Often tenses in English are difficult for English learners. This is explained by the fact that the system of tenses in English is not similar to that used in Russian, although some parallels can still be drawn. However, the system of English times has an undeniable merit - it has a strict orderliness, consistency, and obeys the laws of grammar.
English Times. a brief description of
There are 12 tenses in English, which are divided into four groups:
- simple or indefinite (group of simple times);
- continuous or progressive (group of long or prolonged times);
- perfect (group of perfect times);
- perfect continuous or perfect progressive (a group of perfect long times).
In English, just as in Russian, the action expressed by a verb can occur in the past, present, or future. Accordingly, each of the above groups of tenses can be expressed in the past tense ( past tense), present tense ( present tense), or future tense ( future tense).
Each group of tenses in English expresses a different situation.
Simple times describe the fact of the origin of the action, regardless of the extent of this action. They are also used to describe actions that occur with some regularity.
Long times, as the name suggests, describe what happens over a period of time, usually given by the moment in question. Also, verbs of this group of tenses are always built using the verb beand the ending is always appended to them "-ing".
Perfect times describe actions that have already completed at some point in time. Verbs in this group of tenses are always used with an auxiliary verb haveand they always appear in the past participle form.
Perfect long times , as the name implies, define the signs of the times of a perfect and long-lasting group, they describe actions that continued over a certain period of time. The verbs of this group use two auxiliary verbs - have and been, and have the ending " -ing".
Remembering the simple rules given above, it will be much easier to choose between these groups of times.
English times table with examples
To further simplify the understanding of the system of English tenses, below is a table that reflects the main use cases of certain tenses.
| Past (past tense) | Present (present) | Future (future tense) | |
| Simple / Indefinite | The fact of the origin of the action in the past. | An action that occurs with some regularity. | Action to be taken in the future. |
| cooked | cook / cooks | shall / will cook | |
| He cooked yesterday. He cooked yesterday. |
He cooks dinner every Friday. He prepares dinner every Friday. |
He will cook tomorrow. He will cook tomorrow. |
|
| Continuous / Progressive be + verb + ing |
An action that occurs at a specified moment in the past (usually expressed by another action in the form of a Simple Past). | The action that is taking place now. | An action that will take place some time later in the future, at any specified moment. |
| was / were cooking | am / is / are cooking | shall / will be cooking | |
| He was cooking when the phone rang. He was cooking when the phone rang. |
He is cooking now. He's cooking now. |
He will be cooking when you come. He will cook when you come. |
|
| Perfect have + verb |
An action that ended before another action in the past, or before a moment in the past. | An action that took place at some unspecified moment in the past, and the effect of which is often present in the present. | An action that ends before another action in the future, or until a moment in the future. |
| had cooked | has / have cooked | shall / will have cooked | |
| He had cooked the dinner when the phone rang. He had already made dinner when the phone rang. |
He has cooked many meals. He has prepared many dishes. |
He will have cooked dinner by the time you come. He'll have dinner ready by the time you arrive. |
|
have + been + verb + ing |
An action that took place over a period of time before another action in the past, or until a moment in the past. | An action that began in the past, and which takes place over a period of time, and continues in the present. | An action that will begin in the future, and that will take place over a period of time before another action in the future, or a moment in the future. |
| had been cooking | has / have been cooking | shall / will have been cooking | |
| He had been cooking for a long time before he took lessons. He had been cooking for a while before he took a cooking course. |
He has been cooking for over an hour. He's been cooking for over an hour. |
He will have been cooking all day by the time she gets home. He'll be cooking all day by the time she gets home. |
Signs of the times in English
To a certain extent, each group of English times may have some signs that suggest, help to understand what time to use in a particular case. And although such signs do not allow to determine with one hundred percent certainty what time will be the most correct in this case, they still simplify the task of choosing.
Such signs express the period or time in which the action takes place.
For instance:
yesterday (yesterday) indicates simple past
every day (every day) indicates simple present
tomorrow (tomorrow) points to a simple future
while (while) indicates a past continuous
now (now) indicates present continuous
In English, there are many such word-signs, expressing any moment or period in time, and many of them indicate whether the action took place in the past, or will only happen in the future, and they can suggest which group time should be used. If you learn to recognize such words-signs, it will greatly help in choosing the times. However, it should be borne in mind that some of these words-signs can be used in more than one group of tenses. Below is a table containing the main such word-signs, and showing what time they indicate.
| Past (past tense) | Present (present) | Future (future tense) | |
| Simple / Indefinite | Simple Past | Simple Present | Simple future |
| yesterday - yesterday last year / month / etc - last year / month / etc. one year / month ago - one year / month ago |
every morning / day / etc. - every morning / every day / etc. always - always usually - usually frequently / often - often sometimes - sometimes |
tomorrow - tomorrow tonight - tonight next week / month / etc. - next week / next month / etc. soon - soon in the future - in the future |
|
| Continuous / Progressive | Past Continuous | Present continuous | Future continuous |
| while - while when - when |
now - now right now - right now this week / minute / etc. - this week / this minute / etc. |
when - when after - after as soon as - as soon as before - before |
|
| Perfect | Past perfect | Present perfect | Future perfect |
| before - before already - already by the time - by that time until then / last week / etc. - up to this point / until last week / etc. after - after |
until now - until now since - since then ever - ever never - never many times / weeks / years / etc. - many times / many weeks / many years / etc. for three hours / minutes / etc. - within three hours / minutes / etc. |
by the time you go (somewhere) - by the time you go (somewhere) by the time you do (something) - by the time you do (something) already - already |
|
| Perfect Continuous / Perfect Progressive | Past Perfect Continuous | Present perfect continuous | Future perfect continuous |
| before - before for one week / hour / etc. - within one week / one hour / etc. since - since then |
for the past year / month / etc. - during last year / month / etc. for the last 2 months / weeks / etc. - within the last 2 months / weeks / etc. up to now - up to now since - since then |
by the time - by that time for ten days / weeks / etc. - within ten days / weeks / etc. by - to (any moment) |
Here you can take a lesson on the topic: Simple past tense in English. Regular and irregular verbs. Past Simple. Regular and Irregular verbs.
In this tutorial we will get to know regular and irregular verbs in English and how to use them in sentences simple past tense. It is these verbs that in most cases are part of past tense.
To express thoughts in the past, the English often use the verbs was and were. Well, what if the main action is expressed by another verb, for example, swim, or play? In such cases, knowledge of regular and irregular English verbs is required. We will consider each category of verbs separately:
Regular verbs(Regular verbs) is a special group of English verbs that easily form the past tense by adding the -ed suffix to the infinitive (the usual verb form). Here are some examples of such verbs:
talk - talked (talk - spoke)
jump - jumped (jump - jumped)
check - checked (check - checked)
look - looked (look - looked)
stay - stayed (stay - stayed)
ask - asked (ask - asked)
show -showed (show - showed)
work - worked
Regular verbs with the ending -ed do not change by person or number. Let's look at the example of the verb walk (walk, walk):
I walked - I was walking
you walked - you walked / you walked
he walked - he walked
she walked - she walked
it walked - he / she walked / walked (inanimate)
we walked - we walked
they walked - they walked
I. There are some spelling rules when adding the ending -ed.
1. So, for example, if the verb is already ends with letter -e, only -d is appended to it. For instance:
Change - changed (change - changed)
arrive - arrived (arrive - arrived)
smoke - smoked (smoking - smoked)
2. If the verb ends with -y, then the ending, with rare exceptions, changes to -ied. For instance:
study - studied (learn - taught)
tidy - tidied (remove - removed)
try - tried
The exception is the verbs: play - played (to play), stay - stayed (to stop), enjoy - enjoyed (to enjoy).
3. In some short verbs(in 1 syllable) when adding the ending -ed the consonant is doubled.This rule applies to verbs that end in one vowel and one consonant letters. For instance:
stop - stop ped (stop - stopped)
rob - rob bed (to rob - robbed)
II. Regarding regular English verbs, there are also several reading rules.
1. So, for example, in verbs, ending in a voiceless consonant (f, k, p, t), the ending -ed is read softly like / t /. For instance:
walk ed / wɔ: kt /
look ed / lukt /
jump ed / dʒʌmpt /
ask ed / a: skt /
2. In verbs, ending in voiced and all other sounds,the ending -ed is read loudly, like / d /. For instance:
play ed / pleid /
show ed / ʃəud /
arriv ed / ə "raivd /
chang ed / tʃeindʒd /
3. The pronunciation of the ending -ed of the verb changes slightly when the verbs end in sounds / t / or / d /. Then the ending is pronounced / id /. For instance:
decid ed / di "saidid /
wait ed / "weitid /
land ed / "lændid /
fad ed / "feidid /
Now let's look at regular verbs in affirmative sentences. Here are some examples:
Miriam waited for Adam for several hours. Miriam waited for Adam for several hours.
She walked towards the river. - She walked towards the river.
They changed their mind. - They changed their mind.
The woman carried a heavy bag. - The woman was carrying a heavy bag.
When I arrived the party was over. - When I arrived, the party was over.
The plane landed near the village. - The plane landed near the village.
The car stopped next to my house. - The car stopped near my house.
Children played hide-and-seek. - The children were playing hide and seek.
We stayed at my grandmother "s. - We stayed with my grandmother.
I looked around but there was noone. - I looked around, but no one was there.
He studied German at school. - He studied German at school.
As you can see from the examples, the place of subjects and verbs in affirmative sentences is fixed, and the remaining members of the sentences can be used depending on the context. When reading the examples, pay attention to the spelling and pronunciation of the regular verbs.
In contrast to regular verbs, English also has a number of irregular verbs, which do not obey the rule of adding the ending -ed, but are formed completely unexpectedly and in different ways. For instance:
find - found
take - took
sleep - slept (sleep - slept)
fight - fought (fight - fought)
get - got (get - got)
give - gave (give - gave)
buy - bought
catch - caught (catch - caught)
lose - lost (to lose - lost) and many others.
The complete
The simple past tense uses verbs from the second column (Past Simple).
In affirmative sentences, irregular verbs are used in the same way as regular ones. The order of the sentence is fixed: Subject - Predicate - Object - Adverbial modifier. Let's look at examples:
He lost his key a day ago. - He lost his key a day ago.
Simon took my phone number yesterday. “Symn took my phone number yesterday.
I gave her a birthday present. - I gave her a birthday present.
They slept for eight hours last night. “They slept eight hours last night.
To form negative and interrogative sentences with regular and irregular verbs (except for to be and modal verbs), the auxiliary verb did is necessarily used.
So, for example, in interrogative sentences put first auxiliary verb did, then the subject and the verb, but in its original form (infinitive), since the auxiliary verb did takes over the function of the past tense. Let's look at a few examples:
(+) Her watch stopped working. - Her clock stopped working.
(?) Did her watch stop working? - Her clock stopped working?
(+) He caught a big fish. - He caught a big fish.
(?) Did he catch a big fish? - Did he catch a big fish?
(+) They played cards in the evening. “They played cards in the evening.
(?) Did they play cards in the evening? - Did they play cards in the evening?
(+) Mr. Right found a purse with money. - Mr. Wright found a wallet with money.
(?) Did Mr. Right find a purse money? - Did Mr. Wright find a wallet with money?
(+) His father called him yesterday. - His father called him yesterday.
(?) Did his father call him yesterday? - Did his father call him yesterday?
As you can see from the examples, the auxiliary verb did does not change by person or number, as, for example, the verbs do and does, was and were. Also, these questions belong to the category of general ones, and require short answers, which, unlike the Russian "yes" and "no", depend largely on the question itself and the auxiliary verb. Let's take a closer look:
Did you leave early last night? -Yes, I did. -No, I didn "t. - Did you leave early last night? -Yes. -No.
Did they like the cake? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn "t. - Did they like the cake? -Yes. -No.
Did their children break the remote control? -Yes, they did. -No, they didn "t. - Did their kids break the remote? -Yes. -No.
Special Issues with regular and irregular verbs are formed in the same order as common, but with the addition question word at the beginning. For instance:
Where did you find the map? - Where did you find the map?
Why did they call us last night? - Why did they call us last night?
Who did you invite to the party? - Who did you invite to the party?
What did she cook fro dinner? - What did she cook for dinner?
Negative sentences with regular and irregular verbs are also formed using the auxiliary verb did, and the negative particle "not". The main verbs in such sentences remain in their original form, i.e. in the infinitive. Let's look at examples:
(+) He wanted us to go. - He wanted us to leave.
(-) He didn "t (did not) want us to go. - He didn't want us to leave.
(+) They enjoyed the concert. - They liked the concert.
(-) They didn "t enjoy the concert. - They didn't like the concert.
(+) Albert promised me something. - Albert promised me something.
(-) Albert didn "t promise me anything. - Albert didn’t promise me anything.
(+) My friend paid t he fine. - My friend paid the fine.
(-) My friend didn "t pay the fine. - My friend did not pay the fine.
(+) It broke after all. - And yet it broke.
(-) It didn "t break after all. - And yet it didn't break.
As you can see from the examples, the word did can be combined with the particle not, and then the abbreviated form is obtained - didn "t.
Thus, we examined regular and irregular verbs in English, and also got acquainted with their use in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. The category of regular verbs does not require purposeful memorization, but it is recommended to learn irregular verbs several a day and try to use them in your sentences.
I'll tell you a secret: correct and irregular verbs of the English language are the most “favorite” topic of teachers and students when studying English grammar. Fate wanted the most popular and frequently used words in English to be wrong. For example, the famous phrase "to be or not to be" also contains an irregular verb. And that's the beauty of the British :)
Just imagine for a second how great it would be to add an ending -edto the main verbs and get the past tense. And now all English learners are prepared to participate in an exciting attraction - memorizing a convenient table of English irregular verbs with translation and transcription.
1. IRREGULAR VERBS
Meet their royal majesty irregular verbs. You won't have to talk about them for a long time. You just need to come to terms and remember that each verb has its own forms. And it is almost impossible to find any logical connection. All that remains is to put a table in front of you and learn how you once memorized the English alphabet.
It's good that there are verbs where all three forms coincide and are pronounced the same (put-put-put)... But there are especially harmful forms that are written like twins, but pronounced differently (read - read - read). Just as we choose only the best tea leaves of the best varieties for royal tea drinking, we have collected the most used irregular verbs, sorted them alphabetically, visually conveniently placed them in a table - we did everything to make you smile and ... learn. In general, only conscientious cramming will save humanity from ignorance of English irregular verbs.
And so that memorization is not so boring, you can create your own algorithms. For example, to begin with, write out all the verbs where the three forms are the same. Then those where the two forms coincide (most of them, by the way). Or, for example, to learn today the words with the letter "b" (do not think bad), and tomorrow - for another. No fantasy limits for English lovers!
And without leaving the checkout, we propose to pass the test on knowledge of irregular verbs.
Table of irregular verbs in English with transcription and translation:
| infinitive verb | simple past tense (Past Simple) | past participle | Transfer | |
| 1 | abide [ə "baɪd] | abode [ə "bəud] | abode [ə "bəud] | stay, stick to something |
| 2 | arise [ə "raɪz] | arose [ə "rəuz] | arisen [ə "rɪz (ə) n] | arise, rise |
| 3 | awake [ə "weɪk] | awoke [ə "wəuk] | awoken [əˈwoʊkn] | wake up, wake up |
| 4 | be | was; were | been | be, be |
| 5 | bear | bore | born | wear, give birth |
| 6 | beat | beat | beaten ["bi: tn] | beat |
| 7 | become | became | become | become, become |
| 8 | befall | befell | befallen | happen |
| 9 | begin | began | begun | start off) |
| 10 | behold | beheld | beheld | peer, notice |
| 11 | bend | bent | bent | bend (Xia), bend (Xia) |
| 12 | beseech | besought | besought | beg, beg |
| 13 | beset | beset | beset | surround, besiege |
| 14 | bet | bet | bet | bet |
| 15 | bid | bid | bid | bid, order, ask |
| 16 | bind | bound | bound | to bind |
| 17 | bite | bit | bitten ["bɪtn] | bite) |
| 18 | bleed | bled | bled | bleed, empty |
| 19 | blow | blew | blown | blow |
| 20 | break | broke | broken ["brəuk (ə) n] | break, interrupt, break |
| 21 | breed | bred | bred | spawn, breed, breed |
| 22 | bring | brought | brought | bring, bring |
| 23 | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast ["brɔːdkɑːst] | broadcast, distribute |
| 24 | build | built | built | build, embed |
| 25 | burn | burnt | burnt | burn, burn |
| 26 | burst | burst | burst | explode) |
| 27 | buy | bought | bought | buy |
| 28 | can | could | could | be able to physically |
| 29 | cast | cast | cast | throw, pour (metal) |
| 30 | catch | caught | caught | catch, catch |
| 31 | choose [ʧuːz] | chose [ʧuːz] | chosen ["ʧəuz (ə) n] | to choose |
| 32 | cling | clung | clung | stick, cling, cling |
| 33 | cleave | cleft | cloven ["kləuv (ə) n] | split, split |
| 34 | clothe | clothed | clothed | dress, dress |
| 35 | come | came | come [ kʌm] | to come |
| 36 | cost | cost [ kɒst] | cost [ kɒst] | estimate, cost |
| 37 | creep | crept | crept | crawl |
| 38 | cut | cut [ kʌt] | cut [ kʌt] | cut, trim |
| 39 | dare | durst | dared | dare |
| 40 | deal | dealt | dealt | deal, trade, consider an issue |
| 41 | dig | dug | dug | dig |
| 42 | dive | dove | dived | dive |
| 43 | do / does | did | done | do |
| 44 | draw | drew | drawn | drag, draw |
| 45 | dream | dreamt | dreamt | dreaming, dreaming |
| 46 | drink | drank | drunk | drink, drink |
| 47 | drive | drove | driven [ˈdrɪvn̩] | drive, drive, drive, drive |
| 48 | dwell | dwelt | dwelt | dwell, dwell, linger on something |
| 49 | eat | ate | eaten [ˈiːtn̩] | eat, eat, eat |
| 50 | fall | fell | fallen [ˈfɔːlən] | fall |
| 51 | feed | fed | fed [ fed] | feed) |
| 52 | feel | felt | felt [ felt] | feel |
| 53 | fight | fought [ˈfɔːt] | fought [ˈfɔːt] | fight, fight |
| 54 | find | found | found | find |
| 55 | fit | fit [ fɪt] | fit [ fɪt] | fit, fit |
| 56 | flee | fled | fled | run, flee |
| 57 | fling | flung | flung | throw, throw |
| 58 | fly | flew | flown | fly, fly |
| 59 | forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
| 60 | forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] | forecast; forecasted [ˈfɔːkɑːstɪd] | foresee, predict | |
| 61 | forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
| 62 | forego | forewent | foregone | refuse, refrain |
| 63 | foretell | foretold | foretold | predict, predict |
| 64 | forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive, |
| 65 | forsake | forsook | forsaken | give up, refuse |
| 66 | freeze | froze | frozen [ˈfrəʊzən] | freeze, freeze |
| 67 | get [ˈɡet] | got [ˈɡɒt] | got [ˈɡɒt] | receive, become |
| 68 | gild [ɡɪld] | gilt [ɡɪlt]; gilded [ˈɡɪldɪd] | to gild | |
| 69 | give [ɡɪv] | gave [ɡeɪv] | given [ɡɪvn̩] | to give |
| 70 | go / goes [ɡəʊz] | went [ˈwent] | gone [ɡɒn] | go, go |
| 71 | grind [ɡraɪnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | ground [ɡraʊnd] | sharpen, grind |
| 72 | grow [ɡrəʊ] | grew [ɡruː] | grown [ɡrəʊn] | grow, grow |
| 73 | hang | hung; hanged | hung [ hʌŋ]; hanged [ hæŋd] | hang, hang |
| 74 | have | had | had | have, have |
| 75 | hew | hewed | hewed; hewn | chop, chop |
| 76 | hear | heard | heard | hear |
| 77 | hide | hid | hidden [ˈhɪdn̩] | hide, hide |
| 78 | hit | hit [ hɪt] | hit [ hɪt] | hit, hit |
| 79 | hold | held | held | hold, maintain (own) |
| 80 | hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt, hurt, hurt |
| 81 | keep | kept | kept | keep, store |
| 82 | kneel | knelt; kneeled | kneel | |
| 83 | knit | knit; knitted [ˈnɪtɪd] | to knit | |
| 84 | know | knew | known | know |
| 85 | lay | laid | laid | lay down |
| 86 | lead | led | led | lead, accompany |
| 87 | lean | leant; leaned | lean, lean | |
| 88 | leap | leapt; leaped [liːpt] | leapt; leaped | jump |
| 89 | learn | learnt; learned | learn, learn | |
| 90 | leave | left | left | leave, leave |
| 91 | lend | lent | lent [lent] | borrow, lend |
| 92 | let | let [let] | let [let] | let, rent |
| 93 | lie | lay | lain | lie down |
| 94 | light | lit; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | lit [lɪt]; lighted [ˈlaɪtɪd] | light up, light up |
| 95 | lose | lost | lost | lose |
| 96 | make [ˈmeɪk] | made [ˈmeɪd] | made [ˈmeɪd] | do, make |
| 97 | may | might | might | can, have the right |
| 98 | mean | meant | meant | mean, mean |
| 99 | meet | met | met | meet, get acquainted |
| 100 | mishear [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard [ˌmɪsˈhɪə] | misheard |
| 101 | mislay | mislaid | mislaid | misplace |
| 102 | mistake | mistook | mistaken | be wrong, wrong |
| 103 | mow | mowed | mown | mow down |
| 104 | overtake | overtook | overtaken | catch up |
| 105 | pay | paid | paid | to pay |
| 106 | prove | proved | proved; proven | prove, certify |
| 107 | put | put | put | lay down |
| 108 | quit | quit; quitted | quit; quitted | leave, leave |
| 109 | read | read; red | read; red | to read |
| 110 | rebuild | rebuilt | rebuilt | rebuild, rebuild |
| 111 | rid | rid; ridded | rid; ridded | release, deliver |
| 112 | ride | rode | ridden | to ride |
| 113 | ring | rang | rung | ring, ring |
| 114 | rise | rose | risen | ascend, ascend |
| 115 | run | ran | run | run, flow |
| 116 | saw | sawed | sawn; sawed | to nag |
| 117 | say | said | said | speak, say |
| 118 | see | saw | seen | see |
| 119 | seek | sought | sought | seek |
| 120 | sell | sold | sold | sell |
| 121 | send | sent | sent | send, send |
| 122 | set | set | set | put, put |
| 123 | sew | sewed | sewed; sewn | to sew |
| 124 | shake | shook | shaken | shake |
| 125 | shall | should | should | be to |
| 126 | shave | shaved | shaved | to shave) |
| 127 | shear | sheared | shorn | cut, cut; deprive |
| 128 | shed | shed | shed | dump, spill |
| 129 | shine | shone; shined | shone; shined | shine, shine |
| 130 | shoe | shod | shod | shoe, shoe |
| 131 | shoot | shot | shot | shoot |
| 132 | show | showed | shown; showed | show |
| 133 | shrink | shrank; shrunk | shrunk | shrink, shrink, bounce, recoil |
| 134 | shut | shut | shut | close |
| 135 | sing | sang | sung | sing |
| 136 | sink | sank | sunk | sink, sink, sink |
| 137 | sit | sat | sat | sit |
| 138 | slay | slew | slain | kill, destroy |
| 139 | sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
| 140 | slide | slid | slid | slide |
| 141 | sling | slung | slung | throw, throw, hang over your shoulder, hang |
| 142 | slit | slit | slit | cut lengthwise, lengthwise |
| 143 | smell | smelt; smelled | smelt; smelled | smell, sniff |
| 144 | sow | sowed | sowed; sown | sow |
| 145 | speak | spoke | spoken | talk |
| 146 | speed | sped; speeded | sped; speeded | hurry, speed up |
| 147 | spell | spelt; spelled | spelt; spelled | write, spell a word |
| 148 | spend | spent | spent | waste, drain |
| 149 | spill | spilt | spilt | spill |
| 150 | spin | spun | spun | spin |
| 151 | spit | spat | spat | spit, stick, stick, pro |
| 152 | split | split | split | split, split |
| 153 | spoil | spoilt; spoiled | spoilt; spoiled | spoil, spoil |
| 154 | spread | spread | spread | spread |
| 155 | spring | sprang | sprung | jump, jump |
| 156 | stand | stood | stood | to stand |
| 157 | steal | stole | stolen | steal, steal |
| 158 | stick | stuck | stuck | stick, stick (Xia), stick |
| 159 | sting | stung | stung | sting |
| 160 | stink | stank; stunk | stunk | stink, repel |
| 161 | strew | strewed | strewn; strewed | scatter, scatter, spread |
| 162 | stride | strode | stridden | step |
| 163 | strike | struck | struck | hit, hit, strike |
| 164 | string | strung | strung | tie, pull, string |
| 165 | strive | strove | striven | strive, strive |
| 166 | swear | swore | sworn | swear, swear, swear |
| 167 | sweep | swept | swept | to sweep |
| 168 | swell | swelled | swollen; swelled | swell, swell, swell |
| 169 | swim | swam | swum | to swim |
| 170 | swing | swung | swung | swing (Xia), swing |
| 171 | take | took | taken | take |
| 172 | teach | taught | taught | teach, teach |
| 173 | tear | tore | torn | tear, break-, s-, ot- |
| 174 | tell | told | told | tell, report |
| 175 | think | thought | thought | think |
| 176 | throw | threw | thrown | throw, throw |
| 177 | thrust | thrust | thrust | push, stab, kick, shove |
| 178 | tread | trod | trod; trodden | tread |
| 179 | unbend | unbent | unbent | unbend |
| 180 | undergo | underwent | undergone | test, endure |
| 181 | understand | understood | understood | understand |
| 182 | undertake | undertook | undertaken | undertake, guarantee |
| 183 | upset | upset | upset | overturn, squeeze |
| 184 | wake | woke; waked | woken; waked | wake up, wake up |
| 185 | wear | wore | worn | wear clothes) |
| 186 | weave | wove; weaved | woven; weaved | weave |
| 187 | wed | wed; wedded | wed; wedded | to marry, to marry |
| 188 | weep | wept | wept | cry |
| 189 | will | would | would | want to be |
| 190 | wet | wet; wetted | wet; wetted | soak, you-, pro |
| 191 | win | won | won | win, get |
| 192 | wind | wound | wound | wind up (mechanism), curl |
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