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Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov - the great Russian poet
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov - the great Russian poet II half of XIX century. Turning to the topic of Russia, Pushkin and Lermontov saw the greatness of the people, the breadth of the Russian lands, but forNekrasov Russia is, above all, the peasantry, exhausted under the yoke of the landowners. Nekrasov's poetry is associated with the actions of the people against their oppressors. Nikolai Alekseevich's main character was a peasant - a simple Russian peasant, a breadwinner. By own expression Nekrasov, his Muse is the sister of a peasant woman:
Yesterday, at six o'clock,
I went to Haymarket;
There they beat a woman with a whip,
A young peasant woman.
Not a sound from her chest
Only the whip whistled, playing ...
And I said to the muse: “Look!
Your dear sister! "
Nekrasov sympathizes with the people, sympathizes with them, regrets them. How much pain is heard in the poem "In Dbrog" when a man tells the poet about his wife:
I'm not happy myself, sir:
Crushed by the villainess-wife ...
Nekrasov dedicated many poems to a simple Russian peasant woman:
Fate had three hard parts,
And the first share is to marry a slave,
The second is to be the mother of a slave son,
And the third - to obey the slave to the grave.
And all these formidable shares fell on the woman of the Russian land. The poet not only saw the hard lot of a Russian woman, but also talked about the proud type of the "stately Slav." He grieved about her fate, but was also proud of her beauty and strength:
In the game, the horse will not catch her,
In trouble, he will not shine - he will save.
He will stop a galloping horse,
It will enter the burning hut.
No wonder at the funeral of Nekrasov, two peasant women walked in front of the whole procession with a wreath "From Russian women."
Nekrasov draws heavy and gloomy pictures of folk life in his poems "On the Road", "Forgotten Village", etc.:
Nenila died; on a foreign land
The rogue neighbor has a hundredfold harvest ...
Nekrasov hated autocracy and loved common people. These motives sounded in his poem "Reflections at the front door", which was not allowed to print for five years. Herzen was the first to publish it in his Kolokol magazine. In this poem, Nekrasov calls the people to "wake up":
Where there are people, there is a groan ...
Eh, heart!
What does your moan mean
Endless:
You will wake up full of strength
Or, obeying the law of fate,
You have already done everything you could
Created a song like a moan
And spiritually rested forever?
Nekrasov in his works not only relied on Russian folk art, but also continued the traditions of Radishchev, Gogol, portraying the people realistically. He also uses the achievements of Turgenev, who in his "Notes of a Hunter" showed bright peasant portraits. "Orina, the soldier's mother", "Kalistrat" \u200b\u200band other poems reveal the spiritual image of the peasant. The poet worships the hard work of the people, appreciates their ingenuity, intelligence, breadth of soul, but he also highlights the other side - darkness, lack of education, the habit of slavery, servility of individual peasants. His poem " Railway"Nekrasov devotes to the work of the peasants. According to the general, the people are worthless and meaningless creatures, animals. But Nekrasov thinks differently. In his opinion, the people are the creator, creator of both spiritual and material values. Nekrasov calls the peasantry to action:
Will endure everything - and wide, clear
He will make a way for himself with his chest.
"Who Lives Well in Russia" is Nekrasov's poem about the people. In the eyes of the author, peasants are heroes. In this poem, Nekrasov told about all aspects of the life of the peasantry: the birth of a child, christening, wedding, funeral, labor, hunger, flogging, etc. The life of the peasants is poor and joyless. One of the heroes, Yakim Nagoy, speaks about this:
And did they measure our grief?
Is there a measure of work?
Wine brings down the peasant
Doesn't grief bring him down?
Doesn't work bring down?
The reason for the poverty is that there are three equity holders behind the peasant: God, the king and the master. The poet also shows the weaknesses of the people: humility, the desire to pour out his grief in a tavern.
Every peasant
Soul that black cloud -
Angry, formidable - and it should be
Thunders thunder from there,
To pour bloody rains
And everything ends with wine.
Nekrasov also condemns servility. He gives it a very precise characterization:
People of servile rank -
Real dogs sometimes:
The heavier the punishment
So much dearer to them, gentlemen.
Still, not all peasants are poor and downtrodden. There are those who are tired of living like this. These people are the strength of the people. The poet believed in just such peasants.
Many of Nekrasov's contemporaries wrote about the people. Their works taught to respect men. But Nekrasov for the first time creates works not only about the people, but also for the people. The poet calls on the people to revolution, to overthrow the landlords. His works are a monument to revolutionary-democratic poetry.
Creativity of the great Russian poetNekrasov - this is a whole era in the social development of Russian society 60-70s of the XIX century. The poet's work is multifaceted, who urges "not to be shy for the dear fatherland" and knows that the native people will win themselves happiness. Nekrasov prophetically foresaw "a wonderful time." His works entered the treasury of Russian literature. The problems of concern not only to Nekrasov, but also to Russian society, were revealed in many of the poet's works. The heir to Pushkin and Lermontov, Nekrasov brought poetry closer to the life of working people. Nekrasov reached a poetic height in the early forties, at a difficult time when serfdom became unbearable for the Russian people. Nikolai Alekseevich was a realist poet. His poems, the first in Russian poetry, with sharp directness revealed to the readers the pictures of the life of the people. The poet portrayed a squalid Russian village, its sadness and poverty. The works echoed the suffering common manbecause they felt hatred for the oppressors.
Nekrasov's poems were successful, because the people felt that there was no poet like Nekrasov in Russia. He pronounced nationwide. a verdict to the autocracy, expressed his love for the people and a bright faith in the wonderful future of the Motherland.
The poet of revolutionary peasant democracy yearned for a revolutionary storm that would destroy the world of lawlessness. The poet's thoughts were always addressed to the people, to the homeland.
The heyday of the poet's creativity belongs to the sixties of the nineteenth century. In this difficult time, the poet showed the problems of the Russian people, dedicated many poems to the Motherland and people. Also in early period creativity Nekrasov found that the words "homeland", "land" for him absorbingsubject ... It is difficult to imagine any poem by Nekrasov, in which there would be no Russian nature and Russian people. "Yes, only here can I be a poet!" - he exclaimed, returning from abroad. The foreign land never attracted him. The poet did not make a single attempt to renounce for a short time "from the song, inspired by the blizzards and blizzards of his native villages."
The poet was in awe of the Motherland. He cordially depicted the village, peasant huts, the Russian landscape: “again she, my native land, with its green, blessed summer ...” From that ardent love for the Motherland, for its great people and amazing nature, poetry grew, which is our wealth.
The poet was rooting for the fate of Russia and called for work on transformation into a "mighty and omnipotent" country. The poet highly appreciated his activity in the struggle for the happiness of the Motherland among the Russian people. Nekrasov was guessing great role Russia: "Rus will show that there are people in it, that there is something to come ..." The poet sends a curse to the oppressors of the people - "the owners of luxurious chambers."
Nekrasov was a singer of the people, a plowman and lovingly portrayed a peasant walking behind a plow. And the poet saw how hard his life was, he heard the peasant moaning, how his incessant longing spreads with a groan over the endless expanse of meadows and fields. The poet's sorrow for the hard life of the peasants translates into breathtaking lyricism, into sympathy for the enslaved people. A number of individual episodes in Nekrasov turns into a broad picture of serfdom. "Forgotten Village" - this title refers not so much to the village as to the whole country.
There is a lot of longing and sadness in Nekrasov's poetry, she absorbed a lot of human tears and grief: there are also tears in hermothers about the son, and the complaints of the offended and offended. But there is in
Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a truly national poet and a truly Russian person, who loves Russia with all his heart and with all his soul, appreciates and knows her like his own mother. Great in creativityNekrasov subject Russian nature. The poet grew up in nature, was brought up by her, knew all her affection and kindness, and therefore, it seems to me, had the right to speak of her as a nativemothers .
In the poem On the Volga, Nekrasov describes his childhood. Memories of this tender age are inseparable from the poet with memories of the nature of those places where he spent his young years:
I grew up, like many, in the wilderness,
By the banks of a big river
Where the waders only cried
The reeds rustled dully ...
The lines of this poem, in which the author confesses his love to the Great River, are unusually touching:
Oh Volga!., My cradle!
Did anyone love you as I do?
Nekrasov speaks of the river as a cradle, and the reeds rustle for him with a lullaby, soothing song.
From this poem it is clear that the poet does not think of himself separately from Russian nature, he is entirely in it and with his love multiplies its beauty. The reader simply cannot resist the sincerity with which the author confesses his love to his native nature, and he himself involuntarily falls in love with this beauty as much as Nekrasov, just as tenderly and disinterestedly.
Glorious autumn! Frosty nights
Clear quiet days ...
There is no disgrace in nature! And kochi,
And moss swamps, and stumps -
All is well under the moonlight
I recognize my native Russia everywhere ...
In love with Russian nature, Nekrasov sees in it such subtle, beautiful elements, such simple and at the same time important things that are invisible to the eye of a person who is not in love with this grace and beauty.
My favorite forest babbled to me:
Believe me, there is no dearer heaven!
Nowhere breathes more freely
Native meadows, native fields ...
Nekrasov does not want to see and does not see another Rus, he knows and loves it this way: beautiful, abundant, dear. She cannot be ugly.
Nekrasov's poems, which deal with nature, are unusually light, they are written as if on a breath, are optimistic and strong in their optimism. Although N. A. Nekrasov was a realist and in his work the life of the Russian people was realistically and perhaps even brutally described (for example, the work "Who Lives Well in Russia?", Where even the title of the poem speaks of the seriousness and insolubility of the question), in spite of everything, his lyrics and all his work are imbued with optimism and the belief that love and goodness will prevail.
The theme of Russian nature is intertwined with the depiction of folk life. Developing together, these themes become inseparable for the poet. So Nekrasov's love for the Motherland certainly grows into love for his native nature and gratitude and devotion to the Russian people.
It is impossible not to pay attention to the linguistic features of Nekrasov's lyrics. The language of his works is unusually simple and close to the folk, it is not for nothing that Nekrasov is recognized as a true folk poet. “There are not many words, but they are so accurate that they mean everything,” Nikolai Gogol said about the work of Alexander Pushkin, but, in my opinion, these words are applicable to the work of Nikolai Nekrasov. It seems to me, however, that the achievement of such a simplicity of the language was given to the author very difficult, since this simplicity is worth a lot and it takes a lot of work.
The image of Russian nature drawn by Nekrasov is highly characteristic. She can be different: affectionate and cruel, but the poet loves her in all forms. For Nekrasov, nature is an animated object, it is a friend and a mother, it is that enduring, kind that gives the poet hope for the future, inspires him, supports him in difficult times. Russian nature is a part of Mother Russia, which Nekrasov loves cordially, and when a person loves, he is not ashamed or afraid of anything.
ON. Nekrasov. A word about the poet "
(literature lesson in grade 10)
Lesson objectives: to consolidate the skill independent work with scientific and popular science texts; assimilation of theoretical concepts; development of interest in the subject.
Equipment: textbooks, prepared projects, slide presentations, portraits of the poet, audio recordings.
During the classes
- Organizing time.
- Teacher's word.
- The poem "Am I driving down the dark street at night ..."
Whether I'm driving along a dark street at night
I will hear the storms on a cloudy day -
A defenseless friend, sick and homeless,
Suddenly, your shadow flashes before me!
The heart will shrink with painful thought.
Since childhood, fate disliked you:
Poor and angry was your gloomy father,
You went to get married - loving another.
Your husband is unkind to you:
With a frenzied disposition, with a heavy hand;
I did not submit - you went free,
Yes, she didn’t agree with me either ...
Do you remember the day, how sick and hungry,
I was discouraged, exhausted?
In our room, empty and cold,
The steam from the breath went in waves.
Do you remember the mournful sounds of trumpets
Splashes of rain, semi-light, semi-darkness?
Your son cried, and cold hands
You warmed him with your breath.
He did not stop - and a piercing call
There was his cry ... It was getting darker;
He cried a lot and the child died ...
Poor girl! Do not pour reckless tears!
With grief and hunger tomorrow we both
We will also fall asleep deeply and sweetly;
The owner, with a curse, will buy three coffins -
They will be brought together and laid in a row ...
We sat gloomily in different corners.
I remember you were pale and weak
The innermost thought was ripening in you,
There was a struggle in your heart.
I dozed off. You left silently
Dressed up as if to a crown.
And an hour later brought it hastily
A coffin for a child and dinner for a father.
We have satisfied our painful hunger
A light was lit in a dark room
They dressed the son and put him in a coffin ...
This poem, published in 1847, in the magazine "Library for Reading", made famous the young poet, who, despite his noble origin, at the beginning of his journey led the life of a poor man who was forced not only to make his way in the literary field, but and earning their daily bread is sometimes very hard work. A contemporary wrote about him: "His nature was iron ..."
Today we will talk with you about the life and work of the great Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov.
2. The teacher writes on the board the topic of the lesson, the dates of birth and death of the writer and gives the floor to the historical commentary group, which answers the questions:
What historical events was the writer witnessing?
In what years did his creativity flourish?
Who from outstanding people ON. Did Nekrasov communicate?
Students identify a range of dates and events that answer the first question.
Then the group of the historical commentary reveals the content of the reference synopsis “Historical era. Development of literature, art and science in the second half of the 19th century. "
The conclusion-generalization high school students write in a notebook: “Nikolai Nekrasov was a participant and witness of many important historical events. The historical situation was very complex and contradictory, which could not but affect the views of Nekrasov. "
3. The teacher gives the floor to a group of biographers who tell:
About childhood, years of study and disasters;
About work at Sovremennik;
About the main period of literary creation.
A group of poetry lovers works in parallel with a group of biographers.
The teacher completes the work of the group of biographers.
Teacher's word. Not every Russian poet, according to critic D.I. Pisarev, "can be sure that Living Russia knows and loves him." Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, no doubt, belongs to the select few: the people not only recognized and loved his poetry, but in a certain sense "appropriated" it, absorbing it into their own song-lyric element.
(The song "Korobushka" from the Nekrasov poem "The Peddlers" is played)
As noted by the well-known non-secularist N. Skatov, "Nekrasov is a people's poet not only because he spoke about the people, but because the people told them."
Conclusion-generalization: “Poet, prose writer, editor-publisher and public figure, Nekrasov subdued his creative life high task serving Russia and its people ”.
4. The teacher gives the floor to a group of romantics who talk about the role of women in the life of N. A. Nekrasov:
Fyokla, who became Zinaida (Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova).
A group of poetry lovers works in parallel with the group of romantics.
The group's work is complemented by a slide presentation.
Conclusion - generalization: “Nekrasov wrote about love in a new way. Poetising the ups and downs of love, he did not ignore the "prose" that is "inevitable in love." A new image of an independent heroine has appeared in his poems ”.
5. The teacher gives the floor to a group of biographers, who finish their work with a report on the last days of N.А. Nekrasov.
6. The teacher gives the floor to a group of art critics who conduct an extramural tour of Nekrasov's places (Karabikha, Chudovo).
The tour is accompanied by a slide presentation.
7. The word of the teacher.
An entire era of Russian poetry is associated with the name of Nekrasov. His work is the next stage in its history after Pushkin and Lermontov. Once upon a time, among the Russian democratic intelligentsia, there were fierce debates: who is higher - Nekrasov or Pushkin? Today, time has put everything in its place. Namely: Pushkin is no match for Nekrasov. Nekrasov strikes the reader's heart harder and harder than Pushkin. Balmont also rightly noted that Nekrasov is “a poet who reminds us that while we are breathing here, there are people who are suffocating. Of course, it's easier for us, calmer, not to think about the suffocating ones at all. " That is why we love some poets, such as Pushkin, for example, and respect others, such as Nekrasov, more. And this is probably true.
The teacher offers homework on an optional basis:
1. Make a chronological table of the life and work of N.А. Nekrasov.
2. Write a mini-essay "My meeting with Nekrasov."
I don't like your irony
Leave her obsolete and not alive
And you and I, who loved so dearly,
Still the remnant of feeling preserved, -
It's too early for us to indulge in it!
Still shy and tender
You wish to extend the date
While still boiling in me rebelliously
Jealous worries and dreams
Do not rush the inevitable denouement!
And without that it is not far away:
We boil harder, full of the last thirst,
But in my heart there is a secret cold and longing ...
So the river is more turbulent in autumn,
But the raging waves are colder ...
Statements:
“O my mother, I will move you!
You saved the living soul in me! " (N.A. Nekrasov)
“Few are able to respect the dignity of a woman so deeply, few are capable of such tenderness of feeling ...” (N.G. Chernyshevsky)
“Why are you indestructible in your soul,
A dream of love that knows no end ... ”(N.A. Nekrasov)
"From love to a woman, all the most beautiful things on earth were born."
A waltz sounds, candles are lit.
Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov ...
When we pronounce this name, the lines come to mind: “You can not be a poet, but you must be a citizen”, “I dedicated my lyre to my people”, “You are Russian, a woman’s share, it is hardly more difficult to find”. We are accustomed to the fact that Nekrasov is a poet-citizen, a democrat, a poet of the humiliated and disadvantaged, whose truthful word called for the fight against evil, called for good and justice.
But today we will look at the poet's work in a slightly different way, try to talk about how the poet showed us the image of a woman, a peasant woman, a mother, a beloved and loving woman. And, of course, let's start our conversation with the mother, an amazing woman who had a beneficial effect on the life and work of the poet. From childhood until the end of his days, he remembered her with love and gratitude.
Elena Andreevna, an educated woman with developed spiritual needs, a singer with an amazing voice.
“As the old people remembered about her: short, white, weak, kind, good lady.”
She was unhappy married to a rude, barely literate tyrant.
Her suffering image is captured in the poems "The Knight for an Hour", "Unhappy", "Bayushki-Bai", "The Recluse", in the unfinished poem "Mother".
And if I filled my life with struggle
For the ideal of goodness and beauty,
And carries the song that I have composed,
Living love deep features -
Oh my mother, I will move you!
You saved the living soul in me!
Once, in 1841, returning from St. Petersburg to his parental home, Nekrasov was in a hurry to the wedding of his sister Elizabeth, and ended up at the funeral of his suddenly deceased mother, without having time to see her.
Against the background of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata. | At the stove where you lie, dear, Night. Moonlight floods the earth, the church, the graves, the poet is full of sad thoughts. See me, dear! With a head open to the storms of life, Yes, I see you, pale face, I'm not afraid of friends of regret |
It is from his love for his mother that his ardent sympathy for the serfs goes.
Let's turn to the poem "On the Road". The content is a simple, artless story of the driver about a family tragedy. His wife, the serf girl Grusha, was brought up in a noble house. She is not accustomed to those inhuman hardships, to that hard labor that was the lot of a peasant woman. Suddenly, at the whims of the young master, Grusha was expelled from the master's house and married to a serf. The extremely harsh living conditions, moral suffering of the heroine make her existence unbearable and lead to an untimely grave.
(Excerpt from the poem "On the Road").
This thought continues in another poem by Nekrasov - "Troika".
Here the poet admires the captivating beauty of a Russian peasant girl who dreams of happiness and love. But a different fate is in store for her.
The depth of the content and the power of artistic charm led to the spread of the poem as a folk song.
(The romance “Why are you eagerly looking at the road” performed by Ivan Surzhikov is played).
The cordiality, sincerity and depth of feelings of a Russian peasant girl are also shown in the poem "The Peddlers". Waiting for a lover, longing for him, pure love the bride Katerinushka, who preferred a “turquoise ring” to all generous gifts, is shown in this work. Let's listen to an excerpt from the poem, which has become one of the most popular folk songs.
("Peddlers" performed by Nadezhda Kadysheva).
In the work of Nekrasov, the image of a woman is shown in many ways: these are both beauties-peasant women and women-workers.
But these are women who are capable of a feat in the name of love, women who do not live in need, rich, noble, faithful to marital duty, refusing class and property privileges, women of nobility.
We learn about this by reading the poem "Russian women".
The wives of the Decembrists Volkonsky, Trubetskoy, Davydov, Muravyov and others challenged Nicholas I, against his wishes went to Siberia.
The poet wrote two parts, each of which can be called a poem: "Princess Trubetskaya" (1871) and "Princess Volkonskaya" (1872). Willingness to condemn oneself to all the hardships of the life of a convict's wife, self-denial, endurance - these are all features inherent in Ekaterina Ivanovna Trubetskoy.
(Display of portraits of Trubetskoy and Trubetskoy on the computer).
(Staging an excerpt from the poem "Princess Trubetskaya").
Another image of a Decembrist woman, the wife of Sergei Grigorievich Volkonsky, Maria Nikolaevna, is no less vividly shown.
(Display of portraits on the computer).
In 1827 she followed her husband to Siberia, leaving her young son Nikolai in St. Petersburg. The child soon died.
Nekrasov bows before her, who sacrificed everything for her husband, for love.
We will listen to an excerpt from the poem (Beethoven's “Moonlight Sonata” sounds).
The charming image of a woman of the second quarter of the last century shines even now in the unfading light of the old days.
Now I want to reveal one more page of our evening.
The poet, who admired women of all classes, who worshiped them all his life, of course, could not help but love and be loved. Let's talk about love in the poet's life, try to understand what role this high, bright feeling played in his life.
In the early forties N.A. Nekrasov met Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva (Bryanskaya).
(Displaying a portrait on a computer).
From early childhood to last days fate treated her cruelly. She suffered a lot from the heavy despotic nature of her parents, especially her mother, a gambler and a tyrant.
“Nobody caressed me, and therefore I was very sensitive to caresses,” she recalled. She married at eighteen. Her husband, Ivan Ivanovich Panaev, who is fond of worldly pleasures, soon after his marriage lost interest in his wife. She forgave him a lot, hoping that he would come to his senses. But that didn't happen.
Nekrasov, however, did not leave the hope to conquer the heart of this woman.
How long have you been tough
How you wanted to believe me
And how I believed and hesitated again,
And how I fully believed.
(Happy day! I distinguish it
In a family of ordinary days;
From him I count my life, -
I celebrate it in my soul!
Nekrasov wrote in the poem "Yes, our life was rebellious.")
Nekrasov began to visit the Panaevs' house more and more often. From the fall of 1845, he dropped in on them almost every day, and a year later he settled with them in the same apartment. The relationship between Nekrasov and Panaeva was not legalized by a church marriage, since at that time it was almost impossible to obtain permission for a divorce. Avdotya Yakovlevna became the common-law wife of Nekrasov in the highest and best sense of the word. However, rumors and gossip around the "illegal" marriage did not stop for a very long time.
Panaeva constantly helped Nekrasov in his work. Together they wrote the novels "Three countries of the world", "Dead Lake" and others.
Avdotya Yakovlevna had a son from the poet, who was legally considered the son of Panaev. The boy died soon after. This was already the third child she lost. The poet wrote to Turgenev: “The poor boy died. Until now I can’t cope with myself. ” Nekrasov was deeply worried about Avdotya Yakovlevna. She fell ill and went abroad to be treated for sea baths. Her mood was depressed, her nerves were shattered:
A face without thought, full of confusion
Dry, strained eyes -
And it seems like the dawn of renewal
A tear will never sparkle in them.
During this period, the circumstances of Nekrasov's personal and social life were quite difficult, the disease worsened, which greatly affected his already difficult character. Nerves lost, he became irritated over trifles. In order to somehow dissipate, the poet went to Moscow and lived at Botkin's dacha. Avdotya Yakovlevna went after him, but soon returned after one of the next quarrels.
In Nekrasov's notebook there is an entry:
“Without oaths and social coercion, I did everything in the name of love, which I can only do loving woman. " But soon she returned.
A difficult year - an illness broke me
Trouble overtook - happiness has changed -
And neither the enemy nor the friend spares me,
And even you did not spare!
Tormented, bitter by the fight
With your blood enemies
Sufferer! You are standing in front of me
A lovely ghost with crazy eyes!
Hair fell to the shoulders
The lips are burning, the cheeks are blushing,
And unbridled speech
Merges into terrible accusations ...
Nekrasov's health is deteriorating. He writes to Turgenev: "Tell me, will you like these verses?"
Long ago rejected by you
I walked along these shores
And, full of a fateful thought,
Instantly rushed to the waves;
They kindly cleared up ...
I stepped on the edge of the cliff -
Suddenly the waves darkened menacingly,
And a secret fear confused me! ...
Later, - full of love and happiness,
We often went here,
And you blessed the waves
Those who rejected me then ...
Now alone, forgotten by you,
Through many fatal years
I wander with a slain soul
Again at these shores,
And the same thought comes again
And I stand on the cliff
But the waves don't threaten harshly
And they beckon to their depths.
Turgenev replied: "Your poems are simply Pushkin good - I immediately learned them from memory."
Nekrasov's brother Fyodor Alekseevich had a quarrel with Avdotya Yakovlevna's brother over money. During a quarrel, Fyodor Alekseevich insulted Avdotya Yakovlevna so much that she decided to break up with Nekrasov. Recalling the quarrels with Panaeva and her reproaches, the poet would later write:
You and I are stupid people ...
In a minute, the flash is ready!
Relief of an agitated chest
An unreasonable harsh word.
Speak when you're angry
Everything that excites and torments the soul!
Let us, my friend, be angry openly:
The world is easier and more likely to get bored.
If prose in love is inevitable
So let's take a share of happiness from her:
After a fight so full, so tender
Return of love and affection ...
But still, the discord gave a crack in the relationship: they either lived, then they parted.
The final break occurred in 1863. Avdotya Yakovlevna married the writer Golovachev, gave birth to a daughter and devoted herself entirely to her upbringing. But the happiness did not last long: soon her husband died.
The appearance of this far from ordinary woman and over the years did not fade in the noble memory of the poet. Almost ten years after they parted, he wrote:
And another woman in the life of the poet is Zina, the daughter of a deceased private (chief - officer) Viktorov, and her real name is Fyokla Onisimovna.
Nekrasov called her a more euphonious name - Zina.
She was a young, cheerful woman, from whom there was a spirit of kindness and deep affection for the poet.
She appeared in the house of Nekrasov in the late 60s. She was 19 years old.
Zina possessed moral authority in the eyes of the poet, and this is possible only with moral sensitivity and responsiveness on her part.
Often Nekrasov, broadcasting some episode from village life, would tell her affectionately: "Zina, come out, please, I must say a bad word." And she, smiling softly, left for a few minutes. "
The poet looked at his relationship with her seriously, she was not an accidental hobby for him.
No wonder he dedicated his poem "Grandfather" and three poems to her.
Nekrasov strove to educate her, invited teachers, and studied a lot with her himself.
This woman loved horse riding, hunting, fishing.
It was she who had to console, support the sick poet in last years... Pain tormented him. When they stopped, he summoned Zinaida Nikolaevna, sat down next to him and conducted a heartfelt conversation with her. His stern face was transformed, his eyes shone with gentle sadness.
Move your pen, paper, book!
Dear friend! I heard a legend:
Chains fell from the shoulders of the ascetic,
And the dead ascetic fell.
Help me to work, Zina!
Labor has always given me life.
Here's another beautiful picture -
Write it down before I forget!
Don't cry furtively! - Trust the hope
Laugh, sing, as you sang in the spring,
Repeat to my friends as before,
Every verse you wrote down.
Say that you are happy with a friend:
In the triumph of victories
Over his painful illness
Your poet has forgotten about death!
Zinaida and Anna Alekseevna Butkevich, the poet's beloved sister, looked after the sick Nekrasov. Zinochka, who was younger and had a harder time sleeping, sat down on the floor and stared at the lighted candle:
Two hundred days already, two hundred nights
My torment continues;
Night and day in your heart
My groans echo
Two hundred days already
Two hundred nights!
Dark winter nights ...
Zina! Close your weary eyes!
Zina! Sleep!
The sick, almost dying Nekrasov - unexpectedly for all those close to him - decided to marry Zinaida Nikolaevna.
Maybe the poet wanted to “at least outwardly thank his friend who was burnt out on the fire of unselfish love” (but, perhaps, something else: to legally formalize her rights to inheritance).
A year before the wedding, in May 1876, realizing that there was not long to live, Nekrasov wrote a poem and dedicated it to Zina.
You still have the right to live
I walk quickly towards the end of days.
I will die, my glory will fade,
Do not be surprised and do not grieve about her!
Know, child: for her long, bright light
Do not burn in my name, -
The struggle prevented me from being a poet,
Songs prevented me from being a fighter.
(The music “Waltz about Waltz” is played.)
I want to end the evening with the words of N.G. Chernyshevsky about Nekrasov: "Few are able to respect the dignity of a woman so deeply, few are capable of such tenderness of feeling."
In the poet we see a new attitude towards women, respect for her moral rights, recognition of equality between lovers.
N.A.Nekrasov can be deservedly called a revolutionary poet. He was one of the founders of social poetry, for which there are no taboo topics. In his work, Nekrasov devotes great sensitivity to the theme of the poet's destiny. He believes that being a poet is a sacred lot, a debt. And the debt is primarily civilian. This idea is central to the poem "The Poet and the Citizen". This is where the famous lines come from:
You may not be a poet
But you must be a citizen.
The citizen furiously convinces the Poet that he needs to devote his genius to serving the fatherland:
Go into the fire for the honor of the fatherland,
For beliefs, for love.
Go and perish perfectly.
You will not die for nothing: the matter is solid,
When blood flows underneath.
This is a direct call for revolution, for rebellion at all costs. But the Poet does not accept this position, he is afraid to "pay with his head." The muse appears to him less and less, pale and sad. And for a long time, fiery speeches are not born from the once sharp pen. It is impossible, of course, to identify the author with the Poet. Nekrasov was never afraid to openly show his views.
This poem expresses the desire of Nekrasov to put poetry at the service of the people. However, this is felt in all his creations.
Nekrasov is known as a singer of the common people. He is always ready to intercede for the oppressed, humiliated, suffering Russian peasant. All of his most famous works - "Who Lives Well in Russia", "Frost, Red Nose", "Railroad", "Reflections at the Front Entrance" - are dedicated to the hard lot of the Russian people who groan in mines, at construction sites, in prisons, at the front porches and in their own crumbling houses. "Peasant happiness" is only a speculative concept that does not exist in real life. Nekrasov asks for his native land:
"Give me a monastery wherever a Russian peasant moans."
And he himself answers that there is not a single corner on earth where the common people would not be oppressed. Perfectly aware of this, Nekrasov believes that his only and most true mission is to tirelessly utter this and call for the destruction of old foundations, the construction of a bright future. For these seditious ideas, censorship often prohibited the publication of Nekrasov's works. Nevertheless, sooner or later they were published anyway and were well received by both critics and the general public. Belinsky highly appreciated Nekrasov's work and called him a true poet.
N. A. Nekrasov thinks about his own Muse a lot. For him, this is not at all a beautiful fairy with wings behind her back and a harp, fluttering and tuning into a lyrical mood. No, for Nekrasov it is "The Muse of Revenge and Sorrow". Her head is decorated with a crown of thorns. She is sad and at the same time merciless. She alone is the intercessor of the weak, the disadvantaged and the denouncer of the oppressors. Sensing the imminence of death, the poet turns exactly to his Muse, tormented and pale. He says he was honest with himself and others and never betrayed his inspirer.
The image of the Muse in Nekrasov's poetry is invariably intertwined with the image of a Russian peasant woman. The poet again and again turned to this image dear to his heart. He is especially dazzlingly captured in the poem "Frost, Red Nose". Daria, a simple Russian lady, is impeccably beautiful in every way. She is patient, hardy, hardworking, strong in spirit. She is unmatched in work or fun. She is proud but not arrogant. Smart, but taciturn. She is also good on the outside, attracts a lot of gaze, but at the same time remains a faithful and devoted wife. Here is a real "type of stately Slav", which is so dear to Nekrasov.
This is, to some extent, the poet's debt - not to let this vivid image fade away, to revive it on the pages of books.
Nekrasov, thus, reflecting on the poet's destiny, expresses love for the people in his poems, declaring that the posed problem of creativity is a struggle for the future, when the Russian people will no longer suffer under an unbearable yoke. How can a poet fight? Only by the power of your genius, your word. Who inspires him to fight? "Muse of revenge and sorrow".
In one of the last poems, Nekrasov speaks very clearly about the purpose of his work, to which he devoted his whole life:
I was called to sing of your suffering,
Patience amazing people!
And throw at least a single ray of consciousness
On the path that God leads you ...
The poet dreamed of sowing, albeit rare, seeds of enlightenment on the people's soil. It is not for nothing that in several of his poems the image of a sower appears before us. For Nekrasov, this is a symbol of an enlightener, a person who sows knowledge. Alas, the poet is well aware that he will not be able to see whether these grains will sprout ("It's a pity - neither I nor you will have to exist in this wonderful time"). But the hope that this wonderful time will come sooner or later does not leave the author and helps him to create. Nekrasov is heartbroken for the Russian people. And the best thing he can do is write tirelessly about him, protesting against his oppressors. In Nekrasov's understanding, this is the highest destiny of the poet and poetry.
Feb 09 2014
N.A.Nekrasov can be deservedly called a revolutionary poet. He was one of the founders of social poetry, for which there are no taboo topics. In his, Nekrasov pays great attention to the theme of the poet's destiny. He believes that being a poet is a sacred lot, a duty. And the duty is primarily civil.
This idea is central to the poem "The Poet and the Citizen". This is where the famous lines come from: You may not be a poet, But you must be a citizen. The citizen furiously convinces the Poet that copying is prohibited 2005 to devote his genius to serving the fatherland: Go into the fire for the honor of the motherland, for beliefs, for love. Go and perish perfectly. You will not die for nothing: the case is solid, When blood flows under it. This is a direct call for revolution, for rebellion at all costs. But he does not accept this position, he Fears"Pay with your head."
The muse appears to him less and less, pale and sad. And for a long time fiery speeches are no longer born from the once sharp pen. It is impossible, of course, to identify the author with the Poet. Nekrasov was never afraid to openly express his views.
This poem expresses the desire of Nekrasov to put poetry at the service of the people. However, this is felt in all his creations. Nekrasov is known as a singer of the common people. He is always ready to intercede for the oppressed, humiliated, suffering Russian peasant. All of his most famous works - "Who Lives Well in Russia", "Frost, Red Nose", "Railway", "Reflections at the Front Entrance" - are dedicated to the hard lot of the Russian people who groan in mines, at construction sites, in prisons, at the front porches and in their own crumbling houses.
"Peasant happiness" is a purely speculative concept that does not exist in real life. Nekrasov asks for his native land: "Give me a monastery wherever a Russian peasant groans." And he himself answers that there is not a single corner on earth where the common people would not be oppressed. Perfectly aware of this, Nekrasov believes that his only and most true mission is to tirelessly talk about this and call for the destruction of old foundations, the construction of a bright future.
For these seditious ideas, censorship often prohibited the publication of Nekrasov's works. Nevertheless, sooner or later they were published anyway and were well received by both critics and the general public. Belinsky highly appreciated Nekrasov and called him a true poet. N. A. Nekrasov thinks about his own Muse a lot. For him, this is not at all a beautiful fairy with wings behind her back and a harp, fluttering and tuning into a lyrical mood. No, for Nekrasov this is "The Muse of Revenge and Sorrow."
Her head is adorned with a “crown of thorns”. She is sad and at the same time merciless. She alone is the intercessor of the weak, the disadvantaged and the denouncer of the oppressors.
Sensing the imminence of death, the poet turns precisely to his Muse, tormented and pale. He says he was honest with himself and others and never betrayed his inspirer. Muses in Nekrasov's poetry are invariably intertwined with the image of a Russian peasant woman. The poet again and again turned to this image dear to his heart.
He is especially vividly captured in the poem "Frost, Red Nose". Daria, a simple Russian woman, is impeccably beautiful in every way. She is patient, hardy, hardworking, strong in spirit. She is unmatched in work or fun. She is proud but not arrogant.
Smart, but taciturn. She is also good in appearance, attracts many eyes, but at the same time remains a faithful and devoted wife. Here is the true "type of stately Slav", which is so dear to Nekrasov.
It is also, to some extent, the poet's duty - not to let this vivid image fade, to revive it on the pages of books. Nekrasov, thus, reflecting on the poet's destiny, expresses love for the people in his poems, declaring that the goal of creativity is the struggle for the future, when the Russian people will no longer suffer under an unbearable yoke. How can a poet fight? Only by the power of your genius, your word. Who inspires him to fight?
"Muse of revenge and sorrow." In one of the last poems, Nekrasov speaks very clearly about the purpose of his work, to which he devoted his whole life: I was called to praise your sufferings, Patience amazing people! And throw even a single ray of consciousness On the path that God leads you ... The poet dreamed of sowing, albeit rare, seeds of enlightenment on the people's soil. It is not for nothing that in several of his poems the image of a sower appears before us. For Nekrasov, this is a symbol of an enlightener, a person who sows knowledge. Alas, the poet is well aware that he will not be able to see whether these seeds will sprout (“It's a pity - neither me nor you will have to live in this wonderful time”).
But the hope that this wonderful time will come sooner or later does not leave the author and helps him to create. Nekrasov sincerely cares for the Russian people. And the best thing he can do is write tirelessly about him, protesting against his oppressors.
In Nekrasov's understanding, this is the highest destiny of the poet and poetry.
Need a cheat sheet? Then save - "N. A. Nekrasov on the appointment of the poet and poetry. Literary works!For the Sowers Nikolay Nekrasov
Sower of the title to the people's field! Do you find the soil barren, are your seeds thin? Are you timid at heart? are you weak in strength? Labor is rewarded with frail sprouts, Good little grain! Where are you, skillful, with cheerful faces, Where are you, with full of life koshnitsy? Labor sowing timidly, grains, Move forward! Sow reasonable, kind, eternal, Sow! The heartfelt Russian people will thank you ...
Analysis of Nekrasov's poem "Sowers"
The image of a cultivated fertile arable land, called the lexeme "cornfield", is one of the dominants of the Nekrasov landscape. The lyrical hero, who understands the way of ingenuous village life, is glad to contemplate the "ears of endless fields", the guarantor of peasant well-being. For this reason, the image of a field sown with bread is endowed with epithets with positive semantics, emphasizing the beauty and abundance of the "amber grain", the gift of the land-nurse.
A passionate appeal to people of advanced views sounds in the literary text of 1876. The poet calls them a generalized category of "sower", which goes back to Pushkin's heritage. Nekrasov's hero does not share the intonation of doom and bitter disappointment declared by the lonely "sower of freedom", and seems to defend his position in an absentee dispute.
Optimistic attitude and conviction in the need for active action - distinctive features the position of the lyrical "I" of Nekrasov's creation. The confident and enthusiastic speaker is disturbed by doubts of a different kind: he is alarmed by the low efficiency of the work of the educators. Considering the reasons for the unfavorable phenomenon, the author again resorts to the tested parallel, comparing the high social mission with peasant labor. The artistic technique formed the basis of numerous metaphors with similar semantics of agricultural work. Bad soil, bad seeds and seedlings, lack of quality grain - all this vocabulary serves to denote different aspects of the unsatisfactory performance of activists.
The series of rhetorical questions devoted to the analysis of failures is replaced by another series, which testifies to the lack of "skillful" and "vigorous" personnel. The poetic text ends with an aphoristic appeal to real enthusiasts. Its form is enriched by a complex of homogeneous substantivized adjectives denoting the essence of a noble mission.
NL Nekrasov on the appointment of the poet and poetry.
NL Nekrasov can deservedly be called a poet-revolutionary. He believes that being a poet is a sacred lot, a duty. And the duty is primarily civil. "The Poet and the Citizen".
You may not be a poet
But you must be a citizen
The citizen furiously convinces the Poet that he needs to devote his genius to serving the Fatherland. But the Poet does not accept this position, he is afraid to “pay with his head”. The muse appears to him less and less, pale and sad. And for a long time no more fiery speeches from under the once sharp pen of fiery speeches. It is impossible, of course, to identify the author with the Poet. Nekrasov was never afraid to openly express his views.
This poem shows Nekrasov's desire to put poetry at the service of the people.
Nekrasov is known as a singer of the common people. He is always ready to put in a good word for the oppressed, humiliated Russian peasant. All of his most famous works - "Who Lives Well in Russia", "Frost, Red Nose", "Railway", "Reflections at the Front Entrance" - are dedicated to the hard lot of the Russian people who groan in mines, at construction sites, in prisons, at the front porches and in their own crumbling houses. "Peasant happiness" is a purely speculative concept, which does not exist in faeal life. Nekrasov asks: "Tell me a monastery where a Russian peasant would not moan?" And he himself answers that there is not a single corner on earth where the common people would not be oppressed. Nekrasov believes that his only and surest mission is to talk tirelessly about this and call for the destruction of the old foundations. For these seditious ideas, the censorship constantly forbade the publication of Nekrasov's works. Nevertheless, sooner or later they were published anyway and were well received by both critics and the general public. Belinsky highly appreciated the work of Nekrasov and called him a true poet.
N. A. Nekrasov thinks about his own Muse a lot. For him, this is not a beautiful fairy, fluttering and tuning into a lyrical mood. No, for Nekrasov it is "The Muse of Revenge and Sorrow". Her head is decorated with a crown of thorns. She is sad and at the same time merciless. She alone is the intercessor of the weak, the disadvantaged and the denouncer of the oppressors.
Sensing the imminence of death, the poet turns precisely to his Muse, tormented and pale. He says he was honest with himself and others and never betrayed his inspirer.
The image of the Muse in Nekrasov's poetry is invariably intertwined with the image of a Russian peasant woman. The poet again and again turned to this image dear to his heart. He is especially vividly captured in the poem "Frost, Red Nose". Daria, a simple Russian woman, is impeccably beautiful in every way. She is patient, hardy, hardworking, strong in spirit. She is unmatched in work or fun. She is proud but not arrogant. Smart, but taciturn. She is also good in appearance, attracts many eyes, but at the same time remains a faithful and devoted wife. This is the true "type of stately Slav", which is so dear to Nekrasov.
This is also, to some extent, the poet's duty - not to let this vivid image fade, to resurrect it on the pages of books.
Nekrasov's work, therefore, has three main directions: the purpose of the poet, reflections on the Muse and great love for the people. Nevertheless, these directions are closely intertwined and lead to one goal. This goal is to fight for the future, when the Russian people will no longer suffer under an unbearable yoke. How can a poet fight? Only by the power of your genius, your word. Who inspires him to fight? "Muse of honor and sorrow".
Nekrasov himself, in one of his last poems, speaks very clearly about his purpose, to which he devoted his whole life:
I was called to sing of your suffering,
Patience amazing people!
And throw a single ray of consciousness
On the path that God leads you ...
The poet dreamed of sowing at least rare seeds of enlightenment on the people's soil. It is not for nothing that in several of his poems the image of a sower appears before us. For Nekrasov, this is a symbol of an enlightener, a person who sows knowledge. Alas, the poet is well aware that he will not be able to see whether these seeds will sprout (“It's a pity - neither I, pi you, will have to live in this wonderful time”). But the hope that this wonderful time will come sooner or later does not leave the author and helps him to create.
Nekrasov sincerely cares for the Russian people. And the best thing he can do is write tirelessly about it, expressing his protest against the oppressors. In Nekrasov's understanding, this is the highest destiny of the poet and poetry.