4 february 1774 All Pugachev rebels were sent to Kazan, while others were sworn in and signed that they would be loyal to the Empress. The capture of Samara and the severe punishment of the rioters completely subordinated this city to the government. * February 4 1925 Samara mechanic IS Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. He has a patent for it, but does not have the funds to make the model. Ryzhov works at the second gymnastics equipment factory. * February 4 1981 in Moscow, the head of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS), Doctor of Physics and Mathematics Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy, was killed by an explosion in a service car. In the course of the investigation it was established that an explosive device disguised as a box with medicines was handed over to him that day.

Grave of I.A. Berezhny

This day in the history of the region.

How the Pugachevites were punished

4 february 1774 General Mansurov reported from Samara to Kazan to General-in-Chief Bibikov, who led the military operations against the army of E. Pugachev, about the punishment of the Pugachevites with batogs. The harsh punishment of "Samara residents of different ranks" followed a warm meeting with Pugachev's associate Arapov and their other crimes.

As you know, the Pugachev ataman Ilya Arapov took Samara without a fight. Before his arrival, the commandant Balakhontsev, knowing about the atrocities of the Pugachevites, succumbing to rumors about a large number of people and guns in Arapov's detachment, on December 25, 1773, with officers and 36 soldiers fled the city in panic, leaving the artillery and most of the garrison personnel there. In 80 versts from the city, he waited for the approach of government troops and with them turned to Samara. He did not take part in the battle for her, he covered the baggage train with his people.

The remaining 340 soldiers of the garrison, the clergy and residents of the city greeted Arapov's detachment with bread and salt and bells. But the Pugachevites failed to keep Samara. On December 28, the rebels, poorly trained in military affairs, fled, having lost several hundred killed and wounded. A massacre began against the inhabitants who sided with the rebels. All who were involved in the riot were ordered "for fear of severely punishing with whips at a gathering of the people, saying that they should remain firm against the villains and should not spare their belly as loyal subjects."

The former commandant Balakhontsev was removed from office, put on trial, found guilty of surrendering the fortress to the enemy and leaving his post. Sentenced to death by hanging. However, the commander-in-chief P.I. Panin commuted the death sentence to the demotion of the former captain to the soldiers with the right of seniority.

General-in-chief A.I.Bibikov, who led the suppression of the Pugachev rebellion, sent a letter to the Archbishop of Kazan with instructions to replace and punish the clergy of Samara who had gone over to the side of the rebels (Pugachevites). There were 9 of them, all of them were sent to Kazan after the replacement arrived. Arriving from Simbirsk, Lieutenant Colonel Grinev figured out which of the city's residents was most guilty of supporting the rebels. All the rebels were also sent to Kazan, while others were sworn in and signed that they would be loyal to the Empress and would not have secret ties with traitors and robbers. The capture of Samara and the severe punishment of the rioters completely subordinated this city to the government.

Other events of this day in different years of the history of Samara:

4 february 1774 Mr. General Mansurov reports to Bibikov in Kazan about the cruel punishment of the Pugachevites with batogs. The brutal punishment of "Samara residents of different ranks" with batogs followed a heated meeting with Pugachev's associate Arapov and other crimes. Bibikov Alexander Ilyich - General-in-Chief, Senator. He supervised military actions against the army of E. Pugachev, including the operation to "cleanse the Samara district of rioters."

Arapov Ilya Fedorovich - associate of Yemelyan Pugachev and "marching chieftain" of the rebel army. A serf peasant who fled from his master.

4 february 1913 d. A meeting of the commission to determine the amounts of sick leave and other arrears was held. According to the decision of the Duma, in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov, it was decided to lay down arrears "completely hopeless to collect due to the extreme poverty of debtors."

4 february 1920 d. Unrest arose among the workers of the Pipe Plant. According to the Chairman of the Board of the Pipe Plant N.M. Yanson, on the basis of the introduction new system wages and under the influence of the agitation of the Mensheviks "and other hostile elements" unrest arose among the workers of the plant. In addition, workers are demanding more food rations.

4 february 1925 Samara mechanic IS Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. The Kommuna newspaper reported sensational news: Samara mechanic IS Ryzhov invented a new type of internal combustion engine. And already has a patent for it "from the Center". However, he does not have the funds to make the model. According to the expert commission of the Samara branch of the All-Russian Association of Inventors, the engine of the new type will be widely used in the Samara Territory, and then in other areas. Ryzhov is 44 years old. Works in Samara at the second factory for the manufacture of gymnastics equipment. Lives in the Monastyrsky village.

More about the events of this day from other sources:

4 february 1936 - In 1936, 8 million rubles are allocated for the construction and repair of bridges and sidewalks of the city, over 60 thousand will be covered with asphalt concrete square meters pavements.

1981 - In Moscow, the head of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KKBAS), Igor Aleksandrovich Berezhnoy, born in 1934, was killed by an explosion in a service car. In the course of the investigation it was established that an explosive device disguised as a box with medicines was handed over to him that day.

(Articles about Berezhny:

*

This murder is called the first contract murder in the history of the late USSR. Berezhnoy held a high position in Kuibyshev, he was predicted to become secretaries of the city party committee. Four subordinates of the chief designer of the design bureau were arrested on charges of fraud. During the arrest, one of them managed to get poisoned, the other stuck a knife into himself, but he was pumped out. Kuibyshevsky judge A.A. Shchupakov, who was involved in the investigation of this case, assured in his interview to the Volzhskaya Kommuna that Berezhnoy was clearly helping to write off the values. According to one of the versions, sounded in the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" on behalf of the former designers who worked at the KKBAS, the contract murder was connected precisely with the illegal activities of the KB. In particular, the planes of the secret enterprise were often used for other purposes by the party elite of Kuibyshev, allegedly the mafia was interested in this aircraft, which was going to transport certain goods on it.

"Samara Review" also gives an exotic hypothesis of the murder of Berezhny, which is associated with the beloved flight attendant L.I. Brezhnev. The only surviving defendant in the criminal case initiated on the fact of abuses in the KKBAS, V. Nekhoroshev, who received a suspended sentence, believes that Berezhny was simply exponentially removed so that other prominent soviet designers "Did not protrude." Allegedly, the "Glissade" system, developed under the leadership of Igor Alexandrovich, was very interested in the Americans, and they wanted to lure the scientist to the United States. Opponents of this version argue that there was nothing special about Glissad, moreover, Pravda published its parameters at one time.

Ultimately, no one was charged with the murder of I.A. Berezhny (they were removed from one of the subordinates of the chief designer, who was subsequently convicted of financial fraud in the design bureau). The authors of the film "Bomb for the Chief Designer" requested information about the criminal case opened over the murder in the archives of the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office. But these services reported that they did not have any materials. Thus, the questions of who and for what killed the chief designer in 1981 remain unanswered today.

I first heard about this tangled and complex case 5 years ago. And most importantly, the explosion of a large director from Kuibyshev subordinate to the KGB of the USSR in the center of Moscow in the mid-80s was an unheard-of thing at that time. What role our V.A. Nekhoroshev played in this, and why the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR marinated him until 89 or 90, if he does not tell the film, Vladimir Alexandrovich himself will tell somehow.
Original taken from analizator_sam in the SHADOW OF THE PAST ...

And here is the long-awaited movie "Bomb for the Chief Designer"

The filming process took about an hour and a half - he set out his vision of those days, naturally, through the prism of the 35 years he had gone through ... the filmmakers were even interested in my amateur films - videos from 1976 and 1979 were taken for digitization, where the KBAS team went to field work and cleanup. ..

The date of the 30th anniversary of the tragic death of the Chief Designer of the Kuibyshev Design Bureau of Automatic Systems (KBAS), Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Igor Aleksandrovich BEREZHNY was marked by a massive surge in the electronic and printed media of the Media Holding libelous libel no one Valeria Erofeeva…
We'll also dig in the recent Chronicles ...
The newspaper "Volzhskaya Kommuna" appendix "Saturday" dated October 7, 1995, the article "OPAL EDITOR ARRESTED":
“On September 25, operatives of the Samara GUVD in Simferopol detained Valery Erofeev, editor of the Samara newspapers Vremya Iks and Mikhail, who was on the wanted list. He was arrested on charges of brothel and pandering. Before the trial V. Erofeev will stay in a pre-trial detention center " …
The wrong bazaar from the "cockerel" crows, not "according to concepts" - me and my "accomplices", "sharks from the red pots", the owner of "shaggy huts" calls "crooks" and "swindlers" ... , break through Erofeev's "oar" and "shlenka"
Answered the spiteful critics in an interview Igor Kondratyev on the site "RegionSamara.Ru" …

The "Berezhny case" of those old years is one to one "Khodorkovsky case" of our times ... at first, STATE CRIMES were charged under article 66 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "Terrorist act" ... when the Basic Case for the ChKstov got rotten, they decided to serve a "wormy dish" under the sauce of article 93/1 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR "theft of socialist property on an especially large scale" ...
I will describe my "accomplices" in the "Berezhny case" - Investigation case of the General Prosecutor's Office of the USSR No. 19-55Сl under the heading "Top Secret" ...
Igor Alexandrovich BEREZHNOY - an outstanding designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences ... a man from the Future ...
Solomon Tovievich BERENSHTEIN - a party member since October 1941, an order bearer, a member of the Defense of Moscow, went to the German rear as a saboteur ... then a test engineer of the LII, an employee of the Minaviaprom ... the closest employee to the Chief in the KBAS ...
Gennady Afanasyevich NEROZYA - Berezhny's classmate, went with him all the design bureaus and airfields, was responsible for testing the chassis of the Soviet super-bomber T-100 ...
Mikhail I. TSYGANKOV - a photographer-artist, laureate of all-Russian and republican competitions ... he was greatly appreciated by the Chief - he personally invited him to work at the KBAS, entrusted important tasks ...

The Berezhny case was conducted by the Investigator for Particularly Important Cases under the USSR Prosecutor General, Senior Counselor of Justice Nikolay A. ANTIPOV - the legendary rake of the millionth "Fish Business" ...
In fact, there could be no "Kapkan" in the local KGB - from Kuibyshev, only the captain of the 8th Department of Internal Affairs worked in the Special Investigation Brigade. Vladimir Grigorievich TITARENKO... upon arrival from the "business trip", I unofficially informed the head of the department, KGB colonel Yuri Fedorovich GRUSHIN about the state of the "case of Berezhny" ... for which he received scolding from Antipov - "You gave a" subscription ", and you divulge information ... you will sit down again with your friends in Lefortovo - they all remember how Berezhny and I played in preference ... again write down the bullet, only without the Chief!"…
Colonel Grushin (the brother of that very bard Valery) oversaw the KBAS ... during flight tests the attached KGB officer got seasick and vomited equipment - at the request of Yuri Fedorovich and the Chief, during debriefing, I did not mention the incident ... I was detained in Moscow with a weapon that did not I was able to pass it to the arsenal - the curator otmazat ...

April 21, 1934 - 1981

outstanding designer of aerospace engineering, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences

Biography

He entered the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute in 1951. He worked at the Department of Physics, then at the Department of Aircraft Strength.

Killed in February 1981 - blown up in a company car while on a business trip to Moscow. Considered the victim of the first contract murder in the USSR. The investigation of the murder was carried out by the KGB and personally by Andropov Yu. V. The results of the investigation are unknown.

Main publications

• On the torsion of prismatic rods made of an ideally plastic material taking into account microstresses // Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - 1963. - No. 5. - S. 154-157. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On the influence of viscosity on the mechanical behavior of elastic-plastic media // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1965. - T. 163. - No. 3. - S. 595-598. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On dissipative functions in the theory of viscoplastic media // Problems of continuum mechanics (to the 60th anniversary of Academician V.V. Novozhilov). - 1970 .-- S. 67-70. (with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On deformation models of the theory of plasticity and continuous media // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1970. - T. 40. - Issue. 3. - S. 553-557. (with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On the acquired anisotropy of plastic bodies // Continuum mechanics and related problems of analysis. Sat. articles dedicated. 80th anniversary of Academician N.I. Muskhelishvili. M., 1972.S. 601-605. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. V. Dudukalenko)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on the definition of the dissipative function // Fundamentals of plasticity: Sat. proceedings of the symposium. Warsaw, 1973.S. 601-605. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on dissipative functions // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1973. - T. 123. - No. 6. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On some models built on the basis of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity mechanisms with variable defining parameters // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Mechanics solid... - 1974. - No. 1. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov)
• On the loading function for ideally plastic models // Selected problems of applied mechanics: Collection of articles. articles dedicated. 60th anniversary of academician V. N. Chelomey. M., 1974.S. 113-117. (in collaboration with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the construction of surfaces of complex rigid-plastic models // Mechanics of deformable bodies and structures: Collection of articles. articles. Moscow: Mechanical Engineering, 1975.S. 62-70. (in collaboration with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the flow of a fluid with controlled viscosity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 3. - S. 582-584. (with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov, V. I. Zeiler)
• On some experiments with converging ring waves on the surface of a heavy liquid // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 4. - S. 810-811. (with D. D. Ivlev, R. K. Logvinova)
• On the defining inequalities in the theory of plasticity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1976. - T. 227. - No. 4. - S. 824-826. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• Dissipative function in the theory of plasticity // Mechanics of a deformable body: Interuniversity. Sat. Kuibyshev, 1977. Issue. 3.S. 5-22.
• Laser Leads to Landing // civil Aviation... - 1978. - No. 9. - S. 26-27. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On integral inequalities in the theory of an elastoplastic body // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1980. - T. 44. - No. 3. - S. 540-549. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• Defining inequalities in the theory of an elastoplastic body: Abstracts of reports. V All-Union Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Alma-Ata, 1981. (with D. D. Ivlev)

Igor Alexandrovich Berezhnoy (April 21, Balashov - February 4, Moscow) - designer of aerospace technology, chief designer of the design bureau of automatic systems, professor, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences.

Biography

Born on April 21, 1934 in the town of Balashov, Nizhne-Volga Region.

Awards

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (03/10/1981, posthumously)
• Order of the Badge of Honor (04/26/1971)

Main publications

• On the torsion of prismatic rods made of an ideally plastic material taking into account microstresses // Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics. - 1963. - No. 5. - S. 154-157. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On the influence of viscosity on the mechanical behavior of elastic-plastic media // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1965. - T. 163. - No. 3. - S. 595-598. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On dissipative functions in the theory of viscoplastic media // Problems of continuum mechanics (to the 60th anniversary of Academician V.V. Novozhilov). - 1970 .-- S. 67-70. (with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On deformation models of the theory of plasticity and continuous media // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1970. - T. 40. - Issue. 3. - S. 553-557. (with D. D. Ivlev, E. V. Makarov)
• On the acquired anisotropy of plastic bodies // Continuum mechanics and related problems of analysis. Sat. articles dedicated. 80th anniversary of Academician N.I. Muskhelishvili. M., 1972.S. 601-605. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. V. Dudukalenko)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on the definition of the dissipative function // Fundamentals of plasticity: Sat. proceedings of the symposium. Warsaw, 1973.S. 601-605. (with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On the construction of a model of granular media based on dissipative functions // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1973. - T. 123. - No. 6. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, V. B. Chadov)
• On some models built on the basis of elasticity, viscosity and plasticity mechanisms with variable defining parameters // Izvestiya AN SSSR. Rigid body mechanics. - 1974. - No. 1. (jointly with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov)
• On the loading function for ideally plastic models // Selected problems of applied mechanics: Collection of articles. articles dedicated. 60th anniversary of academician V. N. Chelomey. M., 1974.S. 113-117. (in collaboration with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the construction of surfaces of complex rigid-plastic models // Mechanics of deformable bodies and structures: Collection of articles. articles. Moscow: Mechanical Engineering, 1975.S. 62-70. (in collaboration with D. D. Ivlev, V. I. Zeiler)
• On the flow of a fluid with controlled viscosity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 3. - S. 582-584. (with D. D. Ivlev, N. V. Gerasimov, V. I. Zeiler)
• On some experiments with converging ring waves on the surface of a heavy liquid // Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1975. - T. 223. - No. 4. - S. 810-811. (with D. D. Ivlev, R. K. Logvinova)
• On the defining inequalities in the theory of plasticity // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1976. - T. 227. - No. 4. - S. 824-826. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• Dissipative function in the theory of plasticity // Mechanics of a deformable body: Interuniversity. Sat. Kuibyshev, 1977. Issue. 3.S. 5-22.
• The laser leads to landing // Civil Aviation. - 1978. - No. 9. - S. 26-27. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• On integral inequalities in the theory of an elastoplastic body // Applied Mathematics and Mechanics. - 1980. - T. 44. - No. 3. - S. 540-549. (with D. D. Ivlev)
• Defining inequalities in the theory of an elastoplastic body: Abstracts of reports. V All-Union Congress on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Alma-Ata, 1981. (with D. D. Ivlev)

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An excerpt characterizing Berezhnaya, Igor Alexandrovich

- A persuasion is a brother to business. As he said by Friday, he did so, - said Plato, smiling and unwrapping the shirt he had sewn.
The Frenchman looked around uneasily and, as if overcoming his doubt, quickly threw off his uniform and put on his shirt. The Frenchman had no shirt under his uniform, and a long, greasy, flowered silk vest was put on over his bare, yellow, thin body. The Frenchman, apparently, was afraid that the prisoners who looked at him would not laugh, and hastily put his head into his shirt. None of the prisoners said a word.
- See, just right, - said Plato, pulling off his shirt. The Frenchman, thrusting his head and hands, without raising his eyes, looked at his shirt and examined the seam.
- Well, falcon, this is not a leap, and there is no real instrument; but it is said: you can't kill a louse without a tackle, - said Plato, smiling roundly and, apparently, himself rejoicing at his work.
- C "est bien, c" est bien, merci, mais vous devez avoir de la toile de reste? [Okay, okay, thanks, but where is the canvas, what's left?] - said the Frenchman.
“It will be even nicer the way you put it on your body,” said Karataev, continuing to rejoice at his work. - That will be good and pleasant.
- Merci, merci, mon vieux, le reste? .. - repeated the Frenchman, smiling, and, taking out the banknote, gave it to Karataev, - mais le reste ... [Thank you, thank you, dear, but where is the rest? .. Give the rest. ]
Pierre saw that Plato did not want to understand what the Frenchman was saying, and without interfering, he looked at them. Karataev thanked for the money and continued to admire his work. The Frenchman insisted on the remains and asked Pierre to translate what he was saying.
- What is the rest of it for? - said Karataev. - We would have gotten some important tweaks. Well, God bless him. - And Karataev, with a suddenly changed, sad face, took out a bundle of scraps from his bosom and, without looking at him, handed it to the Frenchman. - Ehma! - said Karataev and went back. The Frenchman glanced at the canvas, pondered, looked questioningly at Pierre, and as if Pierre's gaze had told him something.
- Platoche, dites donc, Platoche, - suddenly blushing, the Frenchman shouted in a squeaky voice. - Gardez pour vous, [Platos, and Platos. Take it for yourself.] - he said, feeding the scraps, turned and left.
- Here you go, - said Karataev, shaking his head. - They say they are infidels, but there is also a soul. Sometimes the old people used to say: the sweaty hand is too heavy, dry, stubborn. Himself naked, but gave it away. - Karataev, smiling thoughtfully and looking at the scraps, was silent for a while. - And the twists, my friend, the important ones will blow out, - he said and returned to the booth.

It has been four weeks since Pierre was in captivity. Despite the fact that the French offered to transfer him from a soldier's booth to an officer's, he remained in the booth, which he entered from the first day.
In a devastated and burned-out Moscow, Pierre experienced almost extreme limits of deprivation that a person can endure; but thanks to his strong build and health, which he was not aware of until now, and especially due to the fact that these privations approached so imperceptibly that it was impossible to tell when they began, he endured not only easily, but also joyfully his position ... And it was at this very time that he received that calmness and self-contentment for which he had vainly sought before. For a long time in his life he sought from different sides this peace of mind, agreement with himself, that which so struck him in the soldiers in the Battle of Borodino - he looked for this in philanthropy, in Freemasonry, in the scattering of secular life, in wine, in a heroic deed self-sacrifice, in romantic love for Natasha; he searched for it by means of thought, and all these searches and attempts all deceived him. And he, without thinking about it, received this peace and this consent with himself only through the horror of death, through privation and through what he understood in Karataev. Those terrible moments that he experienced during the execution seemed to have erased forever from his imagination and memories the disturbing thoughts and feelings that had previously seemed important to him. He did not even think about Russia, or about the war, or about politics, or about Napoleon. It was obvious to him that all this did not concern him, that he was not called and therefore could not judge all this. "Russia, yes, summertime, there is no union," he repeated Karataev's words, and these words strangely reassured him. It seemed to him now incomprehensible and even ridiculous his intention to kill Napoleon and his calculations about the cabalistic number and the beast of the Apocalypse. His anger against his wife and anxiety that his name would not be put to shame now seemed to him not only insignificant, but amusing. What did he care about the fact that this woman was leading there somewhere the life that she liked? To whom, especially to him, what did it matter if they found out or did not know that the name of their captive was Count Bezukhov?
Now he often recalled his conversation with Prince Andrey and completely agreed with him, only understanding Prince Andrey's thought somewhat differently. Prince Andrew thought and said that happiness can only be negative, but he said this with a touch of bitterness and irony. As if, saying this, he expressed a different thought - that all the aspirations for positive happiness put into us are invested only in order to torture us, not satisfying. But Pierre, without any ulterior motive, admitted the truth of this. The absence of suffering, satisfaction of needs and, consequently, the freedom to choose occupations, that is, the way of life, now seemed to Pierre as the undoubted and highest happiness of man. Here, now only, for the first time, Pierre fully appreciated the delight of food when he was hungry, drinking when he was thirsty, sleeping when he wanted to sleep, warmth when it was cold, talking with a person, when he wanted to speak and listen to a human voice. Satisfaction of needs - good food, cleanliness, freedom - now, when he was deprived of all this, seemed to Pierre perfect happiness, and the choice of occupation, that is, life, now, when this choice was so limited, seemed to him such an easy matter that he forgot the fact that the excess of the comforts of life destroys all the happiness of satisfying needs, and the greater freedom of choice of occupation, the freedom that education, wealth, position in the world gave him in his life, that this freedom makes the choice of occupation insolurably difficult and destroys the very need and the possibility of classes.