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Directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces 314/2/0061 of 04/26/1979, served as the basis for the order of the commander of the TURKVO troops 21/4/00755 of 05/04/1979 on the formation of a separate special forces detachment of 538 people in the state of the 15th brigade. into the history of our Fatherland as a "Muslim battalion".
Historical reference
March 18, 1979 1st Secretary General The Central Committee of the PDPA Nur Mohammad Taraki called the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Kosygin and asked to send soldiers, the indigenous inhabitants of the Asian republics of the USSR, to destroy the 4,000-strong detachment of Iranian servicemen dressed in civilian clothes who had entered the city of Herat.
“We want Tajiks, Uzbeks, and Turkmens to be sent to us so that they can drive tanks, since all these nationalities are in Afghanistan,” the Afghan leader urged the Soviet Prime Minister. - Let them wear Afghan clothes, Afghan badges, and no one will recognize them. This is a very easy job in our opinion. The experience of Iran and Pakistan shows that this work is easy to do. They give a sample. "
Despite the fact that Kosygin expressed doubts about this proposal, on April 26, 1979, the General Staff of the USSR Ministry of Defense issued a special directive No. 314/2/0061 on the formation of a special purpose detachment of the GRU, which later became known as the "Muslim battalion."
It was formed by colonels V.V. Kolesnik, Shvets O.U., Lavrenev N.N. and Blokhin A.P., as well as the head of intelligence of the TurkVO Colonel Dunets V.V.
In order to preserve secrecy, it was decided to resettle the detachment from the military camp of the brigade, having repaired the abandoned town of the engineering battalion for this in an economic way.
The commander of the 2nd detachment of the 15th brigade, Major Stoderevsky I.Yu. instructed to lead the construction of the town. He received under his command a company of military builders, several dozen civilian builders from all KECh of the district, two hundred personnel from the brigade as auxiliary workers. In 2 months, the repair of the town was completed.
The recruitment of a new battalion began at a fast pace, exclusively from persons of nationalities Central Asia... Personnel arrived from all districts. Mainly from airborne divisions and to a lesser extent from motorized rifle units.
Command staff of 154 OOSPN of the first formation
The detachment commander was appointed major Kholbaev Khabib Tadjibaevich, Born in 1947. Graduate of the Tashkent VOKU them. Lenin. Since 1969, he served in 15 special brigades as a group commander, commander of a special forces company, deputy commander of a special forces detachment for airborne forces. Captains M.T.Sakhatov were appointed deputies of the detachment commander, at the suggestion of the personnel department of TurkVO. (deputy), A.M. Ashurov (chief of staff), Sattarov A.S. (political deputy), Ibragimov E.N. (deputy of fun), Major D. Jalilov (deputy for rear). The companies were commanded by senior lieutenants: Amangeldyev K.M., Sharipov V.S., Miryusupov M.M., and captain Kudratov I.S. Senior Lieutenant V.M. Prout was appointed commander of the anti-aircraft artillery group ... Captain Nikonov was the commander of the ORNO. Warrant officer Yu Neverov, deputy commander of the civilian civil aviation ... Young graduates were appointed commanders of special forces groups general military schools, among them two lieutenants (Tursunkulov R.T. and Abzalimov R.K.) were graduates of the RVVDKU. Separate communications and support platoons were commanded by senior lieutenant Mirsaatov Yu.M. and senior warrant officer Rakhimov A.
American military expert JIAYI ZHOU dedicated a special book to the Soviet Muslim battalion, beginning with a standing ovation of national policy in the USSR when he studied archival materials regarding this unit. Interestingly, his research was funded by the RAND Corporation, which is considered the "thought factory" of American strategists. "A unique Soviet identity emerged in the USSR, which cannot be explained by traditional values \u200b\u200b- national or religious," writes Jezi Hou. According to him, 538 people under the command of Major Khabibjan Kholbaev were united by the idea of \u200b\u200btheir socialist mission in Afghanistan. It was the 154th separate special-purpose detachment of the GRU, consisting exclusively of Uzbeks, Tajiks and Turkmens. In total, more than five thousand soldiers passed through the sieve of the special commission.
The training of the fighters of Detachment 154 was quite typical for the Soviet army - typically good. In the presence chief of Staff of the TURKVO, Lieutenant General G.F. Krivosheeva in the summer of 1979, the "Muslims" conducted tactical exercises "to capture a separate building" and "battles in the city." In particular, the grenade launchers were required to hit targets by noise through the smoke screen. Shooting accurately on the run and mastering sambo techniques were taken for granted.
Special attention was paid to the coordination of companies and platoons by means of radio communication, for which Senior Lieutenant Yu.M. Mirsaatov was in charge. The writer Eduard Belyaev, who studied the documents of the training of the 154th detachment, as well as other fighters sent to Afghanistan, writes that the stereotypes that appeared after the release of the film "9th Company" do not correspond to reality.
Combat formation of detachment units
By June 1, 1979, out of a thousand candidates submitted, the squad was fully staffed up to a staff of 532 people. For a month and a half, the detachment, completely freed from orders, guards and extraneous work, completed an annual combat training program. The entire personnel of the detachment made parachute jumps. Combat coordination of the formed units was carried out.
Shooting and driving were handed over at the training grounds of the combined arms and tank schools. There were no limits on fuel and ammunition. The grenade launchers fired at a distance, at a time, at noise through the smoke, at a minimum distance. Who was supposed to hand over practical tasks in mine-blasting business. All were tested for physical endurance during 30 kilometers of marches. During the entire check, specialist translators monitored the mastery of the teams in Farsi and the knowledge of the Arabic script. As a result, the commission assessed the results of the audit as good.
There was a lull. Soldiers began to be recruited for guard duty and for various chores.
Despite the fact that the fighters of the "Muslim battalion" in full combat readiness regularly traveled to the Tuzel airfield (Tashkent) to be sent to Afghanistan, the departure was postponed every time.
Reconnaissance on the ground
By order of the GRU chief, the commander of the detachment, Major Kholbaev, and the deputy commanders of the 15th brigade, Majors Gruzdev and Turbulanov, flew to Kabul to reconnoitre the presidential palace, as well as the renovated Taj Bek palace in Duralaman, where Amin soon moved.
Telegram to Chief of General Staff Ogarkov
“In the period from 11 to 17 July 1979, a reconnaissance was carried out in the city of Kabul with the aim of the possible use of the 15th brigade of special forces of the TURKVO. According to soviet ambassador and leaders of the special services, the greatest activation of the rebels in the periphery and the city of Kabul is expected in August. In this regard, the ambassador asks: to transfer the detachment to Kabul before August 10. The development of the implementation of the transfer measures shall be entrusted to the Air Force Commander and the TURKVO Commander. "
General of the Army Ivashutin
However, the transfer of the detachment was delayed. In mid-October, the "Muslim" battalion resumed intensive combat training under the "Capture Objects" program. The AKM and AKMS submachine guns, RPK machine guns and TT pistols received from the warehouses were shot at. At the end of November, another check of combat training took place, which was attended by the authorities from Moscow. “There were several options for transferring to Afghanistan. - said Kholbaev. "In addition to the flight, the march to Kabul was considered under its own power."
However, after the officers of the chief of the Afghan presidential guard, Major Jandad, strangled Taraki, on December 4, 1979, Y. Andropov and N. Ogarkov sent the now well-known note 312/2/0073 to the CPSU Central Committee:
“Taking into account the current situation and at the request of H. Amin, we consider it expedient to send a GRU detachment prepared for this purpose to Afghanistan. General Staff total number of 500 people in uniforms that do not disclose his affiliation with the Armed Forces of the USSR " .
First entry into Afghanistan
On the night of December 5, the first group from the 3rd company of special forces under the command of the deputy commander of the detachment, Captain Sakhatov M.T., departed from the Chirchik airfield on an AN-12 plane to Afghanistan. The transfer of the entire battalion personnel was carried out on the night of December 9-10, from two airfields, in Chirchik and Tashkent (Tuzel), by AN-12, AN-22, and Il-76 aircraft. Each flight took off 45 minutes. The interval between flights was no more than two hours. The departure was carried out on three flights of seven planes to the Bagram airfield. To accommodate the battalion at the Bagram airbase, Captain Sakhatov's group prepared CSS tents at the rate of one for each company and under the headquarters.
Subsequently, the detachment was redeployed south-west of Kabul to the Dar-ul Aman area, to strengthen the protection of the Taj Bek presidential palace.
On 27.12.1979, at 19.00, the assault on the Taj Bek Palace began, the operation ended at 23.00. Quite a lot has been written about how the "Muslim battalion" stormed this palace, and those who study or are simply interested in this topic have practically no questions left.
Only one thing should be added, the loss of personnel of the "Muslim battalion", during the hostilities during the assault on the Taj Bek palace, amounted to: 7 people killed (in addition, 5 KGB officers from the operational-combat groups "Thunder" and "Zenith" were killed, as well as 2 soldiers from the 9th parachute company of the 345th paratrooper division attached to the detachment (the company commander is senior lieutenant V. Vostrotin).
During Operation Storm 333, 67 servicemen of the Special Forces unit were wounded of varying severity.
In April 1980, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR was signed on awarding 370 servicemen of 15 special brigades, participants of the operation "Storm-333" with orders and medals of the USSR. Awards received and 400 employees of the KGB of the USSR.
At the end of 1981, efforts were made to increase the grouping of intelligence agencies. In Afghanistan, two separate special forces of the GRU are introduced to operate in the northern regions of the country. One of these battalions was 154 ooSpN.
By that time, on May 7, 1981, 154 ooSpN were awarded the Combat Banner of the unit. The holiday of the unit was determined - April 26 (1979). By the directive of the Chief of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces 4/372 of October 21, 1981, 154 ooSpN was planned to enter the DRA on October 26, 1981.
Second commissioning of 154 ooSpN to Afghanistan
The detachment, after being reorganized, without conducting combat coordination, under the command of Major I.Yu. Stoderevsky, on the night of October 29-30, 1981, crossed the state border with Afghanistan in the Termez area. 154 ooSpN for the period of hostilities received an open name - 1st separate motorized rifle battalion (military unit field mail 35651, call sign "Amur-35").
From October 30, 1981 to May 15, 1988 Detachment 154 took part in continuous hostilities with armed rebel formations. Destroying by air raids and from ambush the manpower of the Mujahideen, destroying the enemy's fortified areas (UR), front headquarters, Islamic committees, training centers, warehouses with weapons and ammunition, participating in the searches of caravans and conducting aerial reconnaissance in the zone of responsibility.
The most famous combat operations of the detachment, after "Storm 333", were:
- capture of the rebel bases in Jar Kuduk (Jowzjan province, December 1981),
- the capture of rebel bases in Darzab (Fariab province, January 1982),
- lifting the blockade of Sancharak (Jowzjan province, April 1982).
- the destruction of 2 gangs in Kuli-Ishan (Samangan province, October 1982),
- the capture of rebel bases in the Marmol Gorge (Balkh province, March 1983),
- assault of the UR "Goshta" and the UR "Karera"
- operations in the provinces of Nangarhar and Kunar near Kulala, Bar-Koshmund, Bagicha, Loy-Termai, in the Black Mountains, near Shahidan, Mangval, Sarband, the army operation "Vostok-88" and others.
By the combat order of the commander of 40 OA 01 dated 03/13/1988, the withdrawal of 154 ooSpN was determined by the first convoy from Jalalabad on May 15, 1988.
228 units of military equipment in one convoy made the march Jalalabad - Kabul - Puli-Khumri - Hairaton in three days.
On May 20, 1988, the exit to the place of permanent deployment in the city of Chirchik of the USSR was completed by rail.
154 separate detachment of special forces commanded:
Major Kholbaev Khabibdzhan Tadjibaevich from 5.1979 to 8.1981
Major Kosteniuk Nikolay Mikhailovich from 8.1981 to 10.1981
Major Stoderevsky Igor Yurievich from 10.1981 to 11.1983
Major Olekseenko Vasily Ivanovich from 11.1983 to 2.1984
Major Portnyagin Vladimir Pavlovich from 2.1984 to 11.1984
Major Dementyev Alexey Mikhailovich from 11.1984 to 8.1985
Major Abzalimov Ramil Karimovich from 08.1985 to 10.1986
Major Giluch Vladislav Petrovich from 10.1986 to 11.1987
Captain Vorobyov Vladimir Fedorovich from 11.1987 to 6.1988
Major Kozlov Yuri Vsevolodovich from 6.1988 to 9.1990
Major Efimenko Anatoly Nikolaevich from 9.1990 to 9.1991
Lieutenant Colonel Svirin Valery Mikhailovich from 9.1991 to 9.1992
Major Vorontsov Sergey Anatolyevich from 9.1992 to 12.1994
Spetsnaz inflicted tangible damage on the Islamic opposition, so according to the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces, the GRU special forces of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces destroyed 17,000 rebels, 990 caravans and 332 depots, and captured 825 prisoners.
The results of the reconnaissance and combat activities of 154 ooSpN as of May 1, 1983:
Operations performed - 248
Rebels killed - 955 people.
Captured - 452 people.
Small arms captured - 566 units.
DShK machine guns - 2 units.
Ammunition captured
Cartridges - over 100,000 pcs.
Mines - 237 pcs.
Grenades - 228 pcs.
RPG rounds - 183 pcs.
Electric detonators - 5200 pcs.
Detonator capsules - 8000 pcs.
Mines for 60 mm mortar - 235 pcs.
Cavalry horses captured 16
Cars seized - 12 units. and BRDM-1
Islamic committees destroyed - 9
The situation in the zones of responsibility has been stabilized Jowzjan Province, Samangan Province
Our losses
Killed - 34 people.
Missing - 1 person
Change of unit deployment:
June 1979-December 1979 - Chirchik, Tashkent region, USSR;
December 1979-January 1980 - Bagram, Kabul, Afghanistan;
February 1980-October 1981 - Chirchik, Tashkent region, USSR;
October 1981-July 1982 - Akcha, Jowzjan province, Afghanistan;
August 1982-February 1984 - Aybak, Samangan province, Afghanistan;
February 1984 - May 1988 - Jalalabad (Shamarheil), Nangarhar province, Afghanistan;
May 20, 1988 - May 1990 - Chirchik, Tashkent region, USSR, Uzbekistan.
June 1990 - 1994 - Azadbash, Bastanlyk district of Tashkent region, USSR;
December 1994 - 2000 years. transferred to the Ministry of Defense of Uzbekistan, renamed 28 separate reconnaissance battalion of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Uzbekistan.
2000 - Disbanded.
Awards 154 ooSpN
Pennant of the Minister of Defense of the USSR "For Courage and Military Valor" by order of the Ministry of Defense of the SSR 273 of December 1, 1985
Honorary Red Banner of the People's Democratic Party of the Republic of Afghanistan 04/26/1988
Certificate of awarding of personnel of 154 ooSpN (data as of May 15, 1988):
Order of Lenin - 8 officers;
Order of the Red Banner - 53 (of which 31 are officers, 13 are sergeants, 9 are soldiers)
Order of the Red Star - 423 (of which 132 officers, 32 warrant officers, 127 sergeants, 112 soldiers)
Order "For Service to the Motherland in the USSR Armed Forces" - 25 (of which 24 are officers and warrant officers, 1 soldier);
Medal "For Courage" - 623 (12 officers, 15 warrant officers, 205 sergeants, 391 soldiers)
Medal "For Military Merit" - 247 (11 officers, 24 warrant officers, 102 sergeants, 110 soldiers);
Medal of the USSR Ministry of Defense "For Distinction in Military Service" - 118 people.
Losses of personnel of 154 ooSpN from 12/27/1979 to 05/15/1988 amounted to 186 people.
Killed in battles or died of wounds - 177 servicemen; Missing - 9 servicemen.
Losses of 154 separate special-purpose detachment of the GRU General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces
Losses 154 oSpN in the period 5.12.1979 - 10.1.1980 ("Muslim battalion")
1979 year
1980 year
Losses 154 oSpN in the period 29.10.1981 - 1985 ("1 motorized rifle battalion")
1981 year
| 1.St. Lieutenant Mikhalev Vladimir Nikolaevich | pom. early of the detachment headquarters died on November 1 in an accident - shot by a sentry while bypassing posts |
| 2.Perty Gorbunov Evgeny Alexandrovich | disappeared on November 7 in the province of Dzauzjan - actually captured in battle and died, but the body was not found |
| 3.Lt. Sleptsov Andrey Alexandrovich - the commander of the flamethrower group | killed in action on November 20 |
| 4.Sergeant Shivarev Alexander Fedorovich | |
| 5.Perty Bobiev Khairidin Teshaevich | |
| 6.Private Milibayev Bakhodir Patidinovich | |
| 7.Perty Chegodaev Viktor Anatolyevich | |
| 8.Private Eshonov Shavkat Abduraimovich | |
| 9.Jr. Sergeant Kalinin Mikhail Valentinovich | killed in action on December 7 |
| 10.Jr. Sergeant Rakhmatulin Rashid Shavkatovich | |
| 11. Junior Sergeant Shchegolev Leonid Yurievich |
1982 year
| 1.Perty Gavrilov Sergei Gennadievich | died on January 4 from wounds received in battle |
| 2.Private Yuldashev Akhatkul Rakhmanovich | he was seriously wounded as a result of a mine explosion and died in hospital on 24 January 1982. |
| 3.Perty Babaev Norbobo Manonovich | died on January 16 in an accident |
| 4.Jr. Sergeant Khairullin Farit Nagimovich | killed in action on January 29 |
| 5.Private Shadmanov Giyas Irgashevich | killed in action on February 19 |
| 6.Perty Shirokikh Viktor Valentinovich | seriously wounded in battle on February 21 and died on April 12, 1982 |
| 7.Art Lieutenant Vladimir Vladimirovich Statkevich - Deputy Commander of the 2nd Company for Political Affairs | killed in action on April 4 |
| 8.Privlenkov Sergey Vladimirovich | died on May 18 in an accident |
| 9. Corporal Shkolin Viktor Ivanovich | killed in action on May 28 |
| 10.Lt. Kalmykov Sergey Nikolaevich | killed in action on June 6 |
| 11.Sergeant Gimranov Anvar Nailovich | |
| 12.Sergeant Shvornev Mikhail Alexandrovich | |
| 13.Jr. Sergeant Shabakaev Mars Oktyabrisovich | |
| 14. Corporal Antsiferov Igor Mikhailovich | |
| 15.Private Aliberdiev Kabul Karimovich | |
| 16.Private Vashchebrovich Alexander Ivanovich | |
| 17. ml. Sergeant Maurin German Alekseevich | seriously wounded in battle on June 6 and died on June 10, 1982 |
| 18.Perty Mordovin Yuri Vasilievich | died of wounds on June 29 |
| 19.Private Vafin Damir Munnulovich | killed in action on July 5 |
| 20.Perty Kapustin Viktor Vladimirovich | killed in action on 28 August |
| 21. Junior Sergeant Shapovalov Igor Nikolaevich | died in battle on October 11 |
| 22.Sergeant Gerasimov Alexander Yurievich | killed in action on November 3 |
| 23.Perty Balybin Dmitry Valentinovich | died on November 16 in an accident |
1983 year
| 1.Perty Sorokin Alexander Vasilievich | killed in action on May 3 |
| 2.Perty Melnik Viktor Vladimirovich | died on July 29 from injuries sustained in an accident |
| 3.Perty Skvortsov Yuri Sergeevich | died on 6 August in an accident |
| 4.Private Podzerei Boris Vladimirovich | killed in action on 28 August |
| 5.Perty Korkin Viktor Alekseevich | |
| 6.Jr. Sergeant Kislitsyn Sergey Gennadievich | died on September 5 when an armored personnel carrier was blown up on a mine |
| 7. senior lieutenant of the medical service Begishev Elgizer Fyodorovich | died on September 6 when a medical MTLB was blown up on a land mine |
| 8.Leutenant of the medical service Kryshtal Igor Nikolaevich | |
| 9. Corporal Trofimov Ivan Mikhailovich - sanitary instructor | |
| 10. corporal Terekhov Sergey Vladimirovich | died in battle on September 19 |
| 11. senior lieutenant Domanin Vladimir Vladimirovich | killed in action on September 23 |
| 12.Perty Vysotin Igor Alexandrovich | died of illness on October 2 |
1984 year
| 1.Perty Belikov Valery Vladimirovich | died on January 12 in an accident |
| 2.Perty Karimov Eldar Zakirovich | died on February 6 in an accident |
| 3.Perty Koyali Mikhail Vadimovich | |
| 4.Perty Stadnik Sergei Grigorievich | |
| 5.Private Obukhov Sergei Mikhailovich | seriously wounded on February 6 in an accident and died on 7.2.1984 |
| 6.Perty Malygin Alexander Vladimirovich | He was seriously wounded in battle on March 12 and died on April 17, 1984. |
| 7.Lt. Ovcharenko Sergey Vasilievich | died on March 23 in an accident - they drowned while crossing, but are officially listed as "missing" since their bodies were not found |
| 8.Jr. Sergeant Olennikov Yuri Nikolaevich | |
| 9.Perty Belitsky Viktor Pavlovich | |
| 10.Private Andrey Kazanev | died on March 23 in an accident - drowned while crossing |
| 11.Perty Mokrov Alexander Mikhailovich | |
| 12.Perty Yurchenko Mikhail Ivanovich |
| 13.Lt. Skuridin Oleg Viktorovich | died in battle on April 8, according to the All-Union Communist Party died on 7.4.1984 |
| 14.Jr. Sergeant Malyuta Ivan Ivanovich | |
| 15.Private Asanov Eldar Ferdausovich | died in battle on April 8, according to the All-Union Communist Party, died on April 11, 1984 |
| 16.Perty Uchanin Andrey Nikolaevich - driver | killed in action on April 8 |
| 17.Sergeant Borets Alexander Nikolaevich | he was seriously wounded in battle on April 8 and died on April 11, 1984; according to the All-Union Communist Party, he was seriously wounded on April 7, 1984. |
| 18.Perty Katsov Valery Vasilievich | killed in action on April 9 |
| 19.Perty Popov Igor Alexandrovich | |
| 20.Perty Dresvyannikov Alexander Gennadievich | killed in action on April 21 |
| 21. Private Sadikov Gulamzhon Galievich | killed in action on May 23 |
| 22. Junior Sergeant Melentiy Ivan Mikhailovich | killed in action on June 1 |
| 23. Junior Sergeant Rudenko Nikolay Vasilievich | |
| 24. Private Dadaev Nugman Kambarovich | |
| 25. Private Kryzhanovsky Pyotr Andreevich | |
| 26. Private Kydyrmanov Ermek Kasenovich | |
| 27. Private Golubev Valery Vladimirovich | died in battle on June 3 |
| 28.Sergeant Zhigalo Valery Viktorovich | died on June 26 from heatstroke on a combat mission |
| 29.Captain Babko Valery Vladimirovich | killed in action on July 10 |
| 30.Sergeant Korolev Nikolay Vasilievich | died of illness on July 22 |
| 31. Lieutenant Nafikov Hamit Muginovich | killed in action on August 15 |
| 32. Junior Sergeant Usman Magomedov | |
| 33. Lance corporal Kharitonov Andrey Ivanovich | |
| 34.Sgt. Pihur Vasily Viktorovich | died on September 8 in an accident |
| 35. Private Monastyrsky Vitaly Stepanovich | |
| 36. Junior Sergeant Kudima Oleg Evgenievich | he was seriously wounded in battle on September 24 and died on September 25, 1984. |
| 37. Junior Sergeant Tokmakov Sergey Nikolaevich | killed in action on September 24 |
| 38. Junior Sergeant Vorobyov Gennady Valentinovich | died on November 4 in a mine explosion |
| 39. Private Matevosyan Matevos Samsonovich | killed in action on June 1 |
| 40. Private Mukhin Alexey Viktorovich | |
| 41. senior sergeant Pirozhkov Vladimir Mikhailovich | killed in action on 4 December |
| 42. Junior Sergeant Igor Evgenievich Pekshin | |
| 43. Private Dodomatov Mashakir Masharifovich | |
| 44. Private Dyldin Vasily Sergeevich | |
| 45.Private Ibragimov Tofig Ziyaddin-oglu | |
| 46. \u200b\u200bPrivate Levshchanov Nikolay Vladimirovich | |
| 47.Private Sergei Moiseev | |
| 48. Junior Sergeant Dzhimkhaev Musa Usmanovich | he was seriously wounded in battle on December 4 and died on December 5, 1984. |
Losses 154 oSpN in the period from 1985 to 18.5.1988 consisting of 15 separate brigade special purpose
1985 year
| 1.St. Lieutenant Turusumbaev Igor Vladimirovich | died on February 11 in an accident - drowned while crossing |
| 2.Lt. Lemishko Sergey Nikolaevich | |
| 3.Sergeant Kuramagomedov Mukhtarhmed Zagirovich | |
| 4. Junior Sergeant Kolyanichenko Konstantin Nikolaevich | |
| 5.Perty Abdualimov Ravshan Kuchkarovich | |
| 6.Perty Makarchuk Arkady Stepanovich | |
| 7.Perty Stela Sergey Vasilievich | |
| 8.Jr. Sergeant Zhitnyakovsky Viktor Yulianovich | died on February 11 in an accident - drowned while crossing - officially missing, since their bodies were not found |
| 9.Private Private Naumov Pavel Mikhailovich | |
| 10.Perty Sitnikov Gennady Yakovlevich | |
| 11.Jr. Sergeant Matniyazov Bakhtiyor Sultanovich | died on February 11 in an accident - drowned while crossing (in the all-Union command post the cause of death "died in battle" with the date 12.2.1985) |
| 12.Perty Smykov Vladimir Leonidovich | died in battle on March 19 |
| 13.Sergeant Plotnikov Sergey Alexandrovich | died on March 23 in an accident |
| 14.Jr. Sergeant Korkin Mikhail Valentinovich | killed in action on April 4 |
| 15.Private Davydenko Nikolay Ivanovich | killed in action on 22 July |
| 16.Perty Lyazin Pavel Vasilievich | |
| 17.Private Sergei Kuznetsov | killed in action on 24 July |
| 18.Perty Glinov Alexander Alexandrovich | died on August 13 in an accident |
| 19.Lt. Samoilov Vasily Petrovich | died of illness on August 10 |
| 20.Jr. Sergeant Yuldashev Hikmatulla Rakhmatulaevich | killed in action on 25 August |
| 21.Captain Turkov Alexey Valentinovich | killed in action on September 19 |
| 22. Lieutenant Evgeny Ivanovich Ovsyannikov | |
| 23.Private Orujov Hamlet Khanali-oglu | died in battle on October 4 |
| 24. senior lieutenant Pedko Alexander Yurievich | killed in action on October 30 |
| 25. Corporal Shcherba Alexander Vladimirovich | |
| 26. Private Dzhanzakov Daniyar Sabdenovich |
1986 year
| 1.Perty Lobanov Alexey Mikhailovich | died in battle on January 5 |
| 2.Perty Nesterov Anatoly Vladimirovich | killed in action on February 9 |
| 3.Pakhodzilo Oleg Nikolaevich | killed in action on February 11 |
| 4.Lieutenant Krasilnikov Viktor Ivanovich | he was seriously wounded in battle on March 19 and died in a hospital on March 22, 1986. |
| 5.Sergeant Kovalenko Vasily Vladimirovich | killed in action on March 19 |
| 6.Jr. Sergeant Rozhnovsky Pavel Pavlovich | |
| 7.Perty Kushnirov Anatoly Stepanovich | |
| 8.Private Private Mochernyuk Mikhail Ivanovich | |
| 9.Perty Osipov Vladimir Alexandrovich | |
| 10.Major Petunin Anatoly Anatolyevich | seriously wounded on 30 March and died of the consequences of his injury in December 1989. |
| 11. Senior Lieutenant Rozykov Holmukhamad Dzhuraevich - translator of the detachment | killed in action on March 30 |
| 12.Jr. Sergeant Razlivayev Mikhail Nikolaevich | |
| 13. Corporal Kosichkin Sergey Vladimirovich | |
| 14.Perty. Veliky Vladimir Mikhailovich | |
| 15.Private Egorov Alexander Vasilievich | |
| 16.Private Podolyan Alexander Viktorovich | |
| 17.Private Einoris Viktor Bronislavovich | |
| 18.Private Yakuta Vitaly Vladimirovich | |
| 19.Perty Buza Alexander Nikolaevich | died in battle on March 30 - officially listed as “missing”, due to the fact that their bodies remained on enemy territory |
| 20.Perty Moskvinov Dmitriy Vladimirovich | |
| 21. Private Usachev Andrey Viktorovich | died on May 28 in an accident |
| 22. Private Zazimko Viktor Borisovich | died of illness on July 16 |
| 23. Private Kukuruza Alexander Pavlovich | died on July 28 from heatstroke while performing a combat mission |
| 24.Sergeant Ibadov Shukhrat Inoyatullaevich | killed in action on August 7 |
| 25. Junior Sergeant Kobylchenko Andrey Grigorievich | |
| 26.Private Vares Urmas Olevovich | |
| 27. Private Fursov Yuri Vladimirovich | |
| 28.Sergeant Yarmosh Vladimir Vasilievich | died on September 16 while performing a combat mission as a result of an accident - drowned while crossing |
| 29. Private Semenyuk Vasily Ivanovich | |
| 30. Private Miroshnichenko Anatoly Alexandrovich | |
| 31. Lieutenant Valery Evgenievich Bondarev | died on November 29 aboard a downed plane |
| 32. Lieutenant Cherny Sergei Pavlovich |
1987 year
| 1.Perty Rajapov Sadula Kuchkaevich | died on January 13 in an accident |
| 2.Perty Chegor Andrey Borisovich | |
| 3.Lt. Semin Igor Lvovich | died on January 17 from a fragment of an exploding mine |
| 4.Perty Kabanov Vasily Anatolyevich | died on January 17 during mine clearance |
| 5.Lieutenant Zlunitsyn Oleg Igorevich | killed in action on January 27 |
| 6.Sergeant Yatskovsky Sergey Vladimirovich | |
| 7.Perty Kuchkinov Ibrahim Uktamovich | |
| 8.Private Ovdienko Nikolay Nikolaevich | |
| 9.Lt. Chikhirev Alexander Vasilievich | killed in action on March 4 |
| 10.Lieutenant Khamalko Yuri Mikhailovich | |
| 11.Perty Zhuraev Khasan Izabekovich | |
| 12.Perty Belykh Dmitry Mikhailovich | he was seriously wounded in battle on March 4 and died on May 14, 1987. |
| 13.Jr. Sergeant Tyufyakov Alexander Vasilievich | died on May 25 from wounds received in battle |
| 14.Perty Yolkin Alexey Eduardovich | died of wounds on June 8 |
| 15.Pertain Govenko Mikhail Alekseevich | died on July 2 when an armored personnel carrier was blown up on a mine |
| 16.Jr. Sergeant Soldatenko Alexander Nikolaevich | died on July 8 when an APC was blown up by a mine |
| 17.Pertain Yakhyaev Fakhriddin Khairutdinovich | |
| 18.Private Atalov Chingiz Siyavush-oglu | killed in action on 8 July |
| 19.Perty Novikov Yuri Vasilievich | |
| 20.Perty Kaydalin Yakov Vsevolodovich | died on July 24 from suicidal wounds |
| 21. Private Findyukevich Nikolay Vladimirovich | died tragically on November 30 - suicide |
1988 year
Total irrecoverable losses 154 ooSpN for the entire period of stay in Afghanistan
amounted to 186 people dead and dead *, including 24 officers
* - including missing persons - actually killed
combat losses - 137
non-combat losses in a combat situation - 6
non-combat losses - 44
Losses during periods of combat activity of the detachment -
"Muslim battalion" - 8
"1 motorized rifle battalion" - 95
As part of 15 obrSpN - 83 *
Total - 186
* - including 1 who died from the consequences of injury after the withdrawal of troops
Details about the losses of the detachment in the period from October 1981 to October 1983 can be found in the memoirs of the commander of the detachment, Major Stoderevsky Igor Yuryevich, "Notes of a GRU special forces officer" at this link:
http://www.k-istine.ru/patriotism/patriotism_stoderevskiy.htm - link
Undermining MTLB and death of Art. lieutenant f / s, doctor 154 OOSpN Elgizer Fedorovich Begishev here:
http://artofwar.ru/k/karelin_a_p/karelin2.shtml - link
Missing
1. Private Gorbunov Evgeny Alexandrovich, 07.11.81g, part was stationed in Agche, called up from the Irkutsk region.
2. Junior Sergeant Oleinikov Yuri Nikolaevich, 03/23/84, died on March 23 as a result of an accident - they drowned while crossing 3.84, part in Dzhelalabad, called up from Buryatia.
3. Lieutenant Ovcharenko Sergei Vasilievich, 03/23/84, unit in Jalalabad, drafted from the Rostov region.
4. Private Viktor Pavlovich Belitsky, 03.24.84, unit in Jalalabad, drafted from Belarus.
5. Private Pavel Mikhailovich Naumov, 02/11/85, unit in Jalalabad, drafted from the Moscow region.
6. Private Sitnikov Gennady Yakovlevich, 02/11/85, unit in Jalalabad, drafted from the Sverdlovsk region.
7. Junior Sergeant Zhitnyakovsky Viktor Yulianovich, 02/11/85, part in Jalalabad, called up from Ukraine.
8. Private Buza Alexander Mikhailovich, 03/29/86, unit in Jalalabad, drafted from Belarus.
9. Private Dmitry Vladimirovich Moskvinov, 03/29/86, unit in Jalalabad, drafted from Moscow.
Special fighters
The most important tasks were active actions to find and destroy caravans, which had proved their effectiveness. Corresponding goals were set for many units and subunits, including aviation, but the main role was assigned to the special-purpose intelligence forces of the GRU (special forces units in the GRU General Staff system were created for targeted sabotage tasks - the detection and destruction of missile launchers, headquarters and other key objects in the enemy's rear; by order Minister of Defense of March 1950 provided for the deployment of 46 special forces companies in the military districts). The training, methods and tactics of their actions almost completely corresponded to the tasks set, however, until 1984, special forces units in the 40th Army were used to a limited extent, and often not for their intended purpose. After the introduction of troops, the special forces of the GRU in Afghanistan were limited to one 469th separate reconnaissance company in Kabul, which was involved from time to time for separate missions - reconnaissance, additional reconnaissance in order to verify information, capture prisoners and destroy opposition leaders and commanders. Later, two more SPN detachments were introduced (the GRU SPN detachment of about 500 people corresponded to an army battalion). When entering Afghanistan, for reasons of secrecy, they were called "separate motorized rifle battalions" with serial numbers - 1st, 2nd, etc. So, the 154th oospn became the 1st battalion, the 177th oospn became the 2nd battalion. These names were used in intra-unit documentation and everyday life. The 154th oospn from Chirchik and the 177th oospn from Kapchagai, Alma-Ata region, were transferred to the ARA in October 1981.
Spetsnaz platoon of Lieutenant Sergey Melnichuk of the 1st company of the Jalalabad 154th oospn, summer 1987. The unit observed uniformity in clothing - all fighters were dressed in camouflage KZS, which, for convenience, were often divided into separate jackets and trousers, cutting them at the waist.
The Chirchik detachment received its own name - the 154th - just before its entry, on October 21, 1981, and was stationed in the city of Akcha in the Jowzjan province in the north of the DRA. Its first commander in the 40A was Major I.Yu. Stoderevskikh. Since August 1982, the detachment was transferred to Aybak in the neighboring province of Samangan.
177 sospn of Lieutenant Colonel B.T. Kerimbayev was formed in February 1980 of the year from the scouts of the Chuchkov 16th Brigade of the Special Forces (MVO) and the Kapchagai 22nd Brigade (SAVO), however Battle banner the detachment received only in September 1981 before leaving for the DRA. The detachment crossed the border together with the 154th oospn on October 21, and a week later received the first combat mission.
The special forces had their own armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles), off-road trucks, mortars and anti-aircraft installations (the high rate of fire of automatic ZU-23 and Shilok significantly increased the unit's fire capabilities, and large elevation angles made it possible to fire on steep slopes).
The activities of the Special Forces initially boiled down to the protection of industrial facilities, which were few and therefore of particular importance - the gas fields in Shibargan and the pipeline in Puli-Khumri in the north of the country. They were manned by officers of motorized rifle units and practically lost their former capabilities.
The states and structure of the detachments also resembled ordinary army ones: each OOSPN had six companies (three - special forces, one for engineering flamethrower, grenade launcher and mortar and repair and material support and transport) and two groups - communications and anti-aircraft. They were armed with heavy equipment, including "Shilki", and a variety of armor. So, the 1st and 2nd companies were equipped with BMP-1, 3rd - BMD-1, BRDM and BTR-60PB. During the offensive during the Panjshir operation, the forces of the 177th oospn were involved. At the end of the operation, his scouts were stationed at the outposts near Rukha, compensating for the weakness of the imposed "people's power" and covering their units. The just "defeated" enemy did not even think to surrender - on July 18, the post of the 31st reconnaissance group of Lieutenant I.A. Egiazarov (15 people, 2 AGS-17, 1 DShK and 1 "Podnos" mortar) near the village of Marishtan had to repel an attack by a large group of dushmans, who, under the cover of heavy machine guns, managed to break into the heights, but were mowed down by fire already at the outpost.
Special forces of the Kandahar detachment before flying on a mission. The group includes a squad of grenade launchers with "Flame". AGS-17 dismantled for carrying, the weapon itself is packed in a bag. In addition to the drum, they take with them a spare tape with shots.
The return of the reconnaissance group from the ambush. Every second is armed with a PC or PKM. The machine gun was the most suitable weapon for ambush operations, where a high density and range of fire was required, capable of stopping a caravan, knocking out vehicles and suppressing resistance from guards, and success often depended on the strength of a sudden preemptive fire. Kandahar, summer 1987.
By the end of winter 1984, they decided to use the special forces for their intended purpose. The 177th oospn was transferred to Ghazni, which lay on the main highway that encircled the whole of Afghanistan, the 154th was placed in Jalalabad on the Pakistani direction. On February 10, the third detachment, the 173rd oospn from Kirovograd, was formed by order of the USSR Minister of Defense dated February 29, 1980 on the basis of the 12th Special Forces Brigade (then it was stationed in Lagadekhi ZakVO). However, the uncertainty about the role of the special forces in Afghanistan led to a delay in the deployment. The detachment crossed the border on February 10, and by February 14, on its own, arrived at Kandahar, where it was deployed in a military town near the airfield. These places were the hottest: the city, located near the border, was located at the intersection of ancient caravan routes and served as a key one in the control of the southwest of the country.
By the fall, another detachment appeared in the Army - the 668th oospn ("4th battalion"), freshly formed by order of August 21, 1984, from the 9th Kirovograd brigade from Ukraine. It was placed in the village of Kalagulay near the Bagram air base, and in March 1985 was transferred to the village of Soufla not far from the "hot spot" - the Dushman stronghold of Baraki, which is why it became known as the "Barakinskiy battalion".
To ensure mobility and fire support, each of the special forces detachments were assigned 4 Mi-8 transport helicopters and 4 Mi-24 combat helicopters from the Jalalabad 335 Separate Combat Helicopter Regiment (OBVP), 280 Kandahar Separate Helicopter Regiment based near the special forces deployment sites (ovp) and the 262nd separate helicopter squadron (ove) from Bagram. Helicopters of the Kabul 50th separate mixed air regiment were also involved in the work with special forces.
Kandahar special forces are sent on a flight with Afghan gunners, who have stocked up with everything they need for several days - cans of water, clothes, sun blankets and soldiers' blankets. One of the scouts, in a KZS suit and Kimry sneakers, has an automatic rifle equipped with an RPK-74 horn with a capacity of 45 rounds.
The scouts lead the Afghan gunners to the helicopter. In order not to betray the assistants, they were brought to the very flight, hiding from prying eyes and wrapping their faces with turbans. In the same unrecognized form, they left the airfield after the assignment.
With the advent of new tasks, the staffs, structure and armament of the detachments were changed: the detachments were "unloaded", getting rid of heavy weapons, and eliminated the inconsistency in equipment. Now the oospn consisted of five companies (three special forces and one each for mining and RMO), as well as a liaison group and a SPAAG. In addition, four groups of ATC-17 and RPO-A "Bumblebee" were introduced in the companies of special forces from among the former flamethrower and grenade launcher platoons of the corresponding companies of the detachment. The 1st company was armed with BMP-2, 2nd and 3rd - BTR-60 and BTR-70.
Before the introduction of the mining company into the staff, each of the detachments had an attached special mining platoon (group) from the 45th engineer regiment. If necessary, artillery units were allocated to support the actions of special forces near garrisons and bases.
The most combat-ready in the entire 40A, special forces units received the latest equipment and weapons, including special ones - communications, surveillance and signaling, silent firing and explosive equipment. They were better equipped and supplied than others, albeit adjusted for the well-known sluggishness of the rear services. Until the very end of the war, the army did not receive modern mountain equipment and appropriate uniforms, the best was left to be desired by means of camouflage and heavy body armor. A few experimental samples of overalls, overalls, capes and equipment remained isolated. There were especially many complaints about medical supplies, unsuitable footwear and low-calorie food rations, which forced the supply to be adjusted at the expense of trophies, to buy and make the most necessary items of equipment on their own - backpacks, unloading vests, pouches and knapsacks.
Mi-8MT go on a mission. After the first losses, all sorties - from messengers and transport to shock and search and rescue missions - were carried out only in pairs and units. This procedure made it possible to provide quick assistance to the crew, shot down or landed in an emergency in inhospitable places. Pilots and troops were picked up by the partner himself or helped them wait for the gain, covering them with fire from the air.
Mi-8MT of the Kandahar helicopter detachment of the 205th ove, attached to the 173rd oospn. When forming "spetsnaz" squadrons, they were equipped with only the latest helicopters of the latest series. To provide fire support capabilities, it was prescribed for all Mi-8s working with airborne reconnaissance groups in the "Veil" system, in addition to onboard machine guns, to suspend two 32-charge UB-32-57 missile units.
The battalion commander, Major I.V. Solonik characterized the equipment as follows: “Basically, all the soldiers and officers altered the equipment and uniforms, as it impeded movement, it was inconvenient. Nobody went to ambushes in army shoes. In the mountains it was uncomfortable and heavy, and in its footsteps the enemy could easily determine the place of the ambush. " In the 177th oospn, the personnel "dumped" money in order to order 200-300 sets of the necessary ammunition together with vacationers at the sewing cooperative. Boots, the same "bras", camouflage, sleeping bags and, especially, high-quality medicines, painkillers, blood substitutes, disposable syringes, tourniquets and tires were in great demand in the crushed caravans.
Reconnaissance and search operations were conducted in small mobile groups, usually a detachment of 7-10 people. The group traveled in several armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and Uralakhs along well-known caravan routes. Acting autonomously for 5-6 days and relying in a collision, basically, only on their own forces, on armor and trucks, they took large-caliber machine guns and ATC-17. Spetsnaz groups were sent to check intelligence, to seize weapons and prisoners, detect parking lots, caravans, warehouses and gangs, installed reconnaissance and signal equipment and mined trails, including special means - radio control kits for the PD-530 explosion, proximity explosive devices "Okhota " and others. Conducting a search in the area east of Surubi in November 1986, Major G. Bykov's group from the 154th oospn exterminated 15 dushmans in one three-day raid and identified three warehouses, taking trophies.
Well-armed and well-trained special forces were also involved in combined arms operations, where they were used not only for special measures, but also as ordinary units that took fortresses and villages and cleaned up the area. However, they also had a special role to play.
Mi-8MT is on the way for a reconnaissance group to land over the Registan desert. Nestling to the ground for stealth, the car goes over the very dunes, almost touching its own shadow with its wheels. Flying at low level at a speed of 150-180 km / h, prohibited by all instructions, required aerobatics, eye and reaction.
After several false landings, which distracted possible enemy observers, the Mi-8MT hovers to drop the group. The landing site was usually chosen near the foot of the mountains, where the landing force was hiding from a possible chase.
The landing of a special forces group at the Pakistani border in preparation for the Khosta operation. Alizay-Parachinar area, summer 1986
The inspection team returns to the helicopter after checking the nomad camp. For inspection, even close, they took a walkie-talkie with them - to report on the progress of the control and, if necessary, call for help or demand evacuation. Sand spreads towards the scouts, tossed up by the propeller of the helicopter's engines continuing to work. They were not jammed so as not to waste extra minutes on launching when leaving or "jumping" to help.
Kandahar special forces after a successful exit. In the desert, a caravan with raw materials for drugs was jammed, in which they took 1700 kg of "goods" and prisoners. The exit went without losses on its part. June 1987.
Having stopped the caravan with fire, the special forces blocked it in a lowland near the border and called in combat Mi-24s. On the spot, an air strike destroyed vehicles with ammunition. Kandahar province, 12 February 1988.
BTR-80 armored group of the 173rd oospn are preparing to leave. Winter 1988.
Special forces took prisoners. Many Afghans had no documents, and nomads often did not know about them. Having delivered them to the base, they were handed over to the local state security, which decided the fate of suspicious persons. Two big men, who inspired fear, have their hands tied.
Prisoners brought from a helicopter search. It was common for militants handed over to the Afghan authorities to pay off or be released "for lack of evidence" and soon found themselves in caravans and gangs again. In this case, the prisoners taken to the airfield or to the garrison of their unit were blindfolded so that they could not clearly see and remember the situation and forces.
Captured "spirit", taken in arms. A bandolier hangs around his neck, a paratrooper escort carries a selected rifle.
The famous "drill" is an English magazine rifle of the Lee-Enfield system, various models of which in large numbers came to Afghanistan in the 1920s and 1930s, becoming known by the name that has been entrenched in arms since the Anglobora War. With a caliber of 7.62 mm, a powerful cartridge and good ballistics made it a dangerous weapon with sniper characteristics. The aiming range of the "drill" reached 2500 m, and even a bulletproof vest did not save from a bullet.
Search of the caravan driver. Clothes of Afghans did not have pockets, everything they needed was carried in bags, and money and documents were usually hidden in a turban. An Afghan man sits on sacks of contraband hashish found in the cargo.
Disembarkation of the reconnaissance group on "Kalatka" - the road from Shahjay to Kalat. On a crowded road, there were often cars with smuggled goods, and many drivers, who changed the craft of a caravan for a driver's profession, earned money by delivering cargo to local gangs. Zabal province, late 1987.
Inspection of cars on the road near the Pakistani border. According to local custom, the men rode on the roof, and inside there were cattle and women. In addition to smuggling, weapons and ammunition, the forbidden property included uniforms, equipment and medicines necessary in military affairs.
The semi-cargo Toyota Simurg was often seen in caravans. A reliable, roomy and unpretentious car was a welcome trophy and was a success in Soviet units, where it received the nickname "Simurka". This car even managed to get the numbers of the military traffic police of the 40th Army.
The Dushman shooter is a tough fellow under two meters in height, taken prisoner during a search. The militant gave out a bruise on his right shoulder - the mark of the butt when recoil from a powerful "drill" or machine gun.
A Toyota pickup truck intercepted from the air in the middle of the desert. Afghans traveling about their business without any road, noticing the 205 ove helicopter, threw themselves out of the car and ran to the side, showing the absence of weapons and hostile intentions, and at the same time trying to stay away from the car in case of shooting.
RESULTS OF COMBAT PERFORMANCE OF THE 186th SPDF
So, during the capture of the Vasaticignai fortified area in the Kandahar province in March 1986, a group of special forces st. l-that Kravchenko was mistakenly landed directly on the anti-aircraft positions of the dushmans. Both of her helicopters were shot at point-blank range, but 12 paratroopers managed to gain a foothold and knocked out the enemy from a height, and then captured the neighboring one, ensuring the success of the operation. On March 20, 1986, during the assault on the base in the Hadegar gorge near Kandahar, large forces were involved - two battalions of the 70th ISBR, a howitzers division, two helicopter and two assault squadrons. Four groups of the 173rd oospn, 16 people each (each had an ATC-17 and two PCs), blocked the gorge from the surrounding mountains. They intercepted the retreating enemy, shot him with fire from ambushes and directed the aircraft. The whole operation took 4 hours, its result was 20 killed spooks and trophies without losses on their part.
For the most part, all the same, the detachments had to deal with "piece" tasks - hunting for caravans, for which the special forces worked out their methodology. According to the headquarters of the 40th Army, the spetsnaz soldiers were "real professionals with excellent physical and military training." It is curious that the special forces were more often selected by not tall and massive soldiers. According to the Chirchik battalion commander, Colonel Yu.M. Starova, "pitching" is better suited for a sports company. We have to carry on ourselves a mountain of all kinds of junk, weapons and supplies, and helicopters and armored personnel carriers are not rubber. We don't need gullivers, we need compact guys.
According to the experience of the Kandahar detachment, typical equipment for 3-4 days independent work was determined as follows: 2-3 sets of ammunition for personal weapons, 4 hand grenades (2 RGD-5 and 2 F-1), one RPG-18 grenade for two, two 200-g TNT bombs, 5 smoke bombs and 5 signal jet cartridges , 4 mines for an 82-mm mortar (if you took it with you) or a drum with a tape for ATS-17, food supply for 3-5 days, 2-3 flasks of water or tea, a raincoat and a blanket. The equipment varied according to the season and conditions - in winter and in the mountains, warm clothes, pea jackets and sleeping bags were added. Massive ATC-17, mortars and machine guns were dismantled into "lifting" parts of 15-20 kg. Sometimes in favor of ammunition, part of the food was sacrificed - as the same Starov taught, “if you have enough cartridges with you, you will always get food”. The general outfit of a fighter weighed, at best, and in the "summer" version, 35-40 kg, and the most necessary. The group preparing for the exit numbered from 10 to 25 people, and, in addition to the obligatory sniper, grenade launcher and signalman, could include grenade launchers from the ATC-17, an artillery spotter and an airborne operator, miners and flamethrowers from chemical troops units armed with RPO-A with volumetric explosion ammunition ...
Inspection of a cargo "Mercedes". The driver and the owners of the cargo at gunpoint await the results of the check. Bags and bales were pierced with a probe and monitored by mine detectors, looking for weapons and ammunition - the main purpose of the search. Paktika province, winter 1988.
There were no inspections at night - the caravan creeping in the dark was clearly not carrying raisins or nuts. The fate of those who left for the ambush was decided unequivocally: by fire to kill. In the photo - "Simurg", seen at night on the road and blown up by a guided land mine. The driver and accompanying person were killed in the cockpit, and in the morning the car was finished off by helicopters. Registan, January 18, 1988.
The group was divided into capture, fire and cover links, the actions of which were coordinated and worked out in advance, clarifying the balance of forces and mutual support on the spot. The basis were troikas, the seniority in which was not always assigned by rank, but by experience and subordination to a knowledgeable sergeant, a young officer could well have fallen into.
Exit to the ambush site, where a caravan or gang was expected, remained the most difficult part of the plan. Not only the success, but also the fate of the group depended on his secrecy. In places where the appearance of any stranger became noticeable, nomads, shepherds and local residents could give an ambush, the situation was monitored by dushman posts, immediately reporting the danger by radio, signal fires and mirror "bunnies".
Inspection of the caravan in the desert. The riders at gunpoint herd the camels together and lay them on the ground to check the packs. Covering helicopters continue to circle nearby, ready to stop the attempts of the caravan to scatter or to support the scouts with fire when they resist. In this caravan, 15 prisoners were taken, suspected of being sent from a foreign training camp to one of the local gangs. Kandahar province, 12 February 1988.
At the site of a pack caravan destroyed in the desert. The ambush was organized on April 3, 1988 by a group of "Malysh" - Lieutenant Igor Vesnin from the 173rd oospn. By the spring of this year, his combat work was awarded the Orders of the Red Star and the Red Banner.
Soldiers of the 370th at the burned-out Toyota caravan. In the bodies - ammunition and Yamaha motorcycles, at the door - the body of a burned-out driver. Helmand Province, 1987
After a night ambush near Shahdzhoy. The surviving pickup truck with cargo and the caravaneers who did not have time to scatter, mowed down in a fleeting battle.
The machine-gunner tries on shooting, getting used to the SPS - a small-machine gun structure. The SPS was built from stones collected by a number of and provided protection from small arms fire. Due to the speed of preparation and the abundance of building materials around, the location of the reconnaissance group or the ambush site were equipped with several SPS, which made it possible to transfer fire in different directions. In the cells ahead of time, grenades and a stock of cartridges could be packed.
A large caravan with camels carrying weapons and ammunition. About a hundred Chinese rockets were found in the packs of killed animals.
The cargo taken in battle, which there was nothing to take out, was doused with diesel fuel and burned on the spot.
In the morning at the scene of the battle - a killed caravan man near the scattered sacks of drugs. They tried to prevent any of the drivers and those accompanying the cargo from leaving - if shooting in the mountains was common and hardly attracted attention, then the one who left could call for help and bring trouble.
Mi-8MT 335 OBVP removes the ambush of the Jalalaban special forces. Most of the scouts have the characteristic flat packs of the RD-54, some are ordinary backpacks with additional sewn-on pockets. The soldiers at the helicopter are carrying PTM-62 anti-vehicle mines. On the jumpsuit of the last one can see an impressive hole - the trail of the raid along the rocky mountains. Nangarhar, summer 1986.
Special forces soldiers at the headquarters of the 22nd Special Forces Brigade in Lashkar Gah before being sent home. All the property of the soldiers and sergeants who had served their time could fit into a “demobilized” diplomat, but on the chest almost everyone had not only the obligatory badges “From the grateful Afghan people”, but also the military orders of the Red Star.
Sergeant of the Kandahar detachment of the 173rd OOSP Andrei Goryachev before going into an ambush in the fall of 1987. Afghan clothing and a turban allowed the group's fighters to pass for one of the local gangs and use the advantage they had won. In the outfit - sneakers, a belt with pockets for shots to the underbarrel GP-25 and an unloading vest, in the pockets of which, in addition to automatic "horns", grenades and signal cartridges. Sergeant Goryachev died on October 24, 1987 from multiple wounds in a battle in the village of Kobay.
The most valuable trophies are rockets and the Stinger MANPADS, for the capture of which a presentation to the order was promised ahead of time.
THE RESULTS OF COMBAT PERFORMANCE OF THE 334th OOSPN
Trophies taken after the defeat of the Dushmansky warehouse: cartridges and weapons of various systems, including hunting rifles, several "Boers" of different models and years of production, self-loading carbine SKS and RPG, boxes with fuses, grenades, packaging of explosives, coils of incendiary and explosive cord, cartridge boxes for machine guns and mines in ribbed plastic cases that are not detected by mine detectors.
In order to "outplay" the enemy, deceptive maneuvers and landing methods were invented. At first, it was carried out, advancing on armored vehicles and trucks, sometimes accompanying the exit with the direction of false armored groups in other directions. Having reached the required area, the group dismounted and, faithful to the rule of "the scout's legs are fed," they marched aside at the fastest possible pace. The passage to the ambush site, which confused the tracks, took 10–20 km (and sometimes much more). They tried to complete it before sunrise, having managed to disguise themselves. The technique continued to move on, noise-distracting enemy observers, however, continuing to remain in the close area in order to support the fighters if necessary. Still, the waiting area had to be assigned no closer than 30-50 km so as not to frighten the caravan. In the ambush, they knew that, if something happened, help would not be able to arrive soon, and remained only with light weapons, counting on preparation, surprise and luck.
Having taken a position ("sitting on the trail"), the special forces tried not to give away the ambush place, avoiding movement and not lighting fire - at best, the enemy who discovered something was wrong blocked the route, waiting or changing the path of the caravan. At worst, noticing the group, the spooks pulled up their forces and tried to destroy it, having superiority both in numbers and in weapons. The danger of oncoming dushman ambushes could await the group even at the exit. In hostile territory, even with good organization and camouflage, the group, as a rule, remained unnoticed for no more than 2-3 days and, in the absence of results, they tried to remove the ambushes without waiting for the enemy's response.
A group of the Kabul 469th company of the Special Forces occupies positions at the stone ridge above the gorge at the mouth of the Panjshir. The blocking of the caravan route in the area flooded with dushmans required the concentration of fire resources. The group included flamethrowers with RPO-A "Bumblebee" rocket-propelled guns, whose volumetric explosion ammunition provided the detachment with firepower that was not inferior to the shells of heavy artillery. Anava District, September 1986
THE RESULTS OF COMBAT PERFORMANCE 1985–1988 370th OOSPN
Such an organization, reminiscent in miniature of combined arms operations with the exit of columns and the accompaniment of equipment and hostilities on the spot, quickly showed its shortcomings. The effectiveness of the special forces' actions depended, first of all, on secrecy and surprise, and the cumbersome and time-consuming landing of groups did not contribute to this. To a large extent, this was due to the low effectiveness of ambushes in the first year of combat operations of the Special Forces: during the winter of 1984/85, the OKSV forces conducted 1,460 ambushes, but the percentage of their success remained at the same low level.
Operations with the participation of helicopters that landed groups and remained ready to support them with air fire, and, if necessary, quickly evacuate, were more successful. Phase changes took place in March 1985, when the special forces were reorganized and significantly strengthened. While maintaining the 469th Kabul company of the Special Forces, the number of detachments was increased to eight, transferring an additional three from the Union and forming one more on the spot. In addition to the already existing special forces units in Kandahar, Jalalabad and Ghazni, the 334th oospn ("5th battalion"), 370th oospn ("6th battalion"), 186th oospn ("7th battalion ") and the 411th oospn (" 8th battalion ").
The 334th small detachment regiment was formed in the winter of 1985 on the basis of the 5th brigade from Maryina Gorka (BelVO) and replenished with personnel from the 2nd, 14th, 9th and 22nd brigade. After being transferred to Chirchik, he under his own power went to the place of deployment, arriving in Asadabad on March 29. The first commander of the detachment was Major V.Ya. Terentyev. The point of permanent deployment of the 334th small detachment regiment, already operating in the most difficult border area, was so close to the Pakistani border that practically next to the Kunar River there were militant bases, from where the garrison was constantly fired upon. The Kunar valley, which abounded with dushmans, soon confirmed its notoriety - a group of the first company of the 334th small infantry regiment, which was not fired at, went out to comb the Maravarskoye gorge, on April 21 came under fire from ambushes, was cut off from its own and almost completely died, the company commander, Captain N. N. Tsebruk, group commander Lieutenant N.A. Kuznetsov blew himself up with a grenade, and seven more surrounded soldiers did the same. The dead had to be carried out in battle, and in three days the detachment lost 29 people.
Soon after that, the commander was replaced - Major G.V. became him for two years. Bykov, who became famous as "Grigory Kunarsky".
370th oospn, formed on January 1, 1985 in Chuchkovo (MVO), under the command of Major I.M. Mole arrived at the base in Lashkargah (Helmand province) on March 21. On April 14, the 186th oospn, who arrived from Izyaslav (PrikVo), was stationed nearby in Shahdjoy. It was formed on the basis of the 8th brigade on the basis of the General Staff directive of January 6, 1985 for the same state No. 21/422. The formation of the "southern belt" by autumn was completed by the 411th oospn in Farah, organized on the basis of the 70th OOBR and the 5th Guards. mfd. The task of these detachments was to block the routes through the Khash and Registan deserts, where there were practically no outposts and garrisons.
Organizationally, the special forces were divided into two brigades - the 15th and 22nd brigades with headquarters in Jalalabad and Lashkargakh (better known as Lashkarevka). By the directive of the General Staff No. 314/2/0208, in April, they introduced the management and support units of the brigades. The 15th brigade included the 154th, 177th, 688th and 334th oospn, the 22nd brigade - the 173rd, 370th, 186th and 411th oospn (the latter was fully equipped for the winter of 1985).
Spetsnaz were recruited to work as "fire brigades" - carrying out special measures and operations in other areas. An-26 delivered the reconnaissance group of the 173rd oospn with equipment and weapons back to Kandahar after the operation.
The group leader leads the Afghan gunner to the helicopter. To remain unrecognized and to keep their cooperation with the Shuravi secret, the Afghans hid their faces under a turban, revealing it only in the helicopter cockpit.
At the headquarters of the Army, the general management of the special forces was carried out by the operational group "Ekran", which supplied the brigades with intelligence and coordinated their actions. Each of the battalions numbered about 500 people, and the entire spetsnaz forces were more than 4,000 fighters. Their level and correlation with combined-arms units is evidenced by the fact that, according to estimates of the Army command, up to 80 thousand people were required to complete the same tasks of closing the border with conventional forces. A belt along the Pakistani border and in the south was supposed to control an area of \u200b\u200balmost 1200 km.
The available data on the 186th detachment allow us to evaluate its combat work: by the end of 1985, in a little more than 200 days, its soldiers completed 202 combat exits and 45 sorties for inspection. The predominant were the actions of reconnaissance groups (200 exits) in ambushes and only twice were the forces of the entire detachment involved in raids on dushman bases. There were 36 effective ambushes (18%), in which 370 spooks, 34 cars and a lot of ammunition were destroyed, taking 15 prisoners and 98 weapons. The casualties were 12 killed, including two officers.
From the book of the Secret Service of the Third Reich: Book 1 author Chuev Sergey GennadievichAbwehr special forces Formation "Brandenburg-800" In 1939, in the town of Sliach (Czechoslovakia), the Abwehr-2 department formed a special-purpose company, which was later deployed to a battalion stationed in Brandenburg. Rota, and then
From the book Shot Intelligence author Antonov Vladimir SergeevichChapter VIII.
From the book Illegal Scouts of the USSR and Russia author Shvaryov Nikolay AlexandrovichSpecial-purpose intelligence officer Yu. I. Drozdov Yury Ivanovich Drozdov headed the most closed Foreign Intelligence Directorate for 12 years. Supervised the work of illegal immigrants. He was a resident in the United States and China. But before that he managed to live several more lives. Was the cousin of Dreaves of an illegal
From the book The Book of Anchors author Skryagin Lev Nikolaevich From the book Unknown Junkers author Antseliovich Leonid LipmanovichSingle-engine fighters made of metal Back in early 1917, when the assembly of the first copy of the J-4 armored attack aircraft was in full swing, Hugo Junkers often appeared in the shop in the evenings to personally supervise the process. This biplane with duralumin wings was
From the book Dzerzhinsky Division author Artyukhov EvgenyCommanders of the Separate Special Purpose Motorized Rifle Division - the Separate Operational Division 1953 - 1956 Alexander Dmitrievich EPANCHIN (1914-1991) was born in the village of Malye Alabukhi, Voronezh province, into a peasant family. After leaving school he worked in
author Yarkho Valery From the book Flagship of Attack Aviation author Donchenko SemyonSoldiers remember the days gone by ... Time ... Long ago it leveled the trenches and trenches, the smell of explosives disappeared, the earth washed by rains and dew freely breathes. She is silent under the wing of a clear blue sky. But one has only to see on it a chipped shard, a green sleeve - and a heart
author Vladinets Nikolay Ivanovich From the book Philatelic Geography. Soviet Union. author Vladinets Nikolay Ivanovich author Alekhin Roman Viktorovich From the book Airborne Forces. History of the Russian landing author Alekhin Roman Viktorovich From the book Russian Post author Vladinets Nikolay IvanovichSpecial-purpose stamps Issue of the authorized Narkomfin IO.-V. region RSFSR. On the initiative of Yu.-V. the commission to help the starving and with the permission of the Authorized People's Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR on April 19, 1922 in Rostov-on-Don, special tax stamps were issued
From the book Russian Post author Vladinets Nikolay IvanovichSpecial Purpose Stamps These stamps are not known to a wide circle of philatelists, but at one time their collection was widely developed. We are talking about stamps of the control collection for foreign philatelic exchange, issued in 1922-33. On the stamps of the RSFSR (No. 1,
From the book From the Varangians to India author Yarkho ValerySpecial purpose caravan In the second half of the 18th century, none of the highest dignitaries Russian Empire did not make grandiose plans to induce the rulers of Khiva and Bukhara to submit to allegiance, in order to use their obedience to blast those who were subject only to the Russians
54 ooSpN (Muslim battalion) was formed in May-June 1979 on the basis of 15obrSpN. When recruiting, only residents of Central Asia were selected. The first battalion commander is Major Khalbaev. In December of the same year, he was introduced to the DRA. In the operation to storm the Taj Bek Palace - Amin's residence - he performed the main tasks. In early January 1980, the detachment's personnel were withdrawn to the Union. In the same year, the detachment was again manned and introduced into the DRA, but until 1984 it guarded the pipeline. In 1984 the detachment was transferred to Jalalabad. From that moment on, he began to perform special tasks in his area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility. However, at first, the detachment was not successful in trying to use ambush tactics. Subsequently, the detachment developed tactics that are most effective in local conditions. The most commonly used squad tactic is raid. The battalion's leadership cooperated quite successfully with the counterintelligence agencies of the DRA (KHAD). The effectiveness of the raids carried out according to the information of the KhAD was quite high. In 1985, the detachment was awarded the pennant of the USSR Minister of Defense for success in combat activities. The last units of the detachment left the DRA in February 1989. The detachment remained in the 15th brigade.
In 1993, the brigade was transferred to the armed forces of Uzbekistan, and later was transformed into an airborne assault brigade.
*
VV Kolesnik spoke in some detail about how the operation to seize the Taj-Bek palace took place (see the first book "Special Forces of the GRU"). However, he was her leader and described events from his point of view. In order to make the picture more vivid, I wanted to find evidence of the direct participants in the assault.
And suddenly good luck! Evgeny Bogomolov sent me the text of an article from the Belarusian magazine "Army", where the commander of the company that directly stormed the palace tells about the operation "Storm-333". In addition, the editors of the "Brother" magazine allowed the book to use the memoirs of another participant of that famous assault. R. Tursunkulov also stormed the palace, but he walked from the other side, up the stairs.
The history of his family is a mirror image of the turbulent and difficult history of our country in this century. Before the revolution, his grandfather was a well-known and respected mullah in Uzbekistan who was subsequently repressed by the Bolsheviks. My father went through the whole of the Great Patriotic War, received seven wounds, remained alive and until his old age served in the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a simple foreman. To children, who, like in an ordinary Uzbek family, there were many - as many as eleven souls, he always strictly punished: no matter how difficult it was in life, rely only on yourself. His fate is a reflection of the history of the country, which he served with faith and truth for almost a quarter of a century. Today, he proudly calls everyone his name, in which one can hear an echo of that respected religious past - Rustamkhodzha. His friends and comrades in arms, with whom he more than once found himself in abrupt alterations, but with the same, as if given from above, luck he got out of them, still call him shortly and habitually - Rustam.
Places and time of deployment of special forces (1981-1989)
Directorate of the 15th separate special forces brigade (1st separate motorized rifle brigade - "Jalalabad")
Location: Jalalabad, Nangarhar province.
Time in Afghanistan: March 1985 - May 1988.
Directorate of the 22nd Separate Special Forces Brigade (2nd Separate Motorized Rifle Brigade - "Kandahar")
154th separate spetsnaz detachment ("Jalalabad") (1st separate motorized rifle battalion)
In pursuance of the General Staff Directive No. 314/2/0061 of April 26, 1979, the commander of Turkvo No. 21/00755 of May 4, 1979, a separate special forces detachment of 538 people was included in the staff of the 15th special unit. Directive of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces No. 4/372-NSh of October 21, 1981 - 154th ooSpN. The annual holiday was determined - April 26 by the Directive of the General Staff No. 314/2/0061.
Time in Afghanistan: November 1979 - May 1988.
Places of deployment: Bagram-Kabul, Akcha-Aybak, Jalalabad, Nangarhar province.
Commanders:
major Kholbaev Kh.T .;
major Kostenko;
major Stoderevsky I.Yu. (10.1981-10.1983);
major Oleksenko V.I. (10.1983–02.1984);
major V.P. Portnyagin (02.1984-10.1984);
captain, Major A.M. Dementyev (10.1984–08.1984);
captain Abzalimov R.K. (08.1985-10.1986);
major, Lieutenant Colonel V.P. Giluch (10.1986-11.1987);
major Vorobyov V.F. (11.1987–05.1988).
Unit structure:
detachment headquarters;
1st special-purpose company on BMP-1 (6 groups);
2nd special-purpose company on the BTR-60pb (6 groups);
3rd special-purpose company on BTR-60pb (6 groups);
The 4th heavy weapons company consisted of an AGS-17 platoon, an RPO "Lynx" platoon, and a sapper platoon;
communications platoon;
zSU platoon "Shilka" (4 "Shilki");
car platoon;
material support platoon.
177th separate special forces detachment ("gazni") (2nd separate motorized rifle battalion)
Formed in February 1980 from the troops of the Central Military District and the Moscow Military District in the city of Kapchagai.
Place of deployment: Ghazni, since May 1988 - Kabul.
Time spent in Afghanistan: September 1981 - February 1989.
Commanders:
captain, major Kerimbaev B.T. (10.1981-10.1983);
lieutenant Colonel V.V. Kvachkov (10.1983–02.1984);
lieutenant Colonel V.A. Gryaznov (02.1984–05.1984);
captain Kastykpayev B.M. (05.1984-11.1984);
major V.V. Yudaev (11.1984–07.1985);
major Popovich A.M. (07.1985-10.1986);
major, Lieutenant Colonel A.A. Blazhko (10.1986–02.1989).
173rd separate special forces detachment (3rd separate motorized rifle battalion - "Kandahar")
Location: Kandahar.
Time in Afghanistan: February 1984 - August 1986.
Commanders:
major Rudykh G.L. (02.1984–08.1984);
captain A.V. Syulgin (08.1984-11.1984);
captain, major Mursalov T.Ya. (11.1984-03.1986);
captain, Major Bohan S.K. (03.1986–06.1987);
major, Lieutenant Colonel V.A. Goratenkov (06.1987–06.1988);
captain Breslavsky S.V. (06.1988–08.1988).
Squad structure in March 1980:
squad management;
separate communication group;
anti-aircraft artillery group (four "Shilki");
1st reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);
2nd reconnaissance company on BMP-1 (9 BMP-1 and 1 BRM-1K);
3rd reconnaissance landing company on BMD-1 (10 BMD-1);
4th company AGS-17 (three fire platoons, three squads each - 18 AGS-17, 10 BTR-70);
5th company of special weapons (RPO "Rys" flamethrower group, mining group on the BTR-70);
6th company - transport.
Each of the combat (1-3rd) companies, in addition to the commander, political officer, deputy for technical affairs, senior mechanic, gunner-operator of the BRM, foreman and clerk, included three special-purpose groups.
The group consisted of three squads, each of which consisted of a squad leader, a senior scout, a driver-mechanic, a gunner-operator, a sniper, a reconnaissance orderly and two machine gunners.
668th separate spetsnaz detachment (4th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Barakinskiy")
The detachment was formed on August 21, 1984 in Kirovograd on the basis of the 9th special unit. September 15, 1984 transferred to the subordination of Turkwo and introduced to Afghanistan in n. the item Kalagulay. In March 1985 he became a member of the 15th special unit in the village of Soufla. The battle banner was awarded on March 28, 1987. Brought to the USSR on February 6, 1989.
Location: Souffla, Baraki County, Logar Province.
Time in Afghanistan: February 1985 - February 1989.
Commanders:
lieutenant Colonel Yurin I.S. (09.1984–08.1985);
lieutenant Colonel Ryzhik M.I. (08.1985-11.1985);
major Reznik E.A. (11.1985–08.1986);
major Udovichenko V.M. (08.1986–04.1987);
major A.V. Korchagin (04.1987–06.1988);
lieutenant Colonel V.A. Goratenkov (06.1988–02.1989).
334th separate special forces detachment (5th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Assadabad")
The detachment was formed from December 25, 1984 to January 8, 1985 in Maryina Gorka from the troops of the BVO, Far Eastern Military District, Lenvo, Prikvo, Savo; transferred to Turkvo on January 13, 1985. On March 11, 1985 transferred to the 40th Army.
Location: Asadabad, Kunar province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: February 1985 - May 1988.
Squad Leaders:
major Terentyev V.Ya. (03.1985–05.1985);
captain, major G.V. Bykov (05.1985–05.1987);
lieutenant Colonel A.B. Klochkov (05.1987-11.1987);
lieutenant Colonel V.P. Giluch (11.1987–05.1988).
370th separate special forces detachment (6th separate motorized rifle battalion - "lashkarevsky")
Location: Lashkargah, Helmand province.
Time in Afghanistan: February 1984 - August 1988.
Squad Leaders:
major Krot I.M. (03.1985–08.1986);
captain Fomin A.M. (08.1986–05.1987);
major V.V. Eremeev (05.1987–08.1988).
186th separate spetsnaz detachment (7th separate motorized rifle battalion - "shahjoysky")
Location: Shahjoy, Zabol province.
Time in Afghanistan: April 1985 - May 1988.
Squad Leaders:
lieutenant Colonel Fedorov K.K. (04.1985–05.1985);
captain, major Likhidchenko A.I. (05.1985-03.1986);
major, Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Nechitailo (03.1986–04.1988);
major, Lieutenant Colonel Borisov A.E. (04.1988–05.1988).
411th separate special forces detachment (8th separate motorized rifle battalion - "Farakh")
Location: Farah, Farah province.
Time spent in Afghanistan: December 1985 - August 1988.
Commanders:
captain Fomin A.G. (10.1985–08.1986);
major Krot I.M. (08.1986-12.1986);
major Yurchenko A.E. (12.1986–04.1987);
major Khudyakov A.N. (04.1987–08.1988).
459th separate spetsnaz company ("Kabul company")
She was stationed in Kabul.
Formed in December 1979 on the basis of a special forces training regiment in the city of Chirchik. Introduced to Afghanistan in February 1980.
During the hostilities, the personnel of the company took part in more than six hundred combat exits.
Withdrawn from Afghanistan in August 1988.
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A special period in the history of special forces lasted from 1979 and over the next 10 years. It was named Afghan according to the events taking place. This was already the third stage in the development of special forces. It started on May 2, 1979. It was on this day that General of the Army Ivashutin, who at that time held the post of chief of the GRU General Staff, set before Colonel Kolesnik the task of forming the OOSPN. It was the 154th separate special forces detachment, whose staff included military equipment, as well as soldiers and officers, numbering 520 people.
Composition of the 154th separate detachment
The detachment consisted of 4 companies, the first of which received the BMP-1. The second and third companies were equipped with the BTR-60PB, the production of which began in 1966. The fourth company was special. It consisted of a platoon AGS-17. It also included:
- platoon of jet infantry flamethrowers "Lynx",
- a platoon of sappers.
Thus, this company was called the arms company. In addition to them, the squad included platoons:
- ZSU "Shilka",
- automobile,
- communication,
- software.
Selection of fighters for the "Muslim battalion"
A feature, if not a strangeness, of this detachment was the principle by which officers, sergeants, and soldiers were selected for it. It consisted only of Tajiks, Turkmen, Uzbeks. This detachment was called the "Muslim battalion", since in the structure of the special forces the detachment corresponds in rank to the battalion of the ground forces.
The selection of the Muslim battalion fighters was carried out in a special way. Only conscripts who served for a year or six months got into it. A special physical training candidates for the squad. Tank and motorized rifle troops stationed in the Asian districts fell into the sphere of interests for recruiting into the detachment, since special knowledge was required to operate military equipment.
The officers of the 22nd and 15th brigades were involved in the work. Despite the fact that the selection was based on the principle of voluntariness, the detachment sometimes enrolled specialists who did not feel much desire for such a service. The detachment was formed in just a month and a half. In order for each company to have an interpreter, cadets from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages \u200b\u200bwere assigned to them. This service was equated to their professional internship.
There were no problems with language training with the above-described ethnic composition. Dari, Pashto or Farsi, i.e. the languages \u200b\u200bspoken in Afghanistan were spoken by about half of the detachment's personnel. At that time, only an anti-aircraft officer could not be connected, since there was no such officer among the Uzbeks, Tajiks and Turkmens.
For this position, they chose Captain Pautov, who had the appropriate training and dark hair, which made him look like the rest. The detachment (Muslim battalion) was led by Major Khalbaev. In the 15th brigade, he was listed as deputy commander of one of the special forces detachments, who was engaged in airborne training.
Legalization of the personnel of the Muslim battalion
The personnel of the Muslim battalion were legalized by issuing the relevant documents of the established form in the Afghan language. In Moscow, a special uniform was sewn for the personnel, corresponding to the uniform of the Afghan army. Even the names of the commandos were not changed, since they fully corresponded to the Afghan ones. In Afghanistan, to this day, many Uzbeks, Tajiks and even Turkmens live in the border regions.
The beginning of hostilities in Afghanistan
The detachment was transferred by air to Bagram at the end of November. Both the personnel and the detachment's property, including all the components of the software, up to firewood, were sent to the An-12. Heavy equipment was transferred to the An-22 Antey. In total, the operation took no more than a day.
Already at the beginning of the second decade of December, the detachment was assigned the task of arriving in Kabul on its own. The cover was the desire to strengthen the security of the Taj Bek palace, but in reality the palace was simply captured. The capture took place at the very end of December 79th. The detachment carried out the operation together with the KGB special forces.
Formation of separate special forces detachments to enter the territory of Afghanistan
Immediately after the New Year, the personnel of the special forces detachment were transferred by plane to Tashkent. There he was replenished with officers and personnel, as well as military equipment, in order to re-enter Afghanistan. In February 80th, the 459th was also introduced into the country. separate company special forces, which was formed in December 79th in Chirchik. The company was stationed in Kabul until mid-August 88th.
This company can be said to be indicative. It was she who, until the spring of 84, conducted hostilities using special special forces tactics. In the same 1984, the 173th detachment was introduced to Afghanistan. It was formed in the city of Lagodekhi, located on the territory of the Transcaucasian Military District, in 1980 on the basis of the 12th brigade. The detachment had a similar staff structure to the 154th.
Another ooSpN numbered 177 was formed from January 80 to October 81 on the basis of the 22nd brigade, which was located in the city of Kapchagai of the North Asian Military District. The detachment was introduced to Afghanistan immediately after the end of its formation. Despite special training, the 154th and 177th up to 84th were mainly engaged in the protection of the mountain pass and the pipeline.
Expansion and active use of special forces in Afghanistan
The command of the Armed Forces decided to start actively using special forces in Afghanistan in 1984. The catalyst for this decision was the active assistance received by the mujahideen from neighboring Iran and Pakistan. In addition, the Kabul company proved to be effective.
The 154th ooSpN was transferred to Jalalabad. Its tasks included the fight against the caravans of the rebels. Detachment 177 was transferred to Ghazni. By mid-February 84, the 173rd detachment was able to cross the border with Afghanistan in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Kushka, after which it arrived at Kandahar on its own.
The results of the combat activities of the special forces have clearly confirmed that the rate on the special forces was made correctly. In this regard, the fourth special forces detachment was formed in the Kirovograd brigade and arrived in the fall of 1984 in Bagram. He was transferred to the city of Baraki after a short preparation that lasted only a few months.
The fifth special forces detachment was formed in the city of Maryina Gorka, in Belarus. In the spring of 1985, he was introduced to Afghanistan. Behind him, a sixth detachment was formed in the Chuchkovsky brigade. The seventh ooSpN, formed in the city of Izyaslavl in the Carpathian Military District, was not long in coming. In addition, the headquarters of the 15th and 22nd brigades were brought into Afghanistan.
In total, there were:
- 15 ooSpN with headquarters in Jalalabad,
- 154 detachment, stationed there,
- Detachment 173 stationed in Kandahar
- 177th - in Ghazni,
- 4th - to Baraki,
- 5-1 in Asadobad,
- 7th - in Shahjoy,
- The 22nd brigade, its headquarters and the 6th detachment are in Lashkargah.
On the territory of Afghanistan itself, in 85th, the 8th detachment was formed, which was located in Farahrud and was part of the 22nd brigade. Since the actions of the special forces and everything historical factsthose associated with them were kept secret, at that time they called all special forces units separate motorized rifle battalions, which were assigned a special numbering:
- First Jalalabad,
- Second Ghaznian,
- Third Kandahar and so on in accordance with the deployment.
The historical withdrawal of 22 special forces from Afghanistan occurred in August 1988, and the last units from the 15th brigade were withdrawn from the country on February 15, 1989, a memorable one for all. They covered the columns of the 40th Army in the rearguard. With this the Afghan period, which lasted 10 difficult and very long years, ended.