At the same time, the artists who created the sketches for the coat of arms of the USSR could not understand the esoteric teachings and mystical symbols. True, the authors of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe graphic composition of the drawing knew them very well, and the leaders of the USSR who claimed the image of the coat of arms were completely mystics. high level, about which there are many historical information... Another thing is interesting. For a long time, the sickle handle was incorrectly depicted on the Soviet coat of arms. Not only a villager, but also any sane person knows very well that the handle should be attached to the sickle with its thin part, expanding towards the person's hand. In this case, the sickle is comfortable to hold. However, in the 1923 version of the coat of arms, the sickle is attached to the thick end of the handle. This is absurd. In real life, such a sickle will simply slip out of your hands. This is a clear mistake of the artists. But on the other hand, the layout of the coat of arms was approved by a huge number of people, obviously more than once in their lives, who saw a normal sickle. The first time the sketch of the coat of arms in the line version was approved on August 7, 1923, the second time in color - September 22, 1923. Why was not such a glaring error discovered? Nonsense! Moreover, the coat of arms immediately appeared on a variety of official government papers from banknotes to postage stamps. The agrarian country seemed to have gone blind, not seeing the obvious error in the depiction of the sickle on the coat of arms. It would seem that when the coat of arms was first corrected, the artists' mistake should have been removed. But no! After the correction of the state emblem of the USSR in 1931, the sickle handle remained in its former absurd position. Only in 1937, after 14 years of existence of the erroneous image of the sickle, its handle was brought into the correct position.
Found an interesting article about the symbols of the USSR coat of arms. There is a lot of text; if we remove the slightly cynical manner of presentation, then there are many interesting thoughts
.
But not an eagle, not a lion, not a lioness
They decorated our coat of arms with themselves,
And the golden wreath of wheat
Mighty hammer, sharp sickle.
S. Mikhalkov
... And above them the coat of arms hoisted by flies -
A fearsome coat of arms made of cast lead -
A sickle drenched in the blood of a peasant
And a hammer in the blood of a blacksmith.
I. Kormiltsev
Part I.You can also believe in the absence of faith,
You can also do nothing ...
"Nautilus-Pompilius"
And, let's get nostalgic first! So, we remember barefoot childhood, lesson patriotic education on the eve of the next anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the inspiredly sublime voice of Mary Ivanna or whatever her first teacher was called with mystical trepidation, accentuated pauses and semi-erotic aspirations broadcasts: - Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich, story "Soviet coat of arms":
Everything was created anew in our country. And a new state emblem was also needed, which had never existed in the history of peoples - the emblem of the world's first state of workers and peasants.At the beginning of 1918, they brought me a drawing of the coat of arms, and I immediately carried it to Vladimir Ilyich.
Vladimir Ilyich at that time was in his office and talked with Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov, Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky and a whole group of comrades. I put the drawing on the table in front of Lenin.
- What is this - a coat of arms? .. Interesting to see! - And he, bending over the table, began to examine the drawing.
Everyone surrounded Vladimir Ilyich and together with him examined the draft of the coat of arms.
The rays of the rising sun, framed by sheaves of wheat, shone on a red background; the hammer and sickle crossed inside, and from the sling of the sheaves upward, towards the sun's rays, a sword was directed.
- Interesting! - Vladimir Ilyich said, - There is an idea, but why a sword? - And he looked at all of us.
- We are fighting, we are fighting and will be fighting until we consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat and until we expel the White Guards and interventionists from our country. But violence cannot prevail with us. The policy of conquest is alien to us. We do not attack, but fight off enemies, our war is defensive, and the sword is not our emblem. We must hold it firmly in our hands in order to defend our proletarian state as long as we have enemies, as long as we are attacked, as long as we are threatened, but this does not mean that it will always be so. When the brotherhood of peoples throughout the world is proclaimed, we will not need a sword. We must remove the sword from the coat of arms of our socialist state ... - And Vladimir Ilyich, with a finely sharpened pencil, crossed out the sword in the drawing. - Otherwise, the coat of arms is good. Let's approve the project, and then we'll look and discuss it again in the Council of People's Commissars. We must do this as soon as possible ...
And he put his signature on the picture.
The artist, who carefully listened to everything that Lenin said, promised to bring a new sketch of the coat of arms soon.
After a while, when the artist came another time, the sculptor Andreyev was sitting in Vladimir Ilyich's office. Lenin worked, received visitors, and the sculptor sat quietly on the sofa and made sketches in an album. He was preparing to sculpt a portrait of Ilyich.
We began to look at the new drawing. The sword was no longer in the drawing, and the coat of arms was crowned with a star.
Andreev watched with everyone.
- Well, what do you think? - Vladimir Ilyich turned to him, - Very good, just one more thing ...
Taking a pencil, Andreev, with the artist's permission, immediately redrawn the coat of arms on the table. He thickened the bundles, intensified the sparkling rays of the sun, made everything more expressive somehow. The star has taken on a strict five-pointed form, and the slogan "Workers of all countries, unite!" began to read more clearly.
This project of the coat of arms of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, executed according to the remarks of Vladimir Ilyich, was approved in 1918.
It was understandable to all working people who defended their native Soviet power from enemies.
The five-pointed star, which shines at the top of the coat of arms, has become the emblem of our army - the Red Army star.
Now our state has become a mighty Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In the coat of arms Soviet Union there is also a hammer and sickle and sheaves of gold in the rays of the rising sun.
And each republic has its own coat of arms. The sun rises on the coats of arms of the republics because of the snowy mountain peaks and because of the boundless sea. Each coat of arms has the slogan "Workers of all countries, unite!" and the emblem of the world's first state of workers - the hammer and sickle.
Of course, it was not allowed to question the words of the Leninist apostle - this was equated with anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda and was punishable by the corresponding article of the most humane legislation in the world. And any person, weighed down with intellect, had a great many questions on what he read.
For example, why in Bonch-Bruyevich's opus, the direct author of the coat of arms, the engraver of the Petrograd printing house, Alexander Nikolaevich Leo, is not named either by his first name or surname, but appears as an anonymous "artist"? How could the sculptor Nikolai Andreevich Andreev, who began work with Lenin in 1919, amend the coat of arms, approved as an official symbol on June 10, 1918? Did Bonch-Bruevich not know that the original red star was not on the Soviet coat of arms he praised because this symbol was adopted as the emblem of the Red Army only on July 18, 1918, that is, a month after the coat of arms was approved? Well, and finally, Bonch-Bruevich enthusiastically sings the coat of arms of the USSR, which, as public education will appear on December 30, 1922, while in 1918 it could only be about the emblem of the RSFSR!
Eh, it's a pity that I am not a professional historian - I would certainly unearth the answers to these questions. But, alas, I don't understand history at all ...
But I am devoted to some other knowledge, which is not provided for in the harmonious architectonics of modern academic ideas. For example, in sacred symbolism. And, frankly, I started the conversation not for the sake of Bonch-Bruyevich, but for the sake of the coat of arms. And the goal was to analyze the coat of arms of the Soviet Union from a mystical point of view, to reveal its sacred meaning ( well, really, it's not until the end of my days that you chew on my fairy tales!).
Let me, author, - the annoying reader, who has experienced all the methods of brainwashing invented by the Soviet education system, will hasten to reject me - any "sacredness" by definition implies some kind of occult roots, and the Bolshevik-Leninists positioned themselves as militant atheists. Could the rabid atheists turn their gaze into some non-materialistic spheres?
I will begin to answer, with your permission, from afar: the whole history of communism in Russia is a history of lies! The communists were striving for power under the slogans of withdrawing from the imperialist war and immediate peace - and, having seized upon, immediately unleashed a civil war, much more bloody and fierce. The communists advocated the abolition of the death penalty - and created a repressive system of the kind never seen before. The communists promised the peasants land - and drove them into collective farms, completely depriving them of their property. The communists declared freedom of religion - and plunged the country into the abyss of godlessness ...
Yes, indeed, the people who came to power in Russia as a result october coup, called themselves atheists and were so in fact. Only, here, the term “ atheism"Has two interpretations:
1. lack of religious convictions;
2. belief in the absence of God.
Did you feel the difference? In the first case, the person simply doesn't believe in anything... In the second - professes a religion, the main postulate of which is the denial of the existence of the Divine principle... At the same time, denying specifically God, the atheistic belief system does not at all prohibit believing in something else - in Darwin's theory, for example. Or to find a "substitute" for God, clumsily trying to replace the concept of "God" with the concept of "Supermind". And it is possible, referring to the imperfection of our world, to conclude from this that in fact it is not God who rules the world, but the devil - such a "worldview" is called Satanism, but his background is still the same - atheistic, rejecting God or a derogatory role for Him. You can, mad with pride, put yourself in the place of God - man - then you get anthroposophy. It can be assumed that the role of God was played by some highly advanced beings from other worlds - this idea is the basis for the whole theory of paleocontact, born by Erich von Deniken. Well, and, finally, the latest atheistic model was created by the Wachowski brothers in the notorious film "The Matrix", where Divine functions are performed only by a computer simulator.
The atheists of the "second group", denying God, but not disdaining mysticism, were all Bolshevik-Leninists. The RSDLP was 99% Masons. In order not to go too far for examples, let us take Semyon Pafnutyevich Sereda, the Bolshevik People's Commissar of Lands who once lived in Ryazan - he successfully combined the leadership of the Ryazan underground workers with the post of hierarch of the Masonic Lodge.
Although, of course, there were personalities among the Bolsheviks who did not stain themselves with ties with Freemasonry. For example, Solomon Moiseevich Uritsky, who gave its name to one of the Ryazan streets. He was a Hasid and his religious convictions did not allow him to join not only the Masonic lodge, but even the Leninist party. Until his inglorious end by the hand of, by the way, a fellow tribesman of Kannegisser, he was a communist only "in his soul."
And Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (Yankel Movshevich Gauchmann), although he was an ardent communist, did not renounce the faith of the fathers either, and in all the questionnaires in the column of religion he wrote: a Jew. True, he was a relative Jew - of all Judaism he recognized only Kabbalah and could, for example, in spite of fellow believers submit the idea of \u200b\u200bworking on Saturdays, breaking the Sabbath - this is how the “communist subbotniks” appeared. That is, even from the Kabbalah, he chose its most "black" direction.
A Dukhobor sectarian was also Vladimir Dmitrievich Bonch-Bruevich, with a quote from which we began our story. Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky from his youth was fond of spiritualism and tried himself as a hypnotist.
And Lev Davidovich Trotsky (Leiba Davidovich Bronstein) was not only a terry Jew-mason, a member of the Jewish lodge "B'nite Brit", but also a member of the Satanic sect of the Illuminati. Both of these organizations will make an invaluable contribution to the cause of the “Russian revolution”: the head of B'Night Brit, an American banker, pathological Zionist and equally pathological Russophobe Jacob Schiff, will become Trotsky's main sponsor, and Lev Davidovich will borrow the symbol from the Illuminati - pentagram - and the main holiday is the magical May Day, the day following Walpurgis Night, May 1 ...
Despite obvious mental disorders and drug addiction, an Austrian Jew Sigismund Freud was a member of B'Night Brit. His unsubstantiated speculations, thanks to the support of his brothers-Masons, will be "promoted" as the greatest theory explaining human psychology, and by the method of psychoanalysis according to Sigmund Freud, exalted persons are still trying to "cure" their complexes. And the Illuminati, unlike other similar secret societies, who did not admit women to their circle, the fair sex, on the contrary, were widely attracted to their activities. One of these “attracted” was Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya.
I think it is inexpedient to clutter up my story with a list of the rest of the "faithful Leninists" and evidence of their involvement in various destructive cults - I will briefly mention only the main thing, about Lenin. The grandson of a baptized Jew (see Wikipedia), of course, could not become an Orthodox person to the core. He defined his system of beliefs for himself and for those around him as atheism, but there was something unhealthy in this Leninist individual atheism. In his letters, he boasted that, while working with books, wherever he found the word "God" in the text, he wrote "bastard" with an exclamation mark in the margins opposite. Do you think a person who is sincerely convinced that God does not exist will do such things? It turns out that for Ilyich this word was not an empty phrase, since it caused him a suffocating spasm of irritation. And, trying to offend God, Lenin had to be sure that He would hear him! Ilyich didn’t really believe in Babu Yaga, so he didn’t fight with her ... In a word, some pathological atheism is obtained according to the recipe of “the most humane person”.
I cannot help but refrain from a small but significant illustration of Lenin's atheism. On May 1, 1919, signed by Ilyich, the decree of the Soviet government "On the fight against priests and religion" was issued:
May 1, 1919№ 13666/2.
Chairman of the Cheka Comrade Dzerzhinsky F.E.
NOTE
In accordance with the decision of the Central Executive Committee and the Sov. Nar. Commissars need to put an end to priests and religion as soon as possible. Popov should be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are to be closed. The premises of the temples should be sealed and converted into warehouses. Chairman of the Central Executive Committee Kalinin, Chairman of the Sov. Nar. Komissarov Ulyanov (Lenin).The resolution is registered under the number 13666-2! Coincidence? Or a well-thought-out mystical act: dating the main holiday of Satanists to the day with numerological reinforcement in the form of a registration number, combined from the "damn dozen" and "the number of the beast"? In addition, from the quoted instruction, only a complete fool will not understand which particular "religion" it is directed against - after all, neither mullahs nor rabbis are called "priests"!
In the first 10 years of its existence, Soviet power and occultism lived in perfect harmony. The mutual benefit of such a tandem was obvious: occult schools were given the opportunity to develop in greenhouse conditions, and the godless government had an ally in the struggle against Orthodoxy. This is also the specificity of Bolshevik "atheism": it did not touch on Judaism in any way (during the years of anti-church psychosis, for example, two new synagogues were opened in Moscow), was soft on Islam (it was written off as a "vestige" that should not be eradicated, but "lived out" gradually) and only the Russian Orthodox Church was subject to complete and immediate destruction.
Despite the catastrophic situation in the country, devastation and famine, the Soviet government miraculously always found funds for "state support" of occult projects of varying degrees of doubtfulness. At this time, for example, Barchenko's expeditions to the Kola Peninsula were organized in order to find traces of the Hyperborean civilization there, and Blumkin's expeditions to Tibet, to look for Shambhala.
Moreover, it is already clear from the personalities of their leaders which structures took a direct part in both events. Alexander Barchenko was a creature of Dzerzhinsky personally, and Yakov Blumkin is the same employee of the Cheka who shot the German ambassador Mirbach in 1918, but did not incur any punishment for this, but calmly continued his service in the authorities. Yesenin joined the expedition with him, who was at that moment in the next "tie", but only reached the Transcaucasia, where he "lagged" behind the expedition, preferring to the traveler's laurels an affair with the Batumi Armenian Shahane Talyan:
My old wound has settled -Drunken delirium does not gnaw at my heart,
Blue flowers of Tehran
I am flying them today in the teahouse ...
(S. Yesenin "Persian motives").
Both expeditions were supervised by Gleb Bokiy - Sverdlov's favorite and "black" occultist, "famous" back in the Civilian one by obliging his subordinates ... to drink the blood of their victims. The evidence of this was brought to us not by some white émigré who could be suspected of filthy slander against people with "hot hearts and cold heads", but a former employee of Bokia's Chekist G. Agabekov in his book "The Secret Terror".
After the Civil War, Bokii's "talents" found a worthy use - he headed the secret department of the OGPU, dealing with issues of occultism and magic. As you can see, in Soviet Russia such structures existed not only on the pages of the Strugatsky brothers' novel “Monday begins on Saturday”, but also in reality!
Once again I have to apologize to the readers for taking their time by digressing, but the facts simply cry out: Boky was also the head of the Solovetsky special purpose camp. It was he who organized a death camp in a former monastery - the northern stronghold of Orthodoxy. And again, as with Resolution No. 13666, let's think about it, was it an accident? Or did some forces really need to smear the holy place with blood? Then, who should be entrusted with the execution of such a delicate task, if not a "black magician" - a lover of drinking human blood! By the way, NIICHaVo (Research Institute of Witchcraft and Wizardry) was located, according to the Strugatskys, in the northern town of Solovets and had a Department of Defense Magic in its structure - now the allegory is clear.
The practice of occultism in the 1920s was actively supplemented by theory. Again, despite the economic difficulties, the dubious properties of "research institutions" are beginning to appear like mushrooms. Most of them will soon cease to exist, but some will even survive to this day. For example, the Brain Institute.
This is now the Brain Institute - serious scientific institution, a stronghold of academic medicine, and at the dawn of its existence ... You have not wondered why it is called the Institute of the Brain ( in singular and with a capital letter) and not the Brain Institute? Yes, because it was originally intended to study a single brain - of course, Lenin's. And the goal was quite specific - "Obtaining the substance of Lenin's genius"... In the spirit of medieval alchemy, the wording!
And since no money was spared in the country of the Soviets on any topic, even casually related to "Leniniana", then things went well. In their free time from the unweaving of Lenin's convolutions, they began to study psychic phenomena such as mass hysteria. The OGPU threw a Temka - the use of hypnosis to obtain testimony. It has expanded into a larger direction - mind control. And from there, already one step remained to psychotronic developments ... Information about them sporadically leaks into the media, and publications appear not only in tabloid newspapers, consisting of half a TV program and the other half of advertising modules, but also in official print media, such as “ Russian newspaper", Which cannot be blamed for" yellowness "- for illustration I will give http://www.rg.ru/2006/12/22/gosbezopasnostj-podsoznanie.html.
Well, the burial of Lenin became the apotheosis of Bolshevik occultism - although it cannot be called a burial. A typical rite of necromancy was performed over Lenin's corpse, which has not been used in the civilized world since the times of the Egyptian pharaohs. Its purpose is to preserve the corpse, which, according to the concepts of black magic, contributes to the retention of its spirit in this world. A certain toast spell system like "Lenin lived, Lenin is alive, Lenin will live!", the spirit can be energetically "fed", and other spell systems, less known to the general public, can be used for their own purposes.
As a biochemist by basic education, I drew attention to such an entertaining fact from my professional point of view: according to the official version, the embalming composition for Lenin's corpse was miraculously invented by Boris (Berl) Zbarsky in three days. However, when North Korean scientists tried to autonomously repeat the same thing in 1994 by embalming Kim Il Sung, it took them more than a year and a half to work, despite the fact that the technologies of 1994 were strikingly different from those of 1924, which Zbarsky had. Willy-nilly, the thought creeps in, did someone suggest a formula to Zbarsky?
As, for example, suggested to the architect A.V. Shchusev's idea of \u200b\u200ba tomb for a scarecrow of Lenin. The future academician of architecture was consulted by a certain F. Poulsen. In his memoirs, Shchusev writes that he took the altar of the Pergamon temple, the tomb of Cyrus the Great and the stepped pyramid of Djoser (A. Abramov "At the Kremlin Wall") as prototypes for the mausoleum, however, arbitrarily or involuntarily, Shchusev achieved maximum similarity not with these objects, but with Mesopotamian ziggurats ( we'll talk about them a little later). This is not surprising, since Poulsen, who advised Shchusev, was just an expert in architecture. ancient Mesopotamia.
Lenin's Mausoleum is a typical religious building in the form of a miniature seven-step pyramid.
In a word, Lenin did not have time to cool down, but the forces unknown to us, who directed the actions of the funeral commission, had already found funds, specialists and "consultants" from more than exotic regions. And, not giving a damn about the desire of the deceased to be buried next to his mother, not giving a damn about the protests of his wife, Bolshevik necromancers placed a mummy with great mystical meaning on Red Square - in the sacred heart of Russia:
All the kings of the nations, all lie with honor, each in his own tomb; but you are cast down outside your tomb, like a despicable branch, like the clothes of those killed, slain by the sword, who are lowered into stone ditches, you, like a trampled corpse, will not unite with them in the grave; For you have ruined your land, you have killed your people; the tribe of evildoers will not be remembered for ever (Book of Isaiah, chapter 14, verses 18-20).
... I have already scribbled a whole chapter, but I have not even come close to the main topic. But I need such an extensive preface in order to prove that the Soviet coat of arms is not a simple drawing, but a mystical sign, the sacred meaning of which is not an accidental combination, but the result of the painstaking and systematic work of red warlocks.
It just so happened that any state should have its own symbols, reflecting the patriotism of the people, its wealth and historical heritage. The history of the coat of arms of the USSR began precisely in 1922, when the RSFSR, the TSFSR, the Belarusian and Ukrainian SSR signed the Treaty on Formation. Article 22 of this treaty established that the USSR had its own state seal, anthem, flag and coat of arms.
How the first coat of arms of the USSR was developed
After the formation, a special commission was created that was engaged in the development of state symbols. The CEC Presidium listed the main elements of the coat of arms: sickle, blacksmith's hammer, rising sun. Previously, they were depicted on the emblem of the RSFSR, which was approved by V.I. Lenin.
Already in mid-January 1923, the artists presented to the CEC many sketches that met all the established norms. The project was chosen by V.P. Korzun, together with V.N. Adrianov, who suggested placing an image of the globe in the drawing. To work on the coat of arms, I.I. Dubasov, who developed sketches of banknotes for the Union. It was this honored figure who finalized the drawing.
The painstaking work of the artists was closely followed by the authorities. Secretary of the Presidium A.S. Yenukidze suggested at the top of the coat of arms to replace the monogram "USSR" with a small red five-pointed star. By the beginning of July 1923, a draft was adopted that contained a description of the new state symbol.
What did the coat of arms of the USSR look like?
If you ask modern youth about whether they know what the Soviet emblem looked like, then only a few will be able to describe it. And in those days, every person stopped on the street could tell in detail everything about his state symbol. That's what patriotism means!
The state emblem of the USSR contained an image of the globe, against the background of which a sickle and a hammer could be seen, and around there was a frame of rays of the sun and ears of corn. At the same time, the latter were entwined with red ribbons, which contained the inscription "Workers of all countries, unite!" in all national languages \u200b\u200bof the Soviet republics. A star was visible at the top of the coat of arms.
Decoding symbols
Every detail of the state emblem is depicted for a reason, because there is a sense in everything, and the emblem of the USSR is no exception. denotes a willingness to be open to the whole world in terms of political, financial and friendly relations. The hammer and sickle embody the alliance of workers, peasants and intellectuals fighting for a brighter future. The rising sun is a symbol of the emergence of the USSR, building a communist society. Some decipher the sun with rays as the birth of communist ideas.
What else is remarkable about the coat of arms of the USSR? The picture contains the image of ears of corn, identified with the wealth and prosperity of the state. It has long been known that bread is the head of everything, and the Union knew how to grow the best bread in its endless fields. Disputes over the meaning of a red star with a gold border have not subsided to this day. Someone sees a pentagram in it, others interpret the drawing as a symbol, and the creators claim that the star means victory and power. The ribbons reflected the number of republics that were part of the USSR.
Changes in state symbols
According to the constitution, approved in 1936, 11 republics were part of the USSR. There were also 11 ribbons on the coat of arms initially. In September 1940, the USSR Presidium proposed to amend the coat of arms, due to the fact that the number of union states increased. Work began again on the image of the state symbol. In the spring of 1941, a preliminary draft of the coat of arms was adopted, but the outbreak of the war prevented it from being finalized.
At the end of June 1946, a new version of the state emblem was introduced. The motto on it has already been reproduced in 16 languages, Moldavian, Finnish, Latvian, Estonian and Lithuanian have been added.
By the decree of the Presidium of the USSR of September 12, 1956, tape number sixteen, containing an inscription in Finnish, was removed from the coat of arms, since the Karelo-Finnish SSR was included in the RSFSR. In April 1958, the text of the motto was changed to belarusian language... "PRALETARY ІСІХ KRAIN, YADNAYTSESYA!" - so he began to sound in a new context. Goznak artists worked on all the clarifications: S.A. Novsky, I.S. Krylkov, S.A. Pomansky and others.
The 15-tape coat of arms existed until the collapse of the Union due to the "Gorbachev" perestroika. At the moment, the coat of arms of the USSR is prohibited from public demonstration. It is appropriate to use Soviet symbols only for informational and museum purposes.
Another state symbol: the flag
The flag of the Soviet Union is not as remarkable as the coat of arms, but this does not make it a less important symbol of the state. The red flag reminds many of the Soviet past, but the flag was not always just red.
In 1923, the flag and coat of arms of the USSR were legislatively approved, which have undergone many changes during the existence of the state. The first flag contained the image of the coat of arms, located in the center of the canvas. It existed until November 12, 1923 (until the third session of the CEC). On this day, an amendment was made to Article 71 that the flag should consist of a red (possibly scarlet) cloth with a gold-colored sickle and hammer at the top corner of the flagstaff and a red star above them, framed by a gold-colored border.
On April 8, 1924, a detailed description of the flag of the Soviet Union was approved with the ratio of the length and width of all images on the symbols. Also on the banner there was a golden stripe framing the canopy, inside which was a hammer and sickle.
Not without rework
Like the coat of arms of the USSR, the flag was changed many times. Already in December 1936, the canopy with a golden stripe was removed from the description of the state banner, and the color again could be not only red, but also scarlet. From that time on, the flag practically did not change outwardly, only sometimes small details were corrected. For example, they repeatedly lengthened, then shortened the sickle, then changed the angle of its intersection with the hammer.
Only in August 1955, the USSR authorities approved the "Statute on the State Flag of the USSR". It legislatively regulated when, where and how the symbol of state power was to be raised.
A little about the 1955 Regulations
The regulation stated that the constantly raised flag should only be on the buildings of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, as well as the main subordinate organizations. It was stipulated to lift it on the buildings where the Congress of Soviets of the USSR or the session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR takes place. For example, on March 8, May 1, November 7, it was allowed to raise the banner on residential buildings. The use of the USSR flag on ships of the sea fleet was also provided, but only for ships sailing on waterways within the USSR.
The meaning of the state flag of the USSR
The USSR was a powerful state, and the symbols spoke for themselves. The flag meant the unity of the people, their strength and steadfastness. The hammer and sickle were identified with the brotherhood of working people of all nationalities of the country, who were building a bright, indestructible communist future, which was indeed bright, but, unfortunately, in 1991 the USSR did not become, and together with it state symbols sank into summer. Let today's youth remember their history and remember the symbols of the great collapsed country.
One of the first socialist emblems. The coat of arms of the USSR was established by the Constitution of the USSR (Art. 143) and was an image of a hammer and sickle against the background of the globe, in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn, with the inscription in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Union republics "Workers of all countries, unite!" At the top of the coat of arms is a five-pointed red star with a yellow rim.
The state emblem of the USSR symbolized the union of workers and peasants, the voluntary unification of equal union republics in a single union state, the equality of all nations and expressed the idea of \u200b\u200binternational solidarity of the peoples of the USSR with the workers of all countries of the planet Earth.
The continents on the coat of arms are depicted in light brown, the mottos are in gold letters on a red ribbon. The ears symbolize the vitality of the state, prosperity; the sun is the light of communist ideas, a bright future. The first state emblem of the USSR was approved by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on July 6, 1923. Its description was enshrined in the USSR Constitution of 1924. In 1923-36 the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" was written in 6 languages \u200b\u200b(according to the number of languages \u200b\u200bof 4 union republics (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Armenian, Georgian, Azerbaijani), which formed the USSR in 1922); further, in accordance with the number of union republics, the number of red ribbons with the translation of the motto on the coat of arms also changed. In 1937-46 - 11 tapes, in 1946-56 - 16, from 1956 - 15.
In the fall of 1922, a commission for the development of Soviet symbols began work at Goznak. (Compositions of the first Soviet stamps and banknotes were created.) On January 10, 1923, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR created a commission to develop the state emblem and flag. At the same time, the Central Executive Committee determined the main elements of the state symbols of the union: the sun, the hammer and sickle, the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" In February 1923, the order for the creation of the coat of arms was transferred to Goznak. Sketches of the projects of the coat of arms of Goznak artists D.S.Golyadkin, Ya. B. Dreyer, N.N. Kochura, V.D.Kupriyanov, P. Rumyantsev, A.G. Yakimchenko, I. Shadr have survived. The artist K.I.Dunin-Borkovsky, as an adherent of classical heraldry, presented the coat of arms of the USSR as a heraldic shield with a hammer and sickle.
The coat of arms of the USSR on the pedestal of the monument to Lenin in the Nizhny Novgorod region of Sormovo
One of the early projects (1923) can be seen on the building of the Central Telegraph in Moscow: the globe is surrounded by ears of corn, a red star at the top, a sickle and a hammer on the sides. The coat of arms was drawn by V. Lomantsov (1992). D.S.Golyadkin's project is a pentagon, in the middle of which there is a hammer and sickle in the sun's rays, around - industrial symbols. J. B. Dreyer's project - a sickle, a hammer, a star, a globe, ribbons with a motto. V.P. Korzun's project is already very close to the coat of arms of the USSR approved later. The head of the art and reproduction department of Goznak V.N.Adrianov (1875-1938) was also involved in the creation of the coat of arms. It was he, as a cartographer, who suggested adding an image of the globe to the coat of arms. The latter was supposed to mean that access to the Union is open to all states of the world. In general, the entire composition of the coat of arms was composed by Adrianov. The work on the sketch of the coat of arms was supervised by state authorities. For example, the secretary of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee, A. S. Yenukidze, on June 28, 1923, suggested placing a red star at the top of the coat of arms, in place of the monogram "USSR". His remark "A star instead of a monogram" is preserved in the archival drawing of V.P. Korzun.
At the final stage, the artist I.I.Dubasov was invited to work on the coat of arms, and he completed the final drawing. In his first draft, the slogans were placed on a red ribbon covering the lower part of the coat of arms. Then it was decided to place the slogans in 6 languages \u200b\u200bon the tape hooks.
On July 6, 1923, the II session of the USSR Central Executive Committee adopted a drawing of the coat of arms (simultaneously with the adoption of the draft Constitution). On September 22, 1923, the design of the coat of arms was finally approved by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR A.S. Yenukidze. The Constitution of the USSR, adopted by the Second Congress of Soviets on January 31, 1924, officially legalized the new coat of arms.
The USSR Constitution of 1924 contained a description of state symbols in the 11th chapter:
"70. The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consists of a hammer and sickle on the globe, depicted in the rays of the sun and framed by ears, with an inscription in the languages \u200b\u200bmentioned in Art. 34: “Workers of all countries, unite!”. There is a five-pointed star at the top of the coat of arms ”.
In the USSR Constitution of 1936, the coat of arms is described in Chapter XII "COAT OF ARMS, FLAG, CAPITAL". Article 143 read:
“The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consists of a hammer and sickle on the globe, depicted in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn, with an inscription in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Union republics:“ Workers of all countries, unite! ” There is a five-pointed star at the top of the coat of arms.
At the end of the 1920s, the motto "Workers of all countries, unite!" Was added to the coat of arms. in Turkic. The Russian version of the motto has moved to the central interception of the tape. Similar coats of arms were printed on USSR treasury bills of 1934. Inscriptions were made in Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Georgian (national alphabet), Armenian (national alphabet), Turkic-Tatar (Arabic graphics), Turkic (Latin alphabet) languages.
According to the Constitution of 1936, the USSR consisted of 11 republics (the ZSFSR was divided into the Azerbaijan, Armenian and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republics). There were also 11 ribbons on the coat of arms.
Coat of arms of the USSR with 16 ribbons and inscriptions. Postage Stamp.
On September 3, 1940, the Secretariat of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR decided to amend the state emblem of the USSR in connection with the change in the number of union republics and the clarification of the spelling of the motto in the national languages. Work was underway to prepare a new Constitution, and on March 3, 1941, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet adopted a preliminary draft of the emblem, but the completion of the work was prevented by the war. Only on June 26, 1946, by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, a new version of the coat of arms was introduced, the motto on which was reproduced in 16 languages \u200b\u200bof the Union republics. Mottos in Moldovan, Latvian, Lithuanian, Estonian and Finnish were added to the existing inscriptions. The inscriptions in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Central Asian republics and Azerbaijan were already executed in Cyrillic.
On July 16, 1956, the Karelo-Finnish SSR was transformed into an autonomy within the RSFSR, as a result of which, by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR of September 12, 1956, the sixteenth ribbon with the motto in Finnish was removed from the coat of arms. On April 1, 1958, by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR, the text of the state motto in the Belarusian language was clarified. It began to sound like: "PRALETARY ІСІХ KRAIN, YADNAYTSESYA!" The change was made to the coat of arms of the USSR. A little earlier, on February 21, 1958, the same clarification was made on the coat of arms of the BSSR by decree of the PVS of the Byelorussian SSR.
The location of the ribbons with the slogans on the coat of arms of the USSR corresponded to the order of listing the union republics in Art. 13 of the Constitution, established according to the size of the population.
Memorial sign "Coat of arms of the USSR" in the city of Penza
The refinement and redrawing of the coat of arms at different times was carried out by the artists of Goznak I. S. Krylkov, S. A. Novsky, P. M. Chernyshev, S. A. Pomansky. On March 31, 1980, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Regulation on the State Emblem of the USSR was approved. On June 25, it is enshrined in the USSR Law. According to this Regulation:
"one. The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a symbol of the state sovereignty of the USSR, the inviolable union of workers, peasants and intelligentsia, friendship and brotherhood of the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country, the state unity of the Soviet people, building a communist society.
2. The state emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is an image of a hammer and sickle against the background of the globe, in the rays of the sun and framed by ears of corn, with an inscription in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Union republics: "Workers of all countries, unite!" At the top of the coat of arms is a five-pointed star. The inscriptions on the State Emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the languages \u200b\u200bof the Union republics are reproduced on the ribbon framing the ears in the following order: in the bottom center - in Russian; from bottom to top on the left side - in Ukrainian, Uzbek, Georgian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Tajik, Turkmen; on the right side - in Belarusian, Kazakh, Azerbaijani, Moldavian, Kyrgyz, Armenian, Estonian. In the color image of the State Emblem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the hammer and sickle, the sun and ears are gold; the water surface of the globe is blue, the continents are light brown; ribbon - red; the star is red, framed by a gold border. "
Coat of arms 1923
Until the end of the 1960s, it was believed that the author of the coat of arms of the Soviet Union was Ivan Ivanovich Dubasov, the artist of Goznak. It is known that I. Dubasov did not participate in the first competition among Goznak artists, announced at the beginning of 1923 for the creation of the project for the coat of arms of the USSR. Then this work was entrusted to the head of the art and reproduction department of Goznak, Vladimir Nikolaevich Adrianov, an excellent graphic artist and cartographer. In turn, V. Adrianov attracted a colleague of topographer-photogrammer Vsevolod Pavlovich Korzun to this work.
In accordance with the instructions of the CEC commission, it was necessary to preserve the emblem "Hammer and Sickle" on the USSR coat of arms, which appeared on the RSFSR coat of arms in 1918.
This emblem was born in the days of February bourgeois revolution 1917 and symbolized the union of workers and peasants. This interpretation of this symbol was consonant with the October Revolution and it was decided to have this emblem on the state emblem of Soviet Russia. Analyzing the previous images of the hammer and sickle, we can say that everywhere its handle has a thickening in the lower part, i.e. the sickle is attached to its thinner end. The handles of many other tools (files, scrapers, etc.) are attached in the same way, because the thickened part of the handle provides comfort and reliability in holding. On the coats of arms of cities and numerous projects of the coat of arms of the RSFSR and the USSR, the handle of the sickle is depicted with a thickening downward; V. Korzun did the same, presenting to V. Adrianov his first draft of the coat of arms of the USSR. The head of the work, V. Adrianov, tried to depict all the elements of the coat of arms as clearly and accurately as possible. To this end, he took pictures of his globe many times in order to depict the globe from the best angle, and he coped with this task brilliantly. Following this principle, he apparently asked to get him a "real peasant sickle", as he was later called by many authors of articles on the history of the USSR coat of arms, referring to the memoirs of I. Dubasov. However, the sickle that appeared in V. Adrianov's office differed from its "brothers" in that it was attached to the thickened end of the handle. It was noted above that the sickle was never depicted in this way, but in everyday life it happened, because there could be several reasons for attaching the sickle to the thickened end of the handle: for example, damage to the thin end of the handle with a careless attachment, the appearance of cracks in this place, etc .; in any case, this was done for the temporary use of the sickle. It can only be assumed that when a request came from the city to provide a sickle as a sample, the peasants gave the one that was not needed on the farm, with a broken handle. V. Adrianov and V. Korzun in the past, military intellectuals, were far from agriculture and they have never held in their hands such an instrument of labor as the sickle of the farmer. Blindly trusting this "nature-model", on their very first joint project, which was essentially the basis of the coat of arms of the USSR, they depicted a sickle on the globe with a handle inserted with a thickening upward. All subsequent versions of the coat of arms had the same image of a sickle, including those worked on by I. Dubasov, who was invited to complete the final drawings of the coat of arms of the USSR, both line and full color.
The author of these lines had a chance to visit I. Dubasov twice and to write down in detail the story about his participation in the creation of the coat of arms of the USSR. He said that he was presented with projects of the participants of the competition, projects of Adrianov and Korzun, which had to be taken as a basis, since they were approved by the CEC commission, photographs of the globe with the contours of the continents, meridians and parallels drawn on them, the texts of the slogan "Workers of all countries, unite!" in six languages, and also showed the sickle in Adrianov's office. Dubasov did not want to take it with him to Odintsovo, but took a sheet of tracing paper and traced the outline of the sickle on it along with the handle thickened upwards. As you can see, Dubasov was no better acquainted with the sickle than Adrianov, and did not almost doubt the correctness of the handle attachment. And Dubasov could not make any amendments, changes, and even more additions, since all elements of the coat of arms had already been agreed upon. As an artist, Ivan Ivanovich coped with his task perfectly. Now it is even difficult to imagine that this work could be done by someone else.
Coat of arms 1937
It is surprising that in the CEC commission there was not a single person who would pay attention to the fact that the handle of the sickle was planted upside down. So the coat of arms of the USSR was approved, and twice: the dashed version - August 7, 1923 and the full-color version - September 22, 1923. From that moment on, the coat of arms of the USSR appeared on the state seal, various forms of state papers, on banknotes, coins, badges, badges, i.e. wherever he was supposed to be. It is difficult to say when this incident was noticed, but even when the first change was made to the USSR coat of arms (in 1931, the seventh inscription of the slogan “Workers of all countries, unite!” Appeared on the coat of arms in Tajik), the image of the sickle remained erroneous.
And only in 1937, when there were eleven Soviet republics and the same number of turns of a scarlet ribbon with the proletarian slogan in eleven languages \u200b\u200bappeared on the coat of arms, was the handle of the sickle depicted as it was supposed to be thickened down.