You were harsh in your youth. Nikolay Nekrasov - In Memory of Dobrolyubov: Verse

In 1864 Nikolai Nekrasov wrote his famous dedication poem "To the Memory of Dobrolyubov", in which he not only appreciated the work of this outstanding literary critic, but also revealed his spiritual qualities. “You were harsh, in your youth you knew how to subjugate the mind to passions” - it is with these lines that the poem begins and immediately draws the image of a mature and wise person to the readers. For those who do not know anything about Dobrolyubov, it is very difficult to imagine that as a literary critic he became famous at the age of 22, becoming a threat to poets and writers, towards whose work he was not prejudiced and fairly objectively. Therefore, Nekrasov notes that Dobrolyubov taught people to live not for glory, but for freedom, but "you taught more how to die." This phrase contains a truly philosophical meaning, which sheds light on the work of Dobrolyubov. The theme of death in his works was as natural as the theme of the beggarly existence of the peasants. And the young literary critic urged people not to waste their lives in vain, believing that it is better to die defending their interests than to die of old age and disease, knowing that the next generation will have to go through the same path, devoid of joy and hope.

"In memory of Dobrolyubov" Nikolay Nekrasov

You were severe, you were young
He knew how to subordinate passion to reason.
You taught to live for glory, for freedom,
But you taught me more to die.

Consciously worldly delights
You rejected, you kept purity,
Thou hast not given satisfaction to the thirst of the heart;
As a woman, you loved your homeland,
Your works, hopes, thoughts

You gave it to her; you honest hearts
Conquered her. Calling out to new life,
And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown
You cooked your harsh mistress

But too soon your hour has struck
And the prophetic feather fell from his hands.
What a lamp of reason has gone out!
What a heart has stopped beating!

The years have passed, the passions have subsided,
And you ascended high above us ...
Cry, Russian land! but also be proud -
Ever since you've been standing under heaven

You did not give birth to such a son
And she did not take her back into the depths:
Treasures of Soul Beauty
They were combined in it graciously ...
Mother Nature! when would such people
Sometimes you didn't send to the world
The field of life has died out ...

Yakov Smolensky
Date of birth: February 28, 1920 - March 09, 1995
People's Artist of the RSFSR (1988).
Actor, reader, professor, full member of the Academy humanities... An interuniversity reading competition at the Shchukin Theater School was named after him, participation in which opened the way to the theatrical world for many aspiring talented artists. After leaving school, he entered the philological faculty of Leningrad State University, which he did not have a chance to graduate - the Great Patriotic War... From the third year, Smolensky volunteered for the front, was seriously wounded, then - a hospital, blockade, evacuation in Omsk, where the Vakhtangov Theater was located at that time. There he entered the Shchukin School, after which he became an actor in the Yevgeny Vakhtangov Theater, where he worked for more than 10 years. It was then that Yakov Mikhailovich began performing on the literary stage. 50 years of work in the Moscow State Philharmonic Society have presented a great variety of programs by Yakov Smolensky to lovers of reading art.

You were severe, you were young
He knew how to subordinate passion to reason.
You taught to live for glory, for freedom,
But you taught me more to die.

Consciously worldly delights
You rejected, you kept the purity,
Thou hast not given satisfaction to the thirst of the heart;
As a woman, you loved your homeland,
Your works, hopes, thoughts

You gave it to her; you are honest hearts
Conquered her. Appealing to a new life
And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown
You cooked your harsh mistress

But too soon your hour has struck
And the prophetic feather fell from his hands.
What a lamp of reason has gone out!
What a heart has stopped beating!

The years have passed, the passions have subsided,
And you ascended high above us ...
Cry, Russian land! but also be proud -
Ever since you've been standing under heaven

You did not give birth to such a son
And she did not take her back into the depths:
Treasures of Soul Beauty
They were combined in it graciously ...

Mother Nature! when would such people
Sometimes you didn't send to the world
The field of life has died out ...

Analysis of Nekrasov's poem "In memory of Dobrolyubov"

Fate brought Nekrasov together with the literary critic, poet-satirist and publicist Nikolai Dobrolyubov in 1858. The young man, distinguished for his outstanding literary abilities and advanced judgments, came to work for the Sovremennik magazine, one of the co-owners of which was Nikolai Nekrasov.

According to the recollections of eyewitnesses, there was no close friendship between the writers due to the huge age difference, however, Nekrasov always read Dobrolyubov's articles with pleasure, admiring his courage, peremptory and harshness with which the author often attacked careless writers. At the same time, Nikolai Dobrolyubov had an undeniable gift for truly talented poets and writers. He analyzed their works with great care, and in his reviews he tried to explain to readers why, for example, Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" should be regarded as an example of revolutionary drama, and Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" is a symbol of the era of the lazy, illiterate and useless not aspiring people.

Nikolai Dobrolyubov died in 1861 from consumption. He was only 25 years old. However, after his death, Nikolai Nekrasov fully realized what a loss Russian literature suffered, having lost a man who knew how to simple and accessible language explain to readers which works really deserve their attention and which ones do not.

In 1864 Nikolai Nekrasov wrote his famous dedication poem "To the Memory of Dobrolyubov", in which he not only appreciated the work of this outstanding literary critic, but also revealed his spiritual qualities. “You were harsh, in your youth you knew how to subjugate the mind to passions” - it is with these lines that the poem begins and immediately draws the image of a mature and wise man before the readers. For those who do not know anything about Dobrolyubov, it is very difficult to imagine that as a literary critic he became famous at the age of 22, becoming a threat to poets and writers, towards whose work he was not prejudiced and fairly objectively. Therefore, Nekrasov notes that Dobrolyubov taught people to live not for glory, but for freedom, but "you taught more how to die." This phrase contains a truly philosophical meaning, which sheds light on the work of Dobrolyubov. The theme of death in his works was as natural as the theme of the beggarly existence of the peasants. And the young literary critic urged people not to waste their lives in vain, believing that it is better to die defending their interests than to die of old age and disease, knowing that the next generation will have to follow the same path, devoid of joy and hope.

Addressing Dobrolyubov, Nekrasov notes that "as a woman, you loved your homeland," giving her your best years life, conquering her with his works and "invoking a new life." The author considers Russia in relation to Dobrolyubov a "harsh mistress" who too late appreciated all the gifts that the young publicist presented to her. Perhaps, if not for a fatal illness, Dobrolyubov would have been able to change with his works public opinion and lay a powerful foundation for a new social order. However, this did not happen, although Nekrasov himself does not deny that in many respects it is to Dobrolyubov's work that Russia owes the abolition of serfdom.

“The years have passed, the passions have subsided, and you have risen high above us ...”, the poet notes, stressing that since its existence the Russian land “has not given birth to such a son”. At the same time, Nekrasov is convinced that "the treasures of spiritual beauty were combined in him graciously," focusing the readers' attention on the fact that Dobrolyubov lived and worked not for fame and money, but in the name of Russia, which he wanted to change. And if such selfless and patriotic people had not been born on Russian soil at least occasionally, then, in the author's opinion, "the field of life would have died out."

The work of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is permeated with the suffering of the common working people, but there is also a place in it for works dedicated to talented people. Among them, the poem "In Memory of Dobrolyubov", dedicated to the famous literary critic, stands out. We offer a brief analysis of the "Memory of Dobrolyubov" according to the plan, with the help of which you can prepare for a lesson in literature in grade 10.

Brief analysis

History of creation - The poem was written in 1864 and is dedicated to Nikolai Dobrolyubov.

Poem theme - The value of Dobrolyubov's work and his personality in Russian literature.

Composition- The composition is based on the antithesis "life - death".

Genre- Epitaph.

Poetic size - iambic pentameter with cross rhyme.

Metaphors- « the lamp of reason ”,“ prophetic feather ”.

Epithets – « severe ”,“ light ”,“ prophetic ”.

Comparisons – « as a woman, you loved your homeland. "

History of creation

Nekrasov, being one of the owners of the Sovremennik magazine, met the literary critic and publicist Nikolai Dobrolyubov when he got a job at a popular magazine.

The young writer, despite his young age, had an amazing gift to recognize real literary diamonds among the host of art servants.

Unfortunately, Dobrolyubov's multifaceted talent could not be fully revealed - the writer died of consumption at the age of 25. With his departure, readers lost a person who knew how to explain in an accessible and very entertaining way why certain works are worthy of attention.

In 1864, Nikolai Alekseevich wrote a poem that became a dedication to Nikolai Dobrolyubov.

Theme

The central theme is admiration for the personality of Nikolai Dobrolyubov, the importance of his work for the formation of bright ideals in the younger generation. In his work, the author shows a vivid image of a revolutionary who laid down his own life to serve the fatherland.

Dobrolyubov appears as a selfless person who possessed a rare literary gift and the ability to rally talented people around him. Nekrasov admires the spiritual purity of the deceased writer, his exceptionally high moral qualities, revolutionary spirit.

The poet sincerely grieves for another friend who has gone into the world, and laments that it is not so often possible to meet on his life path so talented and selfless people.

Composition

The poem consists of six stanzas, varying in length: four quatrains, one five-lineage and one final seven-lineage that ends on takeoff. This ending creates an understatement effect.

The composition of the work is based on the opposition of life and death, and consists of two conventional parts. In the first part, the author shares all the virtues and positive qualities of Dobrolyubov.

Genre

By genre, the poem is an epitaph. Written in iambic pentameter with cross rhyme.

Expression tools

There were many in Nekrasov's arsenal artistic means, with the help of which he managed to convey expressiveness and emotional coloring to his work. Among them metaphors("Lamp of the mind", "prophetic feather"), epithets("Severe", "light", "prophetic") and comparisons("As a woman, you loved your homeland").

Poem test

Analysis rating

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Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov

You were severe, you were young
He knew how to subordinate passion to reason.
You taught to live for glory, for freedom,
But you taught me more to die.

Consciously worldly delights
You rejected, you kept the purity,
Thou hast not given satisfaction to the thirst of the heart;
As a woman, you loved your homeland,
Your works, hopes, thoughts

You gave it to her; you are honest hearts
Conquered her. Appealing to a new life
And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown
You cooked your harsh mistress

But too soon your hour has struck
And the prophetic feather fell from his hands.
What a lamp of reason has gone out!
What a heart has stopped beating!

The years have passed, the passions have subsided,
And you ascended high above us ...
Cry, Russian land! but also be proud -
Ever since you've been standing under heaven

Nikolay Dobrolyubov

According to the recollections of eyewitnesses, there was no close friendship between the writers due to the huge age difference, however, Nekrasov always read Dobrolyubov's articles with pleasure, admiring his courage, peremptory and harshness with which the author often attacked careless writers. At the same time, Nikolai Dobrolyubov had an undeniable gift for truly talented poets and writers. He analyzed their works with great care, and in his reviews he tried to explain to readers why, for example, Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" should be considered as an example of revolutionary drama, and Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" is a symbol of the era of the lazy, illiterate and useless not aspiring people.

Nikolai Dobrolyubov died in 1861 from consumption. He was only 25 years old. However, after his death, Nikolai Nekrasov fully realized what a loss Russian literature suffered, having lost a man who could explain to readers in simple and accessible language which works really deserve their attention and which ones did not.

In 1864 Nikolai Nekrasov wrote his famous dedication poem "To the Memory of Dobrolyubov", in which he not only appreciated the work of this outstanding literary critic, but also revealed his spiritual qualities. “You were harsh, in your youth you knew how to subjugate the mind to passions” - it is with these lines that the poem begins and immediately draws the image of a mature and wise person to the readers. For those who do not know anything about Dobrolyubov, it is very difficult to imagine that as a literary critic he became famous at the age of 22, becoming a threat to poets and writers, towards whose work he was not prejudiced and fairly objectively. Therefore, Nekrasov notes that Dobrolyubov taught people to live not for glory, but for freedom, but "you taught more to die." This phrase contains a truly philosophical meaning, which sheds light on the work of Dobrolyubov. The theme of death in his works was as natural as the theme of the beggarly existence of the peasants. And the young literary critic urged people not to waste their lives in vain, believing that it is better to die defending their interests than to die of old age and disease, knowing that the next generation will have to follow the same path, devoid of joy and hope.

Addressing Dobrolyubov, Nekrasov notes that "as a woman, you loved your homeland," giving her your best years of life, conquering her with his works and "appealing to a new life." The author considers Russia in relation to Dobrolyubov a "harsh mistress" who too late appreciated all the gifts that the young publicist presented to her. Perhaps, if it were not for the fatal illness, Dobrolyubov would have managed to change public opinion with his works and lay a powerful foundation for a new social system. However, this did not happen, although Nekrasov himself does not deny that in many respects it is to Dobrolyubov's work that Russia owes the abolition of serfdom.

I knew how to subordinate passion to reason,

You taught to live for glory, for freedom,

But you taught me more to die.

Consciously worldly delights

You rejected, you kept the purity,

You did not give your heart's thirst to quench

As a woman you loved your homeland,

Your works, hopes, thoughts

You gave it to her; you are honest hearts

Conquered her. Appealing to a new life

And a bright paradise, and pearls for a crown

You cooked your harsh mistress ...

Nekrasov finds simple, but strong, sharp words, succinct but precise expressions to describe his deceased friend. With bitterness and with a feeling of deep admiration, admiration for his memory, he exclaims:

What a lamp of reason has gone out!

What a heart has stopped beating!

The last stanza is cut off in the middle of the line:

Mother nature! If only such people

Sometimes you didn't send to the world

The field of life has died out ...

However, this incompleteness only strengthens the impression, like a pause in the orator's heated speech, which cut it off under the pressure of surging feelings.

The poem does not so much give a specific image of the deceased critic, but rather draws those features of him that are characteristic of all outstanding Russian patriotic fighters, including Nekrasov himself.

So, what does Nekrasov's poetry carry to the modern reader? What is its content? Try now to clarify the scheme that you drew up at the beginning of our conversation about the motives of Nekrasov's lyrics?

The content of Nekrasov's poetry is very diverse: the fate of the people and the fate of people from the people, the duty of a citizen, love, poet and poetry, woman-mother, Petersburg corners, people's defenders and enemies of the people, emotional dramas. And this content was embodied both in the genres already known, but rethought by Nekrasov, and in genres that Russian poetry has not yet known. In the poetry of Nekrasov, traditions, styles, and genres that seemed to be incompatible are surprisingly combined. It also contains the intonations of an accusatory ode with its pathos, oratorical techniques, turns of high style, and the intonation of living folk speech, with its stylistic and lexical features, the melodiousness of Russian songs and the instructiveness of a fairy tale, the wisdom of proverbs and sayings, and "the longing of endless plains.

He does not disdain either poetic or newspaper stamps, or vernacular, or high civil vocabulary. And at the same time, each of his poems is a single poetic whole. The emotional underpinnings of his poetry are "will", "malice" and love. All his poems are imbued with these feelings. He is convinced that

That heart won't learn to love

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