The verb is not personal or impersonal. Face as a morphological feature of a verb

Personal and impersonal verbs differ in relation to the category of the person, grammatical compatibility and role in the sentence.

Personal verbs make up the majority of Russian verbs. These verbs are capable of changing according to persons: read (read, read, read), speak (speak, speak, speak), push (push, push, push), etc. They have a full set of conjugated and non-conjugated grammaticals possible for the Russian verb. forms. In a two-part sentence, personal verbs play the role of a simple verbal predicate and are combined with nominative subject (the teacher reads the book).

Impersonal verbs (dusk, unwell, lacking) are verbs that do not combine with the subject and are used as the main member of one-part impersonal sentences: Children should learn; In January it got colder. Impersonal verbs denote the state of nature: it is light, dawn, dusk, or living beings: chills, unwell, nauseous; they also express various modal meanings: befitting, should, as well as the measure of the presence of something: lacking, enough (not enough).

The set of grammatical forms of impersonal verbs is incomplete - they have no change in persons and numbers, only the endings of the 3rd person are used singular present and future tense: chills, twists, will be lacking, as well as the neuter singular of the past tense: purzhilo and the subjunctive mood: should. In the composite forms of the verbal predicate, the infinitive forms are also used: It is getting light; It will start to get colder.

In addition to impersonal verbs, in modern Russian there are special impersonal verbal forms of "ordinary" (personal) verbs, formed using the inflectional postfix -sya / -s: I can't sleep, nanny ... (P.); the form to sleep is an impersonal form of the verb to sleep. Wed See also: Works well here (<— работать). От безличных глаголов следует отличать и безличное употребление спрягаемых форм некоторых личных глаголов; ср.: Роза пахнет нежно и сладко (обычное употребление спрягаемой формы личного глагола пахнуть). — В комнате пахнет розами (безличное употребление той же глагольной формы); также: Река шумит. — В ушах шумит.

Modern Russian literary language / Ed. P. A. Lekanta - M., 2009.

Whoever looks at the Impersonal Verb will immediately determine that it has some kind of imperfect appearance. But if you turn to him for clarification, he will immediately answer:

I personally think ...

The impersonal Verb has the right to personally count: after all, he is the main member of the sentence. When the campaign for the reduction of the propositional apparatus began, he was the first to express his willingness to work without the Subject. Since then, the Impersonal Verb is the only main member of the sentence, and its word is obligatory for everyone: from the Direct Complement to the last dot.

The Impersonal Verb has two Supplements on the staff. One follows his direct instructions, the other - indirect. Additions have Definitions with them, and those, in turn, judging by the circumstances that are with them, are also called upon to play an important role in the proposal.

But the Impersonal Verb rules everything individually. He is not interested in collective thought, he does not listen to it at all. The minor members have long been accustomed to the arbitrariness of the Impersonal Verb and do not even try to criticize it. The Indirect Addition is usually expressed on all sorts of abstract issues, and the Direct, although it finds the courage to express itself with all directness, somehow it always turns out that it complements the main member of the sentence more than opposes it. As for the other minor members, the Definitions agree in all respects with the Appendices, and the Circumstances are adjacent to the Definitions.

The Impersonal Verb does not change, and nothing can be done about it. Still would! He is an important person, he works without the Subject!

ROOT

The root has disappeared to the moisture to REMOVE.

All other parts of the word remained in place: both the Prefix YOU, and the Suffix OU, and even the End Tb, known for its instability. And the Root disappeared.

It was the ancient Root IM, which for centuries existed in the most varied words of our language: HAVE, REMOVE, LIFT, and many others. It was also preserved in the imperfect form of the verb REMOVE. And disappeared somewhere during the formation of a perfect species.

Strange improvement! - the End sarcastically about this. - I feel that soon I will have to work for everyone.

You're not right! - the Prefix interrupted him. - Maybe something happened to Root.

Something happened to everyone. We know these things. But I warn you, don't count on me.

I already have enough work.

Well, well, - Suffix said conciliatoryly. - No need to quarrel. One thing is clear: from now on we must do without the Root.

We have to replace it, - suggested the Prefix. - I used to denote only movement from within, - but now I will take on an additional commitment.

Me too, ”said the Suffix. - From now on, I will mean not only the instant of action. And you, the End? Will you really stay on the sidelines?

And to me that, - the ending shrugged. - I'm here temporarily ...

But End's help was not needed. The prefix and the Suffix got down to business together and successfully replaced the Root of the word.

At first glance, you can't even tell that there is no Root in the word REMOVE.

Repetition: Verb

Control questions and tasks

1. Give the definition of the verb.
2. List the conjugated verbs. Why are they called that?
3. What is the peculiarity of verb conjugation give, eat? Can they be classified as multi-conjugate? Why?
4. Give 2-3 examples of transitive and intransitive verbs.
5. In what mood do verbs change in tenses?
6. How is the conditional mood formed? How to spell a particle would with verbs? Where can she be?
7. In what forms are imperative verbs used? What other forms of the verb can be used to express a motivation to action? Give examples.
8. What you need to know about the spelling of the soft sign in the imperative mood of verbs?
9. What verbs are called impersonal? Give examples.

585. Dictation from words with unverifiable orthograms, the spelling of which was studied in the "Verb" topic.

586. Based on the materials in § 88-96, draw up a complex outline of the message about the verb as part of speech. Tell about it according to the plan, give examples.

587. Group verbs with not on the basis of: a) personal verbs; b) impersonal verbs. Determine their inclination.

1. On the stove (do not) be brave, and in the field (do not) be brave. 2. (Don't) poke your nose into the water without knowing the ford. 3. Today (not) melts, but tomorrow who knows. 4. The eye sees, but the tooth (does not) take it. 5. For whom 3 is not pursued, that 3 and (not) runs. 6. I want to eat, but I (do not) want to climb out of the stove 1.

(Proverbs)

588. Read the poem. What is its main idea? Write down 5-6 phrases that reveal the author's thought. What are the types of spelling in place of gaps and brackets.

I love you, Peter's creation,
I love your stern, slender look,
Neva d..rusty t..chenie,
Coastal her group.
Your fences are a chugu pattern (n, nn) \u200b\u200bth,
Of your brooding nights
Transparent (?) Ny dusk, shine bezlu (n, nn) \u200b\u200bth,
When I'm in the room, my
I write, I read without an icon lamp,
And 1 sleeping gr..madas are clear
Empty (n, nn) \u200b\u200bth streets, and sv..tla
Admiralty needle.
And, not letting the darkness go at night (?)
On gold n..esses,
One z..rya see ... thread the other
Sp .. sewn, giving the night .. (half) an hour.

Verbs in the present and future tense of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood have a variable morphological sign of the face.

Face indicates the manufacturer of the action.

Form 1 of the person indicates that the producer of the action is the speaker (alone or with a group of persons): go, go.

Form 2 of the person indicates that the producer of the action is the listener / listeners: go, go, go, go.

Form 3 of the person indicates that the action is carried out by persons not participating in the dialogue, or by objects: go, go, let go / go.

Forms 1 and 2 of the person in the absence of a subject can indicate that the action is attributed to any manufacturer (see generalized personal one-piece sentence: The quieter you go, the further you'll get).

From the point of view of attitude to the morphological category of a person, verbs can be divided into personal and impersonal.

Personal verbs denote actions that have a producer, and can act as predicates of two-part sentences ( I'm sick).

Impersonal verbs denote an action that has no producer ( Dusk), or an action that is thought of as happening against the will of the subject ( I'm not feeling well). These are states of nature ( It is getting dark), person ( I'm shivering) or a subjective assessment of the situation ( I want to believe it). Impersonal verbs cannot be predicates of two-part sentences and act as the main member of a one-part impersonal sentence.

Impersonal verbs have a limited number of forms:

In the past tense of the indicative mood and in the conditional mood, the impersonal form coincides with the form of the neuter singularity. numbers: dawn (would);

In the present / future tense of the indicative mood, the impersonal form coincides with the form of the 3rd person singular. numbers: dawn, dawn;

In the imperative mood, the impersonal form coincides with the form of the 2nd person singular. numbers: Light up early, I would get up early (figurative use of the imperative mood in the meaning of the conditional).

Most impersonal verbs also have an infinitive form, but some impersonal verbs do not even have it, for example: The task should be done in advance (verb to follow in the infinitive it does not matter the obligation).

Personal verbs can also appear in an impersonal form (cf .: The wave washed away the boat. - The wave washed away the boat.). This happens when the action itself is more important for the speaker than its producer.

In the indicative mood, the morphological sign of a person is expressed by personal endings and, if there is a subject in the sentence, it is a concordant category: personal pronouns i and we require the formulation of the verb in the 1-person form, personal pronouns you and you require the use of the verb in the 2nd person, the rest of the pronouns and all nouns, as well as the words that act as a noun, require the use of the verb in the form of the 3rd person.

Conjugation

Conjugation - this is a change in the verb for persons and numbers.

The endings of the present / simple future tense are called personal endings a verb (since they also convey the meaning of a person).

Personal endings depend on the conjugation of the verb:

If the personal endings of the verb are stressed, then the conjugation is determined by the endings. So, the verb sleep refers to the II conjugation ( h-ish), and the verb drink - to I conjugation ( drink-eat). To the same conjugation are derived from them prefixed verbs with unstressed endings ( drink-eat).

If the endings are unstressed, then the conjugation is determined by the form of the verb infinitive: к II conjugation all verbs in - go, Besides shave, lay down, build upas well as 11 exceptions: 7 verbs in - eat (watch, see, endure, twirl, depend, hate, offend) and 4 verbs in - at (hear, breathe, drive, hold). The rest of the verbs refer to I conjugation.

In the Russian language there are verbs in which some of the personal endings refer to the first conjugation, and some to the second. Such verbs are called multi-conjugate... it want, run, honor and all the verbs formed from the given ones.

Verb to want has endings of I conjugation in all singular forms. numbers and endings of II conjugation in all plural forms. numbers.

Verb run away has the endings of II conjugation in all forms, except for the 3rd person plural. numbers where it has an I conjugation ending.

Verb honor can either be multi-conjugate, or refer to the II conjugation, which depends on the form of the 3rd person of the plural. the numbers honor / honor.

In addition, there are verbs, some of the personal endings of which are not represented in either I or II conjugations. Such verbs have particular conjugation. it there is and give and all educated from them ( eat, pass), as well as verbs related to origin data ( get bored, create). They have the following endings:

Most verbs have all possible face and number forms, but there are also verbs that do not have at all or usually do not use certain forms. So, for verbs win, find yourself, weird there are no forms of 1 person unit. numbers, for verbs crowd, group, scatter forms of unit are not used. numbers, for verbs foal, crystallize - Forms 1 and 2 faces.

List the conjugated verbs. Why are they called that?
What is the peculiarity of verb conjugation give, eat? Can they be classified as multi-conjugate? Why?
Give 2-3 examples of transitive and intransitive verbs.
How is the conditional mood formed? How the particle is spelled would with verbs?
What you need to know about the spelling of the soft sign in the imperative mood of verbs?

In what forms are imperative verbs used? What other forms of the verb can be used to express a motivation to action? Give some examples.
In what mood can verbs end only in -ite, and in which - on -you and you? Why?
In what mood do verbs change in tenses?
When letters are written o - e and s - and in suffixes -ova - (- eva-) and -yva - (- willow-)?

527 ... Dictation from words with unverifiable orthograms, the spelling of which was studied in the "Verb" topic.

528 ... Read § 80-88. Make an elaborate outline for communicating the verb as part of speech. Tell about the verb for this outline, giving your examples.

529 ... Write out verbs with not by groups: 1) personal verbs, 2) impersonal verbs. Determine their inclination.

(Proverbs.)

530 ... Write down, underline intransitive verbs. What are the types of spelling in place of gaps and brackets. With the help of which single-root members is the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe fragment of the poem revealed - "I love you, Peter's creation"?

My Fatherland Russia

(A. Pushkin.)

531 ... Write down first the verbs in the indefinite form, then in the 2nd person singular of the indicative mood and, finally, in the 2nd person of the imperative mood.

Burn (?), Sunbathe (?), Key (?), Touch (?) Xia 2, provide (?) Those, attract (?), Multiply (?), Bake (?), Cut (?) Xia, come (?), whispering (?) Xia, angry (?) Xia, rook (?), take care (?) Xia, comrade (?), smear (?), burn (?) Xia, do not disturb (?) clearing (?), ivy (?), hide (?) you.

532 ... Remember the types of spelling studied in the topic "Verb", and write down 3-4 words each with these spelling, indicating the conditions for their choice. In case of difficulty, refer to the list of learned spelling on the endpapers of the textbook.

533 ... Fill the table " E and and in word endings ”with examples. Verbally indicate on what conditions the choice of letter depends e or and.

534 ... Make a table "Letters oh e and e in the endings of words after hissing. " In the columns, place the letters horizontally, and the parts of speech vertically to the left. In what types of spelling are these spellings found?

535 . Dictation... Indicate the conjugation of the verbs. Which of the selected verbs is transitive and which is intransitive?

What you love ... what you breathe ...
What your soul is full of,
Then in the voice you can hear ...
Then in a song remember.
And we sing about the homeland,
With which so much is connected
With which so much passed
Good and different!
The hard thing is forgotten ...
The good remains.
What will come true with the homeland,
And then it will become with the people.

(I. Utkin.)