Exam literature. Russian language, compulsory exam

This exam, according to polls of graduates, is considered one of the most difficult. There are several reasons: it is necessary to operate with a huge amount of information, it is required to write an essay, a lot of time is given (about 4 hours), and it turns out to be insufficient to successfully cope with all the tasks.

How can these problems be solved?

• Master the theory in order to confidently use it during the examination test;
• Learn to rationally plan time for the exam;
• Master the skills of writing quality essays in a given topic, concisely formulate a thought.

1. The main thing is to set a clear and precise goal. The goal is the result to which you go. To present the desired result, you need to make a list of preferred universities, where you plan to enter - each has its own passing score, which reaches 80 in the most prestigious educational institutions.
2. Take the necessary textbooks to review the theory of literature. In order for the preparation to be systematic and thorough, it is recommended to start by familiarizing yourself with - it specifically indicates all the points to which you should pay attention.
3. Make use of all resources for preparation, do not neglect schooling.
4. In the matter of writing an essay, training is needed and the help of a teacher or tutor who will check the essay, give his recommendations, and help analyze mistakes.
   

The structure of the test includes tasks that can be roughly divided into two types: testing and essay.

• The questions of the first part require knowledge of theory and literature of different centuries - from antiquity to modernity. Awareness of events, heroes, characters, problems, styles of works is assumed. Testing involves choosing the correct option from the proposed ones. More difficult questions relate to the establishment of correspondences, analysis of the poem, the examinee is given a fragment of a literary work and tasks for it that must be completed. The biggest challenge is work with poems, the definition of means of artistic expression.
• The second part involves formulating your own opinion in the form of an essay on a given topic. From the proposed options for topics, you can choose a suitable one - there are three of them, according to the periods of development of literature: Old Russian, classical, the latest literature... The criteria for evaluating the essay are: completeness of the disclosure of the topic, the logic of constructing the text, knowledge of terminology, factual accuracy, the ability to argue.

Codifier Is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions required for successful delivery final exam on literature. This guideline for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI, so that we narrow down our searches and stop at the information that will definitely come in handy in the X-hour. This list contains the main elements that make up literary studies, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed to conduct a competent and deep analysis of books. It is the skill of analysis that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what he read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works on the exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that pass in school are needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult ones) made it to the list. Therefore, the stage of preparation devoted to "rereading" will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature was passed only recently and has not yet managed to be forgotten. Thus, the graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and universally accepted guide to self-preparation.

It should be noted that not the most difficult books were chosen to pass the exam. For example, the disliked Doctor Zhivago is extremely rare in variants, since its study in the codifier of works is called "review", that is, there will be no full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov's prose a student may prefer either The Master and Margarita or The White Guard. It is not necessary to read both novels, it is enough to choose the simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the exam in literature is very helpful information for those who want to minimize preparation time.

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many verses, which also makes the preparation process easier. All of these poems are thematically related. Therefore, their systematic reading guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where it is necessary by analogy to select similar works and tell what unites them with the one given in the question. Of course, you don't need to memorize them, but you can make thematic collections of poetry for yourself and write down your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: "Sea", Ballad "Svetlana"
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: "Village", "Prisoner", "In the depths of Siberian ores ...", "Poet", "To Chaadaev", "Song of the prophetic Oleg", "To the sea", "Nurse", "K ***" ("I remember a wonderful moment ..."), "October 19" ("The forest drops its crimson dress ..."), "The Prophet", "Winter road", "Anchar", "On the hills of Georgia lies the night haze ...", "I I loved you: love still, maybe ... "," Winter Morning "," Demons "," Conversation of a bookseller with a poet "," Cloud "," I erected a monument not made by hands ... "," The daylight has gone out ... "," Sower of freedom ... "," Imitations of the Koran "(IX." And the traveler tired of God murmured ... ")" Elegy ", (" Crazy years, extinguished fun ... ")," ... Again I visited ... ". Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: "No, I'm not Byron, I'm different ...", "Clouds", "Beggar", "From under a mysterious, cold half-mask ...", "Sail", "Death of a Poet", "Borodino", "When the yellowing cornfield ... "," Duma "," Poet "(" My dagger shines with gold decoration ... ")," Three palms "," Prayer "(" In a difficult moment ... ")," And boring and sad "," No, not you so ardently I love ... "," Motherland "," Sleep "(" At noon heat in the valley of Dagestan ... ")," Prophet "," How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ... "," Valerik "," I go out alone on the road…". Poem "Song about ... merchant Kalashnikov". Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON. Nekrasov: "Troika", "I do not like your irony ...", "Railway", "On the road", "Yesterday, at six o'clock ...", "You and I are stupid people ...", "Poet and Citizen", "Elegy" ("Let the changeable fashion tell us ..."), "O Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ". Poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".
5. A.A. Fet: "Dawn bids farewell to the land ...", "With one push to drive away a living boat ...", "Evening", "Learn from them - from an oak, from a birch ...", "This morning, this joy ...", "Whisper, timid breath ... "," The night was shining. The garden was full of the moon. They were lying ... "," Another May night. "
6. A.A. Block: "Stranger", "Russia", "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...", "In a restaurant", "The river spreads out. Flows, lazily sad ... "(from the cycle" On the Kulikovo field ")," On the railway "," I enter the dark temples ... "," Factory "," Russia "," About valor, about exploits, about glory ... " , "Oh, I want to live madly ...". Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: "Could you?", "Listen!", "Violin and a little nervous", "Lilichka!" , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha "," Giveaway "," Letter to Tatiana Yakovleva. " Poem "A Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: "Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..", "Do not wander, do not wrinkle in the crimson bushes ...", "We are now leaving a little ...", "Letter to mother", "Feather grass is sleeping. Dear plain ... "," You are my Shagane, Shagane ... "," I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry ... "," Soviet Russia "," The road is thinking about the red evening ... "," The hewn tracks sang ... " , "Pushkin", "I walk the valley. On the back of the cap ... "," Low house with blue shutters ... "
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: "To my poems, written so early ...", "Poems to Blok" ("Your name is a bird in your hand ..."), "Who is made of stone, who is made of clay ...", "Longing for the homeland! For a long time ... "," Books in a red binding "," Granny "," Seven hills - like seven bells! .. "(from the cycle" Poems about Moscow ")
10. O.E. Mandelstam: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails ... "," For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries ... "," I returned to my city, familiar to tears ... "
11. A.A. Akhmatova: "The song of the last meeting", "I clenched my hands under a dark veil ...", "I don't need anything
    odic rati ... "," I had a voice. He called comfortingly ... "," Native land "," Tear-stained autumn, like a widow ... "," Primorsky sonnet "," Before spring there are such days ... "," Not with those who have abandoned the land ... "," Poems about St. Petersburg "," Courage ". Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: “February. Get ink and cry! .. "," Definition of poetry "," In everything I want to walk ... "," Hamlet "," Winter night "(" Melo, chalk all over the earth ... ")," No one will be in the house ... "," The Snow is Falling "," About These Poems "," Loving Others is a Heavy Cross ... "," Pines "," Hoarfrost "," July ".
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
Interesting? Keep it on your wall!

Literature is the main classical school subject, often selected for the Unified State Examination. The exam in literature is changed every time in order to complicate the process of passing. Changes are also planned for 2018. Graduates need to be well prepared to pass the test. They must read the works of the school curriculum, learn to express their thoughts competently, remember the specifics of specialized CMMs.

Who needs to take the literature exam

The Unified State Exam 2018 in literature is required for future students of linguistic, philological, ethnographic faculties. Other departments require the results of the Unified State Examination for:

• obtaining a specialty of a translator;
• teaching creative specialties - painting, theater arts, vocals;
• training in cinematography;
• teaching journalism, writing skills.

In the Unified State Exam 2018, literature is chosen not only because of the specialty received by students. It all depends on the requirements of a particular educational institution. The maximum possible result is possible when his choice is thought out in advance, voiced, documented. Tracking news regarding this test, they study all its subtleties. At the same time, the essay demonstrates the creative abilities of the applicant. They are developed in advance by writing draft texts. In addition to the literary exam, other tests may be added by the university administration. Future producers pass mathematics, actors pass a creative competition. The exact requirements are found out from the members of the examination committee, on the university website.

What changes are planned

The format of the Unified State Exam in literature for the next year will change as a result of the improvement of KIMs. The latest decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science indicate that The unified state examination will become more difficult... The structure of valid tickets excludes short answer questions. The new format increases the number of assignments that the graduate chooses independently. Now the text is compared with one work instead of two. The evaluation criteria have been significantly tightened. For a detailed answer, you need to use 50 words, the essay received a norm of at least 200 words. Compliance with the rules of the Russian language is mandatory.

For tasks 9 and 16, changes in the USE in literature provide for the cancellation of the justification for the example chosen for comparison. The final essay received the fourth theme. The criteria for assigning grades to assignments with a detailed answer have been revised, their numbers are 8, 9, 15, 16, 17. Other provisions of the Unified State Exam for literature in 2018 do not differ from last year's final test.

Current demo version

A demo version of the latter has been published on the Internet. version of the exam 2018 for literature. It was prepared by FIPI. Its task is to enable the examiners to get acquainted with the type, structure, typology of examination forms, and the procedure for filling them out. The USE in literature in 2018 is divided into two parts. Tasks in total 17. They should be completed in 235 minutes. Exceeding the time limit is not allowed.

The final essay must be submitted three times. Format - essay-presentation, writing time 4 hours. The result is presented as "pass" or "fail". The minimum passing score is 32 points, "excellent" will require 57 points. Preparing for USE graduates must understand that their answers are assessed for the presence of their own thoughts, the depth of understanding of the problem raised. For an essay, the following are relevant: the sequence of presentation, consistency, compliance with the norms of the Russian language.

• Download demo: ege-2018-lit-demo.pdf
• Download archive with specification and codifier: ege-2018-lit-demo.zip

The main areas of preparation for the exam

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in this subject begins with studying its current demo version. The goal is to understand the structure, form, logic of the test. You can download the demo on thematic sites dedicated to the One state examination... The theoretical material studied during the entire period of study must be repeated. Tests for 2016-2017 are being taken, several essays are being written on standard examination topics. Special attention to reading the recommended literature. The list contains 145 works, each of which was used in the preparation of exam tasks. Difficult topics are worked out with a tutor. When the test fails, the failed exam is retaken after 12 months. The test results will be appealed. The procedure is very complicated, unpleasant and lengthy. It is not worth admitting failure, because time destroys the knowledge gained in school, thus passing the exam will become even more difficult.

Every year, demo versions of the USE of the current year are published on the official website of the FIPI.

On August 21, 2017, draft documents were presented regulating the structure and content of the KIM USE 2018 (including demo version of the exam on literature).

There are documents that regulate the structure and content of CMM - codifier and specification.

USE in literature 2018 - demo with answers and criteria from FIPI

Total tasks - 17; of them by type of tasks: with a short answer - 12; with a detailed answer - 5; by difficulty level: B - 12; P - 4; IN 1.

Maximum score for work - 57 (significant changes compared to last year).

Changes in the Unified State Exam in 2018 in literature compared to 2017

1. Improved and brought closer to OGE criteria evaluating extended answers.

2. The algorithm of the expert's actions when evaluating detailed answers of different types has been simplified; ensured greater transparency in the formation of marks for individual tasks and work in general (for the expert and the examinee). The changes are aimed at increasing the objectivity of the assessment examination work and to strengthen the continuity between the forms of final control at different levels of school education.

3. Strengthened control over the quality of the examinee's speech (speech is assessed in the answers to all tasks).

4. The requirements for the performance of comparative tasks 9 and 16 have been clarified: there is no requirement in the instructions for them to justify the choice of an example for comparison, which is reflected in the criteria for their assessment.

5. Introduced the fourth task in part 2 (the themes of the essays vary, taking into account the genre and generic diversity of literary material and the literary era).

6. The maximum score for all work has been increased from 42 to 57 points.

7. The procedure for appointing expert 3 has been clarified.

8. The instructions for work and individual tasks have been improved (they more fully, consistently and clearly reflect the requirements of the criteria, give a clear idea of \u200b\u200bwhat actions and in what logic the examinee should perform)

Duration of the exam 2018 in literature

The duration of the exam in literature is 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes).

Distribution of CMM tasks by content, types of skills and methods of action

The list of content elements checked on the USE is presented in section 1 of the codifier. The list contains eight subsections. On the basis of subsection 1 “Information on the theory and history of literature”, certain terms and concepts are used in the formulations of the tasks.

The rest of the subsections distribute works fiction according to different literary eras:

From Old Russian literature;

From the literature of the 18th century;

From the first literature half of XIX in.;

From the literature of the second half of the 19th century; -

from the literature of the late XIX - early XX century;

From the literature of the first half of the XX century;

From the literature of the second half of the XX century - the beginning of the XXI century;

To compile the KIM USE, these subsections are combined into meaningful blocks. Each version of the examination paper must contain tasks from three content blocks:

1) Old Russian literature, literature of the 18th century. and the first half of the 19th century;

2) literature of the second half of the 19th century;

3) literature of the late XIX century - early XXI century;