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✪ 32 Cognitive Psychology
✪ Age-related psychology... Phased formation of mental actions according to Halperin
✪ Performance "Interiorization III"
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Psychology
Internalization of communication processes
Mental processes of a person are subject to changes in the situation of communication, since communication in a certain "latent" form is contained in them even when the person is alone. The structure of human mental functions has many similarities with the structure of communication processes. This, in turn, occurs due to the fact that mental functions are formed "in early ontogenesis during the interiorization of communication processes."
In the process of human ontogenesis, internalization is taking place, a certain process as a result of which stable, deep, synchronous structures of the human psyche are created, similar to the "a priori social forms" of the human psyche. These social mechanisms of the psyche, in turn, determine the nature of the "overlying" changing, diachronic mental processes (respectively, the "speech" of the psyche) of a person (emotional and cognitive), determine their character as social processes. In this vein, interiorization acts as a "mechanism for the formation of a mechanism" (the social mechanism of the human psyche).
Interiorization does not have a predominant relation to some specific mental process (memory, perception, etc.), but equally determines the social forms of all mental processes. The results of interiorization relate to the perception of specific sociocultural information (however, in this case, they manifest themselves especially clearly): everything that is perceived (both in the broad and in the narrow sense this concept), a person perceives in social forms.
As a result of the processes of interiorization, a peculiarity of the structure of human mental processes appears, due to which their course differs from the course of similar processes in animals.
The prerequisite for interiorization is an unconscious internal plan (in a child in early ontogenesis). As a result of interiorization, this internal plan changes qualitatively, as the plan of consciousness is formed.
As a result of interiorization, a number of stable social structures psyche, thanks to which consciousness exists. In addition, the result of interiorization is the formation, on the basis of consciousness, of certain detailed internal actions.
Interiorization, on the one hand, occurs only in the process of communication (obviously with adults), on the other hand, in the course of transferring an action (which can be performed by a person when he is completely alone) from the external plane to the internal, mental one.
Communication and interiorization connection
There is a close connection between communication and interiorization: with the gradual formation of mental actions within the framework of communication between those who form and in whom they form, interiorization actually takes place and at the same time plays a major role in this formation. “The process of formation is the activity of one person, the one in whom mental actions are formed; his individual activity, and not his interaction with the “other”. This “other” (formative) is one of the external elements of activity ”.
L. S. Vygotsky came to the following conclusion: the formation of the basic social structures of human consciousness occurs in the process of communication. In this case, the main point is the formation of what is called the symbolic-semiotic function of the psyche, the function due to which a person can perceive the world around him in a special "quasi-dimension" system of meanings and a semantic field.
The symbolic-semiotic function is created in the process of interiorization. The system of social relations undergoes interiorization, to the extent that it is "written down", is represented in the structure of communication between an adult and a child. This structure, expressed in signs, is internalized, "rotates" and "passes" into the child's psyche. The result of internalization is that the structure of the child's psyche is mediated by internalized signs and the basic structures of consciousness are formed.
Internalized signs are acquired only and exclusively in the process of communication. Nevertheless, ontogeny acts as a determinant of structure. The structure of these signs reflects their origin.
And the initial situation, the structure of which is internalized, is communication, and the internalized, internal structure carries in itself and in its elements a curtailed communication, called dialogism.
Dialogue, as a hidden mechanism of mental functions, plays a huge role; communication or curtailed dialogue are viewed as “embedded” into the deep, internalized structures of the psyche.
In addition, the function of meaning has a dialogical structure (that is, it carries knowledge management, curtailed relations of the subject-subject type).
Which reveals and human consciousness through various forms of activity. In addition, the psyche and consciousness by some researchers are also designated by the types of activity, internal. They come from external, objective human actions. In this regard, two fundamentally important terms arose in psychology: interiorization and exteriorization. These are processes that characterize the development of various forms of human activity (external and internal).
Forms of human activity in psychology
External human activity, according to the activity approach in psychology, is represented by visible human behavior: practical operations, speech. The internal form of activity is mental, invisible to other people. For a long time, the subject of study of psychology was only internal activity, because the external was considered its derivative. Over time, the researchers came to the conclusion that both forms of activity constitute a single whole, depend on each other, and are subject to the same laws (the presence of an incentive need, motive and goal). And interiorization and exteriorization are the mechanisms of interaction of these forms of human activity.
The ratio of interiorization and exteriorization
Interiorization and exteriorization are interrelated processes, mechanisms through which the process of assimilation of social experience by a person takes place. A person accumulates the social experience of generations through the demonstration of tools and speech to him. This is interiorization, an active internal process of the formation of consciousness on the basis of acquired experience.
On the basis of the acquired signs and symbols of society, a person forms his actions. This is the reverse process. The existence of one of them is impossible without the previous one. The concept of "exteriorization" means, thus, the formation of a person's behavior and speech on the basis of his internally formed social experience in a certain pattern.
The concept of "exteriorization"
Exteriorisation is a process, the result of which is the transition of the internal (mental, invisible) human activity into external, practical. This transition takes on a sign-symbolic form, which means the existence of this activity in society.
The development of the concept was carried out by representatives of Russian psychology P. Halperin), but the first designation was given to him.In his cultural-historical theory, the psychologist expressed the opinion that the process of formation of the human psyche, the development of his personality occurs through the assimilation of cultural signs of society.
In the modern sense, exteriorization is the process of building and implementing external actions of a person, including verbal expression, on the basis of his inner mental life: personal experience, a plan of action, formed ideas and felt feelings. An example of this can be the assimilation of the educational influence by the child and its manifestation externally through moral actions and judgments.
Assignments life experience, the formation of mental functions and development in general. Any complex action, before becoming the property of the mind, must be realized outside. Thanks to interiorization, we can talk to ourselves, and actually think, without disturbing others.
Thanks to interiorization, the human psyche acquires the ability to operate with images of objects that are currently absent in his field of vision. A person goes beyond the framework of a given moment, freely "in the mind" moves into the past and into the future, in time and in space.
Animals do not possess this ability, they cannot arbitrarily go beyond the present situation. An important tool for interiorization is the word, and a means of arbitrary transition from one situation to another is speech action. The word singles out and consolidates in itself the essential properties of things and methods of operating with information developed by the practice of mankind. Human action ceases to be dependent on a situation given from outside, which determines all animal behavior. Hence, it is clear that mastering the correct use of words is at the same time mastering the essential properties of things and methods of operating with information. A person, through the word, assimilates the experience of all mankind, that is, tens and hundreds of previous generations, as well as people and collectives that are hundreds and thousands of kilometers away from him.
For the first time, this term was used in the works of French sociologists (Durkheim and others), where interiorization was considered as one of the elements of socialization, meaning the borrowing of the main categories of individual consciousness from the sphere of social experience and social ideas. The concept of interiorization was introduced into psychology by representatives of the French psychological school (J. Piaget, P. Janet, A. Vallon, and others) and the Soviet psychologist L. S. Vygotsky.
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Synonyms:See what "Interiorization" is in other dictionaries:
interiorization - (from Lat. interior internal) the formation of internal structures of the human psyche due to the assimilation of the structures of external social activity. The concept of I. was introduced by French psychologists (P. Janet, J. Piaget, A. Wallon, and others). In a similar ... ... Big psychological encyclopedia
- (French iiiteriorisalion, from Latin interior internal), transition from outside to inside. In psychology, witnesses I. entered after the works of representatives of the French. sociological. schools (Durkheim et al.), where it was associated with the concept of socialization, meaning ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia
interiorization - and, w. intériorisation f. Definition. The internalization of the criteria for moral assessment has taken place by replacing the Supreme with the law of individual consciousness. 50/50. Vocabulary Experience 113. Display windows in which Amsterdam prostitutes sit, logical ... Historical Dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language
- (from Lat. interior internal) transition from outside to inside; a psychological concept, meaning the formation of mental actions and the internal plan of consciousness through the individual's assimilation of external actions with objects and social forms of communication ... Large encyclopedic Dictionary
- [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
Noun., Number of synonyms: 1 transition (51) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
- (from lat.interior) eng. interiorization (inter nalization); German Interiorisation. The process of transformation of external real actions, properties of objects, social. forms of communication into stable internal qualities of the individual through the assimilation by the individual ... ... Encyclopedia of Sociology
INTERIORIZATION - (from French. interiorization - transition from outside to inside, from Latin. interior - internal). The transformation of external actions with material objects into internal, mental processes. It is a mechanism for the development of mental functions. I. is associated with development ... ... New Dictionary methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)
interiorization - Transfer inside, assimilation; the opposite concept is exteriorization, expression outside. Sexology topics ... Technical translator's guide
INTERIORIZATION- the form-e of the internal structures of the human psyche through the assimilation of the external social. d-ti. The concept of interiorization was introduced into the scientific lexicon by representatives of the French sociological school. In their works, it was associated with the concept of socialization and meant borrowing the main categories of individual consciousness from the sphere of social ideas; the transfer of social consciousness to the individual, at which the location, but not the nature of the phenomenon, changed. In a meaning similar to it, it was used by the French psychologist P. Janet, and later by A. Vallon and others.
The concept of interiorization acquired a fundamental significance in the cultural-historical theory of L.S. Vygotsky, where it is viewed as a transformation of the external object-related thing into the structure of the internal plane of consciousness. At the same time, Vygotsky mainly used the term rotation (a synonym for interiorization), by which he understood the transformation of external means and methods of d-ty into internal, the development of internally mediated actions from externally mediated actions. One of the main provisions of Vygotsky's theory was that any truly human form of the psyche initially takes shape as an external social form of communication between people and only then, as a result of internalization, becomes the mental process of an individual individual. It is in this transition from external, expanded, collective forms of d-ty to internal, curtailed, the individual. forms of its implementation, i.e. in the process of interiorization, transformation of the interpsychic into the intrapsychic, it carries out the psychic development of the ch-ka
AN Leontiev in his works concretized and developed a number of Vygotsky's provisions. In particular, he introduced into psychology the provision that the individual appropriates the achievements of previous generations. The need for interiorization is determined by the fact that the central content of a child's development is their appropriation of the achievements of the historical development of mankind, which initially appear before him in the form of external objects and equally external verbal knowledge. The child can reflect their specific social significance in his consciousness only by implementing d-ty in relation to them. The child cannot work out and fulfill this e-mail on his own. It should always be built env. people in interaction and communication with the child, i.e. in the external joint d-ty, in which the actions are presented in detail. Their fulfillment allows the child to assign values \u200b\u200bassociated with them. In the future, the independent advancement of the child's thought is possible only on the basis of an already internalized historical experience. Such an understanding of the necessity and essence of interiorization is internally connected with the theory of the development of the psyche of the ch-ka, according to which this development occurs not through the manifestation of innate and hereditary species behavior, not through its adaptation to a changing environment, but through the appropriation of the achievements of human culture by individuals. These provisions of Leontiev's theory serve as an essential concretization of the general genetic law mental development the child formulated by Vygotsky. These theoretical constructions of Leontiev received a concrete psychological reflection in the understanding of the processes of teaching and upbringing. According to Leont'ev, in order to build a mental action in a child, initially its content should be given in an external objective (or exteriorized) form, and then, by transforming it, generalizing and reducing it with the help of speech (i.e., through interiorization), turn this action into a mental ...
The problem of interiorization was touched upon in the works of S.L. Rubinstein. He believed that interiorization is not a "mechanism", but only a cut, a characteristic, a direction in which the process is going: interiorization does not lead from a material external d-ty, devoid of internal mental components, but from one way of existence mental processes - as a component of external practical action - to another way of their existence, relatively independent of external material action.
Apparently, there are not contradictions between all the considered psychological concepts, but differences, not substantive discrepancies, but an analysis of various aspects of the complex phenomenon of interiorization. This indicates the ambiguity of the concept of interiorization. However, terminological complexity does not prevent the construction of numerous psychological studies based on the mechanisms of interiorization.
Internalization is the formation of the internal structures of the human psyche through the assimilation of external social activity, the appropriation of life experience, the formation of mental functions and development in general. Any complex action, before becoming the property of the mind, must be realized outside. Thanks to interiorization, we can talk to ourselves, and actually think, without disturbing others.
Thanks to interiorization, the human psyche acquires the ability to operate with images of objects that are currently absent in his field of vision. A person goes beyond the framework of a given moment, freely "in the mind" moves into the past and into the future, in time and in space.
Animals do not possess this ability, they cannot arbitrarily go beyond the present situation. An important tool for interiorization is the word, and a means of arbitrary transition from one situation to another is speech action. The word singles out and consolidates in itself the essential properties of things and methods of operating with information developed by the practice of mankind. Human action ceases to be dependent on a situation given from outside, which determines all animal behavior. Hence, it is clear that mastering the correct use of words is at the same time mastering the essential properties of things and methods of operating with information. A person, through the word, assimilates the experience of all mankind, that is, tens and hundreds of previous generations, as well as people and collectives that are hundreds and thousands of kilometers away from him.
For the first time, this term was used in the works of French sociologists (Durkheim and others), where interiorization was considered as one of the elements of socialization, meaning the borrowing of the main categories of individual consciousness from the sphere of social experience and social ideas. The concept of interiorization was introduced into psychology by representatives of the French psychological school (J. Piaget, P. Janet, A. Vallon, and others) and the Soviet psychologist L. S. Vygotsky.
According to L. S. Vygotsky, every function of the human psyche is initially formed as an external, social form communication between people, as a labor or other activity, and only then, as a result of interiorization, becomes a component of the human psyche.
Subsequently, interiorization was studied by P. Ya. Galperin as a process and formed the basis of a systematic step-by-step formation.
The concept of interiorization is one of the key concepts in modern educational psychology in the United States.
F. Nietzsche had a peculiar understanding of interiorization. In his work Genealogy of Morality (1887), he wrote that "All the instincts that are not allowed to go outside are manifested within. This is exactly what I call interiorization."
Social development situation - completely peculiar, specific for a given age, exclusively unique and inimitable relationship between the child and the surrounding reality. (L. S. Vygotsky).
Neoplasms- mental and social changes that first arise at this age stage and which determine the course of further mental development. For example, the emergence of speech at an early age, a sense of maturity in adolescence.
Leading activity is an activity in most contributing to the mental and behavioral development of the child at a given period of his life and leading the development of himself (Elkonin D. B.).
The principle of leading activity was deeply developed in the works of A. N. Leontiev. The essence of this principle lies in the fact that, first of all, it is in the process of the child's leading activity in each period of his development that new relations, a new type of knowledge and methods of obtaining them are formed, which significantly changes the cognitive sphere and the psychological structure of the personality. Thus, each leading activity contributes to the appearance of qualitative features characteristic only for this age, or, as they are called, age neoplasms. But within the same activity characteristic of one age, different stages can be distinguished, and the development of the child at each of them is not the same. In the process of communication activity, the child's needs, goals, motives of activity are formed first of all.