First militia

The third stage of the Troubles is associated with the desire to overcome the conciliatory position of the Seven Boyars, which had no real power and failed to force Vladislav to comply with the terms of the agreement, to accept Orthodoxy. Increasingly wider strata of the population opposed the current state of affairs. In order to stop the fermentation in October 1610, Gonsevsky arrested a number of representatives of prominent boyar families. On November 30, Patriarch Hermogenes, who was also taken under strict arrest, made an appeal to fight the interventionists. Moscow found itself in fact on martial law.

The idea is ripe in the country militia to free Moscow from the invaders. In February-March 1611, the 1st Militia of Lyapunov and Prince Trubetskoy, as well as the Cossacks of Ataman Zarutsky, approached the walls of Moscow. The decisive battle, in which Muscovites and one of the militia commanders, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, took part, took place on March 19. However, they failed to liberate the city: on the advice of Dmitry Molchanov, the Poles set fire to the city and thus stopped the uprising of Muscovites. Nevertheless, areas of the White City remained in the hands of the militia, and the Poles, who controlled only the Kremlin and Kitay-Gorod, were isolated. But in the camp of the militia there were internal contradictions, which resulted in armed clashes, in one of which, on July 22, 1611, Procopius Lyapunov was killed by the Cossacks, and the militia began to fall apart.

In the same year crimean Tatarswithout encountering resistance, they ravage the Ryazan region. After a long siege, Smolensk was captured by the Poles, and the Swedes, having left the role of "allies", ravaged the northern Russian cities.

Second militia

The Second Militia of 1612 was led by the Nizhny Novgorod zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin, who invited Prince Pozharsky to lead the military operations. An important task that Pozharsky and Minin were able to accomplish was the organization and rallying of all patriotic forces. In February 1612, the militia moved to Yaroslavl to occupy this important point, where many roads crossed. Yaroslavl was busy; the militia stood here for four months, because it was necessary to "build" not only the army, but also the "land." Pozharsky wanted to convene a "general zemstvo council" to discuss plans for the fight against the Polish-Lithuanian intervention and how "how can we not be stateless in this evil time and choose a sovereign for us all over the land." The candidacy of the Swedish prince Karl-Philip, who “wants to be baptized into our Orthodox faith of the Greek law”, was also proposed for discussion. However, the Zemstvo Council did not take place.

Meanwhile, the first militia had completely disintegrated. Ivan Zarutsky and his supporters went to Kolomna, and from there to Astrakhan. Several hundred more Cossacks left after them, but most of them, led by Prince Trubetskoy, remained to hold the siege of Moscow.

In August 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky entered Moscow and united with the remnants of the first militia. On August 22, Hetman Chodkevich tried to break through to help the besieged compatriots, but after three days of fighting he was forced to retreat with heavy losses.

On September 22, 1612, one of the bloodiest events of the Troubles takes place - the city of Vologda was taken by the Poles and Cherkasy (Cossacks), who destroyed almost all of its population, including the monks of the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery.

On October 22, 1612, the militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky took Kitai-Gorod by storm; the garrison of the Commonwealth retreated to the Kremlin. Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory.

The Poles held out in the Kremlin for another month; to get rid of unnecessary mouths, they ordered the boyars and all Russian people to send their wives out of the Kremlin. The boyars strongly embarrassed and sent to Pozharsky Minin and all the military people with a request to come, accept their wives without shame. Pozharsky ordered to tell them to let their wives out without fear, and he himself went to receive them, received everyone honestly and took each one to his friend, ordering everyone to please them.

Driven to extremes by hunger, the Poles finally entered into negotiations with the militia, demanding only one thing, that their lives be spared, which was promised. First, the boyars were released - Fyodor Ivanovich Mstislavsky, Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky, Ivan Nikitich Romanov with his nephew Mikhail Fedorovich and the mother of the latter, Martha Ivanovna, and all other Russian people. When the Cossacks saw that the boyars had gathered on the Kamenny Bridge leading from the Kremlin through the Neglinnaya, they wanted to rush at them, but were held back by Pozharsky's militia and were forced to return to the camps, after which the boyars were received with great honor. On the next day, the Poles surrendered too: Strus with their regiment went to Trubetskoy's Cossacks, who robbed and beat many prisoners; Budzilo with his regiment was taken to the warriors of Pozharsky, who did not touch a single Pole. The stream was interrogated, Andronov was tortured, how many of the royal treasures were lost, how much was left? They also found the old tsarist hats, which were given as a mortgage to the Sapezhinians who remained in the Kremlin. On November 27, Trubetskoy's militia converged on the Church of the Kazan Mother of God behind the Intercession Gate, Pozharsky's militia - to the Church of St. John the Merciful on the Arbat and, taking crosses and icons, moved to Kitai-Gorod from two different sides, accompanied by all Moscow residents; the militias converged at the Execution Ground, where the Trinity Archimandrite Dionysius began to serve a prayer service, and then from the Frolovsky (Spassky) Gate, from the Kremlin, another religious procession appeared: the Galasun (Arkhangelsk) Archbishop Arseny was walking with the Kremlin clergy and carried Vladimirskaya: screams and sobs were distributed the people who had already lost hope of ever seeing this image dear for Muscovites and all Russians. After the prayer service, the army and the people moved to the Kremlin, and here joy gave way to sadness when they saw in what position the embittered Gentiles left the churches: everywhere there is impurity, images are cut, eyes are twisted, thrones are stripped; terrible food is prepared in vats - human corpses! Lunch and prayer service in the Assumption Cathedral ended a great popular celebration similar to which our fathers saw exactly two centuries later. "

Our beloved country is great and immense. It is captivating with the beauty of endless seas, wide steppes, flowering meadows, and mighty forests. Unforgettable greatest feats their people. Labor, combat, in the fields of science, culture, art ... Many "nuggets" were given to the world by the Russian land. Many sons glorified her

We reached from the shores of the Baltic Sea to the very The Pacificwithout destroying a single people on its way. We carried with us the spirit of peace and enlightenment. We have always extended a helping hand to our neighbors, relieving them of foreign oppression. We have broken the back of fascism. We were the first to fly into space.

We are proud of our glorious ancestors. This is our story.

There were also "dark" times in our history. There were troubles and misfortunes. There were such falls when it seemed that Russia would no longer rise from its knees. But faith in oneself and love for the Motherland did their job. Russia, like the Phoenix bird, was reborn each time from the ashes with its head held high.

Our past is a part of ourselves, of our identity. That is why we keep our history and protect it from outside encroachments. This is our memory and heritage.

The election of the eldest son of the Polish king Sigismund III, the prince Vladislav, as the Russian tsar, did not bring either the long-awaited peace or tranquility. The historian I. Timofeev compared Russia, deprived of a true tsar, torn to pieces of that time with "a house without an owner, from where the greedy servants take away the good left unattended"

Among the cities that rose up against the Poles, one of the first was Ryazan. Against the invaders and the boyar government that had betrayed the country, the voivode Procopius Lyapunov, who came from an old family of Ryazan nobles, raised an uprising. Occupying a prominent position in his homeland, he was known far beyond the borders of the Russian region. The warriors of Sanbulov initially opposed Lyapunov from the Moscow boyars, who were supposed to unite with the Cossacks, supported by Sigismund. Lyapunov, hiding in the Ryazan town of Pronsk, sent out calls for help in all directions. The first to respond was Prince Pozharsky, who was in the voivodeship in Zaraisk. On the way to Pronsk, detachments of residents of Kolomna and Ryazan joined his detachment.

Sanbulov, seeing a significant army in his rear, retreated. Pozharsky, having rescued Lyapunov from the encirclement, solemnly entered Ryazan at the head of the united army. The people enthusiastically greeted them, and the local archbishop blessed Lyapunov and Pozharsky to fight the foreign invaders. This is how the First Zemstvo (Ryazan) Militia was born. The Ryazan uprising turned out to be a spark - the cities one after another declared their support for the liberation movement.

Already in February 1611, Russian detachments from different parts of Russia moved towards Moscow. The First Militia consisted of noblemen, archers, service Cossacks, black-nosed peasants and townspeople, as well as "Tushino" boyars, governors and military men. It numbered, according to the Poles, more than 100,000 soldiers (the Swedes counted - no more than 6,000 people).

Discontent also grew among Muscovites. The Poles and their allies - Lithuanians, Germans, Swedes - behaved insolently and arrogantly. Orders issued for them "lists for estates", that is, for the ownership of villages and peasants. Officers and soldiers mocked the Orthodox faith, and entering any house, they took whatever they liked. Trying to protect themselves, the Russians were forbidden to keep any weapon in the house, to walk around the city with sticks and knives, to gird their shirts (then it was impossible to hide anything in the bosom). And everywhere in Moscow Polish spies and informers scurried about.

According to agents, it was restless in Moscow, Muscovites campaigned, or, as they said before, "shouted": "We foolishly chose a Pole as tsar ...", "You won't be sitting here for long ...", "We chose the prince not to every brainless Pole pushed us around ... ". Patriarch Hermogenes, thrown into prison for refusing to cooperate with the invaders, secretly handed over from prison a letter in which he released all those who had sworn to Vladislav from the oath. Hermogenes was tortured to death in prison, but he did his job: letters continued to walk across Russia, calling on the people to resist.

Having learned about the militia units approaching Moscow, the Poles, in order not to allow them to gather together, decided to leave Moscow and defeat them one by one. In an effort to reinforce the walls of the Kremlin and Kitai-Gorod with additional artillery, they tried to force Moscow carters to drag cannons onto the Kremlin walls on their horses. They refused. A fight ensued, the soldiers began to destroy the trading rows, killing everyone in a row. The news of the massacre in Kitai-Gorod quickly spread throughout Moscow, causing the anger and indignation of its residents.

On March 19, 1611, the capital rebelled against the invaders. Stubborn battles were fought mainly in the White City - on Nikitskaya, at the Yauzsky and Tversky gates. A participant in the battles, nobleman Samuil Maskevich, wrote about the resistance of the Muscovites: “We will rush at them with spears, and they will immediately block the street with tables, benches, firewood. We will retreat to lure them out of the fence, they are chasing us, carrying tables and benches in their hands , and as soon as they notice that we intend to turn to battle, they immediately fill up the street and, under the protection of their enclosures, shoot at us with rifles. "

A particularly stubborn battle was fought at Lubyanka, near the Vvedenskaya church. There was a detachment of Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, to whom the gunners who lived nearby - the masters of the Cannon Yard - came to the rescue. For a long time there was a street grille near the temple, which was closed at night and blocked the street out of fear of "dashing" people. It was here that Pozharsky set up a street barricade, or, as it was then called, "ostrozhek". The fierce battle lasted two and a half hours, the Poles tried to break through the Russian defenses, but they were repulsed and, in the figurative expression of the chronicler, "trampled" into Kitai-Gorod. It was not possible to oust the rebels from the capital.

The next day, seeing that they could not cope with the rebels, the Poles set fire to the posad. The wind drove fire on the Russians. Moscow is a wooden city, and the fire did not spare anyone. Hetman Zholkevsky, a participant in these battles, writes in his memoirs: "In the extreme crowdedness of people, a great murder took place: the crying, screaming of women and children represented something similar to the Day of the Last Judgment. Many of them, with their wives and children, threw themselves into the fire, and there were many killed and burned ... The capital of Moscow burned down with great bloodshed and loss, which cannot be estimated. Abundant and rich was this city, which occupied a vast space: those who were in foreign lands say that neither Rome, nor Paris, nor Lisbon can equal their circumference this city. "

The seriously wounded Pozharsky managed to be taken out of burning Moscow to the Trinity-Sergius Lavra.

By origin, the Pozharskys belonged to the highest nobility - their family came from the younger line of Rurikovich. The well-known Moscow scholar VB Muravyov writes: "From the seventh son of the Grand Duke Vsevolod the Big Nest, who received the city of Starodub in the Chernigov region and therefore called the Prince Starodubsky, the branch of the Pozharsky princes separated in the seventh generation. Their ancestor, Prince Vasily Andreevich Donskoy fought under the banners on the Kulikovo field. According to the legend, he got his nickname - Pozharsky from his main patrimony, which had not been restored for a long time, devastated by fires in those dashing years, and they began to call it Pogar, that is, a burnt place. "

It was no coincidence that Prince Pozharsky fought with the enemies on the Lubyanka: here, opposite the Vvedenskaya Church, was the prince's vast courtyard with the adjacent territory. Only house No. 14, also known as the house of the Governor-General of Moscow in 1812, Count Rostopchin, has survived in the rebuilt form.

In the nearby Church of the Presentation of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple, the parishioners of which were the Pozharsky princes, a militia shrine was kept - the image of the Kazan Mother of God. And only when the Kazan Cathedral was built on Red Square, the icon was transferred there in 1636.

So, the detachments of the First, or, as it was then called, the Ryazan or Zemsky, militia approached Moscow, taking possession of all the entrances to the capital. The Poles in the Kremlin could hold out for no more than three weeks. However, the militia failed to take the Kremlin or close the blockade ring around the entire city. It was not so much a lack of strength that affected it as internal strife and contradictions. There was no unity in the ranks of the militia. It was sharply divided into the nobility and the Cossacks. To give some organization to the diverse composition of the militia, its leaders Lyapunov, Trubetskoy and Zarutsky drew up an agreement on the creation of a Provisional Council (government), which was supposed to be in charge of military affairs and deal with all emerging issues. But the document primarily defended the interests of the nobles. In addition, punishments for robbery and willfulness were strengthened, and this could not please the "free" Cossacks.

On July 22, 1611, a Cossack riot broke out. P. Lyapunov, not taking security, went to the Cossacks to give explanations about the forged letter, where he, allegedly in order to suppress the robbery, ordered to seize the Cossack thieves and beat them on the spot. But Lyapunov was captured and hacked to death by Ataman Karamyshev. The murder of one of the leaders of the militia was the signal for its disintegration. Most of the noblemen dispersed to the estates, the militia detachments left for the cities. Remained near Moscow cossack army led by Trubetskoy and Zarutsky, which existed by robbery of the population, causing sharp discontent.

In the Time of Troubles, after the invasion of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth into the territory of Russia, the first militia was created. It was headed by a nobleman from the city of Ryazan, Prokopy Lyapunov, who went down in history along with Minin, Pozharsky, and many other defenders and guardians of the Russian land.

Russia 1608-1610

The situation in Russia during this period of time was extremely difficult. False Dmitry II appeared, who was supported by many cities of Russia, excluding Smolensk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kolomna, the cities of Siberia. Vasily Shuisky, frightened by this, invites the Swedes to fight the impostor. Together they managed to liberate a number of settlements, including Pskov, after which they were sent to defend the city of Novgorod. Due to non-payment of wages, the Swedes captured it and part of the territories.

After the death of False Dmitry II, the Polish king decided to take advantage of the situation in Russia in his own interests. He, together with Lithuania, entered the territory of Russia in 1609. If the impostor was recognized by many Russian cities and settlements, the Poles were accepted as invaders, although the hetmans of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth explained their invasion as assistance to the Russian kingdom. The robbery and atrocities perpetrated by the occupiers were the motivation behind the creation of the first militia. It was headed by a Ryazan nobleman P.P. Lyapunov.

Deposition of Shuisky

In 1610, Polish-Lithuanian troops led by two hetmans, Zholkiewski and Sapieha, surrounded Moscow. They suggested that the boyars remove Shuisky, and put him in the kingdom, assuring them that he wants to accept Orthodoxy. Having removed Shuisky, they cut him into a monk against his will and sent him to a monastery. The boyars opened the gates of the Kremlin and let the Poles into the city.

Some of the boyars who sat in the Duma nominated Vladislav to the throne. His candidacy was supported by some of the townspeople. The Orthodox Church, represented by Patriarch Hermogenes, opposed it and began to send messages to all parts of the country calling for resistance to the invaders. It was at his call that the militia began to form.

Formation of the first militia

The atrocities of the Poles in the occupied territories provoked more and more people to revolt. The creation of the militia was initiated by service people - the nobles, who benefited from the centralized power. The loss of service and the destruction of estates forced them to take up arms. The peasants, robbed by the Poles, collected their belongings, livestock and went into the forests, where they organized detachments. It was difficult for the Poles to get provisions, fodder for horses, and find guides.

In many cities, detachments were formed that joined the first militia. It was headed at the very beginning by P.P. Lyapunov, but later the former associates of False Dmitry II, the Cossack detachments of atamans Prosovetsky and Zarutsky, as well as a number of princes and boyars, who subsequently played a negative role in the existence of the militia, joined him.

Resistance was also created in Moscow, in which the townspeople and service people, the children of the boyars, took part. Having learned about the organization of the militia, the Poles turned to the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Sagaidachny, who came to their aid.

First baptism

The formed first national militia was headed by the small-scale nobleman Lyapunov, since his main backbone consisted of service people. The Sagaidachny Cossacks captured several cities, including Pronsk, which the first militia repulsed. The Cossacks laid siege to the city, but the Zaraisk voivode, Prince Pozharsky, hastened to help Lyapunov.

After the Cossacks, in revenge, besieged Zaraisk, but Pozharsky managed to force them to flee. A decision is made to attack Moscow. Lyapunov appeals to the people of Nizhny Novgorod to come to their aid in the struggle against the Commonwealth. He also sends his proclamations there

Hike to Moscow

In early March 1611, detachments of the first militia marched on Moscow, led by Lyapunov and Pozharsky. The Nizhny Novgorod militia has already approached there, united in Vladimir with the Cossack detachment of Prosovetsky, Masalsky and Izmailov. They laid siege to Moscow, where an uprising broke out. The Poles set fire to the houses of the townspeople. Moscow was on fire. Pozharsky with his detachment managed to penetrate the city. Poles and German mercenaries settled in Kitay-Gorod and the Kremlin.

The militias who besieged Moscow began to form the Zemsky Sobor. Here a great contradiction between the nobles and the Cossacks became clear. The Poles took advantage of this situation and began to act with a proven method - they planted a letter to Zarutsky allegedly written by Lyapunov, which said that he was plotting the murder of the chieftains. Having called the voivode to the Cossack circle at night, they hacked him to death. Most of the nobles left the camp. The Cossacks, led by Zarutsky and Trubetskoy, fled to Kolomna, and then to Astrakhan. The first militia broke up.

The first militia (Ryazan militia) in 1611, to fight the Polish intervention in the Time of Troubles, was formed in Ryazan, consisted of detachments of noblemen of the southeastern districts and the Volga region, noblemen and Cossacks of the former Tushino camp, townspeople.

The conditions for the creation of the First Militia were established in 1610. Boyar government (Semiboyarshchina) in August 1610 signed an agreement with the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa, according to which his son Vladislav was recognized as the Russian tsar. In this regard, in September, Polish troops entered Moscow, led by Hetman A. Gonsevsky. Representatives of various strata of the Russian people spoke out against the Poles and the traitorous boyars. Letters of letters, including those of Patriarch Hermogenes, were circulated throughout the country with an appeal to launch a struggle against the interventionists. The initiators of the creation of the anti-Polish militia were the residents of Ryazan, led by the voivode P.P. Lyapunov. The movement was joined by Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Suzdal, Vladimir, Murom, Kostroma with their districts. The first militia included noblemen and children of boyars, archers and service Cossacks of city garrisons, black-haired peasants, townspeople, dacha people from serfs; it also included "Tushino" boyars and governors, military men from the Kaluga camp of False Dmitry II, headed by Prince D.T. Trubetskoy, Cossack detachments from Tula I.M. Zarutsky and A. Prosovetsky from Suzdal. In early March 1611, the militia set out from Kolomna to Moscow, where an uprising against the Poles began. During the fighting, the rebels (townspeople, archers, peasants) expelled the Poles from the White City; In the battles at Lubyanka, Prince D.M. Pozharsky. The main forces of the First Militia approached the capital on March 24; by this time the interventionists had succeeded in suppressing the uprising. During the siege of Moscow, contradictions between the nobility and the Cossacks intensified in the militia, among whom there were many fugitive peasants and serfs, attracted by promises of "will and salary." On June 30, 1611, the "Verdict" was adopted, which approved the structure supreme power - "Council of the whole earth". The "verdict" displeased the "Tushins" and especially the Cossacks, as it proclaimed a return to the old norms of land ownership, abolished the legality of the "Tushino" salaries, placed Cossack detachments under the leadership of nobles, obliged fugitive peasants and slaves to return to their former owners. Trubetskoy, Zarutsky and Lyapunov, who essentially headed the government, entered the "Council of the Whole Earth". The explosion of discontent of the Cossacks with the noble policy led to the murder of Lyapunov (July 22), after which the bulk of the servicemen left the militia; mainly Cossack detachments (about 10 thousand) remained near Moscow. The liberation of Moscow and the creation of conditions for the expulsion of the interventionists from the country were decided by the Second Militia led by Minin and Pozharsky, which was joined by a significant part of the members of the First Militia.

FIRST RELEASE FIRST RELEASE

FIRST Militia (Ryazan militia) in 1611, to fight the Polish intervention in the Time of Troubles (cm. TIME OF TROUBLES) , formed in Ryazan, consisted of detachments of nobles from the southeastern counties and the Volga region, nobles and Cossacks of the former Tushino camp, and townspeople. The conditions for the creation of the First Militia were established in 1610. The boyar government (Seven Boyars) in August 1610 signed an agreement with the Polish king Sigismund III Vasa, according to which his son Vladislav was recognized as the Russian tsar. In this regard, in September, Polish troops entered Moscow, led by Hetman A. Gonsevsky. Representatives of various strata of the Russian people spoke out against the Poles and the traitorous boyars. Letters of letters, including those of Patriarch Hermogenes, were circulated throughout the country with an appeal to launch a struggle against the interventionists. The initiators of the creation of the anti-Polish militia were the residents of Ryazan, led by the voivode P.P. Lyapunov. The movement was joined by Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Suzdal, Vladimir, Murom, Kostroma with their districts. The first volunteer corps included noblemen and children of boyars, archers and service Cossacks of city garrisons, black-haired peasants, townspeople, dacha people from serfs; it also included "Tushino" boyars and governors, military men from the Kaluga camp of False Dmitry II, headed by Prince D.T. Trubetskoy, Cossack detachments from Tula I.M. Zarutsky and A. Prosovetsky from Suzdal. In early March 1611, the militia set out from Kolomna to Moscow, where an uprising against the Poles began. During the fighting, the rebels (townspeople, archers, peasants) expelled the Poles from the White City; In the battles at Lubyanka, Prince D.M. Pozharsky. The main forces of the First Militia approached the capital on March 24; by this time the interventionists had succeeded in suppressing the uprising. During the siege of Moscow, contradictions between the nobility and the Cossacks intensified in the militia, among whom there were many fugitive peasants and slaves, attracted by promises of "will and salary." On June 30, 1611, the "Verdict" was adopted, which approved the structure of the supreme power - the "Council of the Whole Land". The "verdict" displeased the "Tushins" and especially the Cossacks, as it proclaimed a return to the old norms of ownership of local lands, abolished the legality of "Tushin" salaries, placed Cossack detachments under the leadership of nobles, obliged fugitive peasants and slaves to return to their former owners. Trubetskoy, Zarutsky and Lyapunov, who essentially headed the government, entered the "Council of the Whole Earth". The explosion of discontent of the Cossacks with the noble policy led to the murder of Lyapunov (July 22), after which the bulk of the servicemen left the militia; mostly Cossack detachments (about 10 thousand) remained near Moscow. The liberation of Moscow and the creation of conditions for the expulsion of the interventionists from the country were decided by the Second Militia led by Minin and Pozharsky, which was joined by a significant part of the members of the First Militia.

encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .

See what the "FIRST CREATION" is in other dictionaries:

1611 (Ryazan militia) formed in Ryazan to fight the Poles. Consisted of a detachment of noblemen of the southeastern counties and the Volga region, nobles and Cossacks from the b. Tushino camp, townspeople. It besieged Moscow occupied by the Poles in March 1611, disintegrated in ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

1611 (Ryazan militia), during the Time of Troubles, formed at the initiative of the inhabitants of Ryazan (governor P.P. Lyapunov) to fight against the Poles. Included were nobles, archers, service Cossacks, black-haired peasants, townspeople, dacha people, and also ... ... Russian history

Militia in Russia to fight the intervention of Polish feudal lords. Conditions for creating P. about. formed in 1610. The Boyar government ("Seven Boyars") in August 1610 signed an agreement with the Poles, according to which the son of Sigismund III Vladislav ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

The militia created in Russia at the beginning. 1611 to combat the intervention of the Polish. feudal lords. Conditions for creating P. about. formed into a con. 1610. Boyarskoe prospect (Semiboyarshchina) in August 1610 signed an agreement with the Poles, but the son of Sigismund III ... ... Soviet Historical Encyclopedia

- (Ryazan militia), formed in Ryazan to fight the Poles. It consisted of a detachment of noblemen from the southeastern counties and the Volga region, nobles and Cossacks from the former Tushino camp, and townspeople. It besieged Moscow occupied by the Poles in March 1611, disintegrated in ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Years of existence 1611 Country Russia Type Militia Historical role tried to suppress Polish intervention in Russia Wars Russian-Polish war 1605 1618 ... Wikipedia

SUPPORT, 1) military formations created from free peasants, nobles, townspeople, etc. during the period of enemy invasions; were called zemstvo or state O. (see FIRST SECURITY 1611, SECOND SECURITY 1611 12, PEOPLE'S SECURITY 1812) ... Russian history

Photo by A. V. Ustinov "Moscow workers militias at the borders of Moscow", October 1941 Militia t ... Wikipedia

Russian-Polish War 1605 1618 Bela - Dobrynichi - Vorsma Trinity Sergius Monastery - Smolensk - Tsarevo Zaymishche - Klushino - Mozhaisk - Moscow (1611) - Moscow (1612) The first national (zemstvo) militia under the leadership of Procopius Lyapunov, ... ... Wikipedia

Books

• 1612. Minin and Pozharsky. Overcoming the Troubles, Andrey Savelyev. The entire historical path of Russia is the struggle of the state against troublemakers who were driven by a variety of motives: personal desire for power, personal hatred of rulers, requests ...