If a serviceman has four crosses on his chest, then he is a complete St. George Knight. And if, in addition to everything, there are also four medals "For Bravery" on the St. George ribbon, then this brave man is a knight of a full bow. There were not so many of those in the million-strong army during the First World War. Among them is ensign Ivan Lyashenko. We will tell a story about him.
Once upon a time, the legendary explorer of southern Kryvyi Rih, Alexander Prokopchuk, in a conversation with the author of these lines, mentioned a certain Lyashenko, who, even before the events of 1914, allegedly worked as a horseman at the Starodobrovolsky mine and returned to the same place as a full Georgievsky cavalier. And Ivan Timofeevich Lyashenko was just that. We have no exact information about this - is it the same Lyashenko ...
Although in the course of the historical search for the complete St. George Knights, only one was met - I.T. Lyashenko. It was possible to find out that the ensign of the Life Guards of the 3rd Infantry Regiment of His Majesty Ivan Timofeevich Lyashenko is an Orthodox peasant s. Sofievka of the Sofievskaya volost of the Verkhnedneprovsky district of the Yekaterinoslav province (born on April 17, 1883). The documents that have survived to this day indicate that he had a home education, which means, in fact, none. You can say self-taught. And how many outstanding people, glorious warriors of the empire came from the bottom. And a simple country guy Ivan Lyashenko.
One day his father woke him up early in the morning. The peasants get up at dawn, the sun is clear in front of the images of bows. The boy got up as usual, checked his knapsack, to the herd there just in time to get ready.
- Leave it! - with such a shout, the father suspended the collection. - You will go with me.
He said nothing more. The lad obeyed, put on the bench a bundle of modest food and a well-worn eggplant of water from the creek under the century-old willow.
And wherever, everyone thinks, they will ride together on a chaise creaking with dry springs. To the parish hairdresser, maybe get a haircut. But no.
The eldest of the Lyashenki sent his son to study. So Ivan became a barber. In the countryside they were called "golyars", and in towns and cities - barbers. He trimmed and shaved his fellow countrymen until the fall of 1904. On that cold November, the volost foreman ordered a moleben to be served in the church and peacefully send a group of fellows into the army, to take the tsar's oath. And the native of Yekaterinoslavshchina got into the capital city - St. Petersburg.
Ivan Lyashenko was assigned to the Life Guards of His Majesty's 3rd Infantry Regiment. It dates back to July 1799, when by decree of Emperor Paul I the Life Guards Garrison Battalion was formed “from the honored ranks of the Guard, unable to endure hardships military service“… They were simply lonely veterans of the Suvorov-Potemkin campaigns, participants in the storming of Izmail, the immortal attack on the Devil's Bridge. From the awards that this unit had - three St. George's banners - it can be judged that the Life Guards distinguished themselves in battles against the troops of Napoleon and the Turks.
At the time of Ivan Lyashenko's active service, this military formation had the name - Life Guards Rifle regiment (so far without specific numbering). Emperor Nicholas II was present when Ivan Lyashenko took the oath. And this is not accidental at all. From the moment of his coronation (1894), by the grace of God, the king took over the regiment. Award banners were fluttering in the Neva wind, drums beat out to the beat of the chased step. The newly minted Life Guards (consider the imperial palace unit) were wearing brand new ceremonial uniforms. And the shako to match the gilded shoulder straps, and the ceremonial saber in the hands just sparkles. They answered in chorus to the tsar's greeting "Great, well done!"
The everyday life of a soldier's drill dragged on. Ivan Lyashenko was appointed private of the fourth company. Shooting skills came in handy. Ever since childhood, he walked the local Sophia beams and yars with a gun. Now on a trotting hare, then on ducks. A year later, life-shooter Ivan Lyashenko excelled in the shooting. Then he received his first award - the badge "For excellent shooting" 3 tbsp. Over time, he will deserve both the second and first degrees. Also, a watch - pure silver creation - in addition to everything. Then the whole Sofiyivka will come to gaze at the metropolitan curiosity.
Few then even had "walkers" in a modest household. And then there is also a personalized inscription: "To Ivan Lyashenko for faithful service and valor." This is their compatriot so the king-father granted. I passed it from hand to hand publicly on the regimental parade ground. The father was most happy for his son then. At the end of the service, Corporal Lyashenko commanded the squad. From this position in April 1908 he was sent to the reserve.
We have no information about the whereabouts of Ivan Timofeevich after demobilization. How not to recall the mention of A.I. Prokopchuk about the full Georgievsky cavalier from the Starodobrovolsky mine named Lyashenko. If this is him, he could work at the mine, having super honorable regalia, only after the 1st World War. For "our" Lyashenko earned his full bow precisely in the trenches of the war of 1914-1918.
For the second time, Ivan Timofeevich was called up for service one and a half months before the start of the war with the Austro-Germans. The General Staff of the Imperial Army had already begun covert mobilization. Ivan Lyashenko fell under it. Immediately arrived at familiar places where the white nights had just ended. Became under the banner of the famous Preobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment. With him, he left for the theater of military operations, which unfolded like a bloody bacchanalia in the strip of the North-Western Front. The regiment glorified its banners in the Riga and Petrograd directions.
In those years, the Life Guards were alternately subordinate to Major Generals Andrian Usov and Nikolai Krivitsky. Equally crosses and medals were presented to Ivan Lyashenko by these soldiers' fathers. Preserved numbers of St. George's crosses and medals of our compatriot, Yekaterinoslav. Medals "For Bravery" 4 tbsp. under No. 1163723, 3 st. - No. 125 594, 2 st. - No. 38955, 1 st. - No. 19439. Two of them, the hero of defense and bayonet attacks, junior non-commissioned officer Ivan Lyashenko received from the hands of Usov and the last two, gilded, - Krivitsky. At the time of the presentation to the brave Life Guardsman of the third St. George cross Major General Nikolai Nikolaevich Krivitskiy possessed a unique award - the Georgievsk weapon for “leading the battalions' offensive and attack on the Eziorskiy and Zarashovskiy forests and the village“ for the destruction of an enemy convoy with shells and provisions by a raid. Zarashovo, and gave the opportunity to cover the flank of the enemy positions, which entailed a complete retreat of the latter, captured 90 prisoners and was wounded by shrapnel shrapnel.
As part of the Preobrazhensky regiment, Ivan Lyashenko did not fight for long, he was transferred to the 3rd Infantry Regiment of His Majesty, his own for him in active service, his Majesty's 3rd Infantry Guards.
He survived the hell of the First World War. He returned home, maybe then he moved to the south of Kryvbas. There is no clear data on this, as well as on further destiny the owner of the full St. George's bow ensign Ivan Timofeevich Lyashenko.
, "Chervoniy girnik".
Ivan Mikhailovich Lyashenko (- February 9) - commander of the artillery battery of the 109th infantry regiment 74th Infantry Division, 13th Army of the Central Front, senior lieutenant.
Biography
Born in 1921 in the district town of Yuzovka, Donetsk province of the Ukrainian SSR. In the Red Army since 1939. In 1941 he graduated from the artillery school. Member of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. He took part in the battles at the Kursk Bulge, in the crossing of the Dnieper.
During the battles for the bridgehead on the Desna River on September 12, 1943, he helped to hold the line. In the battles for the bridgehead on the banks of the Dnieper, he controlled the battery fire, inflicting heavy damage on the enemy in manpower.
On October 16, 1943, Senior Lieutenant Ivan Mikhailovich Lyashenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary performance of the command's combat missions and the courage and heroism shown at the same time.
Sources
... Heroes of the Country website. Retrieved September 25, 2013.
- Heroes Soviet Union: Brief biographical dictionary / Prev ed. Collegium I. N. Shkadov. - M .: Military Publishing, 1988. - T. 2 / Lyubov - Yashchuk /. - 863 p. - 100,000 copies - ISBN 5-203-00536-2.
- Dnieper is a river of heroes. Kiev, 1983.
- Cavaliers of the Golden Star. Donetsk: Donbass, 1976.
- Forever in the heart of the people. 3rd ed., Add. and rev. Minsk, 1984.
- A. A. Trokaev Heroes of the fiery years. Donetsk: Donbass, 1985.
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An excerpt characterizing Lyashenko, Ivan Mikhailovich
- Why have you never been to Annette? The little princess asked Anatole. “But I know, I know,” she said with a wink, “your brother Hippolyte told me about your affairs. - ABOUT! She shook her finger at him. - Even in Paris I know your pranks!- And he, Hippolyte, did not tell you? - said Prince Vasily (addressing his son and grabbing the princess by the hand, as if she wanted to run away, but he barely had time to hold her back), - but he did not tell you how he himself, Hippolytus, dried up over the dear princess and how she le mettait a la porte? [kicked him out of the house?]
- Oh! C "est la perle des femmes, princesse! [Ah! This is a pearl of women, princess!] - he turned to the princess.
For her part, m lle Bourienne did not miss the opportunity to enter into a general conversation of memories at the word Paris. She allowed herself to ask how long Anatole left Paris, and how he liked this city. Anatole very willingly answered the Frenchwoman and, smiling, looking at her, talked to her about her country. Seeing pretty Bourienne, Anatole decided that here, in Bald Mountains, it would not be boring. “Very nice! - he thought, looking at her, - this demoiselle de compagn is very nice. [companion.] I hope she will take her with her when she marries me, he thought, la petite est gentille. [the baby is cute.]
The old prince dressed slowly in his study, frowning and pondering what to do. The arrival of these guests angered him. “What do I want Prince Vasily and his son? Prince Vasily is a braggart, empty, well, and the son must be good, ”he grumbled to himself. He was angry that the arrival of these guests raised in his soul an unresolved, constantly drowned out question - a question about which old prince always deceived himself. The question was whether he would ever decide to part with Princess Marya and give her to her husband. The prince never directly dared to ask himself this question, knowing in advance that he would answer with justice, and justice contradicted more than feeling, but the whole possibility of his life. Life without Princess Marya for Prince Nikolai Andreevich, despite the fact that he seemed to value her little, was unthinkable. “And why should she get married? - he thought, - probably to be unhappy. Look Liza behind Andrey (it seems difficult to find a better husband now), but is she happy with her fate? And who will take it out of love? Ugly, awkward. Taken for connections, for wealth. And don't they live in girls? Even happier! " So thought, dressing, Prince Nikolai Andreevich, and at the same time the entire postponed question demanded an immediate solution. Prince Vasily brought his son, obviously with the intention of making an offer and, probably, today or tomorrow will demand a direct answer. Name, decent position in the world. “Well, I’m not averse,” the prince said to himself, “but let him be worth it. This is what we'll see. "
1905-1950
Hero of the Soviet Union (03/05/1948), 2nd class test pilot (1945), lieutenant colonel.
Born on October 16, 1905 in the city of Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Territory. He worked as a laborer, a worker.
In 1927-1930 he served in the army (in the cavalry). In 1932 he graduated from the Kuban Agricultural Rabfak.
In the army since 1932. In 1932-1933 he studied at the Luhansk Military Aviation School of Pilots (VASHP), in 1934 he graduated from the Kachinskaya VASHP. He served in combat units of the Air Force.
Participant soviet-Finnish war: in November 1939-March 1940 - the commander of the aviation squadron of the 26th fighter aviation regiment.
1940-1941 - test pilot of the plant number 24 (Moscow); tested aircraft engines.
In 1941 - test pilot at the Flight Research Institute.
Participant of the Great Patriotic War: in July-September 1941 - pilot of the 2nd separate fighter aviation squadron (Moscow air defense).
1941-1943 - test pilot of the aircraft plant No. 1 (Kuibyshev); tested serial IL-2.
In 1943-1945 - test pilot of the aircraft plant №301 (Khimki); tested serial Yak-9.
From August 1945 - on flight test work in the design bureau of A.I. Mikoyan. Raised into the sky and tested the MiG-9M (FR) (July 1947), MiG-9 (FF) (05.24.1948), MiG-15/3 (S-03) (06.15.1948), MiG-15P (SP -1) (December 1949), MiG-17 (SI) (01/17/1950), participated in the tests of the MiG-9, MiG-15 and their modifications, I-250.
Died on March 17, 1950 in a test flight on an experimental MiG-17 (SI).
Having reached 11,000 m, he completed the planned program and, not discovering anything new in the behavior of the machine, he dropped to 5,000 m. Suddenly the plane entered a steep dive. Despite all his experience, the pilot could not cope with the situation and did not even have time to transmit a word on the radio. The SI crashed into the ground with great speed. The pilot died, and only small debris remained from the car.
To understand the reasons for what happened, it was necessary to continue flight experiments. Even before the death of I.T.Ivashchenko, A.I. Mikoyan invited the military test pilot G.A. Sedov, who had previously worked at the Air Force GKNII, to the Design Bureau. In March 1950, he began flights on an experimental SI-2, the construction of which was completed at the beginning of the year. In one of the flights, Sedov found himself in conditions close to those that led to the death of Ivaschenko. After exceeding the speed of 1000 km / h, the stabilizer began to flutter, as a result of which the elevators were largely destroyed - about 40% of the area remained of them, the outer parts were torn off symmetrically on both sides. The pilot managed to bring the fighter to climb, reduce the engine speed and reduce the speed. Later, GA Sedov recalled: “I prepared for this regime in advance, since we knew that the destruction of the horizontal tail on the first prototype occurred at a speed of 1020-1044 km / h. The pilot's quick reaction has nothing to do with it. When all this happened, the plane was in a normal position and even began to turn up a little nose. I tried the elevators - the car obeys. True, during the landing approach, when the speed dropped, there was a danger that the area of \u200b\u200bthe remaining rudders would not be enough, but everything worked out, and the prototype was saved. "
Ivaschenko lived in Moscow. Buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, the Order of the Patriotic War of the 2nd degree, the Order of the Red Star, medals.
Lyashenko Ivan Mikhailovich - commander of the artillery battery of the 109th rifle regiment of the 74th rifle division of the 13th army of the Central Front, senior lieutenant.
Born in 1921 in the city of Yuzovka, now regional center Donetsk region of Ukraine - the city of Donetsk. Ukrainian. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1943. Graduated high school No. 93 of the city of Donetsk.
In the Red Army since 1939. In 1941 he graduated from the artillery school. Member of the Great Patriotic War since June 1941. He took part in battles on Kursk Bulge, in crossing the Dnieper.
The commander of the artillery battery of the 109th rifle regiment (74th rifle division, 13th Army, Central Front) Senior Lieutenant Ivan Lyashenko during the battles for a bridgehead on the Desna River near the village of Obolon, Koropsky district of Chernigov region of Ukraine on September 12, 1943, helped to hold the line.
In the battles for the bridgehead on the banks of the Dnieper near the village of Kolyban, the Bragin district of the Gomel region of Belarus, he skillfully controlled battery fire, inflicting heavy damage on the enemy in manpower.
Haveby the kaz of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 16, 1943, for the exemplary fulfillment of the combat missions of the command on the front of the struggle against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, Senior Lieutenant Lyashenko Ivan Mikhailovich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
But the brave artilleryman was not destined to receive the highest award of the Motherland. Senior Lieutenant I.M. Lyashenko died in battle on February 9, 1944. Buried in the city of Zhashkov, Cherkasy region of Ukraine.
He was awarded the Orders of Lenin, Alexander Nevsky, the First Degree of the Patriotic War, the Red Star.
The name of the Hero of the Soviet Union I.M. Lyashenko wears a street in Donetsk.
Senior Lieutenant Ivan Mikhailovich Lyashenko served in one of the divisions of the renowned 13th Army. The very same army that took on the main blow of the German fascist troops at the Kursk Bulge. Its soldiers and officers passed all the tests, repelled the fierce offensive of the Nazis, and then launched a counteroffensive and fought to the Dnieper. They were the first to cross the mighty Ukrainian river in the Mnevo section - the mouth of the Pripyat River. The crossing began at dawn on September 22, 1943. On rafts of logs and empty barrels, on fishing boats, or even simply on raincoats filled with hay, rifle units rushed through the water barrier. Cannons were also transported on rafts.
By the end of the day, the Soviet units had firmly seized the bridgehead on the right bank of the Dnieper. The enemy pulled four tank divisionstrying to stop the further advance of the advanced units of the Red Army. But our gunners boldly met the enemy. Great skill, enviable endurance, exceptional courage was shown by the battery of 76-mm cannons, commanded by senior lieutenant I. M. Lyashenko. The gun crews allowed the tanks to close quarters and, rolling the cannon into direct fire, opened accurate fire.
The lead tank stopped. A few more moments passed, and black clouds of smoke enveloped the car. The Nazis began to jump out of the burning tank, but our infantrymen destroyed them with well-aimed fire. Meanwhile, other enemy vehicles continued to go. The shell hit one of them directly in the frontal armor, but could not penetrate it. The gunners were not taken aback.
Hit the tracks! - ordered Lyashenko. A few more well-aimed shots, and the tank with the broken track involuntarily turned sideways to our guns. And this is certain death for him. The Germans realized that they would not have time to do anything.
The 76mm round easily penetrated the side armor. None of the fascists were able to escape.
When the third tank also flared up, the enemy infantry lay down. The attack was thwarted.
Forward! For the Motherland! Hooray!
And our rifle unit launched a counterattack.
The enemy tried many times to throw our troops into the river, to prevent the expansion of the bridgehead. But he had no success. The artillerymen skillfully repelled all tank attacks. Meanwhile, from the left bank, all went and went new units.
The battery of I. M. Lyashenko also distinguished itself when crossing the Pripyat River. The cannon, the fire of which was corrected personally by the commander, hit especially well, covering the crossing of our soldiers.
A difficult situation arose in the battle for the village of Kolyban. The infantry cover of the battery lagged behind, and at that time, near a battalion of German machine gunners, they launched an attack on the position that had just been comma comma. Not even all the guns were ready for battle. But the commander was not taken aback. He personally stood at one of the cannons and opened fire with fragmentation shells. The front ranks of the Nazis lay down, the pace of the attack dropped. And at this time, and other guns opened fire. Without the support of the infantry, the gunners managed to repel the attack. More than 100 German soldiers and officers remained on the battlefield.
The command has repeatedly noted the exceptional personal courage of Senior Lieutenant Lyashenko, his wonderful commanding talent. This is evidenced by the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree and the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
And on October 26, 1943, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Ivan Mikhailovich Lyashenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The communist I. M. Lyashenko always walked in the forefront of the attackers, showing a personal example of selfless service to the Motherland. In one of the battles in February 1944, I.M. Lyashenko died a heroic death.