Before 1.9.41:
22nd, 23rd and 24th Rifle Regiment,
8 reserve rifle regiment,
66 tank company,
45 mm separate artillery battalion,
76 mm separate artillery battalion,
self-propelled artillery regiment,
separate company communications, medical and sanitary battalion.
Since 1.9.41:
1299, 1301 and 1303 rifle regiments,
975th artillery regiment,
699 separate anti-aircraft artillery battalion,
474 reconnaissance company,
863 separate battalion communication,
409th medical and sanitary battalion,
336 separate company of chemical protection,
309 motor transport company,
266 field bakery.
Combat period
30.7.41-26.9.41
Renamed to 8th Infantry Division (II) 26.9.41
In the Krasnopresnensk division militia included: workers of the Trekhgornaya Manufactory and the Proletarskiy Trud factory, metalworkers of the Krasnaya Presnya factory, workers of the varnish and paint factory, trams, students and teachers of Moscow University and legal institute, students and professors of the Tchaikovsky Conservatory, artists of the Theater of the Revolution, writers. In addition to Krasnopresnentsky, there were workers and employees of the Proletarsky district of the capital, as well as volunteers from the Kolomensky, Zagorsky, Solnechnogorsky, Voskresensky, Noginsky and Podolsky districts of the Moscow region.
On July 6, about 6 thousand people gathered in the buildings of schools and clubs on Krasnaya Presnya, set aside for the barracks of the militias, who were distributed among three rifle regiments, divisions and special forces.
The division headquarters and the communications company were located in the buildings of the regional court and law academy (Herzen st., 11). The 1st regiment was located in schools No. 86 and 93; 2nd - in schools No. 83 (Strelbischensky lane, 14) and 101; 3rd - at school No. 105. Artillery battalions and other special forces were quartered in schools No. 89 and 95 (Zamorenova St., 37) and in the district clubs.
From the orders on the personnel of the division, it is known that the brigade commander D.P. Skripnikov was appointed its commander, the chief of staff was Colonel F.P.Shmelev, the deputy chief of staff was Major V.P. Panov, and the chief of artillery was Lieutenant Colonel D.A.Yurevich, Deputy Commander for Logistics - S. S. Zlatolina, Chief of Food Supply - DD Pluzhnikova, Chief of Medical Service - MI Lyakhovitsky, Chief of Communications - P. P. Kalinicheva.
Colonel P.V. Vasenin was appointed commander of the 1st regiment, and captain Novozhilov was appointed chief of staff. Colonel A. Ya. Potapov was appointed commander of the 2nd regiment, and Captain Romanov was appointed chief of staff. Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Khudobin was appointed commander of the 3rd regiment, and Captain Shevchuk was appointed chief of staff. AND ABOUT.
By order of the commander of the Moscow Military District of July 9, 1941, all divisions of the people's militia were withdrawn from Moscow to the camps. From July 10, the regiments of the Krasnopresnenskaya division were stationed in the forest in the area of \u200b\u200bNikolo-Uryupin and Buzlanov.
Dunaevsky (then a student at Moscow State University) recalls:
"... Our division of the people's volunteer corps of the Krasnopresnensky district ... it has a" professional "selection. We, historians, get into the artillery regiment. In the future, it is assigned a number - 975th. We receive uniforms. Not very happy with the windings. Too much time is spent on But little by little we get used to it ... Our battery receives 76-mm guns. We begin to master the material part. The battery commander is Tyutyunnik. He is 19 years old. He just graduated from the Sumy Artillery School. His lack of experience is felt all the time. But we forgive. Guy He is handsome. Much more authoritative is the deputy battalion commander, Lieutenant Goryachev. He came from the reserve. He has served real life. And he knows enough. Prepared and professionally excellent. With all questions we go to him. Our friendly calculation. The gunner is little Sasha Ospovat, who saw the goal perfectly and soon learned he graduated from the 5th year, a beloved student of Militsa Vasilyevna Nechkina. She still complains that he was lost gorgeous thesis... Correct - 3rd year student Mikhail Semyonov. He is older than all of us. Physically very strong. I came from the workers' school. I already had a family. I am the loader. It is a pity that my eyes fail, myopia. We all try to achieve interchangeability. You can't do without this in battle. First, we go through training in the camp. We live in the forest. "
On July 20, the division was sent to build the Mozhaisk defense line and, on July 23, began building a line west of Ruza along the Dementsevo - Krivonogovo - Miletino - Hotilovo line.
In accordance with the order of the Moscow Military District, the voluntary formation of Krasnaya Presnya received the name of the 8th Krasnopresnenskaya division of the people's militia as part of the 22nd, 23rd and 24th rifle regiments, the 8th reserve infantry regiment.
On July 30, the Division became part of the 32nd Army of the Reserve Front. By order of the commander of the 32nd Army, she was supposed to enter the Rzhev-Vyazemskaya line of defense.
On the morning of August 4, the regiments arrived in the Semlevo area and occupied their lines. The order of the division commander dated August 4 determined the following areas of defense for the regiments: for the 22nd - from Rebrov to Borisov, for the 2nd battalion of the 23rd regiment - along the eastern bank of the Osma River from Borisov to the village of Gvozdi. To the south, to the village of Stanische, the section of the 24th regiment stretched. In the second echelon of the division to the west of the Marmonovo-Semlevo line were the 1st and 3rd battalions of the 23rd regiment.
German planes daily fired at and bombed settlements, crowded places of people and vehicles, landed saboteurs and assault forces. A detachment of Krasnopresnentsy together with a unit of the 6th Dzerzhinsk division of the people's militia surrounded and destroyed several groups of enemy paratroopers, including in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Dudenki.
On August 24, the headquarters received an order from the NCO "On the transfer of the divisions of the people's militia to the states and report cards of the active Red Army." Krasnopresnensk division of the people's militia began to be called the 8th rifle division (7), Regiments and special units received combined arms numbering: 1299th, 1301st, 1303rd rifle regiments, 975th artillery regiment, 699th separate anti-aircraft division, 477th separate motor reconnaissance company, 863th separate communications battalion, 460th separate engineer battalion, 336th separate chemical protection company, 309th motor transport company, 222nd field bakery.
In connection with the battles of Yelnya, 133rd rifle division was recalled from the Dnieper line and sent to Yelnya. The commander of the 32nd Army, at the request of the front headquarters, sent the 8th rifle division to the Dnieper line on August 30. The division commander on September 3 ordered the regiments to take up defensive positions along the eastern bank of the Dnieper. In the area from Perstenka to Karacharovo, 1299 joint ventures occupied the defense. To the south, along the Karacharovo-Molodilovo line, 1303 joint ventures took up the defense. At the turn of the Blagoveshchenskoye - Miloselie - Boldino 1301 bn are located. The rear and the sanitary battalion were located in the forests near the village of Kakushkino. The division headquarters was located in the forest west of Zhevlaki. The headquarters of the 975 ap was in the village of Polezhakino. The divisions of the artillery regiment were located: 1st division - west of Zhevlaki, 2nd - northeast of Miloselie, 3rd - northeast of Karacharov.
Dunaevsky:
"… July and August pass in their studies. The weather in mid-September has deteriorated sharply. Frequent rains started. The guns got stuck in the mud. All the time we had to drag them. September 15 turned out to be a particularly unfortunate day, separating from friends, most of them forever. I was thrown into a deep ditch by a liquid abyss with an instrument. As it turned out later, a ruptured knee meniscus. For two weeks I was taken to a hospital in Kalinin. "
On September 26, the division was included in the regular forces of the Red Army. Colonel Nikolai Stepanovich Ugryumov became the division commander, who replaced the brigade commander Daniil Prokofievich Skripnikov. In July, the people's militia division included 5,334 militias (including 1,065 people from Moscow State University). Later, the division was replenished with conscripts from the Moscow Military District and by the end of September it had 7,500 people. Colonel Grigory Zverev took over command of the division on September 30
The documentary collections of the State Museum of Defense of Moscow include the collection 2514-nv. This set of documents was found in a safe dug out of the ground in the Vyazemsky district Smolensk region in 1994, the Fund has 231 sheets, some of which were successfully deciphered to a degree sufficient for a coherent reading. This decrypted part of the collection contains 163 documents. The documents represent the fund of the 22nd rifle regiment of the 8th division of the people's militia of the Krasnopresnensky district of Moscow.
In October 1941, this division defended Moscow and, among other formations of the Red Army, fought surrounded in the area of \u200b\u200bVyazma, delaying the enemy's advance on the capital. Texts 89% of documents have exact dates creation, which are between July 10 and September 28, 1941. Thus, the documents cover the period from the formation of the division to the outbreak of hostilities, when the personnel were engaged in combat training and fortification work on the distant approaches to Moscow. Since October 4, the division has been fighting, as a result of which it ceased to exist as a combat formation1. For this reason, TsAMO does not have a fund for the 8th division as such. Moreover, in general, in the archives of the Great Patriotic War documents at shelf level and below are rare. Thus, the 2514-nv fund is largely unique. The purpose of this study is to characterize the fund and determine its significance for studying the history of the people's militia in Moscow.
In most cases, when the position or title of the author of the document is indicated, he belonged to the military-political composition of the regiment. These documents make up 67% of the fund. The vast majority of such documents came from political instructors (abbreviated from "political leader") at the level of a company or battery, the rest - from commissars at the level of a battalion or regiment. Most of the published documents were created as a result of political instructors fulfilling their official duties, according to the charter: "to systematically and timely inform the company commander and the military commissar of the regiment about requests, political sentiments, and the company's combat and political training" 2. The form of the document used for this purpose was called "political reports".
This is how 66% of the documents are titled. This group of documents has characteristic features that make it possible to classify as political reports also several documents with different headings (mainly “Political summary”) and without headings. Thus, in fact, 77% of documents are political reports. In the overwhelming majority of cases, when the addressee of the political report is indicated, it is the regiment commissar. This corresponds to the aforementioned duty of the political instructor - "to inform the military commissar of the regiment." In two cases, political reports were addressed to the political composition below the regiment commissar. It is interesting that back in 1940 the posts of political instructors and commissars were replaced by the posts of deputy commanders (chiefs) for political affairs. However, some authors of the documents and in early July 1941 used the abolished positions of "company political officer" or "regiment commissar".
On July 17, 1941, the posts of commissars and political instructors were restored. This reform, on the contrary, was clearly reflected in the documents, where after that date the position of “deputy. commander for political affairs ”. The aforementioned job duty ordered the political instructor, in addition to the regiment commissar, to "inform the company commander." Fond 2514-nv contains one political report addressed to the company commander. Apparently, all other such political reports were deposited in other funds. One of the documents directly states that the political instructor received an order to send political reports to the regiment commissar "every day at 8:00". Indeed, as a rule, the content of the political report covered events within one day, but sometimes - within two days, but no more. The time of their creation was recorded for 45% of political reports. Political reports were created either in the morning from 4.00 to 12.00 inclusive (usually at 8.00), or in the evening from 15.00 to 0.00 inclusive (usually at 18.00). This practice of creating political reports met the requirement of the aforementioned duty of the political instructor - "systematically and timely" to inform the command.
The group of political reports is adjoined by four documents created by the party organizers. The party organizer (abbreviated from “party organizer”) headed the organization of members of the CPSU (b) at the company level and was obliged to inform the company's political instructor about what was happening5. Indeed, some of the documents of the party organizers are addressed to the political instructor, but the other part is a political report to the regiment commissar. In these cases, the party organizer acted as a political instructor, as directly indicated in one such document. One document reflecting the activities of political workers is not a source of personal origin. These are clauses 1a-1g of Article 58 of the current Criminal Code of the RSFSR of 1926, which were added to the code by a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR dated June 8, 19346. The legal norms set out in these clauses cover the concept of "treason". Obviously, the document was used in political work: another document mentions the explanation of the political instructor to the personnel of the "law of 8 / VI on sanctions for treason". Thus, 80% of the documents reflect political work. The remaining 20% \u200b\u200bof the documents reflect other aspects of the regiment's life. Of this group, 85% are reports, explanatory notes, statements from the lower level to the higher level. At least half of the documents from this group are clearly addressed to the regiment commissar.
At the same time, several reports to the regiment commissar were sent directly from ordinary soldiers. Taking into account the previously reviewed political reports, the total share of documents clearly addressed to the regiment commissar is 75%. Thus, fund 2514-nv is, by and large, the fund of the military commissar of the 22nd regiment N.Z.Katulin. About a third of the documents that make up the group of reports were addressed not to the political, but to the command staff, but were deposited in the fund of the regiment commissar. Further, from among the documents not related to political work, three documents represent the business correspondence of the command of the regiment with the leadership and residents of the Krasnopresnensky district of Moscow. One document is an application for admission to the militia. As a rule, such applications were submitted by citizens to local party bodies and deposited in their funds.
However, this statement has no addressee and was deposited in the fund of the regiment commissar. The documents of the 2514-nv fund are of a varied nature. But at the same time, the main part is made up of political reports, the information of which covers all aspects of the life of the regiment personnel for a long time. Thus, the fund is of great value for studying the history of the people's militia in Moscow. By the 75th anniversary of the victory over the Nazi invaders in the battle for the capital in 2016, the Moscow Defense Museum plans to publish all documents from the 2514-nv Foundation, restoring their chronological sequence, providing an introductory research article and detailed notes. The publication is intended to highlight little-known issues in the history of the people's militia in Moscow, including issues that were traditionally hushed up by Soviet historiography for ideological reasons.
Rivchak Kirill Vladimirovich, Ph.D. n. (State Museum of Defense of Moscow)
8th Krasnopresnenskaya division of the people's militia. Chronology: July 30 - October 8, 1941 6.07 - 30.07 - on Krasnaya Presnya, out of almost 6 thousand volunteers who arrived in the buildings of several schools, the formation of four regiments (three combatant and one artillery) of the 8th Krasnopresnensk division of the people's militia began. From the day of formation until 26.09 until his death on 06.10, the brigade commander Daniil Prokofievich Skripnikov will command the division. Chief of Staff Colonel F.P.Shmelev, his deputy, Major V.P. Panov, and. about. Commissioner M.I.Lazarenko, he was replaced by V.I.Dyadlovsky, secretary of the party organization D. D. Ognev, chief of artillery lieutenant colonel D. A. Yurevich. Commander of the 22nd Rifle Regiment, Colonel P.V. Vasenin, Chief of Staff Captain Novozhilov; Colonel A. Ya. Potapov, Commander of the 23rd Rifle Regiment, Captain Romanov, Chief of Staff; Commander of the 24th Infantry Regiment Lieutenant Colonel AI Khudobin, Chief of Staff Captain Shevchuk. The commanders of battalions, companies and batteries were sent from the headquarters of the Moscow Military District. Platoon commanders were appointed graduates of military schools - named after the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR and Podolsk. Most of the platoon leaders and junior commanders, after all, were appointed from within the militia themselves. Here is what Lev Lopukhovsky writes about the formation of militia divisions in his book "Vyazemskaya catastrophe of 1941": "In the early days, militia divisions took an active part in the construction and development of defensive lines. At the same time, they were engaged in combat training and putting together units and subunits. Initially, the divisions were poorly armed, did not have transport, communications, engineering equipment. For example, the artillery units were armed with French 75-mm guns, bored out for our 76-mm projectile. In August, they were re-equipped, received the necessary weapons, and provided, according to wartime standards, with transport, engineering and sapper means. By the end of September, all 12 divisions of the people's militia were fully equipped with personnel and basic types of weapons. Foreign weapons were almost completely replaced by domestic ones. Some militia divisions had even more men, guns, mortars, vehicles, and horses than regular divisions. And in the composition of the 2nd, 8th and 13th bottom there were tank battalions armed with T-27 tankettes (16 pieces). The rest of the divisions were also well equipped, but in mid-September they had 15 thousand troops. people subject to dismissal due to age and health status. Soon they were replaced by soldiers of draft age from the newly arrived replenishment. " On July 20, the division was sent to the construction of the Mozhaisk defense line, and on July 23, the construction of a defensive line west of Ruza along the Dementsevo - Krivonogovo - Miletino - Hotilovo line began. At the same time, combat training was carried out, political classes were conducted daily. In connection with the extreme complication of the situation at the front in the area of \u200b\u200bSmolensk, Yartsevo, Yelnya, under the command of G.K. Zhukov, the Reserve Front was formed, in the 32nd army of which the 8th DNO was introduced.
Foreword.
Frankly, we are surprised by the number of questions that have come and continue to come to us. There are simple ones, and there are those that are surprising in their complexity. But since it happened, we will try to answer everything. It's a question of time.
This letter, the question of which is not even a question, but a request, came from Israel, from Irina Kuperman.
"... a military photo. Four young guys dressed in motley civilian clothes. Sitting with revolvers at the ready. Mom explained that these are Moscow militias of 1941. And one of them (bottom left) is my great-uncle (my mother's father's brother) - Shepsel (Shurik ) Isaakovich Veksler. He did not have time to start a family, give birth to children, because he died in the same 41st somewhere near Moscow. We know very little about Shepsel Isaakovich, and in the photo there are three more men, maybe someone will find out in them their relatives. I am sure no one should be forgotten. "
Irina, without suspecting it, raised the most important topic.
What is a militia? Before World War II, this term was used only in two cases: Minin and Pozharsky in 1612 and the militia in 1812. The headman of one of the workshops of artisans and a Russian prince, who gathered the people to fight the invaders and drove the hated Poles out of Moscow. Yes, the old woman who, with the men from her village, raised the French to the pitchfork.
The war opened new page in the people's militia. So what is it? Why did the Germans at first treat the militias of Moscow and Leningrad with squeamish indifference, and then with great respect? Why did the soldiers of the regular units of the Red Army proudly say: "I am from the militia"?
Yes, simply because the people's militia is the last, the very last reserve. A reserve that can be used in battle. As a unit of non-combatant soldiers, as staff, as "walking" wounded. There is no one behind the militia! The militias will die, and the road to the enemy is free for many kilometers.
The basis for the creation of the people's militia in Moscow was the "Decree on the voluntary mobilization of residents of Moscow and the region into the people's militia", adopted by the military council of the Moscow military district on July 2, 1941. In just five days, nearly 400,000 people applied to the militia division. But that amount was not required. And there was a problem with weapons at that time. That is why only the physically healthy were taken into the militia, those who could bring the greatest benefit at the front. In five days, 12 militia divisions were formed. 160,000 Muscovites and residents of the region joined the ranks.
It became a huge problem for the militias. The fact is that more than half of the weapons that were in the arsenals of the Red Army were lost during the first months of the war. Some historians say 60%! That is why we see in the photograph of men armed with old revolvers. This is not youthful enthusiasm. This is the harsh truth of war.
The volunteers armed themselves with anything that could shoot. Old decommissioned weapons, captured from the First World War and civil wars. Training weapon Osoaviakhim. Horse-drawn cannons of the late 19th century. One rifle for two or three fighters in the militia was the norm.
The situation was even worse with ammunition. Rifle ammunition rarely exceeded 15-20 rounds. I spoke with a militia who defended Moscow in the New Jerusalem area. One rifle per squad and one clip for this rifle. The rest with sapper blades. And against tanks and motorcyclists with machine guns.
I would like to move a little from the topic of the article. Irina did not indicate who the grandfather was before the war. But this is important. This would be another option to find a "lead" in the search. The fact is that the divisions of the Moscow militia were formed not only on the territorial, but also on the "production" principle. I will give just a few examples.
6th division of the people's militia - "diplomatic". Formed in the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow. In the composition of 163 diplomats and employees of the diplomatic service (one third of the staff of the USSR People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs).
4th division of the people's militia - "financial". Formed in the Kuibyshevsky district of Moscow. The staff of the People's Commissars of Finance and Light Industry.
There were also companies. Musical, writing, scientific. They united people of the same professions in their ranks. The scientific company consisted of teachers and students from Moscow universities. Musical - from musicians and students of the conservatory. Writing - one of the famous writers.
I was personally interested to know which of the writers went to fight in the first days of the war. Not to write about the war, but to fight.
George Storm. He translated "The Word about Igor's Regiment". Author of many historical works.
And there was also OMSBON - a separate motorized rifle brigade for special purposes, the backbone of which were both famous athletes and students of physical culture, members of the sports societies CDKA and Dynamo.
But back to the beginning of our conversation. To the question, more precisely, to the request of Irina Kuperman.
I must say right away that she did a lot of what search engines do in such cases, we will try to do something. An appeal to the Central Archives of the RF Ministry of Defense gave no results. Irina independently applied, as it turned out, to the "Find Me" program. There are no results yet. That is why our help is needed. Even one percent, half a percent, one hundredth of a percent of the probability of winning is important. Take a look. Let your family and friends look at the photo. But what if...
Finding a fighter from the militia divisions is difficult today. It is according to the documents. It is difficult because the registration of such fighters was awful. And many fought only one battle. I will specifically cite the fate of those divisions that defended Moscow. All 12 divisions of the people's militia that were created first.
1st division of the people's militia (Leninsky district). Broken near Vyazma. The headquarters and rear units left the encirclement.
2nd division of the people's militia (Stalin region). Completely perished near Vyazma.
4th division NO (Kuibyshevsky district). She successfully got out of the boiler near Vyazma, but during the battles near Naro-Fominsk she lost up to 60% of the personnel in a week. Subsequently it became 84 SD.
5th Division NO (Frunzensky District). Completely died in the area of \u200b\u200bSpas-Demensk.
6th division NO (Dzerzhinsky district). She died completely surrounded by Vyazma.
7th Division NO (Bauman District). Almost completely destroyed. A few encircled people joined the 144 SD.
8th Division NO (Krasnopresnensky District). She died completely in a boiler near Vyazma.
9th Division NO (Kirovsky District). She almost completely died surrounded. About 800 fighters came out.
13th Division NO (Rostokinsky District). She died completely surrounded.
17th Division NO (Moskvoretsky District). Lost in the boiler up to 80% of the personnel.
18th Division NO (Leningradsky District). Subsequently became 11th Guards rifle division.
21st Division NO (Kievsky district). Subsequently, it became the 77th Guards Rifle Division. As part of a division of 68 Heroes Soviet Union and the only one in Red and Soviet army battalion of Glory! All the soldiers and officers of this battalion were awarded the Order of Glory for their personal exploits!
On my own behalf and on behalf of all the staff of the "Military Review" I want to ask the readers: let's help! Irina wrote the correct words at the end of her request-question: "I'm sure no one should be forgotten."
If someone recognizes a familiar face in this photo, if someone has the same photo in an old album ... You know what to do.
Nobody should be forgotten, right?