Working time is the time during which an employee, in accordance with the internal labor regulations and the terms of the employment contract, must perform labor duties, as well as other periods of time that, in accordance with this Code, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation refer to working hours.
Normal working hours cannot exceed 40 hours per week.
The procedure for calculating the norm of working time for certain calendar periods (month, quarter, year), depending on the established duration of working time per week, is determined by the federal executive body in charge of generating public policy and labor regulations.
(part three was introduced by the Federal Law of 22.07.2008 N 157-FZ)
The employer is obliged to keep records of the time actually worked by each employee.
Article 92. Shorter working hours
Reduced working hours are established:
for employees under the age of sixteen - no more than 24 hours a week;
for employees aged sixteen to eighteen years - no more than 35 hours per week;
for employees who are disabled of I or II groups - no more than 35 hours per week;
for workers engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions - no more than 36 hours a week in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations.
(Part one as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
Working hours of students educational institutions under the age of eighteen, working for school year in free time from studies, may not exceed half of the norms established by part one of this article for persons of the corresponding age.
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
This Code and other federal laws may establish reduced working hours for other categories of workers (pedagogical, medical and other workers).
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
Article 93. Part-time work
By agreement between the employee and the employer, part-time (shift) or part-time work week can be established both upon hiring and subsequently. The employer is obliged to establish a part-time (shift) or part-time working week at the request of a pregnant woman, one of the parents (guardian, trustee) with a child under the age of fourteen (a disabled child under the age of eighteen), as well as a person exercising caring for a sick family member in accordance with a medical certificate issued in the manner established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
When working on a part-time basis, the employee is paid in proportion to the time worked by him or depending on the amount of work performed by him.
Part-time work does not entail for employees any restrictions on the duration of the main annual paid leave, the calculation of seniority and other labor rights.
Article 94. Duration of daily work (shift)
The duration of daily work (shift) cannot exceed:
for employees aged fifteen to sixteen years - 5 hours, aged sixteen to eighteen years - 7 hours;
for students of general education institutions, educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational educationcombining study with work during the academic year, at the age of fourteen to sixteen years - 2.5 hours, at the age of sixteen to eighteen years - 4 hours;
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
for disabled people - in accordance with a medical certificate issued in the manner established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
For workers engaged in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, where a reduced duration of working hours is established, the maximum permissible duration of daily work (shift) cannot exceed:
at 36 hours working week - 8 ocloc'k;
with a 30-hour work week or less - 6 hours.
The collective agreement may provide for an increase in the duration of daily work (shift) in comparison with the duration of daily work (shift) established by the second part of this article for workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, provided that the maximum weekly duration of the worker is observed. time (part one of Article 92 of this Code) and hygienic standards for working conditions established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
(Part three as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
The duration of the daily work (shift) of creative workers of the media, cinematography organizations, television and video filming teams, theaters, theater and concert organizations, circuses and other persons involved in the creation and (or) performance (exhibiting) of works, in accordance with the lists works, professions, positions of these workers, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations, may be established by a collective agreement, a local regulatory act, an employment contract.
(Part four was introduced by the Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ, as revised by the Federal Law of 28.02.2008 N 13-FZ)
Article 95. Duration of work on the eve of non-working holidays and days off
The duration of a working day or shift immediately preceding a non-working holiday shall be reduced by one hour.
In continuously operating organizations and on certain types of work, where it is impossible to reduce the duration of work (shift) on the pre-holiday day, overtime is compensated by providing the employee with additional rest time or, with the employee's consent, by paying according to the norms established for overtime work.
On the eve of weekends, the duration of work with a six-day working week cannot exceed five hours.
Article 96. Work at night
Night time - time from 22:00 to 6:00.
The duration of work (shift) at night is reduced by one hour without further working off.
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
The duration of work (shift) at night is not reduced for employees who have a reduced duration of working hours, as well as for employees hired specifically for work at night, unless otherwise provided by the collective agreement.
The duration of work at night is equal to the duration of work in the daytime in cases where it is necessary due to the working conditions, as well as in shift work with a six-day working week with one day off. The list of these works can be determined by a collective agreement, local normative act.
Not allowed to work at night: pregnant women; employees under the age of eighteen, with the exception of persons participating in the creation and (or) performance works of art, and other categories of employees in accordance with this Code and other federal laws. Women with children under the age of three, disabled workers, workers with disabled children, as well as workers caring for sick members of their families in accordance with a medical certificate issued in accordance with the procedure established by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation , mothers and fathers raising children under the age of five without a spouse, as well as guardians of children of this age, may be involved in night work only with their written consent and provided that such work is not prohibited for them for health reasons in according to the medical report. At the same time, these employees must be informed in writing of their right to refuse to work at night.
(as amended by Federal Laws of 24.07.2002 N 97-FZ, of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
The order of work at night for creative workers of the media, cinematography organizations, television and video filming teams, theaters, theater and concert organizations, circuses and other persons involved in the creation and (or) performance (exhibiting) of works, in accordance with the lists of works , professions, positions of these workers, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, taking into account the opinion of the Russian tripartite commission for the regulation of social and labor relations, may be established by a collective agreement, local normative act, labor agreement.
(as amended by Federal Laws of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ, of 28.02.2008 N 13-FZ)
Article 97. Work outside the established working hours
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
The employer has the right, in accordance with the procedure established by this Code, to attract an employee to work outside the working hours established for this employee in accordance with this Code, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, collective bargaining agreements, local agreements. regulations, an employment contract (hereinafter - the working time established for the employee):
for overtime work (Article 99 of this Code);
if an employee works on irregular working hours (Article 101 of this Code).
Article 98. Abolished. - Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ.
Article 99. Overtime work
(as amended by Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)
Overtime work - work performed by an employee on the initiative of the employer outside the established working hours for the employee: daily work (shift), and in the case of cumulative recording of working hours - in excess of the normal number of working hours for the accounting period.
Engaging an employee to work overtime by the employer is allowed with his written consent in the following cases:
1) if necessary, perform (finish) the work begun, which due to an unforeseen delay in technical specifications production could not be performed (completed) during the working hours established for the employee, if the non-performance (non-completion) of this work may lead to damage or loss of the employer's property (including the property of third parties held by the employer, if the employer is responsible for the safety of this property), state or municipal property or create a threat to the life and health of people;
2) during the performance of temporary work on the repair and restoration of mechanisms or structures in cases where their malfunction may cause the termination of work for a significant number of employees;
3) to continue work in the absence of a shift worker, if the work does not allow a break. In these cases, the employer is obliged to immediately take measures to replace the shift with another employee.
Engaging an employee to work overtime by an employer without his consent is allowed in the following cases:
1) during the performance of work necessary to prevent a catastrophe, industrial accident or eliminate the consequences of a catastrophe, industrial accident or natural disaster;
In accordance with Federal Law No. 417-FZ of 07.12.2011, from January 1, 2013, in paragraph 2 of part three of this article, the words "water supply, gas supply, heating, lighting, sewerage systems," will be replaced by the words "centralized hot water supply systems, cold water supply and (or) sewerage systems, gas supply systems, heat supply systems, lighting, ".
2) when performing socially necessary work to eliminate unforeseen circumstances that disrupt the normal functioning of water supply, gas supply, heating, lighting, sewage, transport, communications systems;
3) in the performance of work, the need for which is due to the introduction of a state of emergency or martial law, as well as urgent work in emergency conditions, that is, in the event of a disaster or threat of disaster (fires, floods, famine, earthquakes, epidemics or epizootics) and in other cases, endangering the life or normal living conditions of the entire population or part of it.
In other cases, overtime work is allowed with the written consent of the employee and taking into account the opinion of the elected body of the primary trade union organization.
It is not allowed to involve pregnant women, employees under the age of eighteen years, other categories of employees in overtime work in accordance with this Code and other federal laws. Involvement of disabled people, women with children under the age of three years, in overtime work is allowed only with their written consent and provided that it is not prohibited for them for health reasons in accordance with a medical certificate issued in the manner prescribed by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. In this case, disabled people, women with children under the age of three years, must be informed against signature of their right to refuse overtime work.
Overtime work must not exceed 4 hours for each employee on two consecutive days and 120 hours per year.
It is the employer's responsibility to ensure that each employee's overtime is accurately recorded.
Tasks for working with solutions
- Two workers are doing some work. After 45 minutes of teamwork, the first worker was transferred to another job, and the second worker completed the rest of the work in 2 hours 15 minutes. How long could it take for each worker to complete all the work individually, if it is known that the second will need 1 hour more for this than the first?
- Two brigades, working at the same time, cultivate a plot of land in 12 hours. How long would it take the first brigade to process this plot separately, if the speed of work performed by the first and second brigades is 3: 2?
- One team can clear a field in 12 days, while another does the same job in 75% of the time the first team needs. After the first team worked for 5 days, the second joined it and together they finished the work. How many days did the teams work together?
- Two foremen, of whom the second starts working 1.5 days later than the first, can complete the task in 7 days. If this task was performed by everyone separately, then the first would take 3 days more than the second. In how many days would each master individually complete this task?
- The pool can be filled with water from two taps. If the first tap is opened for 10 minutes, and the second - for 20 minutes, the pool will be filled. If the first tap is opened for 5 minutes, and the second for 15 minutes, 3/5 of the pool will be filled. How long does it take from each tap individually to fill the entire pool?
- Two typists were assigned some task. The second started to work 1 hour later than the first. 3 hours after the first one began work, they still had to complete the entire task. At the end of the work, it turned out that each typist completed half of the entire task. How many hours each of them individually could complete the entire task?
- There are two motors of the same power. One of them, working, consumed 600 g of gasoline, and the second, who worked 2 hours less, consumed 384 g of gasoline. If the first engine consumed as much gasoline per hour as the second, and the second, on the contrary, as much as the first, then for the same operating time the gasoline consumption in both engines would be the same. How much gasoline does each engine consume per hour?
- Two are doing the job. First, the first worked for the time during which the second does all the work. Then the second worked for the time in which the first would have finished the rest of the work. They only completed all the work. How long does it take for everyone to do this work, if it is known that for working together will they do it in 3 hours and 36 minutes?
- The two teams, working together, have to repair a section of the road in 18 days. In reality, it turned out that at first only the first brigade worked, and one second brigade was finishing the repair of the site, the productivity of which was higher than that of the first brigade. As a result, the repair of the site lasted 40 days, and the first team in its work time completed all the work. How many days would the road section be repaired by each team separately?
- Three bricklayers (of different qualifications) laid out a brick wall, and the first worked for 6 hours, the second for 4 hours, and the third for 7 hours.If the first bricklayer worked for 4 hours, the second for 2 hours, and the third for 5 hours, then it would be done just all the work. In how many hours would the bricklayers complete the masonry if they worked together at the same time?
- Water flows evenly into the pit. Ten identical pumps, acting simultaneously, can pump out water from a filled pit in 12 hours, and 15 such pumps in 6 hours. How long can 25 such pumps pump out water from a filled pit when they work together?
- The tank receives water from two pipes of different diameters. On the first day, both pipes, working simultaneously, supplied 14 m 3 of water. On the second day, only a small pipe worked and also supplied 14 m 3 of water, since it worked 5 hours longer than on the previous day. On the third day, both pipes first supplied 21 m 3 of water, and then only the large pipe worked, supplying another 20 m 3 of water, and the total duration of the time for supplying water was the same as on the second day. Determine the performance of each pipe.
Tasks for independent solution
- The pool is filled with two pipes in 6 hours. One first pipe fills it 5 hours faster than one second pipe. How long does it take for each pipe, acting separately, to fill the pool? Answer: 10 hours; 15 h
- The student read a 480-page book. Every day he read the same number of pages. If he read 16 more pages every day, he would have read the book in 5 days. How many days did the student read the book? Answer: 6 days
- Two brigades were assigned to unload the steamer. If we add up the time intervals for which the first and second brigades can unload the steamer on their own, we get 12 hours. Determine these intervals if their difference is 45% of the time during which both teams can unload the steamer together. Answer: h; h
- A team of fitters could finish the wiring at 4 pm, laying 8 meters of cable per hour. After completing half of the entire task, one worker dropped out of the brigade. In this regard, the team began to lay 6 meters of cable per hour and finished the work scheduled for the day at 6 pm. How many meters of cable was laid and in how many hours? Answer: 96 minutes, in 14 hours
- There are two pipes connected to the pool. Through the first pool, it is filled, and through the second, water flows out of the pool. Half an hour after the simultaneous start of the pipes, the first of them was also switched to drain water from the pool. How long after switching the first pipe, the water level in the pool will return to its initial level if the capacity of the first pipe is twice that of the second? Answer: after 10 minutes
- A number of workers completed the work in a few days. If the number of workers increases by 3, then the work will be done 2 days sooner, and if the number of workers increases by 12, then 5 days sooner. Determine the number of workers and the time required to complete this work. Answer: 12 working days, 10 days
- The pool can be filled with water using two pumps of different capacities. If half of the pool is filled by turning on only the first pump, and then, turning it off, continue filling with the second pump, then the entire pool will be filled in 2 hours 30 minutes. With the simultaneous operation of both pumps, the pool will be filled in 1 hour and 12 minutes. What part of the pool does the lower pump fill in 20 minutes of operation? Answer: 1/9
- Five people are doing some task. The first three of them, working together, will complete the entire task in 7.5 hours; the first, third and fifth - in 5 hours; the first, third and fourth - 6 hours; the second, fourth and fifth - in 4 hours. How long will it take for all five people to complete this task, working together? Answer: in 3 hours
- The two workers did some work together in 12 hours. If first the first worker did half of this work, and then the other did the rest, then the whole work would be done in 25 hours. How long could it take for each worker to complete this work? Answer: 16 h, 16/3 h
- Craftsmen A and B worked the same number of days. If A worked one day less and B worked 7 days less, then A would have earned 7200 rubles, and B - 6480 rubles. If, on the contrary, A worked 7 days less and B worked one day less, then B would have earned 3240 rubles. more A. How much did each master actually earn? Answer: 7500 rubles; 9000 p.
- To fill the reservoir, two pipes were opened, through which water was supplied for 20 minutes, then a third pipe was opened, and after 5 minutes the reservoir was filled and all pipes were closed. The productivity of the second pipe is 1.2 times that of the first. Through the second and third pipes, open at the same time, the tank is filled in 0.9 of the time it takes to fill it through the first and third pipes when they work together. How long will it take to fill the tank if all three pipes are opened simultaneously? Answer: 16 minutes
- The three automatic lines produce the same products, but have different capacities. The productivity of all three lines operating simultaneously is 1.5 times higher than the productivity of the first and second lines operating simultaneously. The second and third lines, working at the same time, can complete the shift task of the first line 4 hours 48 minutes faster than the first line; the second line performs the same task 2 hours faster than the first. Find the time for the first line of your shift assignment. Answer: 8 h
The assignment problem is a special case of the transport problem. It has the same structure but has some peculiarities. In the simplest case, the assignment problem can be formulated as follows. There are several different types of work and the same number of employees. One employee is assigned for each type of work. Each of the employees can perform any work, but at the same time, the salaries of the employees and the time of their work are different. It is necessary to distribute work among employees in such a way as to minimize cash costs or work execution time. Just like the transport problem, the assignment problem can be balanced or unbalanced.
Example 1. Balanced assignment problem
Four workers can perform four types of work. Cost Сij fulfillment i-m workers j-th works are shown in cells A1: D4.
| 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 | worker1 |
| 9 | 10 | 7 | 9 | worker2 |
| 4 | 5 | 11 | 7 | worker3 |
| 8 | 7 | 8 | 5 | worker4 |
| work1 | work2 | work3 | work4 |
In this table, rows correspond to workers, and columns to jobs. It is necessary to draw up a work plan so that all work is completed, each worker is loaded on only one job, and the total cost of performing all work is minimal. Note that this task is balanced, i.e. the number of jobs is the same as the number of workers.
To solve this problem, let's build its mathematical model. Let the variable x ij\u003d 1 if i-th worker performed jth work, and x ij\u003d 0 if i-th worker is not performed j-th work. Then the model looks like this:
Let's form the following table:
Cells A1: D4 - work costs, must be\u003e \u003d 0.
Cells F2: I5 are reserved for unknowns. If the worker performs work in cell 1, otherwise 0. Unknowns must be integers, binary.
In cell J2, the objective function is the total cost of work.
The left-hand sides of the restrictions are given by the amounts For example:
SUM (F2: I2) should be equal to 1. This indicates that employee # 1 does only one job.
SUM (F2: F5) should be equal to 1. This indicates that work # 1 is performed by only one worker.
Find the optimal tool solution Finding a solution.
Answer: Cost of work \u003d 18.
Example 2. Unbalanced assignment problem
Four workers can perform five types of work. This task is not balanced because the number of workers is not equal to the number of types of work. If the problem is not balanced, then before starting the solution it must be balanced by introducing the missing number of dummy lines or columns with sufficiently large penalty costs of the work. A dummy "Worker 5" has been added to our problem. Figure it out yourself with the solution below.
Answer
Minimum cost of work \u003d 7.
It can be seen from the decision that a fictitious worker No. 5 has been assigned to job No. 4, that is, no one is doing this work.