Nesmeyanov Alexander Nikolaevich (28.08. (09.09). 1899, Moscow - 12.01.1980, Moscow), Russian scientist-chemist, specialist in the field of chemistry of organoelement compounds, organizer of science and higher education, public figure, academician of the Academy of Sciences (AS) of the USSR.
Born into the family of Nikolai Vasilyevich Nesmeyanov, an employee of the Moscow City Council, who later was the director of the Bakhrushinsky orphanage in Moscow.
In 1917 A.N. Nesmeyanova graduated with a silver medal from the Moscow private gymnasium of P.N. Strakhov, and in 1922 - the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the Moscow state university (Moscow State University) with a degree in physics and chemistry and at the suggestion of academician N.D. Zelinsky was left at the university to prepare for a professorship.
After completing his postgraduate studies, A.N. Nesmeyanov in 1924-1938 worked as an assistant, associate professor (since 1930), professor (since 1934) of the department organic chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University. At the same time, he was the head of the laboratory of organic chemistry at the Institute of Fertilizers and Insectofungicides (1930-1934), a full member of the Institute of Chemistry, Moscow State University (1935-1938).
Since 1938, the scientific activity of A.N. Nesmeyanova was associated with the Academy of Sciences of the USSR: in 1935-1938. he was the head of the laboratory of organometallic compounds of the Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and from 1939 to 1954 he was the director of the I.O. N. D. Zelinsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR. At the same time in 1938-1941. A.N. Nesmeyanov was a professor and head of the Department of Organic Chemistry at the Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical Technology.
In 1944 A.N. Nesmeyanov returned to Moscow State University, taking the position of head of the Department of Organic Chemistry of the Faculty of Chemistry, which he headed until 1979. In 1945-1948. he was dean of the chemistry department of Moscow State University. At the same time in 1946-1948. was academician-secretary of the Department of Chemical Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1948 A.N. Nesmeyanov was appointed rector of Moscow State University and remained at the head of the university until 1951.
From 1951 to 1961 A.N. Nesmeyanov was the president of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
In 1954, he organized and headed the Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (INEOS; now INEOS named after AN Nesmeyanov RAS), remaining in the director's post until the end of his life. At the same time, at the INEOS Academy of Sciences of the USSR A.N. Nesmeyanov was in charge of the laboratory of organometallic compounds.
In 1963-1975. A.N. Nesmeyanov served as academician-secretary of the Department of General and Technical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
A.N. Nesmeyanov belongs to the greatest chemists of the twentieth century. Its main directions scientific activities - development of synthesis methods and study of the properties of organometallic compounds of non-transition and transition metals; organic synthesis; theoretical organic chemistry; synthetic and artificial food.
A.N. Nesmeyanov discovered the reaction of obtaining organomercury compounds by decomposition of double diazonium salts and metal halides, which was later extended to the synthesis of organic derivatives of many heavy metals (Nesmeyanov's diazo method); formulated the laws of the relationship between the position of a metal in the periodic table and its ability to form organic compounds; proved that the products of addition of salts of heavy metals to unsaturated compounds are covalent metal organic compounds; investigated the geometric isomerism of ethylene organometallic compounds, discovering the rule about the non-reversal of the stereochemical configuration in the processes of electrophilic and radical substitution at a carbon atom linked by a double carbon-carbon bond; developed fundamentally new ideas about the dual reactivity of organic compounds of a non-tautomeric nature; carried out a number of studies in the field of the chemistry of vinyl chloride ketones; developed the field of "sandwich" compounds of transition metals; carried out a large number of works on organophosphorus, organofluorine and organomagnesium compounds, metal carbonyls; discovered the phenomenon of metallotropy; laid the foundations for the creation of synthetic foods.
In 1934 A.N. Nesmeyanov, without defending a thesis, bypassing the degree of candidate, was awarded the degree of Doctor of Chemical Sciences and at the same time the academic title of professor. In 1939 he was elected a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Mathematical and Natural Sciences (specialty "organic chemistry"), and in 1943 - Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Department of Chemical Sciences in the same specialty.
Academician A.N. Nesmeyanov is an outstanding organizer of science. At the post of rector of Moscow State University A.N. Nesmeyanov did a great deal of work on the preparation of a project for a new complex of university buildings on the Lenin Hills, supervised the construction of a high-rise building of Moscow State University, equipping faculties, departments and laboratories of the country's main university with modern scientific, educational and laboratory equipment. As President of the USSR Academy of Sciences A.N. Nesmeyanov played an important role in the organization of new institutes of the Academy, incl. All-Union Institute of Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI), Institute of Biological Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Institute of World Economy and international relations (IMEMO) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Institute of the Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences. A.N. Nesmeyanov actively contributed to overcoming the catastrophic consequences for national genetics and the whole science of the consequences of the VASKhNIL session in biology, advocated the development of research in the field of cybernetics, was opposed to violating the integrity of the USSR Academy of Sciences, criticized the decisions of the Soviet authorities to transfer a number of institutes and laboratories of the USSR Academy of Sciences to sectoral ministries and departments. In 1961 A.N. Nesmeyanov "of his own free will" was forced to resign from the post of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Academician A.N. Nesmeyanov was a permanent member of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences since 1946. He headed many committees, councils and commissions in the USSR Academy of Sciences, including the Council for Coordination of Scientific Activities of the Academies of Sciences of the Union Republics and Branches, the Editorial and Publishing Council, the Scientific Council for Organoelement Chemistry, the Committee promoting the construction of hydroelectric power plants, canals and irrigation systems; he was the chief editor of the journal "Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR", chairman of the editorial board of the series "Materials for biobibliography of scientists of the USSR", chairman of the editorial board of the series "Popular science literature".
In 1947-1950. A.N. Nesmeyanov was a deputy and deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, and in 1950-1962. - Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. From 1947 to 1961 A.N. Nesmeyanov was the chairman of the Committee on Stalin (since 1956 - Lenin) Prizes in Science and Technology under the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
Academician A.N. Nesmeyanov introduced significant contribution in the formation of the peace movement in the USSR, in the development of international scientific, cultural and public relations. He stood at the origins of the Soviet Peace Committee (SKPM): in 1949 he was elected to the first composition of the Soviet Peace Committee and remained its member until the end of his life, in 1949 he was elected a member of the Standing Committee of the World Peace Congress, since 1950 was a member of the World Peace Council. A.N. Nesmeyanov participated in the 1st All-Union Conference of Peace Supporters (1949), the session of the Standing Committee of the World Peace Congress in Sweden, which developed the Stockholm Appeal (1950), the 2nd World Peace Congress (Warsaw, 1950), the session of the World Peace Council (Stockholm, 1954), World Peace Assembly (Helsinki, 1955). A.N. Nesmeyanov personally took part in the preparation of the first conference of scientists on atomic hazard, held in 1957 in the Canadian town of Pugwash, as well as in the organization of the Soviet Pugwash Committee under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1960, he took an active part in organizing and holding the 6th Pugwash Conference of Scientists "Disarmament and International Security" in Moscow, at which he delivered a speech.
A.N. Nesmeyanov was awarded the title of twice Hero of Socialist Labor, he was awarded the Lenin Prize and the USSR State Prize. He was awarded the Great Gold Medal by him. M.V. Lomonosov Academy of Sciences of the USSR, ashes of the DI. Mendeleev Academy of Sciences of the USSR, was elected an honorary and foreign member of the Academies of Sciences of Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, India, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia, the Royal Society of London, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the New York Academy of Sciences, the German Academy of Naturalists "Leopoldina », The European Society of Cultural Workers, the Chemical Society of Poland, the International Academy of Astronautics, the Indian Chemical Society. A.N. Nesmeyanov - Honorary Doctor of the University of Calcutta, Jena University. F. Schiller, University of Paris (Sorbonne), University of Bordeaux, Iasi Polytechnic Institute, etc.
Academician A.N. Nesmeyanov was awarded seven Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, Cyril and Methodius I degree (Bulgaria), medals "For the Defense of Moscow", "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 " and etc.
A.N. Nesmeyanov was buried in Moscow on Novodevichy cemeterym. His name was given to a street in Moscow, the Institute of Organoelement Compounds (INEOS) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a research vessel. RAS established a prize. A.N. Nesmeyanov, awarded for outstanding work in the field of chemistry of organoelement compounds; MSU established a scholarship to them. A.N. Nesmeyanov. A bust of A.N. Nesmeyanov, memorial plaques to the scientist are installed on the buildings of the INEOS RAS and the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University.
Lit .: Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov: scientist and man / comp. M.A. Nesmeyanov. - M .: Nauka, 1988. - 424 p .; Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov, 1899-1980 / comp. R.I. Goryacheva, V. Ya. Orlova. - Ed. 2nd, add. - M .: Nauka, 1992 .-- 272 p .; Nesmeyanov A.N. On the swing of the twentieth century / comp.-ed. M.A. Nesmeyanov. - M .: Nauka, 1999 .-- 308 p .; M.A. Nesmeyanova The Light of Love: Memories of A.N. Nesmeyanov. - Moscow: Nauka, 1999 .-- 318 p.
Nesmeyanov I
Nesmeyanov
Alexander Nikolaevich [b. 28.8 (9.9) .1899, Moscow], Soviet organic chemist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943; corresponding member 1939), public figure, Hero of Socialist Labor (1969). Member of the CPSU since 1944. After graduating from Moscow State University (1922), he worked there (from 1935 professor, from 1944 head of the Department of Organic Chemistry, in 1944-48 dean of the Faculty of Chemistry, in 1948-51 rector, supervised the organization of the construction of Moscow State University on Lenin Hills). At the same time he worked at the Institute of Fertilizers and Insectofungicides (1930-34), at the USSR Academy of Sciences: at the Institute of Organic Chemistry (from 1934, in 1939-54 director), Academician-Secretary of the Chemical Department (1946-51). President of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1951-61), director of the Institute of Organoelement Compounds (since 1954), academician-secretary of the Department of General and Organic Chemistry (since 1961). In 1947-1961, Chairman of the Committee for Lenin and State Prizes in Science and Technology. He took an active part in the work of the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee. The main area of \u200b\u200bresearch is the chemistry of organometallic compounds. In 1929 he proposed a diazo method for the synthesis of organomercury compounds, which he and his collaborators later extended to the synthesis of organometallic compounds Sn, Pb, Tl, Sb, and Bi (see Nesmeyanov's reaction). N. studied various ways of mutual transformations of organometallic compounds, developed simple and convenient methods for the synthesis of organometallic compounds Mg, Zn, Cd, Al, Tl, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi from organomercury compounds. He proved (together with R. Kh. Freidlina (see Freidlin)) that the products of addition of salts of heavy metals to unsaturated compounds (N.'s name "quasi-complex compounds") have the structure of covalent organometallic compounds. By researching metal derivatives of oxo-enol systems and alpha-mercurated oxo compounds, N. and his colleagues clarified the complex issue of the relationship between the structure and dual reactivity of metal derivatives of tautomeric systems, developed the concept of conjugation of simple bonds, reactions with transfer of the reaction center, etc. found out (together with O. A. Reutov)
mechanism of electrophilic substitution at a saturated carbon atom. He was the first to synthesize chloronium, bromonium and triaryloxonium compounds; discovered the phenomenon of metallotropy. Since 1952, he has developed extensively the field of derivatives of ferrocene and other "sandwich" compounds of transition metals. On N.'s initiative and under his editorship (together with K. A. Kocheshkov) a series of monographs "Synthetic Methods in the Field of Organometallic Compounds" was published and a series "Methods of Organoelement Chemistry" was published. N. and his colleagues also carried out a lot of work in the field of the chemistry of vinyl chloride ketones (together with N. K. Kochetkov) and on the synthesis of aliphatic compounds using the telomerization reaction. N. is a member of a number of foreign academies. Delegate to the 19th and 20th Congresses of the CPSU. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 3-5th convocations. USSR State Prize (1943), Lenin Prize (1966). He was awarded 6 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, as well as medals. Cit .: Fav. works, t. 1-4, M., 1959: Chemistry of ferrocene, M., 1969; Organoelement chemistry, M., 1970; Research in the field of organic chemistry, M., 1971; The beginnings of organic chemistry, Vol. 1-2, M., 1969-70 (with N. A. Nesmeyanov). Lit .: Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov, M., 1951 (Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Materials for the biobibliography of scientists of the USSR. Ser. Chemical sciences, v. 15); Freidlina R. Kh., Kabachnik MI, Korshak VV, A new contribution to the development of organoelement and organic chemistry, "Uspekhi khimii", 1969, vol. 38, century. nine. M. I. Kabachnik. Andrey Nikolaevich [b. 15 (28) .1.1911, Moscow], Soviet radiochemist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1972). Brother Al. N. Nesmeyanov a. Graduated from Moscow State University (1934). In 1934-47 he worked in the Moscow aviation Institute, then at Moscow State University (since 1960 head of the Department of Radiochemistry). The main works are devoted to the chemistry of atoms formed as a result of nuclear transformations, methods of obtaining radioactive isotopes and labeled compounds, as well as the use of radioactive isotopes for the study of technically important materials. N. and his co-workers studied the reactions of "hot" atoms with various chemical compounds... N. developed a method of isotope exchange and a number of other methods of using isotopes to measure the vapor pressure of hardly volatile substances. Cit .: Obtaining radioactive isotopes, M., 1954 (with A. V. Lapitsky and N. P. Rudenko); Steam pressure chemical elements, M., 1961; Guide to practical training in radiochemistry, M., 1968 (with others); Guide to practical training on the physical foundations of radiochemistry, M., 1971 (collective, with others); Radiochemistry, M., 1972.
Big soviet encyclopedia... - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what "Nesmeyanov" is in other dictionaries:
Not only the fairytale princess was called Nesmeyanoy; there were also men Nesmeyan, for example: Nesmeyan Chaplin, a scribe from Arzamas (1620), Nesmeyan Zhekhov, a streltsy centurion (1622), etc.
Nesmeyanov, Alexander Nikolaevich (1899 1980) Soviet organic chemist, rector of Moscow State University (1948 1951), president of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1951 1961), brother An. N. Nesmeyanova. Nesmeyanov, Andrei Nikolaevich (1911 1983) Soviet radiochemist, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences ... ... Wikipedia
Alexander Nikolaevich (1899 1980), organic chemist, founder of the scientific school in the chemistry of organoelement compounds. President (1951 61) of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Organizer and director (since 1954) of the Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Academy of Sciences. ... ... Modern encyclopedia
Alexander Nikolaevich (1899 1980), organic chemist, founder of the scientific school in the chemistry of organoelement compounds, academician (1943) and president (1951 1961) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1969, 1979). Director of the Institute ... ... Russian history
Alexander Nikolevich Nesmeyanov Date of birth: August 28 (September 9) 1899 1899 Place of birth: Moscow Date of death: January 17 1980 Place of death: Moscow Citizenship ... Wikipedia
Playwright 1830 (Vengerov) Nesmeyanov, A. ed. poem. "From the Crimean Album" (St. Petersburg, 1891). (Vengerov) ...
Spirit. writer, Omsk missionary (St. Petersburg, 1911). (Vengerov) ... Big biographical encyclopedia
- [R. 28.8 (9.9) .1899, Moscow], Soviet organic chemist, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943; Corresponding Member 1939), public figure, Hero of Socialist Labor (1969). Member of the CPSU since 1944. After graduating from Moscow State University (1922) he works there (since 1935 professor, since ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- (1899 1980) russian chemist organic, founder of the scientific school in the chemistry of organoelement compounds, academician (1943) and president (1951 61) of the USSR Academy of Sciences, twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1969, 1979). Brother of Andrei Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov. ... ... Large encyclopedic Dictionary
Hesmeyanov Alexander Nikolaevich - an outstanding Soviet scientist in the field of organic chemistry, a public figure, director of the Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
Born August 28 (September 9) 1899 in Moscow. Russian. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1944. In 1908 he entered Strakhov's private gymnasium. In 1917 he became a student of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University (MSU). All years of study he worked as a night watchman at the Faculty of Chemistry, as a laboratory assistant at the Military Pedagogical Academy. In 1922 he graduated from the university and was left at the department on the recommendation of academician N.D. Zelinsky. He also proposed the theme of the first work of A.N. Nesmeyanov related to the chemistry of cyclopropanes.
After several years of research, A.N. Nesmeyanov formulated his own task - find esters of complex acids. It was known that a direct connection does not give anything, and the scientist decided to decompose the phenyldiazonium salts of those complex acids, the esters of which were required to be obtained. The decomposition of salt in 1929 was the beginning of a whole direction in organic chemistry - the production of organometallic compounds using double diazonium salts (Nesmeyanov's diazo method). In contrast to the methods of direct metallization, as a result of which mixtures of difficultly separable isomers are obtained, the diazo method made it possible to introduce a metal atom into a fixed position in the molecule. With its help, key organometallic compounds were synthesized, which in turn served as starting materials for the synthesis of various classes of organoelement compounds.
In 1935-1948 A.N. Nesmeyanov and his students investigated numerous ways of interconversion of various organometallic compounds, in particular, mutual transitions between organomercury compounds and organic compounds of magnesium, zinc, cadmium, aluminum, tin and so on. The extensive experimental material accumulated in the course of these studies made it possible to formulate a regularity between the position of an element in the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements of D.I. Mendeleev and its ability to form organic compounds.
On January 29, 1939, he was elected a corresponding member, and on September 27, 1943 - a full member (academician) of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
An important place in the activity of A.N. Nesmeyanov was occupied by questions of stereochemistry, primarily the study of the geometric isomerism of ethylene organometallic compounds. These works led to the establishment of the most important in stereochemistry rule of non-reversal of the stereochemical configuration in the processes of electrophilic and radical substitution at a carbon atom bound by a double carbon-carbon bond.
A.N.Nesmeyanov paid special attention to the problem, first posed by A.M.Butlerov and V.V. Markovnikov, on the mutual influence of atoms in molecules. In this regard, he carried out extensive studies of the properties and structure of the products of addition of metal salts and non-metal halides to unsaturated compounds. These substances had a specific reactivity, expressed in the duality of their chemical behavior. A.N. Nesmeyanov proved that they are true organoelement compounds (that is, they contain a carbon-metal bond), and not complex. The question of their dual behavior was entirely related to the problem mutual influence atoms. Within the framework of these studies, the concept of conjugation of simple bonds, reactions with transfer of the reaction center, and the mechanism of electrophilic substitution at a saturated carbon atom was developed.
In 1954-1960 A.N. Nesmeyanov carried out a number of works in the field of chemistry of vinyl chloride ketones (together with R.Kh. Freidlina), phosphorus, fluorine and organomagnesium compounds. In 1960, he discovered the phenomenon of metallotropy - the reversible transfer of the organomercury residue between the hydroxy and nitroso groups of paranitrosophenol, in 1960-1970 he laid the foundations for a new direction of research - the creation of synthetic food products. The ways of synthesis of amino acids and protein products have been established.
Haveby the Kaz of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 13, 1969 for great services in the development of soviet science Nesmeyanov Alexander Nikolaevich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
A.N. Nesmeyanov was not only a talented scientist, but also a brilliant organizer, teacher, popularizer of science. Constantly working at Moscow State University (from 1922 - an assistant, from 1935 - a professor, from 1944 - head of the Department of Organic Chemistry, in 1944-1948 - Dean of the Faculty of Chemistry, in 1948-1951 - Rector), he simultaneously headed various departments at the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences USSR (1935), Institute of Fine Chemical Technology (1938-1941). In 1948-1951, being the rector of Moscow State University, he was directly involved in the design and construction of a new university building on the Lenin Hills. In 1956, at his suggestion, the All-Union Institute of Scientific and Technical Information (VINITI) was created. In 1954, A.N. Nesmeyanov organized and headed the Institute of Organoelement Compounds, which now bears his name.
Haveon September 7, 1979, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" for his great services in the development of Soviet science and in connection with the eightieth birthday of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 3-5th convocations (1950-1962). Delegate to the 19th and 20th congresses of the CPSU.
Lived and worked in the hero city of Moscow. Died on January 17, 1980. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow (section 9).
He was awarded seven Orders of Lenin (11/04/1944, 06/10/1945, 1953, 09/08/1959, 1967, 03/13/1969, 09/07/1979), the Order of the October Revolution (09/13/1974), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (09/14/1949), medals , foreign awards - the order of Cyril and Methodius, 1st degree (Bulgaria, 1969), the medal "50 years of the Mongolian people's revolution" (Mongolia, 1972).
Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1934), Professor (1934). Laureate of the Lenin Prize (1966), the Stalin Prize (1943). He was awarded the Big Gold Medal named after M.V. Lomonosov of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1962, second winner), the Gold Medal named after D.I. Mendeleev of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1977).
One of the streets of the Gagarinsky district of Moscow is named after him. The RAS established the A.N. Nesmeyanov Prize, which has been awarded since 1995 for outstanding work in the field of chemistry of organoelement compounds. A memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Faculty of Chemistry of Moscow State University.
In the photo, Academician Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov
Why was academician Nesmeyanov relieved of his duties as president of the USSR Academy of Sciences?
Back in February 1961, Academician Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov was not going to leave his post. Was held general meeting Academy of Sciences, where he made a report for 1960.
He ended his report with the words:
- We have a lot to do in ten or two years.
But already in April 1961, Khrushchev reproached Academician Nesmeyanov for certain shortcomings in the work of the Academy, in particular, that the Academy, they say, was researching some kind of flies.
Academician Nesmeyanov recalls:
- I got up and, to the horror of the present and silent members of the Politburo, declared that the study of these flies is extremely important for many branches of science. It was an unheard-of open speech (in public!) Against Khrushchev's point of view. Then I said:
- Undoubtedly, there is an opportunity to change the president, to find an academician more suitable for this purpose. I am sure, for example, that M.V. Keldysh would have done better with these responsibilities.
- I think so too, - Khrushchev threw
Dissatisfied with the Academy of Sciences and its president, who refused to support Lysenko, Nikita Khrushchev said that he intended to dissolve it. To this academician Nesmeyanov replied:
- Well, Peter the Great opened the Academy, and you will close it.
After that Nesmeyanov was invited to the First Deputy Chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers AN Kosygin, who informed him that "... there is a decision to hold Academician Keldysh for the presidency in the next elections."
On May 1, 1961, A.N. Nesmeyanov sent a statement to the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences as follows:
In February current year the 10-year term of my work as president of the USSR Academy of Sciences expired, and thus my term of office expired in two five-year election periods. It is necessary to hold elections for the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences for a new term.
Academician Nesmeyanov helped Mikhail Alekseevich very much in creating the Academgorodok. It seems to me that his merits should be reflected in the annals of Akademgorodok quite weighty.
He was a great scientist and visionary leader and a brave man.
He had great respect for M.A. Lavrentiev, and this respect was mutual. They spoke together on more than one occasion when scientists needed to unite in order to defend a particular decision. But like all people at that time, Academician Nesmeyanov firmly knew the invisible limit to which one could reach without fear of being filmed and crushed. Nevertheless, he found the strength to cross this line. Honor and praise to him.
To be continued: [
Nesmeyanov, Alexander Nikolaevich
Alexander Nikolaevich Nesmeyanov - Soviet organic chemist. Was born in Moscow. Graduated from Moscow University (1922). He worked there (from 1935 professor, from 1944 head of the Department of Organic Chemistry, in 1944-1948 dean of the Faculty of Chemistry, in 1948-1951 rector of the university). At the same time he worked at the Research Institute of Fertilizers and Insectofungicides (1930-1934), at the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (from 1934, in 1939-1954 director); Director of the Institute of Organoelement Compounds (since 1954). Academician-secretary of the Chemical Department (1946-1951); President of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1951-1961), Academician-Secretary of the Department of General and Organic Chemistry (since 1961). In 1947-1961. Chairman of the Committee for Lenin and State Prizes in Science and Technology.
The main area of \u200b\u200bresearch is the chemistry of organometallic compounds. Discovered (1929) the reaction of obtaining organomercury compounds by decomposition of double diazonium salts and metal halides, which was later extended to the synthesis of organic derivatives of many heavy metals ( diazo Nesmeyanov method). He formulated (1945) the relationships between the position of metal in the periodic table and its ability to form organic compounds. Proved (1940-1945) that the products of addition of salts of heavy metals to unsaturated compounds are covalent organometallic (quasi-complex) compounds. Investigated (1945-1948) the geometric isomerism of ethylene organometallic compounds and at the same time discovered (1945) the rule on the non-reversal of the stereochemical configuration in the processes of electrophilic and radical substitution at a carbon atom linked by a double carbon-carbon bond.
Together with MI Kabachnik, he developed (1955) fundamentally new ideas about the dual reactivity of organic compounds of a non-tautomeric nature. Together with R. Kh. Freidlina, he studied (1954-1960) radical telomerization and developed methods for the synthesis of α, ω-chloroalkanes, on the basis of which intermediate products were obtained, used in the production of fiber-forming polymers, plasticizers, and solvents. He performed a number of studies in the field of vinyl chloride chemistry.
Under the leadership of A. N. Nesmeyanov, the field of "sandwich" compounds of transition metals, in particular, ferrocene derivatives, was developed in the USSR. Carried out a large number of works on organophosphorus, organofluorine and organomagnesium compounds, metal carbonyls. Discovered (1960) the phenomenon of metallotropy - reversible transfer of organomercury residue between oxy- and nitroso groups p-nitrosophenol. He laid (1962) the foundations for a new direction of research - the creation of synthetic food products. He established (1960-1970) pathways for the synthesis of the simplest and available substances (carbohydrates, nitro compounds, aldehydes) of amino acids and protein products, imitators of the smell and taste of food products.
Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1943; Corresponding Member 1939), member of a number of foreign academies. Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1969, 1979); awarded six Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. State Prize of the USSR (1943), Lenin Prize (1966), Gold Medal. M.V. Lomonosov (1962).
The name of A. N. Nesmeyanov was given (1980) to the Institute of Organoelement Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. The Russian Academy of Sciences has established the A. N. Nesmeyanov Prize, awarded since 1995 for outstanding work in the field of chemistry of organoelement compounds.