30 years ago in Moscow, the head of the aviation design bureau, Igor Berezhny, was blown up in an official car. The news about the death of the chief designer of the KKBAS then spread almost instantly. Even though it happened in Moscow. After all, every second engineer and two-thirds of Kuibyshev's workers at that time worked at defense plants. Some veterans of these productions still remember how shocked they were at what had happened.

I fell into the "trap"
Here is what the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Leonid Brezhnev reported about a high-profile emergency in the capital, Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Yuri Andropov: “On February 4, 1981, at about 19 hours 30 minutes on the street. Kirov in Moscow in his official car during the opening of an explosive device of the "trap" type, camouflaged under a box of medicines and transmitted through employees, the chief designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS) of the Ministry of Aviation Industry of the USSR Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy, born in 1934, died from an explosion , Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of KuAI.
Due to the fact that Berezhnoy was a candidate for membership in the Kuibyshev City Committee of the CPSU, a deputy of the City Council and the head of the KKBAS, which was engaged in the development of important defense topics, a criminal case into his death was initiated on February 5, 1981 by the Investigation Department of the KGB of the USSR. Taking into account the personality of the deceased and the circumstances of his death, several investigative versions have been put forward and are being worked out in the case.
Nothing of the kind has ever happened either in Kuibyshev, or in Moscow, or even in the USSR in all the years of Soviet power. To physically eliminate a "secret" scientist in our country, and even in such an exotic way - something the KGB could not imagine even in a nightmare.

but on the other hand
However, in those years, almost no one knew about the second side of Igor Berezhny's life, carefully hidden from the public eye - about his participation in frauds under the guise of the KKBAS sign. It is possible that no one would have known about this if the above-mentioned emergency had not happened. After the explosion in the car and the death of the designer, the Committee took up KKBAS affairs. state security... On the fact of the state of emergency, a criminal case No. 59 was opened here, which the KGB themselves called "Kapkan".
And the results of the first checks shocked even the leadership of the KGB. During a subsequent audit, numerous abuses surfaced in the financial and economic activities of the bureau. As a result, the USSR Prosecutor's Office opened another criminal case on August 25, 1981 - first under Art. 170 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR (abuse of office), and then under Art. 93-1 (theft of state property on an especially large scale).
It turned out that the management of the KKBAS was simply writing off the inventory acquired at the expense of the budget. This involved the head of the technical department of the KB, 47-year-old Gennady Nerozya, his deputy, 28-year-old Vladimir Nekhoroshev, the photographer of the same department, 32-year-old Mikhail Tsygankov, and the head of the special technical bureau of the KKBAS in Moscow, 58-year-old Solomon Berenstein.
All of the above scammers were supposed to be arrested on the same day, but Tsygankov drank a lethal dose of dichloroethane before being detained. During the arrest, Nerozya also tried to commit suicide, in front of the investigator's eyes he stabbed himself in the stomach, but he was immediately taken to the hospital, where doctors saved his life. Nekhoroshev was soon released from the pre-trial detention center on recognizance not to leave, since the investigation considered that the total volume of abuses committed by him was not too great.
It turned out that on a special scale from all Nerozya, who, being a financially responsible person, copied and then sold at a good price literally everything that came to his hand: large consignments of imported film "Kodak", photographic film " Orvo-Chrome"And" Orvo-Color», Imported color photographic paper and chemicals, and so on. At the same time, Tsygankov helped him to sell the written-off deficit.
In addition, by mutual agreement, the robbers converted into cash and other material values \u200b\u200bregularly purchased by the KKBAS - televisions, projectors, furniture, ethanol, spare parts, fabric, etc. In total, during 1976-1981, fraudsters were able to steal state property totaling 21,266 rubles. Huge money at that time, considering that the average salary of an engineer did not exceed 120 rubles a month.
As for the role of Igor Berezhny himself, the following decision was issued by the investigator for especially important cases of the USSR Prosecutor's Office Nikolai Antipov: “... Berezhny's actions ... contain signs of a crime under Art. 92 h. 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR ". However, here the investigator decided: "The criminal case against Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhny should be terminated with further proceedings in connection with the death of the latter."

Prosecutorial decision
But, of course, the investigation was most interested in another question: who exactly and, most importantly, why did it take to eliminate Igor Berezhny? From the materials available in the case, it is clear that the KGB of the USSR almost immediately ruled out the possible participation of foreign special services in the case. Therefore, they began to look for the cause of the emergency in Kuibyshev, inside the KKBAS.
But the first perpetrators of the incident were named only three years after the death of Berezhny. The decree of the Investigative Department of the KGB of the USSR of January 30, 1984 says this: “... it was established that an improvised explosive device was transferred to Berezhny ... through other persons by Nerozya, who admitted that he had committed a crime on domestic grounds. In this regard, he was charged under item "d" of Art. 102 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "(premeditated murder under aggravated circumstances. - VE). After that, all the materials about the explosion were separated from the general criminal case and transferred for further actions from the KGB of the USSR to the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR.
It would seem that the investigation into the incident is almost complete. The main culprit has been identified, and now only some formalities need to be settled and the case brought to court. However, on November 12, 1984, the USSR Prosecutor's Office issued a resolution ... to terminate this criminal case due to "the lack of evidence of the charges brought against Neroza."
The author of these lines did not manage to find any information about whether after that the search for those responsible for the murder of the head of the secret Kuibyshev KB continued in the allied prosecutor's office. However, it is obvious that if the investigation continued, then it did not lead to the capture of any other criminals.

The killer is unknown
In the spring of 1985, the criminal case against Nerozi, Nekhoroshev and Berenshtein on the theft of state property on an especially large scale was transferred to the Kuibyshev Special Court. So in Soviet times, special units were called in the structure of all regional courts of the USSR, where criminal cases were heard, in which secret enterprises were involved in one way or another. The proceedings in this case were taken by judge Alexander Shchupakov, who at that time was the chairman of the special court. But despite the fact that then he considered only materials about the embezzlement, Shchupakov had his own version of the murder of Igor Berezhny.
- There is no doubt that Berezhnoy was aware of most of the abuses taking place at the KKBAS, - says Alexander Anatolyevich. - After all, it was he who endorsed many acts for the cancellation of material assets. At the same time, I believe that the main organizer of the embezzlement was not Nerozya at all, but Berenshtein, whose role in the investigation turned out to be very vague.
Once the head of the KKBAS received information that the regional KGB administration is very interested in his department. And this meant that a sanction was received from Moscow for these actions. Local initiative in such matters was completely excluded. Then Berezhnoy ordered to stop the theft at least temporarily. However, his henchmen balked. But Berezhnoy insisted, and the robbers decided: so that they would not be disturbed, the boss should be physically eliminated. Which was done on February 4, 1981.
This raises a reasonable question: why was his murder never solved? After all, this case was not dealt with by anyone, but the all-powerful KGB. My opinion on this matter is. As can be seen from the case, in 1984 the investigation into the murder was taken from the hands of the KGB and transferred to the prosecutor's office, whose leadership was then instructed from above not to identify the customer. It’s just that someone didn’t want the investigation to find out about the “big people” from Moscow involved in the theft of the KKBAS.
It remains to add that in August 1985, by the verdict of the Kuibyshev Special Court, Gennady Nerozya received 10 years, and Solomon Berenshtein - 8 years in prison. Vladimir Nekhoroshev got off with three years probation. And a year later, the Supreme Court of the USSR reduced the sentence for Berenshtein to 6 years.

Dossier
Igor Berezhnoy, born April 21, 1934 in Samara. From 1951 to 1957 he studied at the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute, then worked here at different departments. Already at that time, Berezhnoy showed himself as a talented experimenter. In 1966 he defended his Ph.D. thesis, and soon, with the assistance of Tupolev, Antonov, Myasishchev and others, an OKB was created as part of the Kuibyshev Aggregate Production Association " Aircraft and helicopter landing gear"- specially" for Berezhny. " In 1971 he successfully defended doctoral dissertation, and in 1972, on the basis of the above-named OKB, the KKBAS was formed. Berezhnaya headed this bureau until his death. He has authored over 200 scientific works, many inventions and scientific and technical developments, the most famous of which was the laser aircraft landing system "

I first heard about this tangled and complex case 5 years ago. And most importantly, the explosion of a large director from Kuibyshev subordinate to the USSR KGB in the center of Moscow in the mid-1980s was an unheard-of thing at that time. What role our V.A. Nekhoroshev played in this, and why the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR marinated him until 89 or 90, if he does not tell the film, Vladimir Alexandrovich himself will tell somehow.
Original taken from analizator_sam in the shadow of the past ...

And here is the long-awaited movie "Bomb for the Chief Designer"

The filming process took about an hour and a half - he set out his vision of those days, naturally, through the prism of the 35 years he had gone through ... the filmmakers were even interested in my amateur films - videos from 1976 and 1979 were taken for digitization, where the KBAS team went to field work and cleanup. ..

The date of the 30th anniversary of the tragic death of the Chief Designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KBAS), Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Igor Aleksandrovich BEREZHNY was marked by a massive surge in electronic and print media of the Media Holding libelous libel no one Valeria Erofeeva…
We'll dig in the recent Chronicles ...
The newspaper "Volzhskaya Kommuna" appendix "Saturday" dated October 7, 1995, the article "OPAL EDITOR ARRESTED":
“On September 25, operatives of the Samara GUVD in Simferopol detained Valery Erofeev, editor of the Samara newspapers Vremya Iks and Mikhail, who was on the wanted list. He was arrested on charges of brothel and pandering. Before the trial V. Erofeev will stay in a pre-trial detention center " …
The wrong bazaar from the "cockpit" crows, not "according to the concepts" - me and my "accomplices", "sharks from the red pots", the owner of "shaggy huts" calls "crooks" and "swindlers" ... , break through Erofeev's "oar" and "shlenka" ...
Answered the spiteful critics in an interview Igor Kondratyev on the site "RegionSamara.Ru" …

The "Berezhny case" of those old years is one to one "Khodorkovsky case" of our times ... at first, STATE CRIMES were charged under article 66 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "Terrorist attack" ... when the Basic Case for the ChKstov went rotten, they decided to serve a "wormy dish" under the sauce of Article 93/1 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "theft of socialist property on an especially large scale" ...
I will describe my "accomplices" in the "Berezhny case" - Investigation case of the General Prosecutor's Office of the USSR No. 19-55Сl under the heading "Top Secret" ...
Igor Alexandrovich BEREZHNOY - outstanding designer aerospace engineering, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences ... a man from the Future ...
Solomon Tovievich BERENSHTEIN - a party member since October 1941, an order bearer, a member of the Defense of Moscow, went to the German rear as a saboteur ... then a test engineer of the LII, an employee of the Minaviaprom ... the closest employee to the Chief in the KBAS ...
Gennady Afanasyevich NEROZYA - Berezhny's classmate, went with him all the design bureaus and airfields, was responsible for testing the chassis of the Soviet super-bomber T-100 ...
Mikhail I. TSYGANKOV - a photographer-artist, laureate of all-Russian and republican competitions ... he was greatly appreciated by the Chief - he personally invited him to work at the KBAS, entrusted important tasks ...

"Berezhny's case" was conducted by the Investigator for Particularly Important Cases under the USSR Prosecutor General, Senior Counselor of Justice Nikolay A. ANTIPOV - the legendary rake of the millionth "Fish Business" ...
In fact, there could not have been any "Kapkan" in the local KGB - from Kuibyshev, only the captain of the 8th Directorate of Internal Affairs worked in the Special Investigation Brigade. Vladimir Grigorievich TITARENKO... upon arrival from the "business trip", I unofficially informed the head of the department, the KGB colonel Yuri Fedorovich GRUSHIN about the state of the "case of Berezhny" ... for which he received scolding from Antipov - "You gave a" subscription ", and you divulge information ... you will sit down again with your friends in Lefortovo - they all remember how Berezhny and I played in preference ... again write down the bullet, only without the Chief!"…
Colonel Grushin (the brother of that very bard Valery) oversaw the KBAS ... during flight tests the attached KGB officer got seasick and vomited equipment - at the request of Yuri Fedorovich and the Chief, during debriefing, I did not mention the incident ... I was detained in Moscow with a weapon that did not I was able to pass it to the arsenal - the curator got rid of it ...

This murder is called the first contract murder in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy held a high position in Kuibyshev, he was predicted to become secretaries of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to get poisoned, the other stuck a knife into himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshevsky judge A.A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the investigation of this case, assured in his interview to the Volzhskaya Kommuna that Berezhnoy clearly helped to write off the values. According to one of the versions, sounded in the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" on behalf of the former designers who worked at the KKBAS, the contract murder was connected precisely with the illegal activities of the KB. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by the party elite of Kuibyshev, allegedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, which was going to transport certain goods on it.

"Samara Review" also gives an exotic hypothesis of the murder of Berezhny, which is associated with the beloved flight attendant L.I. Brezhnev. The only survivor of the criminal case initiated on the fact of abuse in the KKBAS, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply exponentially removed so that other prominent soviet designers "Did not protrude". Allegedly, the "Glissade" system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, was very interested in the Americans, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the United States. Opponents of this version claim that there was nothing special about Glissad, moreover, Pravda published its parameters at one time.

Ultimately, no one was charged with the murder of I.A. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the subordinates of the chief designer, who was subsequently convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" requested information about the criminal case opened over the murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who killed the chief designer in 1981 and for what remain unanswered today.

Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy (April 21, Balashov - February 4, Moscow) - designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences.

Biography

Born on April 21, 1934 in the town of Balashov, Nizhne-Volga Region.

Awards

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (03/10/1981, posthumously)
• Order of the Badge of Honor (04/26/1971)

Main publications

• On the torsion of prismatic rods made of an ideally plastic material taking into account microstresses // Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - 1963. - No. 5. - S. 154-157. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On the influence of viscosity on the mechanical behavior of elastic-plastic media // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1965. - T. 163. - No. 3. - S. 595-598. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On dissipative functions in the theory of viscoplastic media // Problems of continuum mechanics (to the 60th anniversary of Academician V.V. Novozhilov). - 1970 .-- S. 67-70. (with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On deformation models of the theory of plasticity and continuous media // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1970. - T. 40. - Issue. 3. - S. 553-557. (with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On the acquired anisotropy of plastic bodies // Continuum mechanics and related problems of analysis. Sat. articles dedicated. 80th anniversary of Academician N.I. Muskhelishvili. M., 1972.S. 601-605. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. V. Dudukalenko)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on the definition of the dissipative function // Fundamentals of plasticity: Collection of articles. proceedings of the symposium. Warsaw, 1973.S. 601-605. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on dissipative functions // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1973. - T. 123. - No. 6. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On some models built on the basis of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity mechanisms with variable defining parameters // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Mechanics solid... - 1974. - No. 1. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov)
• On the loading function for ideally plastic models // Selected problems of applied mechanics: Collection of articles. articles dedicated. 60th anniversary of academician V. N. Chelomey. M., 1974.S. 113-117. (in collaboration with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the construction of surfaces of complex rigid-plastic models // Mechanics of deformable bodies and structures: Collection of articles. articles. M .: Mashinostroenie, 1975.S. 62-70. (in collaboration with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the flow of a fluid with controlled viscosity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 3. - S. 582-584. (with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov, V. I. Zeiler)
• On some experiments with converging ring waves on the surface of a heavy liquid // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 4. - S. 810-811. (with D. D. Ivlev, R. K. Logvinova)
• On the defining inequalities in the theory of plasticity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1976. - T. 227. - No. 4. - S. 824-826. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• Dissipative function in the theory of plasticity // Mechanics of a deformable body: Interuniversity. Sat. Kuibyshev, 1977. Issue. 3.S. 5-22.
• Laser Leads to Landing // civil Aviation... - 1978. - No. 9. - S. 26-27. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On integral inequalities in the theory of an elastoplastic body // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1980. - T. 44. - No. 3. - S. 540-549. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• Defining inequalities in the theory of an elastoplastic body: Abstracts of reports. V All-Union Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Alma-Ata, 1981. (with D. D. Ivlev)

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An excerpt characterizing Berezhnaya, Igor Alexandrovich

- A persuasion is a brother to business. As he said by Friday, so he did, - said Plato, smiling and unwrapping the shirt he had sewn.
The Frenchman looked around uneasily and, as if overcoming his doubt, quickly threw off his uniform and put on his shirt. The Frenchman did not have a shirt under his uniform, and a long, greasy, flowered silk vest was put on over his naked, yellow, thin body. The Frenchman, apparently, was afraid that the prisoners who looked at him would not laugh, and hastily put his head into his shirt. None of the prisoners said a word.
- See, just right, - said Plato, pulling off his shirt. The Frenchman, thrusting his head and hands, without raising his eyes, looked at his shirt and examined the seam.
- Well, falcon, this is not a leap, and there is no real instrument; but it is said: you can't kill a louse without a tackle, - said Plato, smiling roundly and, apparently, himself rejoicing at his work.
- C "est bien, c" est bien, merci, mais vous devez avoir de la toile de reste? [Okay, okay, thanks, but where is the canvas, what's left?] - said the Frenchman.
“It will be even nicer the way you put it on your body,” said Karataev, continuing to rejoice at his work. - That will be good and pleasant.
- Merci, merci, mon vieux, le reste? .. - repeated the Frenchman, smiling, and, taking out the banknote, gave it to Karataev, - mais le reste ... [Thank you, thank you, dear, but where is the rest? .. Give the rest. ]
Pierre saw that Plato did not want to understand what the Frenchman was saying, and without interfering, he looked at them. Karataev thanked for the money and continued to admire his work. The Frenchman insisted on the remains and asked Pierre to translate what he was saying.
- What is the leftover for him? - said Karataev. - We would have gotten some important tweaks. Well, God bless him. - And Karataev, with a suddenly changed, sad face, took out a bundle of scraps from his bosom and, without looking at him, handed it to the Frenchman. - Ehma! - said Karataev and went back. The Frenchman glanced at the canvas, pondered, looked questioningly at Pierre, and as if Pierre's gaze had told him something.
- Platoche, dites donc, Platoche, - suddenly blushing, the Frenchman shouted in a squeaky voice. - Gardez pour vous, [Platos, and Platos. Take it for yourself.] - he said, feeding the scraps, turned and left.
- Here you go, - said Karataev, shaking his head. - They say they are infidels, but there is also a soul. Sometimes the old people used to say: the sweaty hand is too heavy, dry, stubborn. Himself naked, but gave it away. - Karataev, smiling thoughtfully and looking at the scraps, was silent for a while. - And the twists, my friend, the important ones will blow out, - he said and returned to the booth.

Four weeks have passed since Pierre was in captivity. Despite the fact that the French offered to transfer him from a soldier's booth to an officer's, he remained in the booth, which he entered from the first day.
In a devastated and burned-out Moscow, Pierre experienced almost extreme limits of deprivation that a person can endure; but thanks to his strong build and health, which he was not aware of until now, and especially due to the fact that these privations approached so imperceptibly that it was impossible to tell when they began, he endured not only easily, but also joyfully his position ... And it was at this very time that he received that calmness and self-satisfaction that he had vainly sought before. For a long time in his life he sought from different sides this peace of mind, harmony with himself, that which so struck him in the soldiers in the Battle of Borodino - he looked for this in philanthropy, in Freemasonry, in the scattering of secular life, in wine, in a heroic deed self-sacrifice, in romantic love for Natasha; he searched for it by means of thought, and all these searches and attempts all deceived him. And he, without thinking about it, received this reassurance and this consent with himself only through the horror of death, through privation and through what he understood in Karataev. Those terrible moments that he experienced during the execution seemed to have erased forever from his imagination and memories the disturbing thoughts and feelings that had previously seemed important to him. He did not even think about Russia, or about the war, or about politics, or about Napoleon. It was obvious to him that all this did not concern him, that he was not called and therefore could not judge all this. "Russia, yes, summertime, there is no union," he repeated the words of Karataev, and these words strangely reassured him. It seemed to him now incomprehensible and even ridiculous his intention to kill Napoleon and his calculations about the cabalistic number and the beast of the Apocalypse. His anger against his wife and anxiety that his name would not be put to shame now seemed to him not only insignificant, but amusing. What did it matter to him that this woman was leading there somewhere that life that she liked? To whom, especially to him, what did it matter if they found out or did not know that the name of their captive was Count Bezukhov?
Now he often recalled his conversation with Prince Andrey and completely agreed with him, only understanding Prince Andrey's thought somewhat differently. Prince Andrew thought and said that happiness can only be negative, but he said this with a touch of bitterness and irony. As if, while saying this, he expressed a different thought - that all the aspirations for positive happiness put into us are invested only in order to torment us, not satisfying us. But Pierre, without any ulterior motive, admitted the truth of this. The absence of suffering, satisfaction of needs and, consequently, the freedom to choose occupations, that is, the way of life, now seemed to Pierre as the undoubted and highest happiness of man. Here, now only, for the first time, Pierre fully appreciated the delight of food when he was hungry, drink when he was thirsty, sleep when he wanted to sleep, warmth when it was cold, talking with a person, when he wanted to speak and listen to a human voice. Satisfaction of needs - good food, purity, freedom - now, when he was deprived of all this, seemed to Pierre perfect happiness, and the choice of occupation, that is, life, now, when this choice was so limited, seemed to him so easy that he forgot the fact that the excess of the comforts of life destroys all the happiness of satisfying needs, and the greater freedom of choice of occupation, the freedom that education, wealth, position in the world gave him in his life, that this freedom makes the choice of occupation insolurably difficult and destroys the very need and the possibility of classes.