Retelling plan
1. The life of an ignorant Petrusha Grinev.
2. Peter goes to service in Orenburg.
3. The stranger rescues Grinev in a blizzard, Peter gives the "counselor" a hare sheepskin coat.
4. Acquaintance of Grinev with the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress.
5. Duel of Grinev and Shvabrin.
6. Peter does not receive the blessing of his parents for the wedding with Masha Mironova.
7. Residents of the fortress learn about the approach of the troops of Emelyan Pugachev.
8. Pugachev establishes his power in the fortress.
9. Shvabrin goes over to the side of Pugachev. The rebel lets go of Grinev, remembering his sheepskin coat.
10. Shvabrin becomes the commandant of the fortress and forces Masha, left an orphan, to marry him.
11. Grinev and Savelich go to Masha's aid and again meet with Pugachev.
12. Pugachev lets Masha and Grinev go.
13. Peter sends Masha to his parents, and he himself fights against Pugachev.
14. Grinev was arrested on Shvabrin's denunciation.
15. Masha seeks justice from the Empress.
Retelling
Epigraph: Take care of honor from a young age... (Proverb.)
Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard
Pyotr Grinev's father retired; the family had nine children, but all, except Peter, died in infancy. Even before birth, Petrusha was enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment. The boy is brought up by the serf uncle Savelich, under whose guidance Petrusha masters Russian literacy and learns to "judge the merits of a greyhound dog." Later, the Frenchman Beaupré was discharged to him, who was supposed to teach the boy "in French, German and other sciences," but he did not raise Petrusha, but drank and walked. The father soon discovered this and drove the Frenchman out.
In the seventeenth year, the father sent Petrusha to the service, but not to Petersburg, as his son had hoped, but to Orenburg. On the way, Grinev meets Captain Zurin in a tavern, who teaches him to play billiards, gets drunk and wins 100 rubles from him. Grinev "behaved like a boy who broke free." In the morning, Zurin demands a win. Wanting to show his character, Grinev makes Savelich, despite his protests, give out money, and, ashamed, leaves Simbirsk.
Chapter 2. Counselor
On the way, Grinev asks Savelich for forgiveness for his stupid behavior. On the way they are caught by a storm. They go astray, but they meet a man who leads them to their home. At the inn, Grinev examines the counselor. He speaks to the owner in an “allegorical language”: “I flew to the garden, pecked hemp; grandmother threw a pebble, but by ”. Grinev sees a prophetic dream in which subsequent events are predicted. Grinev gives the counselor a hare sheepskin coat V. gratitude for the salvation.
From Orenburg, his father's old friend Andrei Karlovich sent Grinev to serve in the Belogorsk fortress (40 miles from the city).
Chapter 3. Fortress
The fortress is like a village. A reasonable and kind old woman, the commandant's wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, commands everything.
Grinev meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer who was transferred to the fortress for a duel. He tells Grinev about life in the fortress, caustically describes the commandant's family, speaks especially unflattering about the commandant's daughter Mironov Masha.
Chapter 4. Duel
Grinev is very attached to the commandant's family. He is promoted to officer. Grinev talks a lot with Shvabrin, but he likes him less and less, and especially his sharp remarks about Masha. Grinev devotes love poems to Masha, mediocre. Shvabrin sharply criticizes them, insults Masha for a conversation with Grinev. Grinev calls him a liar, Shvabrin demands satisfaction. To prevent a duel, by order of Vasilisa Yegorovna, they are arrested. After a while, Grinev learns from Masha that Shvabrin wooed her, and she refused him (this explains Shvabrin's stubborn slander against the girl). The duel resumes, Shvabrin insidiously wounds Grinev.
Chapter 5. Love
Masha and Savelich are caring for the wounded. Grinev proposes to Masha. She writes a letter to her parents asking them to bless the marriage. Shvabrin comes to visit Grinev, admits that he was guilty. Father Grinev's letter says that the blessing was denied. Masha avoids Grinev, does not want a wedding without parental consent. Grinev ceases to be in the Mironovs' house, his spirit falls.
Chapter 6. Pugachevshchina
The commandant receives a notification about Yemelyan Pugachev's bandit gang attacking the fortress. Vasilisa Yegorovna finds out everything, and rumors of an imminent attack spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev surrounds the fortress and urges the enemy to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send Masha out of the fortress. Masha says goodbye to Grinev. Vasilisa Yegorovna refuses to leave and stays with her husband.
Chapter 7. Attack
At night, the Cossacks leave the Belogorsk fortress under the banner of Pugachev. The Pugachevites attack the fortress. The commandant and the few defenders of the fortress defend themselves, but the forces are unequal. Pugachev, who captured the fortress, arranges a trial. Ivan Kuzmich and his comrades are executed (hanged). When it comes to Grinev's turn, Savelich throws himself at Pugachev's feet, begging him to spare the "lord's child," promises; ransom. Pugachev replaces anger with mercy, remembering the barchuk who gave him a hare sheepskin coat. City residents and garrison soldiers swear allegiance to Pugachev. Vasilisa Yegorovna is taken out onto the porch and killed. Pugachev leaves. The people are running after him.
Chapter 10. Siege of the city
Grinev goes to Orenburg to see General Andrei Karlovich. Officials offer to bribe Pugachev's people (to set a high price for his head). The sergeant brings a letter from Masha to Grinev from the Belogorsk fortress. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him. Grinev asks the general to give him a company of soldiers and fifty Cossacks to clear the Belogorsk fortress. The general refuses, of course.
Chapter 11. Rebellious settlement
Grinev and Savelich go alone to help Masha. On the way, Pugachev's men grab them. Pugachev interrogates Grinev about his intentions in the presence of like-minded people. Grinev admits that he is going to save the orphan from Shvabrin's claims. The robbers propose to deal not only with Shvabrin, but also with Grinev, namely, to hang both of them. Pugachev treats Grinev with obvious sympathy, promises to marry him to Masha. In the morning Grinev in Pugachev's wagon goes to the fortress. In a confidential conversation, Pugachev tells him that he would like to go to Moscow, tells Grinev a Kalmyk tale about an eagle and a raven.
Chapter 12. Orphan
In the fortress, Pugachev finds out that Shvabrin is mocking Masha, starving her. Pugachev "by the will of the sovereign" frees the girl and wants to immediately marry her to Grinev. Shvabrin reveals that she is the daughter of Captain Mironov. Pugachev decides: "to execute this way, execute it like that, grant so much favor" and releases Grinev and Masha.
Chapter 13. Arrest
On the way from the fortress, the soldiers arrest Grinev, mistaking him for a Pugachev, and take him to their boss, who turns out to be Zurin. On his advice, Grinev decides to send Masha and Savelich to their parents, while he continues to fight. Pugachev is being pursued and caught. The war ends. Zurin receives an order to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan in Commission of Inquiry in the Pugachev case.
Chapter 14. Judgment
Because of Shvabrin's slanderous denunciation, Grinev is suspected of serving Pugachev. He is sentenced to exile in Siberia.
Grinev's parents are in grief because of the fate of their son. They are very attached to Masha. Masha goes to Petersburg to seek justice from the empress herself. In Tsarskoye Selo, in the garden, she accidentally meets the empress, not knowing who is in front of her, and tells the true story of Grinev, explains that he came to Pugachev because of her. Masha is summoned to the palace. At the audience, the empress promises to arrange the fate of Masha and to forgive Grinev. He is released from custody.
In 1836, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote the story "The Captain's Daughter", which was a historical description of the Pugachev uprising. In his work, Pushkin was based on the real events of 1773-1775, when, under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev (the False Tsar Peter Fedorovich), the Yaik Cossacks, who took fugitive convicts, thieves and villains as their servants, began a peasant war. Petr Grinev and Maria Mironova are fictional characters, but their fates very truthfully reflect the grievous time of the brutal civil war.
Pushkin designed his story in a realistic form in the form of notes from the diary of the protagonist Pyotr Grinev, made years after the uprising. The lyrics of the work are interesting in their presentation - Grinev writes his diary in adulthood, rethinking everything he has experienced. At the time of the uprising, he was a young nobleman loyal to his Empress. He viewed the rebels as savages who were fighting with particular cruelty against the Russian people. In the course of the story, it can be seen how the heartless chieftain Pugachev, who executed dozens of honest officers, eventually, by the will of fate, wins favor in Grinev's heart and acquires sparks of nobility in his eyes.
Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard
At the beginning of the story the main character Petr Grinev tells the reader about his young life. He - the only survivor of 9 children of a retired major and a poor noblewoman, lived in a middle-class noble family. An old servant was actually engaged in raising the young master. Peter's education was low, because his father, a retired major, hired the immoral French hairdresser Beaupré as a tutor. For drunkenness and depraved actions he was expelled from the estate. And his father decided to send 17-year-old Petrusha to serve in Orenburg (instead of Petersburg, where he was supposed to serve in the guard) through old connections, and attached Savelich's old servant to him for supervision. Petrusha was upset, because instead of partying in the capital, he was waiting for a dull existence in the wilderness. During a stop on the way, the young master made an acquaintance with the rake-captain Zurin, because of whom, under the pretext of training, he became involved in playing billiards. Then Zurin offered to gamble and as a result, Petrusha lost as much as 100 rubles - a lot of money at that time. Savelich, being the keeper of the lord's "treasury", is against Peter paying the debt, but the master insists. The servant is indignant, but he gives the money.
Chapter 2. Counselor
In the end, Peter is ashamed of his loss and promises Savelich not to play for money anymore. There is a long road ahead of them, and the servant forgives the master. But because of Petrusha's indiscretion, they again get into trouble - the approaching storm did not embarrass the young man, and he ordered the driver not to return. As a result, they lost their way and almost froze. Luckily, they met a stranger who helped the lost travelers to go to the inn.
Grinev recalls how then he, tired of the journey, had a dream in the wagon, which he called prophetic: he sees his house and his mother, who says that his father is dying. Then he sees an unknown man with a beard in his father's bed, and his mother says that he is her named husband. The stranger wants to give the "father's" blessing, but Peter refuses and then the man takes up the ax, and corpses appear around. He does not touch Peter.
They drive up to an inn that looks like a thieves' haven. The stranger, frozen in the cold in one army jacket, asks Petrusha for wine, and he treats him. A strange conversation took place between the man and the owner of the house in the thieves' language. Peter does not understand the meaning, but everything he heard seems very strange to him. Leaving the shelter, Peter, to Savelich's next displeasure, thanked the guide by presenting him with a hare sheepskin coat. To which the stranger bowed, saying that the age will not forget such mercy.
When Peter finally gets to Orenburg, a colleague of his father, having read the cover letter with instructions to keep the young man "in tight knit gloves", sends him to serve in the Belgorod Fortress - an even greater wilderness. This could not but upset Peter, who had long dreamed of a guards uniform.
Chapter 3. Fortress
The master of the Belgorod garrison was Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, but his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, actually ran everything. Simple and sincere people immediately liked Grinev. The middle-aged couple of the Mironovs had a daughter, Masha, but so far their acquaintance has not taken place. In the fortress (which turned out to be a simple village), Peter meets the young lieutenant Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, who was exiled here from the guards for a duel that ended in the death of the enemy. Shvabrin, having a habit of speaking unflatteringly about others, often spoke sarcastically about Masha, the captain's daughter, making her a complete fool. Then Grinev himself meets the commander's daughter and questions the lieutenant's statements.
Chapter 4. Duel
By his nature, kind and complacent Grinev began to be friends with the commandant and his family more and more closely, and moved away from Shvabrin. The captain's daughter Masha, had no dowry, but turned out to be a charming girl. Peter did not like Shvabrin's sharp remarks. Inspired by thoughts of a young girl on quiet evenings, he began to write poems to her, the content of which he shared with a friend. But he made fun of him, and even more began to humiliate Masha's dignity, assuring that she would come at night to the one who would give her a pair of earrings.
As a result, the friends quarreled, and it came to a duel. Vasilisa Yegorovna, the commandant's wife, found out about the duel, but the duelists pretended to make up, deciding to postpone the meeting for the next day. But in the morning, as soon as they had time to draw their swords, Ivan Ignatyevich and 5 invalids were led out under escort to Vasilisa Yegorovna. After scolding them properly, she let them go. In the evening Masha, alarmed by the news of the duel, told Peter about Shvabrin's unsuccessful matchmaking to her. Now Grinev understood his motives for behavior. The duel did take place. Confident swordsman Peter, taught at least something worthwhile by Beaupre's tutor, turned out to be a strong opponent for Shvabrin. But Savelich appeared in the duel, Peter hesitated for a second and was eventually wounded.
Chapter 5. Love
The wounded Peter was nursed by his servant and Masha. As a result, the duel brought the young people closer together, and they kindled with mutual love for each other. Wanting to marry Masha, Grinev sends a letter to his parents.
Grinev made up with Shvabrin. Peter's father, learning about the duel and not wanting to hear about the marriage, was furious and sent his son an angry letter, where he threatened to transfer from the fortress. Perplexed as to how his father could find out about the duel, Peter lashed out at Savelich with accusations, but he himself received a letter with the displeasure of the owner. Grinev finds only one answer - Shvabrin reported the duel. The father's refusal of the blessing does not change Peter's intentions, but Masha does not agree to secretly marry. For a while, they move away from each other, and Grinev understands that unhappy love can deprive him of his reason and lead to debauchery.
Chapter 6. Pugachevshchina
Anxiety begins in the Belgorod Fortress. Captain Mironov receives an order from the general to prepare the fortress for an attack by rioters and robbers. Emelyan Pugachev, who called himself Peter III, escaped from custody and terrified the surroundings. According to rumors, he had already captured several fortresses and was approaching Belgorod. It was not necessary to count on victory with 4 officers and army "invalids". Alarmed by rumors about the seizure of a nearby fortress and the execution of officers, Captain Mironov decided to send Masha and Vasilisa Yegorovna to Orenburg, where the fortress is stronger. The captain's wife speaks out against leaving, and decides not to leave her husband in difficult times. Masha says goodbye to Peter, but she fails to leave the fortress.
Chapter 7. Attack
Ataman Pugachev appears at the walls of the fortress and offers to surrender without a fight. Commandant Mironov, learning about the betrayal of the sergeant and several Cossacks who joined the rebel clan, does not agree to the proposal. He punishes his wife to dress Masha as a commoner and take the priest to the hut, while he himself opens fire on the rebels. The battle ends with the capture of the fortress, which, together with the city, passes into the hands of Pugachev.
Right at the house of the commandant, Pugachev inflicts reprisals on those who refused to give him the oath. He orders the execution of Captain Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatyich. Grinev decides that he will not swear allegiance to the robber and will accept an honest death. However, Shvabrin approaches Pugachev and whispers something in his ear. The ataman decides not to ask for the oath, ordering all three to be hanged. But the old faithful servant Savelich throws himself at the feet of the chieftain and he agrees to pardon Grinev. Ordinary soldiers and residents of the city take the oath of allegiance to Pugachev. As soon as the oath ended, Pugachev decided to dine, but the Cossacks dragged the naked Vasilisa Yegorovna by the hair out of the commandant's house, where they were robbing property, who was shouting for her husband and cursing the convict. Ataman ordered to kill her.
Chapter 8. An uninvited guest
Grinev's heart is out of place. He understands that if the soldiers find out that Masha is here and alive, she cannot avoid reprisals, especially since Shvabrin took the side of the rebels. He knows that the beloved is hiding in the house of the priest. In the evening, the Cossacks came, sent to take him to Pugachev. Although Peter did not accept the Liar's offer of all kinds of honors for the oath, the conversation between the rebel and the officer was friendly. Pugachev remembered goodness and now granted Peter freedom in response.
Chapter 9. Parting
The next morning Pugachev, in front of the people, called Peter to him and told him to go to Orenburg and report his offensive in a week. Savelich began to bother about the plundered property, but the villain said that he would let him go to the sheepskin coats for such insolence. Grinev and his servant leave Belogorsk. Pugachev appoints Shvabrin as commandant, and he himself sets off for another feat.
Pyotr and Savelich are walking, but one of Pugachev's gang caught up with them and said that His Majesty favored them with a horse and a sheepskin coat, but half a dollar, but he, they say, lost it.
Masha took to her bed and lay in delirium.
Chapter 10. Siege of the city
Arriving in Orenburg, Grinev immediately reported on Pugachev's deeds in the Belgorod fortress. A council was convened, at which everyone except Peter voted for defense, not attack.
A long siege begins - hunger and want. Peter on his next sortie into the enemy's camp receives a letter from Masha, in which she begs to save her. Shvabrin wants to marry her and keeps her in captivity. Grinev goes to the general with a request to give half a company of soldiers to save the girl, which is refused. Then Peter decides to help out his beloved alone.
Chapter 11. Rebellious settlement
On the way to the fortress, Peter falls into the guard of Pugachev and is taken for interrogation. Grinev honestly tells the troublemaker about everything about his plans and says that he is free to do whatever he wants with him. Pugachev's thugs advisors propose to execute the officer, but he says, "to have mercy, so mercy."
Together with the robber chieftain, Peter goes to the Belgorod fortress, on the way they have a conversation. The rebel says that he wants to go to Moscow. Peter in his heart pity him, begging him to surrender at the mercy of the empress. But Pugachev knows that it is too late, and says, come what may.
Chapter 12. Orphan
Shvabrin holds the girl on water and bread. Pugachev has mercy on the self-willed, but from Shvabrin he learns that Masha is the daughter of a non-sworn commandant. At first he is furious, but Peter, with his frankness, is seeking favor this time.
Chapter 13. Arrest
Pugachev gives Peter a pass to all the outposts. Happy lovers go to their parents' house. They confused the army convoy with the Pugachev traitors and were arrested. Grinev recognized the head of the outpost as Zurin. He said that he was going home to get married. He dissuades him, assuring him to stay in the service. Peter himself understands that duty calls him. He sends Masha and Savelich to their parents.
The military actions of the detachments that came to the rescue broke the bandit plans. But Pugachev could not be caught. Then there were rumors that he was raging in Siberia. Zurin's squad is sent to suppress another outbreak. Grinev recalls the unfortunate villages plundered by the savages. The troops had to take away what the people were able to save. The news came that Pugachev was caught.
Chapter 14. Judgment
Grinev, on the denunciation of Shvabrin, was arrested as a traitor. He could not justify himself by love, fearing that Masha would also be interrogated. The Empress, taking into account the merits of her father, pardoned him, but sentenced him to exile for life. My father was on fire. Masha decided to go to Petersburg and ask the Empress for her beloved.
By the will of fate, Mary meets the Empress in the early autumn morning and tells her everything, not knowing who she is talking to. The same morning, a cabman was sent after her to the house of a society lady, where Masha settled for a while, with the order to deliver Mironov's daughter to the palace.
There Masha saw Catherine II and recognized her as her companion.
Grinev was freed from hard labor. Pugachev was executed. Standing on the block in the crowd, he saw Grinev and nodded.
The reunited loving hearts continued the family of the Grinyovs, and in their Simbirsk province, under glass, was kept a letter from Catherine II pardoning Peter and praising Maria for her intelligence and kind heart.
Even before his birth, Pyotr Grinev was enrolled in the Semenov regiment as a sergeant. He grew up in the village with his parents and was the only child in the family, as his eight siblings died in infancy. He was brought up by his former stirrup Savelich, who by the age of twelve taught the boy to read, write and understand the hunting dogs.
Then his father hired him the Frenchman Beaupre, who did not stay in the house for long and was kicked out for having an affair with the courtyard girls. When the young man turned sixteen, his father decided that it was time for Petrusha to serve in the army, but not in the Semenovsky regiment in St. Petersburg - he would spoil himself with the life of the capital, but in Orenburg under the command of his old friend, General Andrei Karlovich R.
Mother, crying, equipped her son on a long journey, father blessed him, and Pyotr Andreyevich left, accompanied by Uncle Savelyich.
In Simbirsk, where they had to buy the necessary things, Grinev met the hussar captain and immediately lost a hundred rubles to him at billiards. Despite Savelich's reproaches, the debt was paid, and they drove on.
Petrusha and his uncle were already approaching their destination when a storm overtook them in the steppe. A severe blizzard began and they got lost. Suddenly, from somewhere, an unfamiliar man appeared, showed them the way and took them to the inn. There, their counselor had an allegorical conversation with the owner, from which Grinev did not understand anything.
Waking up in the morning, in gratitude for the help provided, he gave the peasant his hare sheepskin coat. The clothes turned out to be too small and ripped apart at the seams of the counselor, but the tramp was still very pleased with this gift.
In Orenburg, Grinev came to General R., who sent him to the Belogorsk fortress under the command of Captain Mironov.
The fortress was located forty miles from Orenburg and was a small village surrounded by a log fence with low huts covered with thatch and a cannon at the gate.
Petrusha immediately went to the commandant, who was not at home, but his wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, herself identified the newcomer to the post. The next day he met Shvabrin, a young officer whom he liked very much. Together they went to the commandant. at the commandant's house, they saw about twenty old invalids, lined up in a frunt, commanded by Captain Mironov himself in a cap and dressing gown.
He invited the young people to his house to dine. It was there that Grinev saw for the first time the commandant's daughter, Masha, whom Shvabrin spoke of as a perfect fool, and therefore treated her with prejudice, but soon changed his attitude.
Life in the fortress was monotonous. Pyotr Andreevich was received in the commandant's house as his own, he liked Mironov and his wife very much, and after getting to know Masha better, he found in her a prudent and sensitive girl and fell in love with her.
Once he wrote poems to her and showed them to Shvabrin, hoping for praise, but the officer laughed at them and made an obscene remark about Masha. This greatly offended Grinev, and he challenged his friend to a duel. The commandant found out about this and forbade the duel. Masha told Petrusha that at one time Shvabrin had wooed her, but she refused him. Finally, the rivals seized the moment and the sword fight took place.
Savelich suddenly appeared and distracted Grinev's attention, Shvabrin took advantage of this and wounded the enemy in the chest.
Masha and Vasilisa Yegorovna looked after the wounded. Seeing the attitude of the girl towards herself, Petrusha realized that she also loved him, made her an offer and received consent. He wrote a letter to his parents asking for their blessing for marriage with Masha.
But the father refused the blessing, scolded his son for the duel and threatened to ask for his transfer to another fortress. Grinev and Masha were very upset, the girl cried, but refused to get married without a blessing. Pyotr Andreyevich fell into a gloomy reverie, did not want to see anyone, but his love flared up more and more.
In early October 1773, a letter came from General R., in which he warned of the danger of an attack on the fortress cossack troops under the leadership of the fugitive Don Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev, posing as the late Emperor Peter III, and asked to take appropriate measures.
The commandant gave the officers orders for guards and night patrols, ordered the only cannon to be cleaned and, most importantly. keep your mouth shut. Meanwhile, he himself accidentally let slip to his wife. Pugachev's army was approaching. there were many rumors about its size and strength.
The fortress Nizhneozernaya, located nearby, was taken, and the parents decided to send Masha to Orenburg to her godmother. But she did not have time to leave: in the morning the fortress was surrounded. All residents gathered on the rampart.
In the ranks of the attacking Pugachev was visible in a red caftan, riding a white horse. The commandant, blessing Masha and saying goodbye to Vasilisa Yegorovna, sent the women home, ordering his wife to put on a sundress on her daughter. so that if something happens she was mistaken for a simple peasant woman.
The assault began. The battle was short-lived, the attackers far outnumbered the garrison. Bursting into the fortress, they demanded from Captain Mironov, wounded in the head, keys, and Grinev. who rushed to his aid, they tied up. The prisoners were dragged to the square, where Pugachev was to take an oath of allegiance from them.
The impostor was sitting in a chair on the porch of the commandant's house and judging the captured. The commandant and lieutenant Ivan Ignatievich, who refused to recognize him as the Tsar, were hanged, it was Grinev's turn. At that moment, he saw among the rebels Shvabrin, cut in a circle and in a Cossack caftan, who said something to Pugachev, after which Pyotr Andreyevich was dragged to the gallows without further proceedings.
Suddenly Savelich ran out of the crowd and begged Pugachev to have mercy on the young man. When the villagers began to swear allegiance to the impostor, a woman screamed, and they dragged Vasilisa Yegorovna onto the porch, who, seeing her hanged husband, began to lament. One of the Kazakhs struck her with a saber, and the commandant fell down dead.
In the evening, Grinev went to the commandant's house and found out that his beloved was alive. She was saved by the maid Broadsword, passing off as her sick niece. Masha lay in a fever behind the partition on Palasha's bed and hardly regained consciousness. Pyotr Andreevich returned home and was very surprised when Savelich announced that Pugachev was the man who brought them out of the blizzard. a little later, a Cossack appeared on behalf of the great Emperor, conveyed a demand to appear before him.
Grinev found Pugachev and his entourage at dinner. They all communicated on equal terms, showing no preference for the leader. After dinner, the impostor sent everyone away to talk to Grinev in private. The young man answered honestly and directly, not hiding his thoughts, and Pugachev decided to let him go.
Pugachev instructs Grinev to inform the Orenburg governor that the Pugachevites will be in the city in a week. Pugachev himself leaves the Belogorsk fortress, leaving Shvabrin as commandant. Savelich gives Pugachev the "register" of the plundered lordly property, Pugachev, in a "fit of magnanimity", leaves him unattended and without punishment. Grants Grinev a horse and a fur coat from his shoulder. Masha falls ill.
Grinev goes to Orenburg. Upon arrival, he saw that the city was preparing for a siege. The military decided to stick to defensive tactics, underestimating Pugachev, who soon approached Orenburg and began a siege. Once after the battle, Grinev met a Cossack who had lagged behind his own people, and recognized him as a sergeant of the Belogorsk fortress, who handed him a letter from Masha. She wrote that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him, and asked for help.
Pyotr Andreyevich immediately went straight to the general and began to ask for a company of soldiers and fifty Cossacks to take the Belogorsk fortress. The general refused, citing the range.
Then Ginev went to the fortress with Savelich. On the way they were captured by the rebels and taken to Pugacheva. Grinev told him that he was going to free the orphan, and told about Masha, calling her the priest's niece, and about Shvabrin. The impostor believed, but Khlopusha decided to torture the prisoner with fire.
The young man's life hung in the balance, but Grinev started a conversation. He thanked Pugachev for the sheepskin coat and the horse, without which he would have froze, which amused his sir .. They had supper, and in the morning in the wagon they drove together to the Belorskaya fortress.
There they were met by Shvabrin, who kept Masha locked up on bread and water. Pugachev freed her and wanted to immediately marry Grinev, as Shvabrin said that she was the daughter of commandant Mironov. But the impostor forgave the young people for this deception and even ordered them to give them a pass for all their possessions.
Soon, near the fortress Tatishcheva, the troops of Prince Golitsyn, Pugachev was defeated, but was able to escape. He showed up in Siberia, where he again began to rouse the people, took Kazan and went to Moscow. Finally, the news came of his defeat and capture, and Grinev was given leave so that he could go to his parents. But on the day appointed for his departure, a secret order for his arrest came.
Pyotr Andreevich was put in a cart and brought under escort to Kazan, where the trial took place. Grinev spoke frankly about everything related to his acquaintance with Pugachev, but did not mention Masha, not wanting to involve her in this matter. Shvabrin, shackled, testified against him. He accused his former friend of spying for the rebels, but the name of Captain Mironov's daughter was not mentioned in his testimony either.
Masha, meanwhile, lived on the estate of Grinev's parents, who loved her very much. One day they received a letter from St. Petersburg from one of their relatives who reported. that their son was threatened with the gallows, but out of respect for the merits of his father he would serve his sentence in Siberia. This dishonor almost killed her father, and Masha, feeling guilty, packed up and went to Petersburg.
The Empress's court was located in Tsarskoe Selo. The girl stopped at the caretaker's house. The next morning, while walking in the garden, she met a very pleasant lady, to whom she told all about herself. The lady agreed to give the empress a petition for Grinev.
Returning to the caretaker's house, Masha was drinking tea, when suddenly a carriage drove up, and the girl was ordered to come to the Empress. In Catherine II, she recognized the lady with whom she spoke in the morning. The empress gave her a letter of pardon from Grinev and promised to arrange their future. Masha fell at her feet. The Empress took good care of her and let her go. On the same day, the captain's daughter left for the village.
Pugachev was executed. Grinev was released from imprisonment at the end of 1774, he was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded. Soon Peter Andreevich married Masha.
Characteristics of the main characters of Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter"
Petr Grinev
Pyotr Grinev is the main character in the story "The Captain's Daughter".
Pyotr Andreevich - a young man of noble origin, was brought up by the stirrup Savelich and the guys from the yard.
Peter is respectful of his parents. The father's word for him is law. He dreams of serving in the capital, but he is sent to Orenburg, to the Belogorsk fortress. The child obediently fulfills the father's order.
Grinev is characterized by the concepts of honor and dignity. He serves the Empress faithfully.
Being noble and honest are Peter's principles of life. Despite Savelich's indignation, he returns the lost money to Zurin. Due to insult to Masha, Shvabrin fights with him in a duel.
Grinev is brave and courageous: he does not go over to the side of the Don Cossacks, and truthfully tells Pugachev that he will fight against his gang when ordered. Showing courage, and knowing that he could be killed, he takes Masha away from Shvabrin.
Peter did a magnanimous act that was useful to him in the future: he gave Pugachev a fur coat, for which he was pardoned.
Masha Mironova
Masha Mironova - the heroine of the first plan - a young girl, daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. Her image is the personification of morality and spiritual purity.
She is lonely, cowardly, laconic, but her actions are always correct. She appreciated both Shvabrin and Grinev.
She has a difficult fate. Having survived the storming of the fortress, the death of her father and mother, being captured by Shvabrin, Masha retained her fortitude and remained true to her moral assertions.
In the end, when Masha saves Peter, she, not recognizing the empress, communicates on equal terms and even argues with her. Victory remains with Masha: with her help Grinev gets out of captivity to freedom. In the image of Masha Mironova, all the best qualities Russian girl.
Emelyan Pugachev
Emelyan Pugachev - ataman of the Cossack squad, an impostor leader. His image is presented from different sides.
After the first meeting, the unrecognized Pugachev appeared to Pyotr Grinev as a poor man with sly eyes. But when the fortress was captured, he looked like a tsar: he was wearing a caftan and a sable hat.
At the beginning of the story, Pugachev is a fierce rebel, he executes Masha's parents with all cruelty. In the end, a more generous person.
His speech can be as usual, calm, and rude.
Ataman is just. He helped Grinev save his bride and punished Shvabrin for using violence.
Shvabrin, a representative of the nobility, ends up in the Belogorsk fortress for murder in a forbidden duel. Alexey Ivanovich is an educated and intelligent person, but he has low spiritual qualities.
He likes Masha Mironova, but she does not reciprocate. For this, he takes revenge by slandering her. In the end, he mocks her, forcibly forces her to marry him.
Shvabrin is a vile traitor: during the siege of the fortress by bandits, he, despite the oath, shamelessly goes over to their side. At the trial, he put Grinev as Pugachev's ally.
This character appears in the story as an antihero, he is opposed to Peter Grinev.
Arkhip Savelich
Arkhip Savelich is a striving, loyal and devoted assistant, "good uncle" of Pyotr Grinev. He is indifferent to alcohol, for which he was entrusted with the education and training of Peter. Having a truly Russian character, he treats the French governor Beaupre with contempt.
An executive, honest person, conscientiously fulfills all the orders of the owners; but he often argues with Peter and teaches him.
Savelich loyally cares about Peter: does not allow him to repay the debt to Zurin, at the upcoming execution of Peter he is ready to sacrifice himself, after the siege of the fortress "brazenly" presents Pugachev with a list of plundered belongings.
Savelich is an unfortunate serf, he gets it from Father Grinev at every opportunity.
Mironov Ivan Kuzmich
The Captain's Daughter is a historical novel dedicated to the bloodiest uprising of the late 18th century - the uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev.
Chapter 1
He spent his life in amusement and amusement. His French teacher did not bother his student with work, but drank more and had fun with his student.
Grinev's father, seeing that with such a life nothing good will come of his son, sends him to military service to his former colleague Captain Mironov.
Young Pyotr Grinev dreams of a brilliant career in St. Petersburg, but instead he is sent to a small fortress near Orenburg on the Yaik River. Together with him, the serf Savelich was sent as a servant and nanny. Already on the way to the fortress, the young man loses 100 rubles at cards and seriously quarrels with his mentor because of this loss.
Chapter 2
In the winter steppe, the driver loses his way. The travelers face death. But at this time, a guide appears, who leads them to the inn. Spending the night in this place, Grinev sees a prophetic dream. He sees a recent guide in his father's bed. At the same time, Grinev's mother calls the stranger a priest.
Then the man jumps out of bed and starts swinging the ax. Corpses and blood everywhere. Peter wakes up in horror. When he wakes up, he hears an incomprehensible conversation between the guide and the innkeeper about the upcoming events. As a token of gratitude for the salvation, the young officer presents the escort with a hare sheepskin coat and brings a glass of vodka. Savelich is again very dissatisfied with his young master.
Chapter 3
The fortress in which the young officer was assigned was a tiny village with two dozen disabled people. He is warmly greeted by the family of the commandant of the fortress, captain Mironov, a former colleague of Andrei Grinev. The captain's wife Vasilisa Yegorovna was in charge of all affairs in the fortress and in her small household. Grinev immediately liked these people.
His attention was also attracted by Shvabrin, a young and educated officer exiled from St. Petersburg for a duel, witty and cheerful. Lieutenant Shvabrin was the first to come to Peter to make his acquaintance, explaining this by the fact that boredom is death in the fortress. Talking to a new person, Shvabrin spoke extremely disrespectfully of Masha Mironova, the captain's daughter, calling her a dim-witted person.
When Peter meets a girl, talks to her, he realizes that this is a modest, reasonable and very kind girl.
Chapter 4
The young officer is completely absorbed in his new life... He began to read serious books, became interested in poetry and even began to compose himself. He dedicated one love song to Masha Mironova. As a true poet, he wanted to show off his work, and sang it to Shvabrina. He, in response, ridiculed the poet and his work, again dismissing the subject of Grinev's passion. What was followed by a challenge to a duel.
Learning about the duel, Masha and the kindest Vasilisa Yegorovna tried to reconcile the opponents and force them to abandon the duel. But the duel did take place. Pyotr Grinev was wounded in the shoulder.
Chapter 5
Masha and the regimental barber diligently look after Grinev, who also serves as a doctor. The young man cordially forgives Shvabrin, because he understands what wounded pride spoke in him. After all, Masha confessed to Peter that Shvabrin wooed her, but was refused. Now a lot has become clear to the young man in the behavior of his opponent.
During his illness, Grinev explains to Masha and asks for her hand in marriage. The girl happily agrees. Peter writes a touching letter to his family asking them to bless their union. In response, he receives an angry message from his father denying the marriage blessing. Also, having learned about the duel, the father believes that Peter should be immediately transferred to another regiment. The young man invites Masha to secretly get married, but the girl flatly refuses to break the will of her parents.
Chapter 6
Troubled times begin. From Orenburg the commandant receives a secret report about Yemelyan Pugachev's "gang", to which peasants and even some military men join. The fortress was ordered to prepare for military operations. The worried captain intends to send Masha to her relatives away from danger.
Chapter 7
Pugachev's army appears unexpectedly. The commandant did not manage to send Masha out of the fortress. The first onslaught and the fortress fell. The commandant, realizing the horror of the situation, ordered his wife to dress her daughter in a peasant dress. At this time, Pugachev, in the guise of the king, begins the trial over the defenders of the fortress.
He offers to obey him and go over to the side of the rebels in exchange for life. Shvabrin was the first to go over to the side of the rebels. The commandant proudly rejected this proposal and was immediately executed. When Grinev is made the same offer, he rejects it with indignation and is already preparing for death.
At this time, Savelich appears. He kneels before the "king" and asks for his master. A bloody picture of the massacre of the wife of Captain Mironov, who is stabbed with sabers, is immediately played out.
Chapter 8
At home Grinev, having learned from Savelich that the "sovereign" is their longtime guide who saved them from a blizzard. All the thoughts of the young man are occupied by Masha, because if the rebels find out that she is the daughter of the captain, the commandant of the fortress, they will kill her. Shvabrin, who went over to the side of the rebels, can betray her.
At this moment, Grineva invites Pugachev to his place and invites Peter to go over to his side again - to serve the new "tsar" with faith and truth, for which he will be made a general. Grinev, observing the officer's honor, says that he has sworn loyalty to the empress and cannot violate it. Moreover, he is obliged, if ordered, to fight against the rebels. Pugachev, delighted with the veracity and courage of the young officer, lets him go.
Chapter 9
In the morning, Pugachev publicly sends Grinev to Orenburg with the news that he intends to attack this city in a week. With gloomy thoughts and anxiety in his heart, the young man leaves the Belgorod Fortress, because in the hands of Shvabrin, appointed commandant, his bride remains.
Chapter 10
Upon arrival in Orenburg, Grinev tells the generals everything he knows about Pugachev's army. Opinions were divided: someone for a swift attack, someone wants to wait. As a result, the city falls under siege. A few days later, Peter secretly with an opportunity receives a letter from Masha with a request to save her from Shvabrin, who is trying to force the girl to marry. Peter asks for an army to attack the Belgorod fortress. Having received a refusal, he begins to look for other ways to save the girl.
Chapter 11
Grinev, together with Savelich, goes back to the fortress. On the way, the rebels seized them and presented them to Pugachev. Peter, with his usual directness and truthfulness, talks about Masha and Shvabrin's meanness. The new "king" likes the idea of \u200b\u200bconnecting two loving hearts. In addition, he tells a young man a Kalmyk parable about a raven and an eagle. To which Grinev says that one cannot live by robbery and murder.
Chapter 12
Arriving at the Belgorod Fortress, Pugachev demands from Shvabrin to show Masha. The new commandant keeps the girl in the pantry on water and bread. In response to the anger of the "king" Shvabrin immediately reveals to him the secret of the girl's origin. But at this moment Pugachev is merciful, he releases both Grinev and Masha to freedom.
Chapter 13
On the way to Orenburg, Grineva and Masha are detained by Cossacks, mistaking them for rebels. Fortunately for the young, Lieutenant Zurin, a friend of Grinev, commands them. He gives practical advice: send the girl to the family estate of the Grinevs, and the young man to stay in the army.
Peter gladly took advantage of this advice. Seeing the devastated villages and the huge number of innocent killed, he is horrified by the behavior of the rebels. After some time, Zurin receives a notification with an order to arrest Grinev and send him to Kazan for secret communication with the rebels.
Chapter 14
In Kazan, before the Investigative Committee, Grinev behaves simply and truthfully, because he is confident that he is right. But Shvabrin slanders the young man, pointing to him as a secret spy of Pugachev. As a result, Grinev was sent to St. Petersburg, where he will appear before a state court. Either execution or eternal hard labor in Siberia awaits him.
Masha, having learned about the pitiful fate of her fiancé, decides to go to Petersburg to the Empress herself. Here in the Tsarskoye Selo garden early in the morning she meets a certain lady, to whom she tells all her misadventures without hiding. The lady promises to help her. Later Masha learns that she had a conversation with the empress herself. Grinev's case was reviewed, and the young man was fully acquitted.
Afterword
In 1774, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was acquitted thanks to the determination and determination of his bride. In 1775 he was present at the execution of Yemelyan Pugachev, this was their last meeting. Young people got married and lived happily.
The novel is based on the memoirs of a fifty-year-old nobleman Petra Andreevich Grinevawritten by him during the reign of Emperor Alexander and dedicated to the "Pugachevshchina", in which a seventeen-year-old officer Petr Grinev by a "strange chain of circumstances" he took an involuntary part.
Pyotr Andreevich recalls his childhood with light irony, the childhood of an ignorant noble. His father Andrey Petrovich Grinev in his youth, “he served under Count Minich and retired as prime major in 17 ... year. Since then he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married a girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., daughter of a poor local nobleman. " The Grinev family had nine children, but all of Petrusha's brothers and sisters "died in infancy." “My mother was still a belly of me,” recalls Grinev, “as I was already enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant.” Since the age of five, Petrusha has been looked after by the stirrup Savelich, who was given to him as an uncle "for sober behavior". "Under his supervision in the twelfth year I learned to read and write Russian and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." Then a teacher appeared - the Frenchman Beaupré, who did not understand the "meaning of this word", since in his own country he was a hairdresser, and in Prussia - a soldier. Young Grinev and the Frenchman Beaupré quickly hit it off, and although Beaupre was contractually obliged to teach Petrusha "in French, German and all sciences", he soon preferred to learn from his student "to chat in Russian." Grinev's upbringing ends with the expulsion of Beaupre, who was convicted of disorderly conduct, drunkenness and neglect of the duties of a teacher.
Until the age of sixteen, Grinev lives "undersized, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys." In the seventeenth year, the father decides to send his son to the service, but not to Petersburg, but to the army "to sniff gunpowder" and "pull the strap." He sends him to Orenburg, instructing him to serve faithfully "to whom you swear", and remember the proverb: "Take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth." All the "brilliant hopes" of the young Grinev for a cheerful life in St. Petersburg were shattered, ahead of them was "boredom in the deaf and distant side."
Approaching Orenburg, Grinev and Savelich were caught in a blizzard. A random person who meets on the road brings the wagon, lost in a blizzard, to the office. While the wagon was "quietly moving" to housing, Pyotr Andreyevich had a terrible dream in which fifty-year-old Grinev sees something prophetic, linking it with the "strange circumstances" of his future life. A man with a black beard lies in the bed of Father Grinev, and mother, calling him Andrei Petrovich and “the planted father,” wants Petrusha to “kiss his hand” and ask for blessings. A peasant waves an ax, the room is filled with dead bodies; Grinev stumbles over them, slides in bloody puddles, but his “terrible man” “tenderly calls”, saying: “Don't be afraid, come under my blessing”.
In gratitude for the salvation, Grinev gives the “counselor”, dressed too lightly, his hare sheepskin coat and brings a glass of wine, for which he thanks him with a low bow: “Thank you, your honor! God reward you for your virtue. " The outward appearance of the “counselor” seemed to Grinev “wonderful”: “He was about forty years old, medium-sized, thin and broad-shouldered. His black beard showed gray; lively big eyes kept running. His face had a rather pleasant expression, but rogue. "
The Belogorsk fortress, where Grinev was sent to serve from Orenburg, meets the young man not with formidable bastions, towers and ramparts, but turns out to be a village surrounded by a wooden fence. Instead of a brave garrison, there are disabled people who do not know where is the left and where is the right, instead of deadly artillery, there is an old cannon clogged with garbage.
The commandant of the fortress, Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, is an officer "from the soldiers' children", an uneducated man, but honest and kind. His wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna, completely manages it and looks at the affairs of the service as if it were her own business. Soon Grinev became “native” for the Mironovs, and he himself “imperceptibly [...] became attached to a kind family”. In the daughter of the Mironovs, Masha Grinev "I found a sensible and sensible girl."
The service does not bother Grinev, he was carried away by reading books, practicing translation and writing poetry. At first, he became close to Lieutenant Shvabrin, the only person in the fortress who was close to Grinev in education, age and occupation. But soon they quarrel - Shvabrin mockingly criticized the love "song" written by Grinev, and also allowed himself dirty hints about the "temper and custom" of Masha Mironova, to whom this song was dedicated. Later, in a conversation with Masha, Grinev will find out the reasons for the stubborn slander that Shvabrin pursued her: the lieutenant wooed her, but was refused. “I don't like Alexei Ivanovich. He is very disgusting to me, ”Masha admits to Grinev. The quarrel is resolved by a duel and by wounding Grinev.
Masha takes care of the wounded Grinev. Young people confess to each other "in a heartfelt inclination", and Grinev writes a letter to the priest, "asking for parental blessing." But Masha is a dowry. The Mironovs have “only one soul, Palashka,” while the Grinevs have three hundred peasants. Father forbids Grinev to marry and promises to transfer him from the Belogorsk fortress "somewhere further away" so that the "nonsense" will pass.
After this letter, life became unbearable for Grinev, he falls into gloomy reverie, seeks solitude. "I was afraid either to go crazy, or to fall into debauchery." And only "unexpected events," writes Grinev, "which had an important impact on my whole life, suddenly gave my soul a strong and good shock."
At the beginning of October 1773, the commandant of the fortress received a secret message about the Don Cossack Yemelyan Pugachev, who, posing as “the late Emperor Peter III,” “gathered a villainous gang, outraged in Yaik villages and had already taken and ruined several fortresses.” The commandant was asked to "take appropriate measures to repel the mentioned villain and impostor."
Soon everyone was talking about Pugachev. A Bashkir with "outrageous sheets" was captured in the fortress. But they failed to interrogate him - the Bashkir's tongue was torn out. From day to day, the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress are expecting an attack by Pugachev,
The rebels appear unexpectedly - the Mironovs did not even have time to send Masha to Orenburg. At the first attack, the fortress was taken. Residents greet Pugachevites with bread and salt. The prisoners, among whom was Grinev, are taken to the square to swear allegiance to Pugachev. The first to die on the gallows is the commandant, who refused to swear allegiance to the "thief and impostor." Under the blow of a saber, Vasilisa Yegorovna falls dead. Death awaits Grinev on the gallows, but Pugachev has mercy on him. A little later, Grinev learns from Savelich "the reason for the mercy" - the ataman of the robbers turned out to be the vagrant who received from him, Grinev, a hare sheepskin coat.
In the evening Grinev was invited to the “great sovereign”. "I have pardoned you for your virtue," Pugachev says to Grinev, "[...] Do you promise to serve me with zeal?" But Grinev is a "natural nobleman" and "swore allegiance to the empress." He cannot even promise Pugachev not to serve against him. “My head is in your power,” he says to Pugachev, “if you let me go, thank you, you will execute me - God is your judge.”
Grinev's sincerity amazes Pugachev, and he lets the officer go "on all four sides." Grinev decides to go to Orenburg for help - after all, Masha remained in a strong fever in the fortress, whom the priest passed off as her niece. He is especially worried that Shvabrin has been appointed commandant of the fortress, who has sworn allegiance to Pugachev.
But in Orenburg, Grinev was denied help, and a few days later the rebel troops surrounded the city. Long days of siege dragged on. Soon, by chance, a letter from Masha falls into the hands of Grinev, from which he learns that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him, otherwise threatening to give her over to the Pugachevites. Once again, Grinev turns to the military commander for help, and again receives a refusal.
Grinev with Savelich leave for the Belogorsk fortress, but they are captured by the rebels near the Berdskaya settlement. And again, Providence brings Grinev and Pugachev together, giving the officer a chance to fulfill his intention: having learned from Grinev the essence of the matter in which he was going to the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev himself decides to free the orphan and punish the offender.
On the way to the fortress, a confidential conversation takes place between Pugachev and Grinev. Pugachev is clearly aware of his doom, expecting betrayal primarily on the part of his comrades, he knows that he will not wait for "the Empress's mercy" either. For Pugachev, as for an eagle from a Kalmyk fairy tale, which he tells Grinev with “wild inspiration,” “than to eat carrion for three hundred years, it is better to drink living blood once; and there what God will give! " Grinev draws a different moral conclusion from the fairy tale, which surprises Pugachev: "To live by murder and robbery means to peck at the carrion for me."
In the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev, with the help of Pugachev, frees Masha. And although the enraged Shvabrin reveals deception to Pugachev, he is full of magnanimity: "Execute, execute, grant, grant, this is my custom." Grinev and Pugachev part “amicably”.
Grinev sends Masha as a bride to his parents, and he himself remains in the army due to his "duty of honor". The war "with robbers and savages" is "boring and petty." Grinev's observations are filled with bitterness: "God forbid seeing a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless."
The end of the military campaign coincides with the arrest of Grinev. Appearing before the court, he is calm in his confidence that he can justify himself, but Shvabrin slanders him, exposing Grinev as a spy dispatched from Pugachev to Orenburg. Grinev was convicted, shame awaited him, exile to Siberia for an eternal settlement.
From shame and exile, Grinev is saved by Masha, who goes to the queen to "ask for mercy." Walking through the garden of Tsarskoe Selo, Masha met a middle-aged lady. In this lady, everything "involuntarily attracted the heart and inspired confidence." Having learned who Masha was, she offered her help, and Masha sincerely told the lady the whole story. The lady turned out to be the empress, who pardoned Grinev in the same way as Pugachev once pardoned both Masha and Grinev.