, in the authors' opinion, only to the fact that all information about the organism remains recorded in them.

* Panichev A. M., Gulkov A. N. On carriers of information holograms in biological systems: http://www.festu.ru/ru/structure/library/library/science/s127/article_13.htm.

** Golubev S. N. Biostructures as fractal mapping quasicrystalline geometry // Consciousness and physical reality. 1996. T. 1. No. 1-2. S. 85-92.

Currently, histochemists have figured out what is the structure of brain sand *. The grains range in size from 5 microns to 2 mm, in shape they often resemble a mulberry berry, that is, they have scalloped edges. They consist of an organic base - a colloid, which is considered the secret of pinealocytes and is saturated with calcium and magnesium salts, mainly phosphates. Method x-ray crystallographic analysis showed that calcium salts on diffractograms pineal gland are similar crystals hydroxyapatite ... Brain grains in polarized light exhibit birefringence with the formation of a "Maltese" cross. Optical anisotropy indicates that the crystals of the salt deposits of the pineal gland are not crystals of a cubic system. Due to the presence of calcium phosphate, grains of sand primarily fluoresce in ultraviolet rays, like colloid droplets, with a bluish-white glow. The myelin sheaths of the nerve trunks give a similar blue fluorescence. Typically, salt deposits are in the form of rings - layers alternating with layers of organic matter. Scientists have not yet been able to find out more about the "brain sand".

* Shmatov S. V. Synthesis of scientific and esoteric knowledge about the pineal gland // Medicine of the future in the light of the synthesis of the scientific worldview of East and West: Abstracts. abstracts and reports of the medical scientific-practical conference on May 1-2, 1998. Tomsk: SSMU, 1998. S. 42-45. http://madra.dp.ua/archives/medicine/shmatov/index.html.

So, the most interesting thing is that, it turns out, this "sand" contains calcium hydroxyapatite! It was he who was discussed as one of the most suitable "candidates" for the role of the physical basis of a quantum computer! A striking coincidence, and probably not accidental.

Combining data on the elemental base of a quantum computer with biology data on the pineal gland and the structure of the brain sand, a very interesting assumption can be made: the pineal gland of the brain is part of a quantum computer in our head, and "brain sand" is the physical basis of a quantum processor

The computer in our head is quantum, with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, there is a direct connection with esotericism, which is based on the application of the quantum properties of this computer (non-local correlations, "psychic energy").

A person has the opportunity to take advantage of the "magic" nonlocal properties of entangled states of the qubits of his quantum computer. It turns out that all esoteric practices inherently mean that a person is trying to "switch" his brain from the classical mode of functioning to the quantum mode. Engaging in mystical practice, he tries to use the non-local resource of entangled states and control it, doing almost the same thing that physicists are striving for now, working on the technical implementation of a quantum computer!

From the theoretical foundations of quantum mechanics, it follows that the appearance of additional quantum correlations requires the presence of classical interactions. That is, in order for our soul to be able to realize itself and develop further, it must have a material basis, a "guide" in the objective world. Such a "conductor" may well be crystals hydroscapatite in the brain sand, serving as the physical basis of the quantum computer in our brain. By the way, with ultrasound examination, the pineal gland becomes visible in the human embryo on the 49th day after its conception, at about the same time when the sex of the child becomes distinguishable. First of all, nature begins to form the processor of our future quantum computer, on which the rest of the "hardware" is "wound". Formation begins with subtle quantum levels, and if reincarnation takes place, then it is at this time that the quantum astrosome is "captured" for the next incarnation. According to Buddhist ideas, the life force of the deceased needs exactly 49 days to enter the next incarnation.

After the birth of a child, his quantum computer is still clean, he is not loaded with any programs that allow him to navigate in our dense world. And the computer itself, as a device that can be used, is not yet ready for work - the final "assembly" has not yet been completed. It's like in the physics of quantum information: what's the point in the fact that any interacting systems are connected by nonlocal correlations - they don't become quantum computers for us. To get a quantum computer, you need to organize qubits that could be selectively manipulated, perform logical operations and get the result. Likewise, a child - at first he is closer to the Subtle World, in his pineal gland there are still no qubits on which he could perform logical operations. Brain sand and crystals hydroxyapatite how physical carriers of qubits are formed gradually, as the child grows up, when he begins to master mental constructions and logical operations. It turns out that the opinion of the occultists is to some extent true that the brain sand is a deposit of "psychic energy", and the point of view, according to which the pineal gland is the connecting link of the body and consciousness ("seat of the soul"), also seems quite reasonable.

This conclusion is confirmed by another quote from the book of MP Hall: “A small child lives mainly in invisible worlds. His physical organism is still difficult to manage, but in those worlds with which he is connected through the open gates of the pineal gland, the child is aware of himself and actively acts (at least to some extent). Gradually, certain manifestations of his higher consciousness are absorbed by the physical organism and crystallize in the form of the finest sand found in this gland. But until the consciousness enters the body, there is no sand in this gland. "

In terms of quantum computing, the pineal gland is the physical carrier of the qubits of our quantum computer. With its help, we orient ourselves in the dense objective world, but since the computer is quantum, we can also “look” at the subtle levels of reality. After the death of our body, the need for a material carrier of qubits disappears - we no longer need to perceive dense planes of reality, so we can safely leave dense qubits in our mortal remains. But their quantum "cast" continues to exist, taking with it what was developed in the dense world. For the perception of subtle levels, only subtle structures are enough, and in this case the quantum halos of once dense qubits act as the physical basis of our quantum computer. Consciousness continues to function approximately according to the same principles as before, but it is localized only at the quantum levels of reality - there is already its own "brain sand" and its "crystals hydroxyapatite».

"Brain sand" is not only people, but also animals. Their quantum computer is probably only more primitive, with an earlier version of the "operating system."

The proposed hypothesis about a quantum computer in the brain can be developed in various directions, both classical, such as the creation of artificial intelligence, and esoteric - here it is appropriate to talk, for example, about the possibility of transferring the process of teaching esoteric techniques to more accessible language in terms of programming a quantum computer. Already, clubs for quantum computer programming are being created on the Internet.

An interesting version of how to control a quantum computer in our brain is the method of the VM Bronnikov school of turning on a "biocomputer". This is a kind of "monitor" that can be connected to a quantum computer in your head and which allows you to control its quantum resources. Moreover, on the "internal screen" you can organize even a familiar interface such as a Windows desktop with icons for launching individual "programs" - just like on a regular personal computer.

By the quantum resource of a computer, as is customary, I mean here a nonlocal quantum resource, that is, the ability of a computer to manipulate the entangled states of qubits both among themselves and with the environment (control decoherence). In our usual state of consciousness, we use only the classical resources of our "head computer". But you can also use quantum resources. There are many ways and options for their practical application. The biocomputer is just one of them, the most technologically advanced and closest to our familiar look on computer.

If you familiarize yourself with the method of its activation * and its practical application, you can be convinced that the work of the biocomputer is connected with the pineal gland of the brain. At the first stage, before turning on the quantum computer, it is necessary to acquire stable skills in forming a clot of energy in the coccyx, to learn how to lift it up the spine and “throw out” this flow of energy through the eyes (exercise “Energy surge”). Then you can start turning on the “screen of inner vision”.

* See exercises "Energy surge" and "Turning on the screen of inner vision" in the methods of the Bronnikov school: http://khohuun.h1.ru/upr1-3.htm.

Here's a description of this exercise:

“The student is asked to present (form) a white point on a dark background with his eyes closed, to turn the point into a horizontal line, then turn this line vertically into the screen. All operations are initially performed at the instructor's command.

In the next lesson, upon the command "turn on the biocomputer", the students carry out the program of turning on the screen independently. The start-up process takes 3-5 seconds. After finishing work with the screen, it is turned off in the reverse order of turning it on. For children, turning on, off and working with the screen is very easy. Adults do it with difficulty, for some of them the screen does not appear at all, which may indicate a relatively low brain activity or the presence of insurmountable psychological barriers or attitudes.

When the screen appears, it becomes possible to obtain vivid pictures with the help of imagination, animate them, write down the necessary information, etc. "

To turn on the biocomputer, you need the same "energy surges", which were mentioned just above. They are needed to form a "white point". That is, the ascending energy flow is a “trigger”, a kind of “button” that must be pressed to send a “signal to the monitor”. Energy surges are also required to turn off the "monitor".

So, in order to switch to the quantum mode of operation of our brain computer, it is necessary to form a flow of energy moving up the spine (something similar to raising the Kundalini in Indian Kundalini Yoga). Since the pineal gland is located above the spinal column, we can say that we are placing it in an external field. There is an analogy here with NMR methods and, in particular, with the practical implementation of a quantum computer, when a quantum "processor" (in Isaac Chuang's experiment - a test tube with a liquid) is placed in an external magnetic field.

But the analogy with NMR doesn't end there. Read the following excerpt from the already mentioned book by Manly P. Hall:

“The pituitary gland is the negative pole, but it plays an important role in spiritual consciousness.<...> Possessing a female polarity, the pituitary gland acts as a constant temptress. In Egyptian myths, Isis, possessing the qualities of the pituitary gland, with her charms prompts the supreme god of the sun Ra (symbolizing the pineal gland) to reveal his secret name, which in the end he does. The corresponding physiological process deserves a more detailed consideration.

The pituitary gland begins to faintly glow. Slightly flickering light rings begin to emanate from it, gradually extinguishing at a short distance from the gland. As occult development proceeds, due to a proper understanding of the relevant laws, the rings surrounding the pituitary gland become brighter. Their distribution is uneven: they elongate towards the side of the pituitary gland that faces the third ventricle, and expand, forming elegant parabolas, towards the pineal gland. Gradually, as the flow intensifies, they come closer and closer to the dormant eye of Shiva, staining the pineal gland a golden orange color and gently setting it in motion. Under the influence of gentle warmth and the radiance of the fire of the pituitary gland, the divine egg begins to tremble and move; the magnificent mystery of occult deployment is being accomplished.<...>

The pineal gland is the link between human consciousness and the invisible worlds of Nature. Whenever the vault of the pituitary gland comes into contact with this gland, a person experiences a short-term flash of clairvoyance, but in order to achieve the coordinated work of these organs, many years of dedicated physiological and biological training of a special kind are required.

What is surprising - this is the classic NMR scheme! Most often, to observe magnetic resonance, an additional alternating magnetic field is used, directed perpendicular to a constant external field.

The line joining the pituitary gland and the pineal gland lies fairly close to a plane perpendicular to the line of the spine. The pituitary gland thus acts as a coil, which is perpendicular to the external magnetic field in classical NMR.

One more point: in NMR they try to use the strongest external field, since this amplifies the resonance signal, that is, a more accurate, detailed picture is obtained. This principle is true for a biocomputer and similar techniques for opening the "Third Eye", that is, in order to see a clear "picture", you need to be able to create a sufficiently powerful flow of energy. But the decisive importance is not the absolute value of the magnetic field, but its gradient (within the pineal gland), but the larger the field itself, the better. Naturally, this is only an analogy. Here, only a schematic diagram can be in common with NMR, at least in its most general outline. Brain sand has a complex layered structure, and the role of qubits can be played, for example, by individual layers of these deposits - then there will be no need magnetic fields with a strong gradient, but "energy surges" will be quite enough.

And the crystals themselves hydroxyapatite in our body are not ideal - they contain inclusions, for example, metal ions, which give them different color shades. It is still difficult to speak about the role and significance of these inclusions. If we were dealing with physics and with a quantum computer on single crystals hydroxyapatite calcium, then any inhomogeneities and foreign inclusions would only complicate the task. Even in the presence of an ideal crystal, one would have to "decouple" the 31 P - 1 H interactions, which, however, is quite easy to do. And the interactions of protons with isotopes 43 Ca and 17 O, which have magnetic moments, can be neglected due to their low percentage in natural compounds (43 Ca - 0.145% and 17 O - 0.037%).

But this is physics, which requires the ability not only to conduct experiments, but also to quantitatively describe what is happening on theoretical models. A large number of parameters only complicates the description and conduct of experiments. They usually start with the simplest situations, and then you can “cheat”, look for more effective solutions.

And when it comes to biology, who knows ... A mathematical model for the operation of our quantum computer in the head is not needed. It was not designed by us. Although I have a hope that someday we will understand the basic principles of its work.

Indirect data also support the idea that a quantum computer in our brain works by analogy with NMR. For example, the effect of alternating magnetic fields on the pineal gland has been noted, which is being studied rather intensively in connection with the interest in melatonin, which is produced there. And these experiments confirm that the pineal gland is one of the magnetically sensitive organs in our body *. There are a lot of publications on this topic in the West. The article named in the footnote ** contains a large list of references on this topic.

* Temuryants N., Shekhotkin A., Nasilevich V. Magnetic sensitivity pineal gland. Biophysics... T. 43. Issue... 5.1998. ... 761-765; http://nauka.relis.ru/19/0001/19001046.htm.

** Pfluger D. H, Minder C. E. Effects of exposure to 16.7 Hz magnetic fields on urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion of Swiss railway workers. J. Pineal Res. 1996 Sep; 21 (2): 91-100, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd\u003dRetrieve&db\u003dPubMed&list_uids\u003d8912234&dopt\u003dAbstract.

The NMR analogy can be very useful and productive in understanding the basic principles of a quantum computer in the brain. It is no coincidence that the first experiments on the practical implementation of a quantum computer were carried out by NMR methods - today it is not only a strong experimental base, but also powerful theoretical methods that allow describing spin dynamics and explaining the essence of the processes taking place using simple models. BTW, I can recommend a great overview article * in Rev. Mod. Phys., Devoted to modern NMR methods as applied to quantum computing. One of its authors is the same I. Chuang, who is famous as the creator of the first prototypes of quantum computers. Ultimately, these methods may not be used in industrial designs of a quantum computer. However, due to the fact that NMR methods are very well formalized, they are an excellent model example of the theoretical foundations of quantum computing.
* Vandersypen L. M. K., Chuang I. L.NMR techniques for quantum control and computation, Rev. Mod. Phys. 76 , 1037, (2004).

Crystals hydroxyapatite as a model basis for a quantum computer in the brain, they are good in that they have a theoretical description of a specific mechanism of quantum computing, which makes it possible to simulate the operation of a crystal as a carrier of quantum memory registers (qubits).Moreover, theoretical modeling is quite simple - quasi-one-dimensional structure hydroscapatite calcium allows the problem to be reduced to a linear chain of interacting nuclear spins (qubits); theoretical methods for describing such one-dimensional systems in NMR are well developed.

By and large, any quasi-closed system of interacting subsystems can be considered a quantum computer. There is only one small "but" - in order to purposefully use the nonlocal quantum resources of such a system, you need to be able to manage quantum correlations between its subsystems. There is a distant analogy here with esoteric practice - in order to use our magical abilities, we must be able to manage our quantum correlations with the environment, interactions at subtle levels of energy, that is, "conduct" energy-information flows.

For example, if you take a specific system, let’s say water (or ice crystals), then it is impossible to single out qubits in it, and even more so to indicate a method that allows you to selectively manipulate them. Although the nonlocal correlations inherent in water (its informational properties) undoubtedly play a very significant role in our life, as well as in life on Earth in general.

But in the case of hydroxyapatite calcium, it is clear what and how to do to make this crystal work for us as a quantum computer. Therefore, even as a model system, it can give a lot for understanding the physical foundations of the work of consciousness. The simplest thing is to imagine that an ideal single crystal is inserted in our "forehead" instead of the pineal gland hydroxyapatite, and, therefore, it is already possible to model the work of consciousness using the approaches used in quantum computing.

Within the framework of the proposed hypothesis, it is also interesting to analyze the following question: what happens to a person whose pineal gland is removed? Such operations are performed in the presence of a malignant tumor in it. How do patients behave after surgery? On the Internet, I have come across descriptions of cases when, after removing the pineal gland, people experience the so-called "bi-placement". Here is one such description *:

“I have seen many neurosurgical patients who have had their pineal gland removed due to a tumor. They classically demonstrate virtual “bi-placement” in which they exist simultaneously in dream reality and in the present. They exist in a vivid dream state (in a vivid dream state), while they are conscious, and can alternate these two states your consciousness. When testing these patients, it turns out that their orientation in "this" reality is somewhat different from the norm and may seem a little strange to a casual observer. Interestingly, these patients exhibit fully fixed gaze with subtle eye movements. And even more curious is that when they move in "this" reality, then in the "other" reality they move the same distance. One gentleman whom I helped to get to the bathroom stopped halfway and for some time could not go further due to the fact that in his “other” reality he was at the races, and the place where we were in the hospital corridor was simultaneously perceived by him as track border. We did not move until the path was clear of horses that could knock it down. "

Here I see an analogy with a broken quantum computer, when the ability to extract a suitable "picture" of perception from a superposition state is lost, and they remain superimposed on each other. But at the same time, the human body is a fairly reliable system, and many of its main functions are duplicated, therefore the removal of the pineal gland does not lead to a total "shutdown" of the quantum computer (our consciousness). Crystals hydroxyapatite there is not only in the pineal gland, but also in the surrounding tissues, it is generally quite a lot in our body. And the quantum "cast" of the pineal gland continues to remain in place, connected by non-local correlations with other functioning parts of the system. Therefore, our quantum computer does not turn off, but continues to work, it only sometimes " buggy”, But these disruptions in the symptoms of“ bi-placement ”are themselves unequivocally in favor of the quantum hypothesis with its superposition of states of perception. By analogy with a quantum computer, this "glitch" can be represented as follows: we perform quantum computations, but we cannot output the result, we cannot decohere it on dense qubits and see what happened. There are simply no dense qubits, the pineal gland is removed - the result is not transferred to a material carrier, it cannot be "read" by others material structures brain as information of perception about the object bodies around us. At best, its quantum halo remains in place of the pineal gland - subtle-energy structure, and the brain "reads" information from there, but at the same time there is no way to distinguish the subtle "ghostly reality" from the real one - both the picture of perception is contained in the subtle structure. The brain is not able to choose the one that belongs to the dense world, since there are no dense carriers of this information from where it can be read.

Since the pineal gland and the brain sand, as I suppose, play such an important role in our "brain computer", it makes sense to get acquainted in more detail with scientific medical research in this area. For this purpose, the article by IV Sjaesk "The Pineal Gland of a Human Brain" *, which contains all the basic information about the structure of the pineal gland and the composition of the brain sand, is well suited.

* Xiaesk I. V. Brain sand of the pineal gland of a person // Scientific and practical bulletin: Man in social world: problems, research, prospects. Issue 1/2001 (No. 5). P. 44.

A number of modern researchers have shown that the deposits of the pineal gland sand are the result of the metabolic activity of pinealocytes, and not a pathological process during which calcification occurs. necrotic tissues of the gland, as was previously thought for a long time. A decrease in the formation of brain sand is associated with a variety of diseases, while an increase in its amount does not indicate a specific pathological condition.

Studies have shown that grains of sand of various sizes and densities occur among pinealocytes (pineal cells) and arachnoid cells (choroid cells). An increase in the size of grains of sand in areas of calcification occurs with the help of apposion growth. The grains of sand are surrounded by collagen fibers and form concentric layers of varying density. In these layers, needle-shaped structures similar to crystals were found. hydroxyapatite.

These irregular shape multilayer concentric pineal deposits contain:

1) hydroxyapatite Ca 5 (PO 4) 3 OH;

2) calcium phosphate Ca 3 (PO 4) 2;

3) calcium hydrogen phosphate Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 H 2 O;

4) carbonate apatite CaCO 3 OH;

5) calcite CaCO 3.

In addition to this inorganic component, there is also an organic one, which has two components: hormonal (this includes more than 10 hormones of the pineal gland) and non-hormonal (in the structure of membranes and cytoplasmic matrix of pineal cells). The hormonal component of the organic component of the brain sand: indoleamines - melatonin, serotonin; tryptophan derivatives - 5-hydroxytryptopol, 5-methoxytryptamine, 5-methoxytryptophol, norepinephrine, adrenoglomerulotropin; peptides - arginine, vasotocin, pinoline, thyrotropin releasing factor.

The combination of organic and inorganic components of brain sand gives it a greater strength, comparable to that of steel.

Properties of pinealocytes due to their ability to form an inorganic component of brain sand in the form of crystal deposits hydroxyapatites and calcium hydrogen phosphate, cannot be considered specific. Similar processes - the deposition of the above-mentioned compounds - occur in other somatic cells of the body under physiological conditions, both intracellularly (in mitochondria and lysosomes) and extracellularly ( glycosaminoglycans, collagen fibers). The etiology of this process is not known. According to IV Syaesk, the formation of the inorganic component of brain sand cannot be considered separately from the process occurring in the body, known as "calcification" - these are links of a single process, the function and significance of which have not been thoroughly studied by modern science. Inorganic deposits in the form hydroxyapatites, carbonapatites, calcium phosphate result from physiological processes in the vascular ventricles of the brain, bone tissue, dentin and enamel of teeth, etc. They also occur in pathological processes: in atherosclerotic plaques and heart valves in the early stages of atherosclerosis, with osteochondrosis, osteoarthritis.

One of the founders of the quantum theory of consciousness, Stuart Hameroff, in his new job stated that he managed to find carriers of human memory - they turned out to be microtubules of neurons. Hameroff became famous after, together with the outstanding mathematician Roger Penrose, he put forward the theory of thinking, according to which the human mind has a quantum nature.

Hameroff commented on his findings: “Many neurobiological publications end with the claim that they can help in understanding the brain and treating Alzheimer's disease, brain injury and various neurological and psychiatric disorders. This work can actually do this. We can look at the biomolecular code brain memory. " To understand the degree of validity of such claims, it is necessary to clarify a few things concerning both Hameroff himself and his theory.

Anesthetist

Stuart Hameroff is not exactly a typical biologist, and this is not about his original appearance - sometimes he resembles either a Buddhist guru or John Locke from the TV series Lost. He came to academic science from practical medicine, which few well-paid American doctors dare to do. However, he did not break with anesthesiology and still successfully combines both classes at the University of Arizona, which allows him not to worry about receiving grants. What distinguishes him from ordinary American anesthetists is his long and deep interest in two things: in the nature of human consciousness and in microtubules. It was thanks to these interests that the neurobiological world started talking about him.

“During a summer elective in the oncology laboratory, I saw how microtubules take apart chromosomes in dividing cells. level? " - said Hameroff in one of his interviews.

Microtubules are known as the main component of the cytoskeleton. These are reinforcement, structural elements that allow animal cells to maintain their shape, and not turn into a round drop of cytoplasm. They are composed of only two very similar proteins - alpha and beta-tubulin, which polymerize into long, hollow tubes. During division, microtubules attach to each individual chromosome and take them apart into daughter cells. In addition, they can work as a kind of highways through which goods pass from one end of the cage to the other. In the axons and dendrites of nerve cells, where there are a lot of microtubules, it is along them, like on rails, that the spent mediators are transported to the synapses.

Microtubules have long taken their place in biology textbooks and rarely attracted the attention of those involved in memory and other higher nervous activity... But Hameroff was absorbed by them. When he discovered that some anesthetics affect the structure of microtubules, he decided that this is what explains the loss of consciousness during anesthesia (later it turned out that not all anesthetics work this way, but for Stewart it did not change anything). In 1987, he wrote a book called Ultimate Computing, in which he made a very unexpected suggestion that microtubules, in addition to their traditional function, can be devices for computing and integrating information in the brain. He called them calculating machines. The functions attributed to neurons had to be sought, according to Stewart, at the subcellular level. How exactly microtubules are "calculated", Hameroff was not quite clear until he got acquainted with the sensational book of his future colleague, the famous mathematician Roger Penrose, "The New Mind of the King".

Mathematician

By the time of the publication of his controversial book, Penrose, or rather Sir Roger Penrose (in 1994, he was awarded the knightly title for his outstanding achievements in the development of science) was one of the most famous mathematicians. On his account was the creation of the theory of twistors, spin networks, the hypothesis of "cosmic censorship" and many other works both in pure mathematics and in the theory of relativity and quantum gravity. He worked on the theory of quantum gravity with Stephen Hawking. The most widely known among his purely mathematical works are non-periodic mosaics, or "Penrose chickens," figures that can completely fill a plane with a non-repeating pattern. By the end of the eighties, the renowned scientist, armed with mathematical knowledge, turned to the problem of human consciousness that had long interested him and wrote a popular book that made him famous among people who were not interested in mathematics at all, and sparked a flurry of discussions.

In The New Mind of the King, Penrose tried to prove from the standpoint of mathematical logic that modern ideas about the work of the brain require a radical revision. Briefly, his reasoning can be described as follows. People who study artificial intelligence often view the brain as a computing machine, some of them even believe that computing machines will be able to surpass human intelligence in the future.

Penrose did not believe in the truth of such statements and opposed them with Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Simplifying greatly, we can say that it claims that any formal system, for example a computer, is in some sense defective, that is, it cannot understand all the statements that it itself can formulate.

Based on this, Penrose decided that artificial intelligence, if it works as a program, will not be able to "understand" anything the way a person does. "In my opinion, Gödel's argument tells us that we are not just calculating machines; that our understanding is something outside of computation. It does not tell us that it is something immaterial, but there is an important thing we are missing that has to do with quantum mechanics. " - asserted Penrose in an interview with Susan Blackmore. Since a person thinks differently from a computer, therefore, human consciousness a certain component is inherent, which, according to Penrose, should have quantum properties. The mathematician did not begin to assert in what structures he is present.

Quantum theory of consciousness

Few scientists, accustomed to good old neurons and synapses, took Penrose's hypothesis seriously. However, Stuart Hameroff was among them. He convinced Penrose that microtubules should be the bearer of quantum properties. According to Hameroff, the ordered and extended structure of microtubules gives them the ability to maintain quantum states long time... In fact, according to scientists, these components of the cytoskeleton (which, in fact, are in every cell of the body) in the neurons of the brain work, no more, no less, quantum computers.

In the following years, Hameroff and Penrose devoted themselves to the development of a joint "Orch OR Neurocomputer Model of Consciousness". Each of them wrote a new book on this topic. An interdisciplinary conference "Towards the Science of Consciousness" was organized in Tucson, Arizona, with speakers from philosophers, physicists, neuroscientists and mathematicians. To the credit of the organizers, there were many of their ardent critics among the speakers. Even skeptics recognized the importance of this conference for the entire field of consciousness research. Proponents of quantum consciousness have published a large number of articles, including in peer-reviewed biological journals. Since the release of The New Mind of the King, Penrose has written several more books on, along with quantum consciousness, and other physical theories. Unlike Hameroth, Penrose never insisted on microtubules as the only candidate for quantum computers in the brain.

Stewart, on the other hand, has repeatedly tried to show that it is microtubules that must play a very special role in the brain, if not in the formation of consciousness, then in something else. In order to obtain a variety of experimental confirmation of this, he attracted working together other coauthors. In his latest article, he, together with Jack Tyzhinsky and his graduate student Travis Creddock, addressed the problem of memory.

Memory enzyme

The work argues that microtubules can be its main storage in neurons. The article was peer-reviewed and published on March 8, 2012 in the authoritative journal PLoS Computational Science.

The researchers turned to the processes that occur in neurons after activation and should be somehow related to memorization. It is known that during the discharge, calcium ions enter the neuron, which can activate calcium-dependent enzymes.

The authors, using known pieces of the structure, created a computer model of the CaMKII complex. This is a calcium-dependent enzyme found in neurons that can modify various proteins by attaching phosphate tags to them. This modification often changes the structure of the protein or its interaction with partners; therefore, it is often used by cells when transmitting signals from protein to protein in signaling cascades.

The resulting structural model of the enzyme resembled a six-rayed snowflake, each of the rays of which bears an active center capable of hanging phosphate tags. Having obtained the CaMKII model, the researchers matched it to the structure of microtubules and decided that the enzyme was excellent for labeling them. On the surface of the microtubule, the complex is positioned so that it can mark a cluster of six nearby tubulin proteins. Since each protein can be in a labeled or original form, the authors of the article considered that one bit of information is encoded by this. A cluster of six proteins, they say, is then a "byte". Researchers even calculated how much information is encoded and how much energy is consumed in a single interaction of CaMKII and a microtubule. The resulting numbers spoke of very good energy efficiency and information capacity, much higher than what neuroscientists attribute to synapses. How exactly the information encoded in the form of microtubule phosphorylation can rise from the subcellular level to the level of neurons and, ultimately, turn into memories, the authors did not explain in detail in the article. They suggest that phosphorylation can affect transport along microtubules, propagate in waves along a neuron, affect the growth of dendrites, and so on.

Healthy skepticism

It is difficult to say if the scientific community will take seriously the latest work of Hameroff and colleagues. The article was published in a fairly authoritative journal, which means that it had to undergo at least minimal peer review by fellow scientists. However, most neuroscientists are highly critical of Hameroff and Penrose's ideas.

Their joint brainchild, the quantum consciousness hypothesis, was criticized by colleagues in articles in Science, at scientific conferences, and (especially fiercely) at their own lectures. Opponents' arguments ranged from detailed justifications for the impossibility of quantum effects on macroscopic processes in the brain to claims that Hameroff and Penrose are trying to explain one mysterious thing - consciousness - with the help of another mysterious thing - quantum theory. But it is necessary to understand that this criticism concerned only that part of their joint theory that speaks of consciousness. Modern neuroscience really knows very little about its nature so far.

In the latter work, Hameroff, already without Penrose's support, stepped into much more researched territory by scientists regarding memory mechanisms. There has been an unprecedented advance in research lately. Neuroscientists are discovering the principles of genes important for memorization, their interaction, the role of protein and non-coding RNA synthesis in this process. Some researchers even propose ways to erase unwanted memories based on specific inhibition of the formation of proteins important for memory (you can read about this in detail, for example). In general, the region has entered a phase of explosive growth.

For some reason, it seems that this time "revolutionary" work in a field where there is already so much reliable experimental data will not cause the same storm of discussions as it did with Penrose's first book. Most likely, it will simply be ignored.