Tyutchev's poetry is a reflection of his inner life, his thoughts and feelings. All this created artistic image and acquired a philosophical understanding.
It is not for nothing that Tyutchev is called the singer of nature. The beauty of Russian nature from a young age entered the poet's heart. True, Tyutchev wrote his first poems about nature in Germany. There his "Spring Thunderstorm" was born. Every time, arriving in his native place, the poet presents us with beautiful poems about his homeland, creating a whole cycle of pictures of nature. This was also his poem "The Enchantress Winter ..." And although everything around was covered with fluffy snow, there was an eerie silence, not a shadow of despondency is heard in the verse. Even in the stormy time of autumn, despite the slough of washed out Bryansk roads, the inconvenience at inns, dirt, bugs and flies, Tyutchev's soul thaws at the sight of his native places. There is a need for a pencil and paper in order to express the feelings that overwhelmed the soul in poetic lines. So one day it happened on the way to Moscow:
Is in the autumn of the initial
A short and wondrous time -
The whole day is like crystal,
And the evenings are radiant ... "
The older the poet became, the more depth and philosophicality his works about his native land acquired. Here both the deification of nature and the desire to more accurately unravel its secrets.
In his poems, which glorified pictures and natural phenomena, there is no ordinary admiration. Nature makes the poet think about the mysteries of the universe, about the issues of human existence.
The idea of \u200b\u200bmerging nature and man in Tyutchev's lyrics is developed in two directions. He talks about the final merging of a person with chaos and joining him at night during sleep. This kind of fusion is scary, since it brings with it the loss of the bodily and conscious beginnings. The merging of man with the nature of mother earth takes on a different character. The poet develops the idea of \u200b\u200ba beneficial introduction to her bright, harmonious, beautiful life in many poems: "The East turned white, the boat was rolling ...", "There is no addiction to you ...", "In the stuffy air of silence ..."
They express the experience of the happiness of the serene unity of a person with her bright spring world. In other verses of the spring cycle - "The sight of the earth is still sad", "Spring" - bliss, the relationship of man with nature and entry into her kingdom are shown.
For Tyutchev, material nature is a mother for a person, and chaos is native. The unity of man with nature brings happiness, spiritual merging with destructive chaos is tragic. But in Tyutchev's poems there is not only a fusion of man with nature, but also discord with it. "There is singing in the waves of the sea ..." - the poet speaks of the discord between man and nature, which is unnatural. The discord is explained as something incomprehensible, inexplicable. The reason for the discord lies in the person himself. It is not she who rejects him, but he himself, immersed in "evil" passions, is unable to accept her harmonious and blessed world. Unity with her is presented as not an instantaneous state, but a longer one. Fusion and discord replace each other. After storms and thunderstorms comes "calm", illuminated by the sunshine and shaded by a rainbow. A storm and thunderstorms shake the inner life of a person, fill a person's soul with various feelings, but sometimes they leave behind pain and emptiness.
For Tyutchev, nature is the same living being as a person:
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has language.
Nature expresses thoughts, feelings, mood of a person, and sometimes a conflict, a struggle between good and evil:
How can the heart express itself?
How can another understand you?
Will he understand how you live?
The poet believes that it is impossible to comprehend the secrets of nature, you can only approach them, admire nature:
Like the ocean embraces the globe,
Earthly life is all around us;
Night will come - and sonorous waves
The element hits its shore.
Man seeks to merge with nature, tries to feel himself as a part of it. But there is also a tragic difference between nature and man. Nature is eternal, unchanging. Man passes, nature remains ...
The main features of the poet's lyrics are the identity of phenomena outside world and the states of the human soul, the universal spirituality of nature. This determined not only the philosophical content, but also the artistic features of Tyutchev's poetry. Attracting images of nature for comparison with various periods of human life is one of the main artistic techniques in the poet's poems. Tyutchev's favorite technique is personification ("the shadows are mixed", "the sound has fallen asleep"). L. Ya. Ginzburg wrote: "The details of the picture of nature drawn by the poet are not descriptive details of the landscape, but philosophical symbols of the unity and animation of nature."
Landscape lyrics Tyutchev will be more accurately called landscape-philosophical. The image of nature and the thought of nature are fused together in it. Nature, according to Tyutchev, led a more "honest" life before and without man than after man appears in it.
Greatness, splendor is discovered by the poet in the world around him, in the world of nature. She is spiritualized, personifies the very "living life for which man yearns": "Not what you think, nature, // Not a cast, not a soulless face, // There is a soul in it, there is freedom in it, // In it has love, it has a language ... "Nature in Tyutchev's lyrics has two faces - chaotic and harmonious, and it depends on a person whether he is able to hear, see and understand this world. Striving for harmony, the human soul turns as to salvation, to nature as to God's creation, for it is eternal, natural, full of spirituality.
The world of nature for Tyutchev is a living being endowed with a soul. The night wind "in a language understandable to the heart" repeats to the poet about "incomprehensible torment"; the poet has access to the "melodiousness of sea waves" and the harmony of "spontaneous disputes". But where is the benefit? In the harmony of nature or in the chaos beneath it? Tyutchev did not find the answer. His "prophetic soul" was always beating "on the threshold of a kind of double existence."
The poet strives for integrity, for unity between the natural world and the human "I". "Everything is in me - and I am in everything" - the poet exclaims. Tyutchev, like Goethe, was one of the first to raise the banner of the struggle for a holistic sense of peace. Rationalism has reduced nature to a dead beginning. Mystery has disappeared from nature, the feeling of kinship between man and elemental forces has gone from the world. Tyutchev passionately wanted to merge with nature.
And when the poet manages to understand the language of nature, her soul, he achieves a feeling of connection with the whole world: "Everything is in me - and I am in everything."
For a poet, in depicting nature, the splendor of southern colors, the magic of mountain ranges, and the "sad places" of central Russia are attractive. But the poet is especially addicted to the water element. Almost a third of the poems are about water, sea, ocean, fountain, rain, thunderstorm, fog, rainbow. Restlessness, the movement of water jets is akin to the nature of the human soul, living with strong passions, overwhelmed by high thoughts:
How good you are, oh night sea, -
It is radiant here, it is gray-dark ...
In the moonlight, as if alive
It walks and breathes, and it shines ...
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All, as in a dream, I stand lost -
Oh, how gladly in their charm
I would drown my soul all ...
("How nice you are, oh night sea ...")
Admiring the sea, admiring its splendor, the author emphasizes the proximity of the elemental life of the sea and the incomprehensible depths of the human soul. Comparison "as in a dream" conveys man's admiration for the greatness of nature, life, eternity.
Nature and man live according to the same laws. With the extinction of the life of nature, the life of man also fades away. The poem "Autumn Evening" depicts not only "the evening of the year", but also the "meek", and therefore "bright" decay of human life:
... and on everything
That gentle smile of fading
That in a rational being we call
The divine bashfulness of suffering!
("Autumn evening")
The poet says:
There is in the lightness of autumn evenings
Sweet, mysterious beauty ...
("Autumn evening")
The "lightness" of the evening gradually, passing into twilight, into the night, dissolves the world in darkness, into which it disappears from the visual perception of a person:
The gray shadows blended
The color faded ...
("The gray shadows blended ...")
But life did not stop, but only lurked, dozed off. Dusk, shadows, silence are the conditions in which the spiritual forces of a person awaken. Man remains alone with the whole world, absorbs it into himself, merges with it himself. The moment of unity with the life of nature, dissolution in it is the highest bliss available to man on earth.
Lyrics Tyutchev occupies a special place in Russian poetry. In Tyutchev's fresh and exciting poems, the beauty of poetic images is combined with the depth of thought and the sharpness of philosophical generalizations. His lyrics are a small particle of a large whole, but this small is perceived not separately, but as being in interconnection with the whole world and at the same time carrying an independent idea.
A special place in the poet's poetry is occupied by the theme of man and nature, often moreover, the contradictory unity of man and nature. Pisarev noted: "Tyutchev entered the reader's mind primarily as a singer of nature ..."
Tyutchev revives certain features of the ancient perception of the world, and at the same time, an independent personality appears in his position, which in itself is the whole world... Tyutchev affirms in his lyrics the image of a person worthy of the Universe. He affirms the potential divinity of the human person.
Tyutchev's nature is poetic and spiritualized. She is alive, she can feel, rejoice and be sad:
The sun is shining, the waters are shining, There is a smile in everything, life is in everything, Trees tremble joyfully, Bathing in the blue sky.
Spiritualization of nature, endowing it with human feelings, spirituality gives rise to the perception of nature as a huge human being. This is especially dazzlingly manifested in the poem "Summer Evening". The poet associates sunset with a "hot ball" that the earth rolled from its head; Tyutchev's "bright stars" raise the firmament:
And a sweet thrill like a jet
I ran through the veins of nature,
Like a hot leg
We touched spring waters.
The poem "Autumn Evening" is similar in theme. In it one can hear the same spirituality of nature, its perception in the form of a living organism:
There is a sweet, mysterious charm in the lightness of autumn evenings: Ominous shine and diversity of trees, Crimson leaves languid, light rustle ...
The picture of an autumn evening is full of lively, quivering breath. Evening nature not only in some individual signs resembles a living creature: "... in everything that meek smile of fading, which in a rational being we call the divine bashfulness of suffering", it is all alive and humanized. That is why the rustle of leaves is light and languid, the lightness of the evening is full of inexplicable attractive charm, and the soil is not only dull, but also humanly orphaned.
Depicting nature as a living being, Tyutchev endows it not only with a variety of colors, but also with movement. The poet draws not just any state of nature, but shows it in a variety of shades and states. This is what can be called being, the being of nature. In the poem "Yesterday" Tyutchev depicts a sunbeam. We not only see the movement of the beam, how it gradually made its way into the room, "grabbed the blanket," "climbed onto the bed," but we also feel its touch.
The living wealth of Tyutchev's nature is limited. Yes, nature is alive, sublime, but in the distance not all object-living touches the poet. The prosaic guise of poetry, its routine and objective simplicity are alien to him. Tyutchev's nature is universal, it manifests itself not only on earth, but also through space. In the poem "Morning in the mountains", the beginning reads simply as a landscape sketch:
Heavenly azure laughs, Night washed by a thunderstorm, And between the mountains, the valley winds with a light strip.
Only the highest mountains up to half are covered with Mists, the slope, As if airy ruins Magic created chambers. Tyutchev constantly strives upward, as if in order to know eternity, to join the beauty of unearthly revelation: "And there, in solemn peace, exposed in the morning, the White Mountain shines like an unearthly revelation." Perhaps that is why Tyutchev's symbol of purity and truth is the sky. In the poem "The feast is over, the choirs are silent ..." first, a generalized image of the world is given:
The feast is over, we got up late - The stars in the sky were shining, The night had reached half ...
The second part lifts the curtain, as it were. The sky theme, only slightly outlined at first, now sounds strong and confident:
As over a restless hail,
Over palaces, over houses
Noisy street traffic
With dim lighting
And sleepless crowds, -
As over this child of the day,
In the high lofty limit
The stars were bright,
Answering mortal gazes
Immaculate rays ...
One of the main themes of Tyutchev's lyric poetry is the theme of the night. Many of Tyutchev's poems are devoted to nature, not just at different times of the year, but at different times of the day, in particular at night. Here nature carries a philosophical meaning. It helps to penetrate into the "secret secret" of a person. Tyutchev's night is not just beautiful, its beauty is majestic:
But the day fades - night has come; She came - and from the fatal world The fabric of the blessed cover, Tearing it off, throws it away ... And the abyss is bared to us With its fears and haze, And there are no barriers between her and us - That's why the night is terrible for us!
The night for Tyutchev is first of all a holy night: "The holy night has risen into the sky ..." There are so many secrets and mysteries in it:
A veil has descended on the daytime world;
The movement was exhausted, the work fell asleep ...
Over the sleeping hail, as in the tops of the forest,
A wonderful nightly noise woke up ...
Where is he from, this incomprehensible noise? ..
Or mortal thoughts, released by sleep,
The world is incorporeal, audible, but invisible, T
Is it swarming in the night chaos? ..
Tyutchev's skill is amazing. He knows how to find in the most ordinary natural phenomena what serves as the most accurate mirror image of beauty, and describe it in simple language:
Was pouring warm, summer rain - his jets
The leaves sounded merrily ...
Tyutchev's poetry can be sublime and earthly, joyful and sad, active and cosmically cold, but constantly unique, one that cannot be forgotten if you touch its beauty at least once. "Those who do not feel him do not think about Tyutchev, thereby proving that he does not feel poetry." These words of Turgenev perfectly show the magnificence of Tyutchev's poetry.
“Not what you think, nature:
Not a cast, not a soulless face -
She has a soul, she has freedom,
It has love, it has a language ... "
Song to nature
Tyutchev is a Russian poet who glorified in his work the image of nature as a living being endowed with human qualities and feelings. The unity of man and nature, indissoluble integrity and submission to the divine being, can be traced in all the poet's work. His world is a single whole, combining human being and the being of nature. "Autumn evening", described by the poet in the poem of the same name, is full of inexplicable attractive charm, quivering breath, and humanly orphaned sadness: "... on all that meek smile of fading, which in a rational being we call the divine bashfulness of suffering."
The nature presented in Tyutchev's lyrics is multifaceted and varied, in constant motion and change of phenomena. With this, the author additionally emphasizes the process inherent in all living things - the course of life. "The gray shadows changed, the color faded, the sound fell asleep - life, movement resolved into a shaky dusk, into a distant roar ...". And the sunbeam described in the poem "Yesterday" is so brightly and colorfully described in its movement that it seems you can feel its touch: "grabbed the blanket", "climbed onto the bed." All the pictures of the life of nature, depicted by the poet, are completely real and vital, presented in ease, written in ordinary simple words.
Nature in Tyutchev's work is a kind of connecting person with the divine essence. This directs the poet's gaze upward, to the secrets of the mountain peaks, and then further into the cosmic abyss. He is attracted there by the hope of gaining an understanding of the essence of life, he carries him along in his poems, presenting first the image of mountains, then clouds and then the knowledge of the revelation of the sacrament of eternity: "and there, in solemn peace, exposed in the morning, a white mountain shines like an unearthly revelation." ... It is the sky that is presented in his poems, as a symbol of purity and truth, where “pure stars burned, responding to mortal gaze with immaculate rays ...” The ellipsis used here by the poet calls for thinking deeper over what has been said, making efforts and finding the deep essence of words.
The theme of the night is one of the most important topics in the description of nature in the lyrics of Tyutchev. It is filled with philosophical meaning, helps to penetrate into the "secret secret" of human essence. Here the description of nature is filled with extraordinary beauty and majesty. The poet portrays her pure and holy: "the holy night has risen into the sky ...". It is full of invisible secrets and mysteries incomprehensible to a mortal person. “A curtain descended on the daytime world, movement exhausted, labor fell asleep ... Above the sleeping hail, as in the tops of a forest, a wonderful nightly rumble awoke ... Where is it from, this incomprehensible rumble? ... Or mortal thoughts, freed by sleep, the world is bodiless, audible and invisible , now swarming in the chaos of the night? "
In his work, a separate place is given to the description of the night. He tried to find the truth of being, and perhaps he came into contact with it and in his poems showed ways and reflections so that a person thinks not only about earthly concerns, but also opens his spiritual eyes to see something more, pure, eternal and present. The poet sees the human problems that a person has shrouded his eyes with as something secondary and completely meaningless. And nature "in turn all its children, performing their useless feat, it equally welcomes its all-consuming and peaceful abyss."
Tyutchev very skillfully conveys through the description of nature the depth of his experiences, his mood and feelings. He very subtly feels nature, knows its character and knows how to choose the words that most vividly convey the meaning that the author puts into them. Most of all, the poet worries about the isolation of man from the integrity of the world, from the divine principle, the withdrawal into vanity and meaninglessness in comparison with the majesty of her being. "And before her we are vaguely aware of ourselves - only a dream of nature."
Tyutchev lived a life entirely devoted to the knowledge of himself, human existence, nature and an invisible thread that connects everything into a single whole. His poetry is multifaceted and varied, sublime and mysterious, tender earthly and cosmically cold, but always unique and beautiful, enticing with the bright colors of its amazing life.
Nature and man in the lyrics of F.I. Tyutchev
The main features of the poet's lyrics are the identity of the phenomena of the external world and the states of the human soul, the general spirituality of nature. This determined not only the philosophical content, but also the artistic features of Tyutchev's poetry. Attracting images of nature for comparison with various periods of human life is one of the main artistic techniques in the poet's poems. Tyutchev's favorite technique is personification ("the shadows are mixed", "the sound has fallen asleep"). L. Ya. Ginzburg wrote: "The details of the picture of nature drawn by the poet are not descriptive details of the landscape, but philosophical symbols of the unity and animation of nature."
Tyutchev's landscape lyrics will be more accurately called landscape-philosophical. The image of nature and the thought of nature are fused together in it. Nature, according to Tyutchev, led a more "honest" life before and without man than after man appears in it.
Greatness, splendor is discovered by the poet in the world around him, in the world of nature. She is spiritualized, personifies the very "living life for which man yearns": "Not what you think, nature, // Not a cast, not a soulless face, // There is a soul in it, there is freedom in it, // In it has love, it has a language ... "Nature in Tyutchev's lyrics has two faces - chaotic and harmonious, and it depends on a person whether he is able to hear, see and understand this world. Striving for harmony, the human soul turns as to salvation, to nature as to God's creation, for it is eternal, natural, full of spirituality.
The world of nature for Tyutchev is a living being endowed with a soul. The night wind "in a language understandable to the heart" repeats to the poet about "incomprehensible torment"; the poet has access to the "melodiousness of sea waves" and the harmony of "spontaneous disputes". But where is the benefit? In the harmony of nature or in the chaos beneath it? Tyutchev did not find the answer. His "prophetic soul" was always beating "on the threshold of a kind of double existence."
The poet strives for integrity, for unity between the natural world and the human "I". "Everything is in me - and I am in everything" - the poet exclaims. Tyutchev, like Goethe, was one of the first to raise the banner of the struggle for a holistic sense of peace. Rationalism has reduced nature to a dead beginning. Mystery has disappeared from nature, the feeling of kinship between man and elemental forces has gone from the world. Tyutchev passionately wanted to merge with nature.
And when the poet manages to understand the language of nature, her soul, he achieves a feeling of connection with the whole world: "Everything is in me - and I am in everything."
For a poet, in depicting nature, the splendor of southern colors, the magic of mountain ranges, and the "sad places" of central Russia are attractive. But the poet is especially addicted to the water element. Almost a third of the poems are about water, sea, ocean, fountain, rain, thunderstorm, fog, rainbow. Restlessness, the movement of water jets is akin to the nature of the human soul, living with strong passions, overwhelmed by high thoughts:
How good you are, oh night sea, -
It is radiant here, it is gray-dark ...
In the moonlight, as if alive
It walks and breathes, and it shines ...
In this excitement, in this radiance,
All, as in a dream, I stand lost -
Oh, how gladly in their charm
I would drown my soul all ...
("How nice you are, oh night sea ...")
Admiring the sea, admiring its splendor, the author emphasizes the proximity of the elemental life of the sea and the incomprehensible depths of the human soul. Comparison "as in a dream" conveys man's admiration for the greatness of nature, life, eternity.
Nature and man live according to the same laws. With the extinction of the life of nature, the life of man also fades away. The poem "Autumn Evening" depicts not only "the evening of the year", but also the "meek", and therefore "bright" decay of human life:
... and on everything
That gentle smile of fading
That in a rational being we call
The divine bashfulness of suffering!
("Autumn evening")
The poet says:
There is in the lightness of autumn evenings
Sweet, mysterious beauty ...
("Autumn evening")
The "lightness" of the evening gradually, passing into twilight, into the night, dissolves the world in darkness, into which it disappears from the visual perception of a person:
The gray shadows blended
The color faded ...
("The gray shadows blended ...")
But life did not stop, but only lurked, dozed off. Dusk, shadows, silence are the conditions in which the spiritual forces of a person awaken. Man remains alone with the whole world, absorbs it into himself, merges with it himself. The moment of unity with the life of nature, dissolution in it is the highest bliss available to man on earth.