▫ This option is good if you have accumulated money. What is not enough - went and bought. What is difficult - did not do everything, but also went and bought. If he did, then it will be as a voluntary addition. Under such conditions, of course, you can live in the village. A hectare of land can be empty and overgrown with weeds and the place can be used simply for `collecting dandelions`. Patching the roof of the house is not a problem. Pay the master and patch it up. Prepare firewood - asked local residents and prepare. Etc. We will agree for the money. And the owner himself at this time can just watch TV and buy it in the store. It's not a problem to live in the village with money. Except for remote villages, where the neighbor's peasant doesn't need money and the shops are empty. But if you take a hectare without savings or having insufficient savings, then there are many chances that the owner of this hectare will lose weight and run back to the city. Because you have to do everything yourself and cultivate a whole hectare. Yes, and pay taxes. And if you hire assistants, then the money will quickly disappear. And if part of the land is left empty, then you have to make ends meet, while not watching TV, but working in three sweats by hand. In addition, the harvested crop does not guarantee that it will be bought. Therefore, you will have to use it yourself: make various blanks in large quantities. And this is a troublesome business: not to roll up three cans of cucumbers. And the situation will turn out that the owner of a hectare is all at work, without money, without normal things and eats only his own crop. And he does not have to dream of rivers of milk under such conditions. Yes, he will most likely abandon this hectare or sell it to wealthy entrepreneurs who will use this site as a territory for their own enrichment at the expense of cheap labor. And at the same time, there is no guarantee that there will be no hostile competition and the displacement of normal owner-neighbors from their hectare because the cunning entrepreneurs liked the site. Therefore, this version of the family nest looks like a utopia. Another thing is a dacha of 6 acres for urban residents. Although there is almost no income, it is easier to process. It's like your own mini-garden for nature lovers.
▫ Now I'll give you one. Couldn't ... freezes.
▫ Practice. Since the beginning of perestroika, I was forced to survive with my family. I bought in villages and restored two village houses. They were cheap then. within two months we got: a goat, two pigs, two sheep, ducks, chickens. Two stray dogs came to live with us. I used to fish on the pond in winter, and for twenty years now we have been living with my wife in the village. Three children have already grown up and each has a house in the village. I used to make 200 liters of blackthorn wine, which eliminates alcoholism. During this time, no doctors were consulted.
The battle of Stalingrad: how it was
Materials for conversations, reports, messages
for teenagers and young people
(to the 71st anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad)
Dear Colleagues!
The material offered to you contains the most interesting facts, events from our events dedicated to the Battle of Stalingrad. It can be divided into parts, use only the moments you like, supplemented with music, quizzes and contests, etc. In it, in chronology, it is very popular and interesting about the battle.
I did not plan to post this material on my blog specifically, but our recent event with students dedicated to the Battle of Stalingrad upset me very much. Of the entire group of students, no one knew exactly when this battle took place, how long it lasted, and other well-known facts from history. Only one person from the whole group named the dates of the Great Patriotic War! A depressing fact. Of course, after the event, the students answered the quiz questions correctly in chorus, but how long this knowledge will stay in their heads is unknown. I hope that this material will be useful to colleagues in patriotic education adolescents and youth.
Every year on February 2, residents of the Volgograd region celebrate a very significant and memorable date - the anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. The battle that shook the whole world, which was the beginning of the end of Hitlerite Germany. Nowhere else in the world has there been such mass heroism, such a concentration of the spiritual and moral strength of the people. How this battle began, its stages and the people who saved not only Stalingrad, but also the country, the whole world - today we will tell you about it, dear guys. I am not a native of Volgograd, but having been repeatedly on the Mamayev Kurgan, in the panorama "Battle of Stalingrad", meeting at events in the library with participants and witnesses of this battle, listening to their ingenuous, but very scary in their veracity stories and memories, constantly reading everything new, what appears in the press about the Battle of Stalingrad, I feel a great sense of gratitude and sincere admiration for these people, I bow before their courage and fortitude, their optimism and desire to live. Long life - to the few remaining participants of the Battle of Stalingrad and bright memory - to all those who died and died from their wounds.
6 years lasted in the history of mankind Second world War , during which there were many large and important battles, but only one of them in the full sense of the word shook the consciousness of people all over the planet. In the days of February 1943, the Great Victory was won on the banks of the Volga, which marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the war. Since then, the word "Stalingrad" has entered all languages \u200b\u200bof the world and has become a universally recognized symbol of heroism, fortitude and love for their Fatherland.
In due time - not too late and not early -
Winter will come, the earth will freeze.
And you to Mamaev Kurgan
You will come on the second of February.
And there, at that frosty,
At that sacred height
You're on the wing of a white blizzard
Put in red flowers.
And as if for the first time you will notice
What it was, their military path!
February-February, soldier's month -
Blizzard in the face, chest-deep snow.
A hundred years will pass. And a hundred blizzards.
And we are all in debt to them.
February-February. Soldier's month -
carnations are burning in the snow.
(Margarita Agashina)
Today our great-grandfathers remember how it was, and we are talking about their immortal feat. We speak to remember those who defended that line, who defended Russia.
April 5, 1942 Hitlersigned directive No. 41, in which the goal of the German troops was determined - to seize the industrial center - Stalingrad, whose enterprises produced military products (factories "Krasny Oktyabr", "Barrikady", Tractor plant); go to the Volga, sail into the Caspian Sea and as soon as possible get to the Caucasus, where the oil necessary for the front was produced. This the plan for the summer campaign of the Germans in 1942 bore the modest name "Blau" (blue). At a meeting in Poltava on June 1, 1942 at the headquarters of Army Group South Hitler stated: “My main idea is to occupy the Caucasus region, possibly by crushing the Russian forces thoroughly. If I do not get oil from Maikop and Grozny, I will have to end the war " .
Capture of Stalingrad as a major industrial center and an important communications hub was of decisive importance for the Nazis. For them, it was not just a military-political and economic center.By winning here, they could gain the advantage they needed to continue the war successfully. "We will storm Stalingrad and take it!" - Hitler boastfully repeated. He perfectly understood that this symbolic city bearing the name of Stalin plays a key role in the consciousness of the Soviet people.
On June 19, 1942, a lost German command plane "Storh", In which was Major Reichel, an officer of the German General Staff. In violation of all instructions, his portfolio was filled with maps and documents, from which the intentions of the Germans were clear - to conduct a summer campaign in southern Russia. Implement this plan Hitler planned with the forces of the 6th Paulus Field Army in just one week - by July 25, 1942.
German 6th Field Army Model 1940 to September 1942g is the dream come true of the German Wehrmacht, then the most perfect army in the world, with which, according to Hitler, "it was possible to storm the sky". She conquered a number of European capitals - Brussels (Belgium), Paris (France). On Eastern Front she achieved a significant victory near Kharkov, having carried out "Cauldron" for the Russian troops in the summer of 1942 (240 thousand prisoners). Only 22 thousand Russian soldiers left the "cauldron". Commander of the German 6th Army Lieutenant General tank troops Friedrich Wilhelm Paulus, after a brilliant victory at Kharkov, became a national hero of Germany, he was the actual author of the entire plan for a war with Russia, "Barbarossa". He was one of the best military minds in Germany at the time.
By the middle of the summer of 1942, the greatest battle in the history of the war unfolded between the Volga and Don rivers.It is called the battle of the century, the turning point in World War II. By its scale, fierceness of battles, by the number of people involved and military equipment, it was unmatched, surpassed at that time all battles of world history. The battle unfolded over a vast area of \u200b\u200b100 thousand square meters. kilometers. Military historians claim that at certain stages of this battle, more than 2 million people participated simultaneously from both sides! How does Waterloo compare to this! Only in the battles for "Pavlov's House" (58 days) did Hitler's troops suffer significantly more losses than in the capture of some European capitals! The battle on the Volga is unmatched in human history! This battle unprecedented in history lasted 200 days and 200 nights (6.5 months)!
Sergei Orlov, front-line poetwrote:
Open to the steppe wind
Broken houses stand.
Sixty-two kilometers
Stalingrad will be stretched out in length.
As if he were blue along the Volga
Turned around in a chain, took a fight,
He stood at the front across Russia -
And he covered it all up with himself!
12 July 1942 by the decision of the Headquarters of the Supreme Command was the Stalingrad Front was created. He was appointed commander Marshal of the USSR Timoshenko, and since August 1942 - Colonel-General Eremenko.
On July 14, 1942, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Stalingrad region was declared a state of siege.
July 17, 1942 became the START BEGINNING DAY
LINGRAD BATTLE.
This battle is usually divided by Russian historians into defensive and offensive stages. Defensive stage - from July 17 to November 19, 1942. From November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943 - the 2nd, offensive stage of the Battle of Stalingrad.
Fights in the city streets
The fierce struggle for the possession of Stalingrad (until 1925 - Tsaritsyn) became the central event of the first, defensive stage, and of the entire battle. A participant in this bloody battle for and the possession of the city became its population, which by that time totaled more than 900 thousand inhabitants, moreover, about half of the townspeople were refugees from various places in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic states, including 50 thousand people who arrived here from besieged Leningrad.
The Battle of Stalingrad began in a large bend of the Don, on the distant approaches to Stalingrad. The advance units of the German troops reached the Chir River and entered into battle with units of our 62nd Army. From the side of the Germans were put forward: 14 divisions - 270 thousand soldiers and officers, 3 thousand guns, 500 tanks, 1200 aircraft. From the side soviet troops: 12 divisions - 160 thousand people, 2200 guns, 400 tanks, and a total of 454 aircraft.
Attack of the marines during the defense of Stalingrad
The first to meet the enemy were the Kletsky, Surovikinsky, Serafimovichsky, Chernyshkovsky districts of our region... The battle on the western bank of the Don lasted for about 3 weeks on the line Kletskaya - Surovikino - Suvorovskaya... The lightning operation failed, and the fighting became protracted. Only the creation of double numerical superiority helped the enemy achieve success.– our troops retreated beyond the Don. If the Nazis broke through to the Volga - it would be a terrible, irreparable blow for our entire country... therefore On July 28, 1942, the order of the People's Commissar of Defense No. 227 was issued with the demand: "Not a step back!"This was perhaps the harshest order of the entire war. It spoke of the complete mobilization of forces to repel the enemy.
By August 20, 1942, the Germans managed to cross the Don, and on August 23, by 4:00 pm, the Germans broke through to the Volga near the northern outskirts of Stalingrad, in the Latoshinka area. August 23, 1942 became the most terrible day for our soldiers and the population of Stalingrad. It is called the "Day of the Stalingrad catastrophe". Information about this day was only recently declassified. If until this day the city lived its own ordinary life - shops, factories, theaters, cinemas worked, trams went, kids ran through the streets, played football and war, then in a few hours Stalingrad was razed to the ground.
At 16 hours 18 minutes, atfulfilling Hitler's order, the Nazis subjected Stalingrad to a massive bombardment: hundreds of aircraft launched a bombing strike of enormous power, during the day 2000 enemy sorties were made. The bombing continued for several days without interruption.
From the memoirs of an eyewitness: “It was scary to look at what was happening. They dropped not only small fragmentation bombs, but also bombs of half and a ton in weight, so that the earth soared and walked shaking, as in an earthquake. In addition to intimidation bombs, the Germans dropped rails, iron tractor wheels, harrows, sheets of boiler iron, barrels with holes, and all this flew from the sky into the city with a wild howl, rattle and clang. German planes, entering the peak, turned on powerful sirens, and from these hellish sounds the soul was ready to jump out of the body. "
The whole city was on fire: buildings, oil storage facilities were burning, asphalt melted. Flaming oil spilled over the water. It seemed that everything was engulfed in flames and burned - even the Volga itself. Commander A.M. Eremenko told: "I had to go through and see a lot on the military roads, but what I saw on August 23 in Stalingrad amazed me."
The Nazis broke through to the Volga River north of Stalingrad, tried to rush to the city, but the Stalingradians bravely repulsed their attacks.
From the memories of the Hero Soviet Union General of the Army Lyashchenko: “The episode on the anti-aircraft battery will never be forgotten. I was driving an armored car to the defensive line. I drove out to a high-rise, I heard gunfire and an unforgettable picture opened up in front of me. A group of fascist tanks (about 10) broke through and rushed to the anti-aircraft battery. The battery opened fire on them. One, second and third enemy tank caught fire. The Nazis stopped and turned back. I drove up to this battery and was amazed: the whole composition of the battery was girls of 18-20 years old and only one man, the chief of the battery. "
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel-General Alexander Rodimtsev described those August days as follows: « The city resembled pitch hell. The flames of the fires rose several hundred meters. Clouds of smoke and dust stung his eyes. Buildings collapsed, walls fell, iron was warped. " Eyewitnesses testified: “Stalingrad flared up, the Volga flared up from the burning spilled oil. The wounded in hospitals jumped out of the windows to escape. Mothers and babies in maternity hospitals writhed and burned. The stones melted like wax, and the clothes on the people running through the streets flashed from the unbearable heat " . Fierce fighting in the city itself lasted more than two months. AT military history before Stalingrad, such stubborn city battles were not known... For every house. For each floor or basement. For every wall.
Fire and snow, dust and leaden hail
Formidable Stalingrad will not forget!
For the first time, the enemy used the tactics of carpet bombing of the city. From August 28 to September 14, 1942, 50 thousand bombs weighing from 50 to 1000 kilograms were dropped on Stalingrad.For every square kilometer of Stalingrad land, there were up to 5 thousand bombs and large-caliber fragments. No city in the world could withstand such a firestorm.
On August 25, 1942, a state of siege was introduced in Stalingrad. Under the siege of the city the release of weapons for the front was accelerated (on the night of August 23-24 alone, more than 100 tanks were produced). The construction of barricades and anti-tank obstacles on the streets of the city began. Trams ran in the city until August 23, the Stalingrad State District Power Plant operated until September 5, 1942, when German aviation destroyed the station, and the Barricades assembled guns and mortars until September 14, 1942, until the entire stock of parts was used.
The Germans bombed and bombed the city and the crossings. As a result of the bombing, oil flowed into the Volga and burned on its surface. In such conditions, river workers, sailors and home front workers in just 20 days - from August 24 to September 14, 1942, they managed to transport up to 300 thousand people and a large amount of factory equipment across the Volga (from that side they transported food and weapons).
Museum-panorama "Battle of Stalingrad"
Barbaric bombing and tank attacks did not break the resistance of the defenders of Stalingrad. In September 1942, the front ran in a winding line through the streets, squares and quarters of the destroyed city. In some areas, this line ran only 30-50 meters from the Volga. There were battles for every street, every house, for every basement.
In military history, such stubborn urban battles are almost unknown.It was decided to keep the city at any cost. Stalin's order of October 5, 1942 read: "Stalingrad must not be surrendered to the enemy."
In the appeal of the Stalingrad City Defense Committeeto the inhabitants of the city it was said: “Dear comrades! Dear Stalingraders! We will not give up hometown, home, family. We will cover all the streets of the city with impassable barricades. We will make every house, every quarter, every street an impregnable fortress. "
The Stalingradians could not remain indifferent. Up to 50 thousand workers joined the people's militia.Most had only three lines in their hands, but the determination to destroy the enemy was unshakable.
“The factories have entered the front line, they are under fire, - writes Evgeny Krieger in the story "The Fire of Stalingrad".Nobody leaves, nobody puts out stoves where they might still be standing. They worked for 24 hours under bombing and many were injured; the plant suffered losses like a front and fought like a front. A day later, the people standing at the machines threw 200 assembled, serviceable guns on the line of defense. The workers themselves dragged them into battle. There were not enough gun crews, and the former gunsmiths went to firing positions and fired from their own cannons. The battle is taking place in basements, in stairwells, in ravines, on high mounds, on rooftops, in courtyards - the war in Stalingrad is closely related. The Germans are chasing division after division; divisions come and die. And the city stands - in ruins, in ashes - but alive! It stands like a wall on the other side, and behind it is the Volga ... No forts, no concrete shelters. The line of defense runs through vacant lots and courtyards, where the hostesses hung up the laundry; through a now deserted square with asphalt uprooted by shells; through the factory area; through the garden where lovers whispered on the benches this summer. The city of the world has become a city of battle. The line of defense runs through the hearts here. "
On September 14, 1942, Berlin radio even announced to the whole world about the conquest of Stalingrad, one of the two cities - symbols of the nation of that time, and about the dismemberment of Russia into two halves. The Germans rushed to wishful thinking. In the very last moments before the complete surrender of the city, battalions of the 13th Guards Rifle Division of Major General Alexander Ilyich Rodimtsev appeared in its Volga ruins. They urgently crossed from the left bank of the Volga to the right. Out of 10 thousand fighters, about 6 thousand remained, the rest drowned, were killed. On the move, engaging in battle, they knocked out the enemy from the city center and Mamayev Kurgan. The battles were fierce, the streets and squares of the city became places of continuous battles that did not subside until the end of the battle. The central station of the city 13 times in one week passed to our, then to the enemies.
Mamayev Kurgan (height 102.0 on military maps) became the site of the most bloody and fierce battles in Stalingrad: for each square meter land accounted for from 500 to 1250 fragments. According to poet R. Rozhdestvensky, there is more metal in Kurgan than in the famous Magnetic Mountain! The Mamayev Kurgan was of great strategic importance: from its top, the adjacent territory, the crossing over the Volga, could be clearly seen and shot through. In mid-September 1942, Mamayev Kurgan passed from hand to hand several times. The Nazis stormed it 10-12 times a day, but, losing people and equipment, they could not capture the entire territory of the mound.
Burnt, pitted with deep craters, bunkers, covered with shrapnel from bombs and shells, the mound even in winter turned black like charred. This is a place of huge human losses ... and unparalleled courage and heroism of Soviet soldiers. It was he who became a key position in the struggle for the Volga banks.
So, on June 23, 1942, at a high-rise near the Kalmykov farm near Stalingrad, repelling the attack of the Nazis, Pyotr Boloto knocked out 8 German tanks. For this feat, he was awarded rank of Hero of the Soviet Union - one of the first heroes in the Battle of Stalingrad.
In mid-September 1942, fromthe threat of an enemy breakthrough to the Volga was created in the area of \u200b\u200bthe square named after January 9. It was decided to turn 2 four-storey buildings located in parallel on the square into strongholds, sending two groups of fighters there. One group was commanded by Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, the other - by Lieutenant Nikolai Zabolotny. Both groups drove the Germans out of their homes and established themselves there. These points of defense entered the history of the Battle of Stalingrad precisely as "Pavlov's house" and "Zabolotny's house".
When on Mamayev Kurganat the most intense moment of the battle, communication was cut off, private signalman of the 308th Infantry Division Matvey Putilov went to eliminate the break in the wire.During the restoration of the damaged communication line, both hands were shattered by mine fragments. Losing consciousness, he gripped the ends of the wire with his teeth. The connection was restored. For this feat, Matvey Putilov was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree. His communication coil was transferred to the best signalmen of the 308th division.
During the days of the Battle of Stalingrad former sailor of the Pacific Fleet Vasily Zaitsev showed outstanding sniper abilities... Only in street fights did he bring his personal score to 240, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.German fascist command delivered to Stalingrad the head of the Berlin school of snipers, Major Kenings, to destroy Zaitsev. But he was soon shot by a famous Soviet sniper.
Mikhail Panikakha - fighter of the 1st company of the 193rd rifle division. A bottle of flammable liquid he raised on an enemy tank ignited from a bullet hit. Then he, engulfed in flames, rushed to the German car and destroyed the enemy tank with its crew.
It is known that more than 20 crews of pilots - participants in the Battle of Stalingrad - repeated the feat of Nikolai Gastello.
The history of the Battle of Stalingrad keeps many names of women-nurses, signalmen - with a heroic and tragic fate.
In cold water on the crossing of our troops to the right bank of the Volga in the fall of 1942 assisted the wounded and rescued the drowning under continuous bombardment Lyudmila Rodionova... In one of the battles, she was seriously wounded in the head, survived and returned to duty.
420 wounded were carried from the battlefield by Maria Kukharskaya... In attacks, she walked behind the fighters in order to see them. They sacredly believed in her. They knew that he would not overlook one, not leave one.
Nurse Masha Melikhova not only did dressings. She gave her blood to the seriously wounded. This mercy, participation, compassion increased the strength of the soldiers tenfold and was a real feat. Every day was filled with groans and crying, pain and horror, blood and despair. And every minute there was a struggle of these "sisters" for the most precious thing - for human life.
Medical instructor from the 214th rifle division Marionella Koroleva (and among relatives - Gulya) from the first days of the war fought at the front. Near the Panshino farm, by her personal example, she drew the soldiers into the attack, first broke into enemy trenches and destroyed 15 fascist soldiers... Mortally wounded, until her last breath, she did not let go of the weapon - and continued to shoot at the enemy.
The war has become a common test for both the adult population of our country and children. They matured early. Like their fathers, they defended their homeland.
The youngest defender of the city was Seryozha Aleshkov... This a six-year-old orphan boy helped as best he could to the soldiers of the 142nd regiment of the 47th Guards Rifle Division.And he even saved the life of his commander by calling for help in time.
A "barefoot garrison" was operating in the Verbovka farm, which was captured by the Nazis. This detachment consisted of adolescents 10-14 years old. There were 20 of them, and they fearlessly acted against the enemy, sowing panic among the invaders. The boys were seized and brutally tortured, and then shot in front of the farmers.
By November 1942, the Nazis had razed Stalingrad to the ground. But they failed to break the resistance of the Stalingrad people. For three monthsHaving seized part of the Stalingrad land and established a "new order" on it, the Nazis managed to hang 108, shoot 1744, subject 1593 Soviet patriots to violence and torture, and drive tens of thousands of people to Germany for forced labor. The occupiers did not spare anyone. No old man. Not a woman. Not a child. They killed everyone.
Of the 7 districts of Stalingrad, the Germans captured six (except for the Kirovsky district)... They carried out repressions against Jews, communists, partisans. Of the 900 thousand inhabitants by the beginning of the battle by the end of it, 7 thousand remained (based on materials documentary "Undefeated)."
"Stand and Win!" - this laconic commandment firmly, like an unbreakable oath, entered the consciousness of the defenders of the Volga stronghold.
Everything that you defended in the trenches
Or they returned, throwing themselves into a breakthrough,
We have been bequeathed to protect and protect,
Putting only lives.
What names are not on the gravestones
All the tribes were sons.
There are millions of them - unforgotten
From the unknown to the famous
Slay which the years are not free
There are millions of them - unforgotten
Those killed who did not return from the war.
It was during difficult retreats and defense that the Soviet leadership had an unexpected plan - to strike from the flanks at the German "wedge" advancing on Stalingrad. There were troops of the German allies - Italians, Romanians, Hungarians, who were weaker armed, and their morale was not as high as that of the Germans.
On November 13, 1942, the plan for the counter-offensive operation of the Red Army under the code name "Uranus" was considered and approved, which was developed under the leadership of Marshal G.K. Zhukov. Within two months, huge masses of Soviet troops and equipment were transferred to Stalingrad in the deepest secrecy.
On November 19, 1942, the counter-offensive of the Southwestern, Don and Stalingrad fronts began. On the fifth day of the offensive, as a result of intense battles, on November 23, Soviet troops completed the encirclement of the enemy's Stalingrad group. It was a stunning success! The headquarters of the German 6th Field Army, 5 German corps of 20 divisions, 2 Romanian divisions, numerous rear units and institutions were surrounded, numbering about 300 thousand people. There were fierce battles. The Germans wanted to free their own from the encirclement ring. But our troops, despite the severe frost and blizzard, stubbornly and swiftly destroyed the enemy from the ground and from the air. From Hitler's radiogram to the 6th Army headquarters: "The troops of the 6th Army, surrounded in Stalingrad, will henceforth be called the troops of the Stalingrad fortress." Hitler reiterated the order to hold Stalingrad again and again - at any cost. From this depended, in his opinion, the fate of the entire Eastern Front .
From Paulus' report to Manstein: “There are no reserves and there is nothing to create them from. Large losses and poor supplies, as well as frosts, significantly reduced the combat effectiveness of the troops. If the enemy attacks continue with the same force for several more days, it will be impossible to hold the fortified line. "
From the letters of the German soldiers:
"Dear Parents! It's New Years Eve, I'm thinking about home, and my heart breaks. So everything is bad and hopeless here ... Hunger, hunger, hunger, and besides, lice and dirt. Day and night we are bombed by Soviet pilots, and the artillery fire almost never stops. If a miracle does not happen soon, I will die here.
Sometimes I pray, sometimes I curse fate. At the same time, everything seems to me senseless and blind. When and how will deliverance come? How can a man bear such a thing? Or is all this suffering a commandment from God?
“... I am sitting here now, unwashed and unshaven, like a pig ... Your Nis.” “What a trashy situation we are in here, in the Stalingrad fortress. Seeing me, they would be very surprised at my appearance, I lost so much weight that I looked like a half-starved dog. The powers that I once had are gone. If you run 3-4 meters, then you stumble over every small stone, you would hardly recognize me. I still have old Rodrich inside. Changed only outwardly. And this, in the end, is understandable: 20 grams of bread, 37 grams of meat and 50 grams of butter - this is our daily diet. "
10 january after a powerful artillery and air preparation, the troops of the Don Front went over to the offensive. Operation Ring began.Our troops had to cut the surrounded enemy grouping into parts, and then destroy them.
From the memoirs of the soldier Valery Lyalin:“At the end of January 1943, in a stalemate from hunger, frost and lack of ammunition, being subjected to constant shelling and bombing, the Germans began to surrender in thousands. And on January 31, the entire headquarters of the Sixth German Army, headed by Field Marshal Paulus, was taken prisoner.
I stood on the Mamaev Kurgan, looked at the destroyed and burned city and thought: "Field, field, who covered you with dead bones?" And below, to the Volga, where they were striving so hard, the escorts were leading hundreds of thousands of German prisoners. It was terrifying to look at them: they were poorly dressed in the bitter frost, torn off, exhausted and frostbitten. " . The enemy has never experienced such a defeat since the beginning of World War II. A fourth of all their forces operating at that time on the Soviet-German front were lost by the Nazis at Stalingrad.
"The Soviet strategy turned out to be superior to ours ... The best proof of this is the outcome of the battle on the Volga, as a result of which I was captured." (Friedrich Paulus, German Field Marshal ).
The Nazis did not recover from the defeat at Stalingrad. Their total losses in killed, wounded and prisoners amounted to about 1.5 million people, in connection with which, for the first time in the war years, national mourning was declared in Germany.
The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain appeals to people: The myth of Germany's invincibility has come to an end. But Stalingrad also won the victory at a high price. He presented a terrible picture after the battle. The ruins stretched for 40 kilometers. The tornado of war destroyed 90% of the housing stock. None of the 126 enterprises survived. Human losses are irreplaceable.
Our soldiers, having liberated Stalingrad, defeated 2 German, 2 Romanian, 1 Italian armies; took prisoner 113 thousand soldiers and officers, 24 fascist generals.
The country highly appreciated the feat of its heroes. Tens of thousands of soldiers and officers were awarded state awards. The 112 most distinguished ones were awarded the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union. More than 750 thousand participants in the battle were awarded the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad".
Event dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad
goal : to contribute to the education of feelings of love and pride for the native land, the Motherland, the great people;
to expand the students' understanding of the Great Victory at Stalingrad;
foster a respectful attitude towards the older generation;
to show the courage of Russian soldiers and the cruelty of the war, to develop a sense of patriotism, to foster respect for the history of the country, the traditions of the school, and the fulfillment of civic duties.
Equipment : multimedia computer;photographs of military Stalingrad; songs about war; presentation.
Event progress :
Good afternoon! Our event is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the end of the Battle of Stalingrad.
Levitan's words about the end of the Battle of Stalingrad
Lead 2. The Battle of Stalingrad is the decisive battle of the entire Second World War, in which the Soviet troops won the largest victory. This battle marked the beginning of a radical turning point in the course of World War II and World War II in general. The victorious offensive of the German fascist troops ended and their expulsion from the territory of the Soviet Union began.
The city of Stalingrad (until 1925 - Tsaritsyn) was founded in the 16th century. Now the city has been renamed Volgograd.
On the eve of the war, Stalingrad was the largest industrial and cultural center of the country with a population of half a million. The strategic importance of Stalingrad was determined by two important factors: its defense potential and its geographical location. A tractor plant, famous in the 30s, worked in the city, which gave the country 50% of tractors. In 1940, the production of T-34 tanks began on its basis. The products of the Krasny Oktyabr and Barrikady factories were of great defense importance. Having seized Stalingrad, the Germans got access to the Caucasus, the Near and Middle East, and therefore to unlimited oil reserves. For the USSR, the loss of Stalingrad meant an inevitable collapse, since this would deprive the army and industry of the main sources of oil. Hitler planned to capture the city in 2 weeks, but the Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943)
Our people remember those 200 days and nights that seemed endless.
It was very clear to everyone that Stalingrad was the last frontier. And this line cannot be surrendered.
Watching the video clip “The Battle of Stalingrad. Chronicle of battles " (up to 7:10 min.)
Open to the steppe wind
The broken houses stand.
Sixty-two kilometers
Stalingrad will be stretched out in length.
As if he were on the blue Volga
He turned around in a chain, took the fight.
He stood up front across Russia–
And he covered it all up with himself.
In the heat of factories, houses, station,
Dust on the steep bank.
The voice of the Fatherland told him:
- Do not hand over the city to the enemy!
And that order "Back - not a step!" -
Harsh military order
Instilled courage in the hearts of people,
That the Victory hour is not far.
Lead 2. The victory of Soviet troops at Stalingrad had a tremendous stimulating effect on the national liberation movements of the peoples of those countries that were occupied by the troops of Germany and its allies. In the days of February 1943 on the banks of the Volga was won a great victory, which marked the beginning of a radical change in the war. Since then, the word "Stalingrad" has entered all languages \u200b\u200bof the world and has become a universally recognized symbol of heroism, extraordinary fortitude and selfless love for their Fatherland.
Pupil
We fell asleep thinking about you.
At dawn we turned on the loudspeaker
To hear about your destiny.
Our morning began with you.
In the worries of the day dozens of times in a row,
Gritting my teeth, holding my breath,
We confirmed:
- Take heart, Stalingrad! -
Your suffering went through our heart.
It ran hot through our blood
The stream of your unthinkable fires.
We so wanted to be shoulder to shoulder
And take on yourself at least some of the blows!
Song-Video "Stalingrad"
Lead 1. The most difficult day for the Stalingrad people was August 23, 1942. At three o'clock in the afternoon, hundreds of enemy heavy bombers appeared over the central part of the city. In just two hours in the afternoon, enemy aircraft made about two thousand sorties. The Germans dropped either incendiary or heavy high-explosive bombs. Huge hell. The smoke of the conflagration covered the midday sun. Explosions of terrible power shook the air. Residential buildings, neighborhoods were burning, schools, hospitals and hospitals collapsed like cards. Groans and cries of the wounded were heard from everywhere. The city was turned into ruins. Killed from above40 thousand civilians. Not only buildings were on fire, the earth and the Volga were on fire. The heat was so hot in the streets from the fires that the clothes of the people who fled for shelter caught fire. August 23, 1942 is the most mournful date in the history of Stalingrad. Fascist generals were ordered to wipe out the city on the Volga. The history of the war did not know such a fierce battle.
Leading The soldiers of Stalingrad withstood such an onslaught of the enemy, which has never been experienced by any army in the world. Together with the soldiers, the city was defended by all its inhabitants. At the tractor factory, women assembled tanks, which were sent straight off the assembly line to the battlefield.
The battles here were fierce, they fought for every street, for every house. The wounded were transported to the other side of the Volga by boats, cutters, and longboats. When the wounded who had been brought back were asked what was going on in the city, they answered: “Everything is on fire: houses, factories, land. The metal is melting. " "And the people?" - “People? They stand to death!
The whole country lived for these long months with events, battles in Stalingrad. Our soldiers did not surrender a single street, not a single house to the enemy without a fight.
The earth has not seen since birth
No siege, no such battle
The earth trembled, and the fields blushed,
Everything was burning over the Volga River.
In the heat of factories, houses, station,
Dust on the steep bank.
"Do not hand over the city to the enemy!"
Loyal to the oath russian soldier,
He defended Stalingrad.
The time will come - the smoke will clear
The war thunder will cease
Taking off his hat when meeting him,
The people will say about him:
This is an iron Russian soldier
He defended Stalingrad.
Leading: An example of courage is the still standing house of Pavlov, the soldiers who never left it until the city was completely liberated.
The house in the area of \u200b\u200bthe square named after January 9 (now - Lenin Square) occupied a dominant position over the surrounding area. From here it was possible to observe and shell the part of the city occupied by the enemy to the west up to 1 km, and to the north and south - even further. A small group of soldiers led by Sergeant Yakov Pavlov seized the house and turned it into a stronghold. The Nazis subjected the house to devastating artillery and mortar shelling, bombed it from the air, continuously attacked, but its defenders staunchly repelled countless enemy attacks for 58 days and nights, inflicted losses on it and did not allow the Nazis to break through to the Volga in this sector. "This small group, - notes Marshal Chuikov, - defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost in the capture of Paris."
Why is everything wrong?
It seems - everything is, as always:
The same sky is blue again
The same forest
The same air
the same water
Only he did not return from the battle.
The song "The Never Returned Soldier"
The students read an excerpt from the letters of the German soldiers:
Leading: The Germans themselves spoke of the courage of our defenders. Extract from the diary of a Nazi killed at Stalingrad: “... We only need to walk one kilometer to the Volga, but we just can't get through it. We are fighting for this kilometer longer than for all of France, but the Russians are standing like boulders.
Reader 1. And here is an extract from the diary of Wilhelm Hoffmann:
“September 1: Are the Russians really going to fight on the very bank of the Volga? This is crazy!
October 27: Russians are not people, but some kind of iron creatures. They never get tired and are not afraid of fire ...
Reader 2.
From a letter from the soldier Reffert to his wife. 29.XII.1942
"... Above many, who last year did not think about death, stands today a wooden cross. During this year, many people have lost their lives. In 1943 it will be even worse. If the situation does not change and the encirclement is not broken through then we will all die of hunger.
Reader 3. From a letter from non-commissioned officer Georg Krieger to the bride. November 30, 1942
"... We are in a rather difficult situation. It turns out that the Russian also knows how to wage war, this was proved by the great chess move that he made in recent days, and he did it with the forces of not a regiment or division, but much larger ones .. . "
The Battle of Stalingrad is one of the heroic pages in the history of our people. In the fierce battle, the people showed personal and collective heroism. Mass heroism confused the enemy. The Germans did not understand its reasons, its roots, origins. The exploits of ordinary Russian soldiers frightened the enemy, instilled in him a sense of fear. Reading the pages of history, getting acquainted with the exploits of people, one is amazed at their dedication, strength, will, courage. What drove their actions? Love for the Motherland, striving for a bright future, a sense of duty, an example of comrades who fought shoulder to shoulder? ..
4 reciter: Heroic feat similar to feat fairytale hero Danko, who burned his heart for the sake of the happiness of people, was made here by the military sailor Mikhail Panikakha. On September 28, while repelling an enemy attack near the village of Krasny Oktyabr, he used up all the grenades and, grabbing a bottle with a combustible mixture, swung to throw it into a fascist tank. And at that moment the bottle was broken by a fascist bullet. The sailor flashed like a living torch and, in front of the amazed comrades, rushed towards the enemy vehicle. He managed to grab a second bottle and threw it onto the motor's grate. A huge burst of fire and smoke consumed him. Mikhail burned out. With his body, he covered the enemy machine gun and saved the lives of his comrades, who then took possession of the pillbox and destroyed 20 Nazis in a fierce battle.
2 reader: One of the many examples of the iron fortitude and mass heroism of the defenders of Stalingrad was the immortal feat of 33 soldiers of the 1379th rifle regiment of the 87th rifle division. They were armed with machine guns and rifles, they had grenades and bottles with a combustible mixture, they had only one anti-tank gun and 20 rounds for it. And against them was attacked by a battalion of infantry and 70 tanks.
For several hours this handful of people, led by political instructor A. Eftifeev and junior political instructor D. Kovalev, repulsed the fierce attacks of the enemy. Having lost 150 killed, leaving 27 destroyed tanks on the battlefield, the enemy retreated! ...
Lead 1. On November 23, the troops of the Stalingrad and Southwestern Fronts joined up at the village of Sovetsky, 18 km from Kalach. A fascist grouping with a total number of 330 thousand people was surrounded.
Operation "Ring" - The Hitlerite command strove to save the troops encircled at Stalingrad from defeat by a blow from the outside. Army Group Don is hastily formed under the command of General Manstein. The operation to destroy the encircled group, which received the code name "Ring", was entirely assigned to the Don Front. On January 27, the Don Front began to eliminate the enemy. Field Marshal Paulus was taken prisoner along with his staff. The enemy's southern grouping ceased resistance, while the Northern grouping continued to resist until February 2. The Battle of Stalingrad ended with a brilliant victory for the Soviet troops. It marked the beginning of a radical change in the Great Patriotic War.
Lead 2. Stalingrad has forever entered the consciousness of mankind as a symbol of the unyielding will, courage and courage of Soviet soldiers. We, who are now living, and our descendants will bow our heads with gratitude before the memory of those who defended Stalingrad at the cost of their own lives, proved their love and devotion to the Motherland.
The eternal flame on the Square of the Fallen Fighters was lit on February 1, 1963 on the eve of the 20th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad. In 1967, a monument was unveiled on the Mamayev Kurgan. The grandiose 52-meter sculpture "Motherland", as conceived by the sculptor Vuchetich, raises the sword of liberation in Stalingrad. There is also a mass grave in which soldiers of 13 divisions who died in the battles for Stalingrad are buried.
Pupil
In due time - not too late and not early -
Winter will come, the earth will freeze.
And you to Mamaev Kurgan
You will come on the second of February.
And there, at that frosty,
At that sacred height
You're on the wing of a white blizzard
Put in red flowers.
And as if for the first time you will notice
What it was, their military path!
February - February, soldier's month -
Blizzard in the face, chest-deep snow.
A hundred years will pass. And a hundred blizzards.
And we are all in debt to them.
February - February. Soldier's month -
Carnations are burning in the snow.
Lead 1. Battle for Mamayev Kurgan lasted 135 days out of all 200 days Stalingrad battle ... The slopes of the mound were pitted with bombs and mines - even on snowy days it remained black. The snow here instantly melted, mixing with the ground from the artillery fire. The density of fire here was colossal: there were from 500 to 1250 bullets and fragments per square meter of earth. Upon completion Stalingrad battle on Mamaev Kurgan buried the dead from all over the city. About 34.5 thousand people are buried here. At that time, this place became a real mound, i.e. burial place. It is not surprising that in the first post-war spring, the Mamayev Kurgan did not even turn green - no grass grew on the burnt-out ground.
The song "Silence on the Mamayev Kurgan"
Pupil
And widows do not weep for them,
Someone brings bouquets of flowers to them,
And the eternal flame is lit.
The ground here reared up before,
And now - granite slabs.
There is not a single personal fate here -
All destinies are merged into one.
And in the Eternal Flame, a flared tank is visible,
Burning Russian huts
Burning Smolensk and burning Reichstag,
The burning heart of a soldier.
Mass graves have no widows in tears -
Stronger people come here.
No crosses are placed on mass graves,
But does it make it easier? ..
Leading Defenders of Stalingrad ... "An iron wind beat them in the face, and they all walked forward, and again a feeling of fear gripped the enemy: people went on the attack, are they mortal? .. "
Yes, they were mere mortals, and few of them survived, but they all fulfilled their duty to the sacredMOTHER - NATIVE.
All the heroes cannot be named, but they are remembered. Houses, streets, squares are named after them. In memory of them, the Eternal Flame is lit.
A minute of silence.
Reader.
I've never seen a war
And I can't imagine her horror
But the fact that our world wants silence
Today I understand very clearly.
Thank you for not getting it
Imagine and recognize such torments.
All this fell to your share:
Anxiety, coldness, hunger and separation.
Thank you for the bright light of the sun,
For the joy of life in every moment of ours,
For the trills of the nightingale and for the dawn,
And beyond the fields of blooming daisies.
The song "Let us bow to those great years"
Teacher. At this event, the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad is over. Thank you all for your attention!
February 2, 1943 citizens Soviet Union heard from the Soviet Information Bureau: Today, February 2, 1943, the troops of the Don Front have completely completed the liquidation of the German fascist troops surrounded in the Stalingrad region.
1. Scenario (blog "Bibliomir83")
5. Additional little things on the topic for the presentation design. (dietary supplements blog)
Scenario.
And if we were told: - Live two more lives!
We would both give them, For living to the Fatherland ...
Sl. 1. Screensaver.
One hundred winters will pass.
And a hundred blizzards.
And we are before them
everything is in debt.
February, February.
Soldier's month.
Carnations are burning in the snow.
Sl. 2.
At dawn on June 22, 1941, the German army with all its might fell on Soviet soil. The Great Patriotic War began, the war of the Soviet people against the fascist occupants, which lasted 1418 days and nights. By the middle of the summer of 1942, the battles of the Great Patriotic War reached the Volga.
The beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad can be considered on July 17, when the advance detachments of the 62nd and 64th armies of the Stalingrad Front met with the detachments of the 6th German army near the Chir and Tsimla rivers. Throughout the second half of the summer, there were fierce battles near Stalingrad.
By November, almost the entire city, despite resistance, was captured by the Germans. Only a small strip of land on the banks of the Volga was still held by our troops. But it was too early to declare the capture of Stalingrad, as Hitler did. The Germans did not know that the Soviet command already had a plan to defeat the German troops. The offensive operation "Uranus" was developed by Marshal G.K. Zhukov
Despite the war, the Soviet people were preparing to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of the existence of their state.
And in Stalingrad these days, the soldiers took an oath to defend Stalingrad. It was signed by everyone who held the weapon in their hands. Both a soldier and a general.
In their oath, the front-line soldiers said that, fighting at Stalingrad, they knew that the battle was going on not only for this city.
“At Stalingrad we defend our Motherland, defend everything that is dear to us, without which we cannot live. Here, near Stalingrad, the question is being decided: whether or not the Soviet people should be free. That is why we are straining our strength, this is why we are fighting to the last, because each of us understands that we cannot retreat further ... We swear ... that we will defend Stalingrad to the last drop of blood, to the last breath, to the last heartbeat ... "
Sl. 3.
On February 2, 1943, the citizens of the Soviet Union heard from the Soviet Information Bureau: Today, on February 2, 1943, the troops of the Don Front have completely completed the elimination of the Nazi troops surrounded in the Stalingrad region. Our troops broke the resistance of the enemy, surrounded north of Stalingrad, and forced him to lay down arms. The last center of enemy resistance in the Stalingrad region was crushed. On February 2, the historic battle of Stalingrad ended in complete victory for the Soviet troops.
Sl. 4
What happened then -
Blood flowed like water
But not the Volga, but the violent rapids.
Roll up your sleeves
Impudent pearl horde,
Hiding behind the "tiger" armor
Black and white grin
Someone stood up in full growth,
Baptized with the crossfire.
Who died for us
He forgave us for this,
But he went into immortality without saying goodbye.
He fell on the run
In the red muddy snow
They will bury him on the mound.
Sl. five
February 2nd - Victory in the Battle of Stalingrad!
Kurgan, sculpture of the Motherland, silence ...
And as in a silent ... and black and white, old film
The step of the Descendants is sad ... Heart ... and Soul ...
Veterans, Grandfathers and Fathers are coming ...
And bow to the names of those killed
For what Life after ... Mothers ... Sons ...
Medals are ringing ... Scarlet carnations -
On the marble of Memory from all Living!
And Russian, eternal Sorry ...
On the slope ... in the Temple of All Saints ...
A minute lasts ... to believe in Tears ...
And Life, like Repentance, is long!
And your feat ... of course not to measure ...
All because ... because the Motherland ... One!
Mamaev Kurgan, an upland in the central part of Volgograd (north of the Central Station), dominating the city, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich stubborn battles took place during the Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43. In 1963–67, a monument-ensemble was created on Mamayev Kurgan to commemorate the victory at Stalingrad. In the center of the ensemble is the Motherland Monument (height 52 m). At the foot of the mound there is a monument “To stand to the death”, under it are the ruins of two walls with relief compositions revealing the theme of heroic struggle.
Sl. 6.
Volgograd - Stalingrad,
Souls of the Fallen Soldiers
Everything is on fire - there is simply nowhere to go.
There are simply no awards
There are no awards in the world
What is worthy of the memory of the heart.
Sl. 7
Stalingrad! Stalingrad!
Fight at night and day
Smoke everywhere, burning everywhere,
Blazing with fire
Forty-third year January!
But not a step back
Let's turn back time
Dear Stalingrad,
Let's stand to the death
For you, for you
For you, Stalingrad!
Sl. 8
Volgograd - Stalingrad,
Private and battalion commander
People stand in silence
The cranes will fly by
And the murmur is like a funeral service.
Sl. nine
Under the influence of the Battle of Stalingrad, major changes took place in the international one. A radical change took place during the Second World War. In the battle of Stalingrad Soviet army defeated 5 enemy armies, captured 91 thousand people. But there were also many losses among Soviet soldiers.
The lines fit straight into the notebook ...
Let hundreds of times
Snow will come down from the slopes
All the same, my heart will stop
With this figure - 20 million.
Sl. 10. Roads of war near the Volga river ...
And the results of the Battle of Stalingrad are as follows:
- The defeat of the Wehrmacht at Stalingrad accelerated the disintegration of the Hitlerite coalition: Italy withdrew from it, Hungary, Romania and other allies of Germany were on this path.
- The death of selected troops at Stalingrad caused a decline in the morale of the German population.
- For 200 days of the battle on the Volga, enemy losses in killed, wounded and prisoners amounted to 1.5 mil. man. A three-day mourning period was declared in the country. More and more Germans began to think that the Nazis were leading them to death.
- The victory on the Volga caused an upsurge of the national liberation movement in countries enslaved by the Nazis. In Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland, the struggle against the invaders grew.
- In the Soviet Union, the defeat of the Germans at Stalingrad strengthened the people's faith in victory, gave strength for life in the name of helping the front, gave hope for an end to the war.
- The battle on the Volga demonstrated a high level of military skill and tactical skill of the Red Army and its command, boundless heroism and resilience of its fighters, loyal to the Motherland and people.
- After the Battle of Stalingrad, a new stage of the war began. On all fronts, our troops were advancing to the west, liberating the occupied territories of the Soviet Union and European countries from the fascist aggressors. The outcome of the war was predetermined in our favor.
- The Battle of Stalingrad marked the beginning of a radical change in the course of the war.
Sl. eleven.
For the Soviet Union, which also suffered heavy losses during the battle, the victory at Stalingrad marked the beginning of the country's liberation, and the victorious march through Europe that led to the final defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945.How it was…
The Stalingraders fought for every meter of land, for every destroyed house, while work was in full swing in the rear of the fronts. The counter-offensive has begun!
The enemy was taken in pincers. All the German fascist troops operating at Stalingrad, those that survived the destruction, were taken prisoner, led by their commander-in-chief, Field Marshal Paulus. During the Battle of Stalingrad, which covered an area of \u200b\u200bone hundred thousand square kilometers, Soviet troops utterly defeated five enemy armies - two German, two Romanian and one Italian. The total losses of the Nazi troops here amounted to more than eight hundred thousand people!
These were the most difficult days for the city. There was a battle like history had never known. The Great Battle of Stalingrad ... Millions of people, many thousands of planes, tanks and guns fought a grandiose battle over a vast territory for six and a half months. Having taken Stalingrad, the Nazis intended to enter the rear of Moscow, break through to the Caucasus, seize the passes over the ridge, and seize the Soviet oil-bearing regions. Much, very much promised the Nazis the successful implementation of these plans. But they didn't come true.
Sl. 12
The victory at Stalingrad was all the more significant because now the peoples of the world saw in the Land of Soviets a powerful force capable of ridding humanity of the “brown plague.” The greatness of the Battle of Stalingrad is also recognized by our enemies.
Stalingrad was defended by two armies - the sixty-second of General Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov, he took command in the most fateful hours of the Battle of Stalingrad, and the sixty-fourth of General Mikhail Stepanovich Shumilov. The enemy managed to drive a wedge between them. And then the main blow turned against the sixty-second. The enemy embraced her with a horseshoe and pressed her to the Volga.
And Hitler, meanwhile, hastened to inform the world that Stalingrad had fallen. “The Russian forces are on the verge of exhaustion,” he boasted. "Their resistance is only of local importance." On September 14, targeting the city center, the Nazis brought in a large force of infantry and tanks.
Sl. thirteen
On this difficult day for the city, the Thirteenth Guards Rifle Division was in a hurry to help. And the news that help is close, added strength to those who were bleeding on the right bank of the river.
Hold on! To hold out by all means!
Tracer bullets cut through the sky like endless red-hot strings. Lighting flares - "umbrellas" flare up. They hang motionless in the air. And it becomes clear how fountains of the earth fly up, how clouds of dust swell - shells and mines explode ... A minute passes, then another, and the rocket, as if on reflection, begins to descend smoothly, illuminating everything around with an indifferent bluish light. And black-black shadows, bouncing, scatter from the silent boxes of houses. And again everything was drowning in darkness. Fire raged on the high bank. It was hard to believe that anything alive could remain in this pitch hell, but it only seemed so. There, on the Stalingrad coast, a fierce struggle was going on next to death. Soviet soldiers defended every meter of the earth. On February 2, 1943, the last enemy grouping was eliminated, which is considered the date of the end of the battle. The last torn to pieces German soldiers and officers surrender.
Sl. 14. Sacred stones.
Forty second. Shells, mines.
And the screeching of bombs is heard.
There was a house, like an island in the sea.
Others are erased to the ground.
And a skeleton remained from it.
There are only a handful of soldiers in the basement.
How were people able to withstand?
And their commander is Pavlov,
A little older than them. Sergeant.
Boys. The godchildren of napalm.
The last provisions have expired.
Water drop by drop. But the shells
So far there is to beat the enemy.
Although they knew: they would not give a reward.
And who doesn't care about life?
But the soldiers did not give the house away.
He is a part of the Motherland, the rear.
We can hardly imagine
How difficult September was.
Pavlov's house went down in the history of the war years. And whoever has visited Volgograd, he will definitely come to this place, which has become the embodiment of the unfading glory of the great feat of the people. ... And a hundred and fifty meters from Pavlov's House, closer to the Volga, to this day stands the skeleton of a red brick building, riddled with bullets, mutilated by shells. This is the famous mill, the stronghold of the glorious third battalion. Volgograd residents decided not to restore it. Let the dear ruins forever remain a monument to those terrible days!
And at that time, the Pavlov House, connected by numerous threads with the entire defense of the regiment and division, continued to stand as an impregnable fortress on the Ninth January Square.
Inside this fortress, tense combat life... Every day, every hour was filled with heroic deeds.
Among the ruins of this house and in its basements, secrets were set up - firing points for a heavy machine gun, for a bobik mortar, for a pair of anti-tank rifles and two light machine guns. All this helped to defend Pavlov's House from the south - and in fact from this side, after the Nazis still managed to occupy the house of the military organization, the distance to the enemy did not exceed forty-five meters!
Here is just a small episode of those battles ...
This time the enemy began with "throat reconnaissance" - that is how the Hitlerites' manner of calling each other in the morning was called here. The distance to the military center, where they settled, is short. In calm weather, when there is no big shooting, shouts in broken Russian are clearly audible:
- Hey, Rus, get up, you need to heat the stove!
From Pavlov's House they answer:
- Already flooded, you will soon get Stalingrad dumplings!
The fascists were treated to "dumplings" without stint. They were sent by the mortars of Aleksey Chernushenko.
Sometimes a naive question was heard from the enemy side:
- Rus, how many of you are there?
They were answered:
- A full battalion and even a supplement ...
- Rus, how much bread do they give you a day?
“A loaf for two,” came the answer.
- Changing bread for cartridges ... You have nothing to shoot with ...
- Now you will get it for free! .. - And they opened fire from all machine guns.
During the Battle of Stalingrad, Pavlov's house became the subject of fierce battles. In mid-September 1942, it was decided to turn Pavlov's house into a stronghold: the favorable location of the building made it possible to observe and fire on the territory of the city occupied by the enemies for 1 km to the west and more than 2 km to the north and south. Sergeant Pavlov, together with a group of soldiers, settled in the house - since then, Pavlov's house in Volgograd has taken his name. On the third day, reinforcements arrived at Pavlov's house, delivering weapons, ammunition and machine guns to the soldiers. The defense of the house was improved by mining the approaches to the building: that is why the assault groups of the Germans for a long time could not capture the building. A trench was dug between Pavlov's house in Stalingrad and the Mill building: from the basement of the house, the garrison kept in touch with the command.
On Paulus's personal map, this house was marked as a fortress. The captured German intelligence officers believed that it was defended by a whole battalion. German assault groups sometimes captured the lower floor of the building, but could not capture it entirely. For the Germans it was a mystery how the garrison on the upper floors was supplied.
Of the 26 defenders of Pavlov's house, only three were killed - mortar lieutenant A.N. Chernyshenko, guard sergeant Idel Yakovlevich Khait and private Ivan Timofeevich Svirin.
On November 25, during the attack, Pavlov was wounded in the leg, was lying in the hospital, then was the gunner and the commander of the reconnaissance department. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Star and many medals. On June 27, 1945, Pavlov, who by that time had received an officer rank, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Sl. 15 the living torch
The Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights. One of the terrible days for the residents of the city is August 23, 1942. Then, back in 1942, German military aircraft intended to wipe Stalingrad from the face of the earth. Several thousand bombs were dropped on the houses of the townspeople, destroying most of Stalingrad, killing more than 40 thousand people, thereby turning the city into a huge territory covered with burning ruins.
People did not spare themselves in this war. They fought to the last, performed feats, sacrificing their lives. Such a feat was accomplished by the Red Army soldier Mikhail Panikakha, whose monument is located in the Krasnooktyabrsky district of the city of Volgograd.
Sl. sixteen
Fascist tanks rushed to the positions of the battalion of the marines. Several enemy vehicles moved to the trench in which the sailor Mikhail Panikakha was, firing cannons and machine guns.
Through the roar of shots and the explosions of shells, the clank of the tracks was heard more and more clearly. By this time, Panikakha had already used up all his grenades. He had only two bottles of the combustible mixture left. He leaned out of the trench and swung, aiming the bottle at the nearest tank. At that moment, the bullet broke the bottle raised above his head. The warrior flared up like a living torch. But the hellish pain did not cloud his consciousness. He grabbed the second bottle. The tank was nearby. And everyone saw how the burning man jumped out of the trench, ran close to the Nazi tank and hit the engine hatch with a bottle. An instant - and a huge flash of fire and smoke engulfed the hero along with the fascist car set on fire by him.
He was presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union back in November 1942, but received it only by the decree of the President of the USSR of May 5, 1990, posthumously.
For a long time, there was a memorial sign with a memorial plate at the place of the hero's feat. On May 8, 1975, a monument was erected on this site. Poet Demyan Bedny dedicated poems to the heroic deeds of a soldier.
... He fell, having accomplished his feat,
Our sailor is fighting,
But he fell like a proud winner!
To knock down the flame on the sleeve
Chest, shoulders, head,
Burning torch avenger warrior
I didn't roll on the grass
Seek salvation in the swamp.
He burned the enemy with his fire,
Legends are made about him, -
Our immortal sailor.
Sl. 17. Thank you lad!
During the Great Patriotic War a whole army of boys and girls acted against the Nazi invaders. It was an amazing "move"! Boys and girls did not wait for adults to "call" them - they began to act from the first days of the occupation. They risked mortally! Someone found leaflets scattered from planes and distributed them in their regional center or village. The Polotsk boy Lenya Kosach collected 45 rifles, 2 light machine guns, several baskets of cartridges and grenades on the battlefield and safely hid them all; an opportunity presented itself - passed it on to the partisans. Each,made an unbearable contribution for his age to the overall Victory. The poet dedicated a poem to one of these little heroes.
It was a difficult fight. Everything today, asleep,
And I just can't forgive myself:
From thousands of faces I would recognize a boy
And what is his name, I forgot to ask him.
About ten to twelve years old. Troubled,
Of those that children have leaders,
Of those in the frontline towns
They welcome us as dear guests.
The car is surrounded in parking lots ..
There was a fight for the street. The enemy's fire was terrible
We broke forward to the square.
And he nails - do not look out of the towers, -
And the devil will understand where it hits from.
He nestled, - so many holes,
And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:
Comrade commander, comrade commander!
I know where their gun is. I scouted ...
I was crawling, they are over there in the garden ...
But where, where? .. - Let me go
On the tank with you. I'll give it straight.
Well, no battle awaits. - Get in here, buddy! - +
And so we roll to the place four of us.
Dyachenko Lyudmila Vasilievna teacher of MBOU Novomelovatskaya secondary school of Kalacheyevsky district of Voronezh region Extracurricular activity. Oral journal "Not a Step Back" is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Stalingrad. The purpose and objectives of the event: to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe Battle of Stalingrad, as one of the greatest battles in the Second World War, which marked the beginning of a radical change during the Second World War and was a turning point in the course of World War II as a whole. to acquaint students with the contribution of our people to the victory over fascism in the Second World War, to show examples of mass heroism. talk about patriotism, heroism and the best qualities of warriors of patriots from soldier to marshal. to instill in students a sense of patriotism, devotion and love for their Motherland, respect for war veterans and home front. develop students' cognitive interest in national history. Equipment: multimedia projector, laptop, exhibition of posters "Battle of Stalingrad", videos: "ZemfiraLegend (OST Stalingrad) .mp4"; "Volgograd is a hero city." Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten ... Here Stalingrad was the homeland of everyone! Fearlessly the fighters stood up to defend the Volga region, knowing no obstacles. Iron beat the wind in their face from the darkness, But the soldiers knew: not a step back! And Stalingrad is alive! He repulsed all attacks, In the legends, the famous soldier city! Heroes are immortal, and in honor of their courage the people compose Victory songs! And it grew, as in a fairy tale, on the wide Volga From the ashes, ruins and stood for centuries Our beloved city! .. The banks of the blue-eyed waves blossomed with a green carpet. Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten. Years fly by, but we remember those Who fearlessly stood up in battles to defend Their cities, villages, expanses and rivers! Video clip. ZemfiraLegend (OST Stalingrad) .mp4 200 steps to the top of Mamaev Kurgan are 200 days of fire and nights of heroism, despair, hope and courage. July 17, 1942 to February 2
1943 Combat operations of Soviet troops to defend the city of Stalingrad and defeat a large strategic German grouping in the area between the Don and Volga rivers during the Great Patriotic War. In terms of its scale and fierceness, the Battle of Stalingrad surpassed all previous battles: more than two million people fought on an area of \u200b\u200balmost one hundred thousand square kilometers. The goal of the fascist invaders was to seize an industrial city, whose enterprises produced military products; to reach the Volga, along which in the shortest possible time it was possible to get into the Caspian Sea, to the Caucasus, where the oil necessary for the front was extracted.On August 23, 1942, at 4:18 pm, the forces of the German 4th air fleet began a massive bombardment of Stalingrad. On July 12, the Stalingrad Front was created, commander - Marshal Timoshenko, from July 23 - Lieutenant General Gordov. It included the 62nd Army nominated from the reserve under the command of Major General Kolpakchi, the 63rd, 64th armies, also the 21st, 28th, 38th, 57th combined-arms and 8th air armies of the former South-Western Front, and from July 30 - the 51st Army of the North Caucasian Front ... The Stalingrad front received the task, defending itself in a strip 530 km wide, to stop the enemy's further advance and prevent him from reaching the Volga. By July 17, the Stalingrad Front had 12 divisions (a total of 160,000 men), 2,200 guns and mortars, about 400 tanks, and over 450 aircraft. In addition, 150-200 bombers operated in its strip. long-range aviation and up to 60 fighters of the 102nd Air Defense Aviation Division (Colonel I. I. Krasnoyurchenko). Thus, by the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad, the enemy had an advantage over the Soviet troops in men by 1.7 times, in tanks and artillery by 1.3 times, and in aircraft by more than 2 times. By 23 August 1942, out of 400 thousand inhabitants of Stalingrad were evacuated. By 23 August 1942, out of 400 thousand residents of Stalingrad, about 100 thousand were evacuated. On August 24, the Stalingrad City Defense Committee received about 100 thousand. On August 24, the Stalingrad City Defense Committee adopted a belated decree on the evacuation of women, children and the wounded to the left, a belated decree on the evacuation of women, children and the wounded on the left bank of the Volga. All citizens, including women and children, worked on the Volga bank. All citizens, including women and children, worked to build trenches and other fortifications. construction of trenches and other fortifications. The massive German bombing on 23 August destroyed the city, killed The massive German bombing on 23 August destroyed the city, killed more than 40 thousand people, destroyed more than half of the housing stock of more than 40 thousand people, destroyed more than half of the housing stock of pre-war Stalingrad, thereby turning the city into a huge pre-war Stalingrad. thus turning the city into a huge territory covered with burning ruins. an area covered in burning ruins. A piece of land, it is all soaked in blood. The dense, frozen snow has turned black from the smoke Even accustomed to verbosity, Here a person gets used to silence. Crumpled parapet. Broken bed. Dugout corner. The shells dared everyone. Here death danced, but the bloody piece of native land is dear to us. Step by step for exactly three weeks We crawled upward, knowing no barriers. Even the dead did not want to leave
This hell scorched by lightning. Let it at any cost, but only to get there, Even though the snow is boring, but only to crawl, So that in silence it is scary and cruel to fight, Everything as it is, sweeping away on the way. The company lingered under the attachment fire, But the comrade burst out ahead His chest fell on the embrasure of the pillbox - Immediately the machine gun choked with blood. We have forgotten everything ... We fought mercilessly We carried our anger on the blades of bayonets, Sparing no life to take back the Broken piece of native land. (Vladislav Zanadvorov) Stalingrad was defended by two armies: 64th under the command of Mikhail Stepanovich Shumilov, colonel general, hero of the Soviet Union, 62nd under the command of Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov, Marshal of the Soviet Union, twice hero of the Soviet Union. In the Battle of Stalingrad, two periods are divided: the defensive stage from July 17 to November 18, 1942 and the offensive stage from November 19, 1942 to February 2, 1943. The counteroffensive took place under the code name Operation Uranus, Operation "Urn" Operation "Urn" aa aa - February 2, 1943) - code - code (November 19, 1942 - February 2, 1943) (November 19, 1942 aa aa The name of the Stalingrad strategic offensive operation The name of the Stalingrad strategic offensive operation of the Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War; Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War; the counteroffensive of the troops of three fronts: Southwest (commander - counter-offensive of the troops of three fronts: Southwest (commander General N.F. Vatutin) Donskoy (commanded by General N. Rokossovsky) and Stalingradsky (commanded by General K.K.K.K. Rokossovsky) and Stalingrad (commanded by General A.I. Eremenko) with the aim of encircling and destroying the enemy Eremenko ) with the aim of encircling and destroying the enemy grouping of troops in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Stalingrad. grouping of troops in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Stalingrad. Vatutin) Donskoy (commander - General - General of the South-Western Front: created on October 25, 1942 in the 21, 63 (1st South-Western Front: created on October 25, 1942 in the 21, 63 (1st Guards, then 3rd Guards), 5th Tank and 17th Air Guards, then 3rd Guards), 5th Tank and 17th Air Armies. Subsequently, it consisted of the 5th shock, 6, 12, 46, 57, 62 armies. Subsequently, it consisted of the 5th shock, 6, 12, 46, 57, 62 (8th Guards), 3rd tank and 2nd air armies (8th Guards), 3rd tank and 2nd air armies
Don Front: began its existence on October 1, 1942. At the time of the Don Front: began its existence on October 1, 1942. At the time of the formation of the Don Front, his troops were firmly entrenched at the line in the formation of the Don Front, his troops were firmly entrenched at the line between the Volga and Don rivers and were conducting an active defense. between the Volga and Don rivers and conducted an active defense. Stalingrad Front: formed on July 12, 1942 on the basis of the field command of the troops of the South-Western Front under the command of Marshal of the Soviet Union S.K. Timoshenko. The Battle of Stalingrad provided examples of mass heroism in which best qualities warriors of patriots from soldier to marshal. And over the Volga in the blue sky, Clouds stretch like hills, Behind half of Russia, And at the very edge we are. A sharp wind blew in my face, How salvation was waiting for him, I did not think on a national scale, I am yesterday's schoolboy of everything. Here's a broken overcoat to throw off: It's hot in the middle of the fire ... The Urals and Siberia breathe in my back - And they hope for me. (Mikhail Naiditsch) More than 300 Nazis were killed by Vasily Grigorievich Zaitsev in street battles. He taught many fighters in the art of sniper. Many times he had to engage in single combat with Hitler's snipers, and each time he emerged victorious. He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for accurate fire in Stalingrad. When communication on the Mamayev Kurgan at the most intense moment of the battle was interrupted, an ordinary signalman of the 308th Infantry Division Matvey Putilov went to eliminate the break in the wire. When restoring the damaged communication line, both arms were shattered by mine fragments. Losing consciousness, he gripped the ends of the wire with his teeth. The connection was restored. For this feat, Matvey was posthumously awarded the order World War II degree. Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Commander of the 1st, 64th, and then 62nd Army, took part in defensive battles on the distant approaches to the city.
Pavlov Yakov FedotovichHero of the Soviet Union - the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, the commander of a group of fighters, which in the fall of 1942 defended a 4-storey residential building in Volgograd, in the basement of which there were civilians. The Germans organized attacks several times a day. This house and its defenders have become a symbol of the heroic defense of the city on the Volga. On February 2, 1943, at 4 pm, the historic Battle of Stalingrad ended. On November 10, 1961, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decided to rename the city of Stalingrad to the city of Volgograd. On May 8, 1965, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree approving the Regulation on honorary title, on the same day with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, it was awarded to the city of Volgograd. The main symbol of the Battle of Stalingrad was “Hill 102” Mamayev Kurgan, which during the battle more than once passed from Soviet troops to Germans and back. One of the monumental monuments to the heroes of Stalingrad is the memorial ensemble, the Battle of Stalingrad Museum. The ensemble includes several levels: introductory part, composition "Stand to the death", Wallruins, Heroes' Square, Hall of Military Glory, Sorrow Square, sculpture "Motherland Calls". to November 18, 1942 Under the motto "Not a step back" The Battle of Stalingrad is one of the greatest battles in the Second World War, marked the beginning of a radical turning point during the Second World War and was a turning point in the Second World War as a whole. Victory in this battle ended the victorious offensive of the German fascist troops and began their expulsion from the territory of the Soviet Union. Interest in Stalingrad continues unabated, and the controversy of researchers does not subside. Stalingrad is a city that has become a symbol of suffering and pain, a symbol of the greatest courage. Stalingrad will remain a symbol for centuries in the memory of mankind. Video clip. Volgograd is a hero city. The song "On the Mamayev Kurgan Silence", words by Viktor Bokov, written in 1963. In due time - not too late and not early - winter will come, the earth will freeze. And you to Mamaev Kurgan
you will come on the second of February. And there, at that frosty, at that sacred height, you will put red flowers on the wing of a white blizzard. And as if for the first time you will notice what he was, their military path! February, February, soldier's month - a blizzard in the face, snow to the chest. One hundred winters will pass. And a hundred blizzards. And we are all in debt to them. February, February. Soldier's month. Carnations are burning in the snow. (Margarita Agashina) Sources used. 1.Great Patriotic War: 19411945. Encyclopedia for the student / comp. I.A. Damaskin, P. A. Koshel. M. 2001 2. Reader on the history of the USSR 19171945. Moscow; 1991 3. Danilov A.A., Kosulina L.G. History of Russia Grade 9 Textbook 4. We swear by victory. Poems about the Great World War II... Abramov A. Akatkin A. M .: Det. lit., 1982 5. Internet resources: zanimatika.narod.ru ›Battle of Stalingrad dosugvolgograd.ru http || www.infovolga.ru | school | pioneer | geroi.htm Video. ZemfiraLegend (OST Stalingrad) .mp4
Video clip. Volgograd is a hero city.