What made the author so famous, what was his path like, and why is his work “Winter is Angry for a Reason” still on everyone’s lips? Perhaps the answers to all these questions lie in the biography of the author, in the twists and turns of his fate, and, perhaps, also in the personal life of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev himself. In any case, in order to answer all these questions, you need to familiarize yourself with both the short biography of the poet and writer, and one of his most popular works.
Tyutchev was one of the few who really sincerely and sincerely loved his native state, never forgot about it, even while living in a foreign land - perhaps this became another factor for his works to become so sincere, filled and close to understanding for the simple for a Russian person in his world and for a foreigner to understand the Russian soul.
Important details of the biography of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev
In the Tyutchev family, on December 5, one thousand eight hundred and three, a joyful event for the whole family and a long-awaited event for its individual members took place - an heir was born, whom they decided to call by the old Russian name Fedor. The boy was born in the family estate in the most favorable conditions for living, and at first he studied here - all this helped him from an early age to receive a decent education, which in those years was available only to the wealthiest citizens. Here Fyodor Ivanovich also showed a boundless craving for quality education - the boy read avidly and without respite absolutely everything that came to hand, and, thanks to his teacher and main mentor, the boy also showed interest in fiction, which he could read for a long time in the evenings, sitting on the veranda or in a library chair.
Tyutchev’s love for literature led him to become interested in Latin in his very early years - and here he was helped by his teacher, who fully supported the student’s interest, helped him master the basics and even go deeper into the subject, and helped him so much that already at a fairly young age At an early age, Fedor translated odes and other serious works by foreign authors, and did it skillfully and with the skill inherent in him since childhood.
The craving for creativity in Tyutchev’s life manifested itself in the very early years, and this became the first bell, informing everyone around him about the extraordinary mentality of the young guy, as well as about his obvious genius. In addition to his thirst for education, Tyutchev had an amazing memory, which helped him remember all the important details not only from childhood, but also from his entire subsequent, rather difficult, life.
In the early years of Tyutchev, education was popular mainly among the stronger sex - and, most likely, this is what motivated the parents, who so persistently attracted the young man to study, because an intelligent and educated person had the opportunity for a great future, had his own opinion on everything that happened around and was considered a worthy member of high society. But even without parental control, the boy learned faster than his peers, which is why his successes were noticed even at the beginning of his journey.
Fyodor Ivanovich considered home education for himself only the initial stage of a long and difficult path, and already in 1817 Moscow University accepted the genius of his time as a volunteer at lectures on Russian literature. It is here that he not only receives a lot of valuable knowledge in the amount that he considers acceptable for himself, but also gets acquainted with a lot of interesting fields that completely share his interests in the field of literature, self-development and writing. Here he becomes a member of a community of interests, the main direction of which is Russian literature, and he is accepted here with an open soul - the writer’s talent is appreciated in all circles at once.
Here, in a foreign land, Fyodor Ivanovich meets his first wife Eleanor, with whom he promises to be by his side in both sorrow and joy. Unfortunately, fate itself prevented a happy family life from happening. Once, during a trip from St. Petersburg to Turin, the ship on which the Tyutchev family was traveling suffered a serious wreck. In the rescue operation, everyone who was on the ship became direct participants - they say that the Tyutchev family was saved by Ostrovsky himself, who, by chance, also found himself in this travel. A gentle and weak woman could hardly bear such extreme stress, and very soon after arriving home, Eleanor became very ill. Very little time passed before the sad moment of her death, which occurred right before the writer’s eyes - they say that Fyodor Ivanovich’s hair became senile gray overnight, and the stress that he experienced from the death of his wife is difficult to compare with other shocks throughout his life.
Despite this sad event, Fyodor Ivanovich did not lose interest in life - very soon he introduced his new wife Ernestine, with whom, according to contemporaries, his affair began long before the death of his first wife. It is interesting that Ernestina also lost her husband quite early - he died from an unpleasant, but very common disease at that time, and bequeathed Tyutchev to look after his wife. Perhaps it was their common grief that brought two lonely people so close together, and this is what gave them a chance for a happy future together.
Despite a successful and truly rapidly developing career, in 1839 Fyodor Ivanovich was forced to leave his service abroad and go to the country that he loved so dearly and so often praised in his works. Here he was caught by both the real Russian winter, which he missed so much on the trip, and the warmest, brightest spring, which Fyodor Ivanovich speaks of with such warmth and all-consuming love.
Poem by Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev “Winter is angry for good reason”
No wonder winter is angry, Its time has passed -
Spring is knocking on the window
And he drives him out of the yard.
And everything started to fuss,
Everything forces Winter to get out -
And larks in the sky
The ringing bell has already been raised.
Winter is still busy
And he grumbles about Spring.
She laughs in her eyes
And it just makes more noise...
The evil witch went crazy
And, capturing the snow,
She let me in, running away,
To a beautiful child...
Spring and grief are not enough:
Washed in the snow
And only became blusher
Against the enemy.
The poem “Winter is angry for a reason” was written by Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev just at a time when the writer traveled a lot around the world. It shows everything that a Russian person needs and wants to see, who misses his beloved homeland with all his heart. In the poem, Tyutchev convinces the reader that such a beautiful early spring can only happen in his native country - here there are both spring drops and long-awaited warmth.
It is interesting that the seasons in this poem by Tyutchev are presented in bright and lively images - each season has its own, special character, which is fully consistent with the weather at that time of year. Winter is an evil witch who frightens with her severe frosts, covers cities with snow and hides them from human eyes, and spring is a young charmer who does nothing but smile and have fun.
Such images are pleasant and easy to understand for any resident of our country, regardless of age - children easily remember lines from the work, because the poem itself resembles a good fairy tale with a happy ending, and adults get the opportunity to plunge into the world of childhood and innocence, when everything was still easy and understandable.
Of course, Tyutchev left behind a simply colossal legacy, which is of interest today to a wide variety of categories of citizens. Among his works there is a wide selection of directions that are available to anyone:
Landscape lyrics
Love lyrics
Civil lyrics
The memory of the writer not only does not decrease, but every year it becomes more global - Fyodor Ivanovich is immortalized in a variety of monuments, entire alleys and streets are named after him, and schoolchildren enjoy reading his works, which are an invariable and integral part of the school curriculum.
Thanks to the actions that Fyodor Ivanovich performed during his life, the memory of him and his work are always alive in the hearts and souls of his admirers and connoisseurs of his work.
Great ones about poetry:
Poetry is like painting: some works will captivate you more if you look at them closely, and others if you move further away.
Small cutesy poems irritate the nerves more than the creaking of unoiled wheels.
The most valuable thing in life and in poetry is what has gone wrong.
Marina Tsvetaeva
Of all the arts, poetry is the most susceptible to the temptation to replace its own peculiar beauty with stolen splendors.
Humboldt V.
Poems are successful if they are created with spiritual clarity.
The writing of poetry is closer to worship than is usually believed.
If only you knew from what rubbish poems grow without shame... Like a dandelion on a fence, like burdocks and quinoa.
A. A. Akhmatova
Poetry is not only in verses: it is poured out everywhere, it is all around us. Look at these trees, at this sky - beauty and life emanate from everywhere, and where there is beauty and life, there is poetry.
I. S. Turgenev
For many people, writing poetry is a growing pain of the mind.
G. Lichtenberg
A beautiful verse is like a bow drawn through the sonorous fibers of our being. The poet makes our thoughts sing within us, not our own. By telling us about the woman he loves, he delightfully awakens in our souls our love and our sorrow. He's a magician. By understanding him, we become poets like him.
Where graceful poetry flows, there is no room for vanity.
Murasaki Shikibu
I turn to Russian versification. I think that over time we will turn to blank verse. There are too few rhymes in the Russian language. One calls the other. The flame inevitably drags the stone behind it. It is through feeling that art certainly emerges. Who is not tired of love and blood, difficult and wonderful, faithful and hypocritical, and so on.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
-...Are your poems good, tell me yourself?
- Monstrous! – Ivan suddenly said boldly and frankly.
- Do not write anymore! – the newcomer asked pleadingly.
- I promise and swear! - Ivan said solemnly...
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. "Master and Margarita"
We all write poetry; poets differ from others only in that they write in their words.
John Fowles. "The French Lieutenant's Mistress"
Every poem is a veil stretched over the edges of a few words. These words shine like stars, and because of them the poem exists.
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
Ancient poets, unlike modern ones, rarely wrote more than a dozen poems during their long lives. This is understandable: they were all excellent magicians and did not like to waste themselves on trifles. Therefore, behind every poetic work of those times there is certainly hidden an entire Universe, filled with miracles - often dangerous for those who carelessly awaken the dozing lines.
Max Fry. "Chatty Dead"
I gave one of my clumsy hippopotamuses this heavenly tail:...
Mayakovsky! Your poems do not warm, do not excite, do not infect!
- My poems are not a stove, not a sea, and not a plague!
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky
Poems are our inner music, clothed in words, permeated with thin strings of meanings and dreams, and therefore, drive away the critics. They are just pathetic sippers of poetry. What can a critic say about the depths of your soul? Don't let his vulgar groping hands in there. Let poetry seem to him like an absurd moo, a chaotic pile-up of words. For us, this is a song of freedom from a boring mind, a glorious song sounding on the snow-white slopes of our amazing soul.
Boris Krieger. "A Thousand Lives"
Poems are the thrill of the heart, the excitement of the soul and tears. And tears are nothing more than pure poetry that has rejected the word.
Subject: F. I. Tyutchev “Winter is angry for a reason.”
Target: introduce students to the biography and work of F. I. Tyutchev; remember the main distinctive features of winter and spring; develop speech; cultivate a love for nature and respect for it.
Equipment: portrait of a poet; exhibition of books with Tyutchev's works.
Lesson Plan
- Org. moment.
- Speech warm-up.
- Updating knowledge. Checking homework.
- Lesson topic message.
- New material.
- Physical exercise.
- Independent work.
- Lesson summary. Commenting on ratings
- Homework.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
Greetings. Checking readiness for the lesson.
2. Speech warm-up.
We learn a pure phrase (first the teacher reads aloud, then the children repeat it in chorus).
Na-na-na-spring has finally come.
Lo - lo - lo - it's warm outside.
Ka-ka-ka - our river overflowed.
Spruce - spruce - spruce - drops are dripping from the roof.
Whose - whose - whose - there are streams in the street.
Rain - rain - rain - the spring rain is pouring.
3. Checking homework.
Repetition of the material covered in the previous lesson.
4. Communicating the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Today in class we will get acquainted with the biography of F.I. Tyutchev and his work « It’s not for nothing that winter is angry.” Let's find out how the poet imagined winter and spring.
5. New material
First, let's get acquainted with the biography of the poet (there is a portrait hanging on the board). F.I. Tyutchev was born on December 5, 1803 in an old noble family, on the Ovstug estate in the Bryansk district of the Oryol province. He received his first education at home under the guidance of poet Semyon Raich. Then he studied at Moscow University, after which he worked at the Russian embassy in Munich. He held the service in Turin. Thanks to his travels, his work includes hundreds of works in which he describes interesting events. He began writing his first poems at the age of 15. Thanks to his acquaintance with A.S. Pushkin, his poems were published in famous magazines. And in 1850 his first collection of poems was published. In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the foreign censorship committee. He died on July 15, 1873 in Tsarskoe Selo and was buried in St. Petersburg.
The teacher invites the children to get acquainted with the exhibition of books with the works of F.I. Tyutchev during recess.
Working on a poem(the teacher reads it by heart).
No wonder winter is angry,
Her time has passed -
Spring is knocking on the window
And he drives him out of the yard.
And everything started to fuss,
Everything forces Winter to get out -
And larks in the sky
The ringing bell has already been raised.
Winter is still busy
And he grumbles about Spring.
She laughs in her eyes
And it just makes more noise...
The evil witch went crazy
And, capturing the snow,
She let me in, running away,
To a beautiful child.
Spring and grief are not enough:
Washed my face in the snow
And she only became blusher,
Against the enemy.
Vocabulary work(words are written on the board).
- boring
- pealing
- contrary to
What seasons appear in the poem?
How did the poet characterize them?
What is the relationship between winter and spring?
Do you think there could have been a different outcome of the struggle?
(Krymov's painting "Winter Evening")
Preparing for expressive reading(we look for pauses, put logical emphasis, determine the pace of reading, tone).
How many stanzas are there in a poem? (five)
How many long pauses? (four)
No wonder winter is angry,
Her time has passed -
Spring is knocking on the window
And he drives him out of the yard.
- Why is Winter angry?
Choose synonyms for the word “ no wonder"(Not in vain, not in vain).
Read the last 2 lines, explain how you understand them. (Spring time is very close).
What are the main words in this part? (No wonder Spring has passed and is on its way.)
And everything started to fuss,
Everything forces Winter to get out -
And larks in the sky
The ringing bell has already been raised.
Explain the meaning of the statements “everything is fussing”, “everything is boring”
What are the main words? (Fussed, annoying, larks)
Pay attention to the last two lines, they very often contain voiced sounds “zh, v, n, b”, they allow us to hear the singing of birds.
Winter is still busy
And he grumbles about Spring.
She laughs in her eyes
And it just makes more noise...
Read the words that convey the mood of Winter and Spring (fussing, grumbling, laughing, making noise).
What words do you think fall under logical stress?
How is Spring noisy? (Streams, the sound of the wind, bird calls).
Find a synonym for the word more? (Stronger)
Children read stanzas 4 and 5 independently.
The evil witch went crazy
And, capturing the snow,
She let me in, running away,
To a beautiful child.
Spring and grief are not enough:
Washed my face in the snow
And she only became blusher,
Against the enemy.
Read the words that prove Winter's opposition. (She got furious and let her run away.)
What does the poet call Winter? Spring?
How did Spring react to Winter's mischief?
Synonym for the word "in spite of"? (out of spite)
Why is Spring a young girl and Winter an old woman?
6. Physical education minute
We clap our hands, clap, clap (clapping overhead)
We stomp our feet, stomp, stomp (raise our knees high)
Shaking our heads (move your head back and forth)
We raise our hands, we lower our hands (hands up, hands down)
We squat low and we stand up straight (sit down and jump)
Hands down, on your side.
Unclench it into a fist
Hands up and into a fist
Unclench it to the side
Get up on your toes
Squat and stand up
Feet together. legs apart.
Preparing for expressive reading.
Before you start the poem, imagine the image of the main characters.
Students read the poem aloud in quatrains, taking turns.
7. Independent work.
Write down action words in your notebook that characterize winter and spring (work on options). Examination.
8. Lesson summary.
What work did you come across?
What changes in nature have we learned about?
What else did you learn?
Evaluate students.
9. Homework.
Learn the verse by heart. In your notebook, depict your favorite character from the poem.
Analysis of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev’s poem “It’s not for nothing that Winter is angry...”
To help language teachers and secondary school students.
1.
Fyodor Tyutchev
Winter is angry for a reason (1836)
No wonder winter is angry,
Her time has passed -
Spring is knocking on the window
And he drives him out of the yard.
And everything started to fuss,
Everything forces Winter to get out -
And larks in the sky
The ringing bell has already been raised.
Winter is still busy
And he grumbles about Spring:
She laughs in her eyes
And it just makes more noise...
The evil witch went crazy
And, capturing the snow,
She let me in, running away,
To a beautiful child...
Spring and grief are not enough:
Washed in the snow
And only became blusher
Against the enemy.
2.
A little about the poet
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803 - 1873)
Russian poet, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1857). Tyutchev's spiritually intense philosophical poetry conveys a tragic sense of the cosmic contradictions of existence.
Born on November 23 (December 5, n.s.) in the Ovstug estate, Oryol province, into an old noble family of the middle estate. My childhood years were spent in Ovstug, my youth were connected with Moscow.
Home education was supervised by the young poet-translator S. Raich, who introduced the student to the works of poets and encouraged his first poetic experiments. At the age of 12, Tyutchev was already successfully translating Horace.
In 1819 he entered the literature department of Moscow University and immediately took an active part in its literary life. After graduating from the university in 1821 with a candidate's degree in literary sciences, at the beginning of 1822 Tyutchev entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. A few months later he was appointed an official at the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich. From that time on, his connection with Russian literary life was interrupted for a long time.
Tyutchev spent twenty-two years abroad, twenty of them in Munich. Here he got married, here he met the philosopher Schelling and became friends with G. Heine, becoming the first translator of his poems into Russian.
Tyutchev's poetry first received real recognition in 1836, when his 16 poems appeared in Pushkin's Sovremennik.
In 1844 he moved with his family to Russia, and six months later he was again hired to serve in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The talent of Tyutchev, who so willingly turned to the elemental foundations of existence, itself had something elemental; It is highly characteristic that the poet, who, by his own admission, expressed his thoughts more firmly in French than in Russian, wrote all his letters and articles only in French and all his life spoke almost exclusively in French, to the most intimate impulses of his creative thought could only be expressed in Russian verse; several of his French poems are completely insignificant. The author of "Silentium", he created almost exclusively "for himself", under the pressure of the need to speak out to himself. However, the indication of “the correspondence of Tyutchev’s talent with the life of the author,” made by Turgenev, remains indisputable: “... his poems do not smell like composition; they all seem written for a certain occasion, as Goethe wanted, that is, they are not invented, but grew on their own, like fruit on a tree."
3.
In the poem by F.I. Tyutchev “It’s not for nothing that Winter is angry...” five stanzas of four lines each - a total of twenty lines. Rhyme - cross: "angry - knocking" - the first and third lines rhyme; “It’s time to get out of the yard” - the second and fourth. Size - iambic trimeter.
The artistic effect of the poem is achieved with the help of various tropes: personification, metaphors, epithets, comparisons, contrasts (antithesis).
Winter is personified with an evil witch, Spring with a beautiful child.
The words “Winter” and “Spring” are written as proper names, with a capital letter, which makes these seasons living heroines of the poem, acting independently and differently, having their own character.
Winter is angry with Spring, who knocks on her window and drives her out of the yard. Therefore, Winter is forced to grumble about Spring and worry about being in the yard.
And how can Winter’s grumbling and troubles be expressed? In early spring, snowstorms and night frosts are possible
Winter cannot stand Spring’s laughter, her actions, and runs away in a rage, finally throwing either a heavy snowball at Spring, or bringing down an entire avalanche of snow on her.
Spring is the month that not only follows Winter, but also seems to emerge from Winter, so it is not as opposed to Winter as it is. let's say summer, and in connection with this there is still no deep antithesis in these two concepts.
The opposition (antithesis) in this text can be such concepts as “evil witch” (Winter) and “beautiful child” (Spring) and two emotions - the anger of Winter and the laughter (joy) of Spring.
In addition to the “evil witch”, the poems also give another synonym for this concept - the “enemy” of Spring.
However, these synonyms are not explicit, but contextual, since two non-synonymous concepts are metaphorically brought together precisely in this context.
Winter perceives Spring as an enemy and treats Spring as an enemy. Spring does not quarrel, but asserts its legal right to change the seasons, so full of young forces that attract it to rapid development.
No matter how much we love Winter, the author inclines the reader’s sympathies to the side of Spring, especially since Winter is trying to offend the beautiful child, and this is not in her favor.
Undoubtedly, children can be playful and mischievous - this is how Spring is given in this work - but these are not meaningless pranks, this is a natural necessity.
Literally “everything” is on Spring’s side - after all, “everything is fussing, everything is forcing Winter out.” “Everything” is nature awakening from winter sleep, emerging from winter torpor. All processes occurring at this moment in the bowels of the earth, in tree trunks, in the life of birds are active and rapid. Larks report this with a “raised ringing of bells.”
In its own way, Spring is delicate: it warns of its arrival by “knocking on the window,” that is, it knocked on Winter’s door before entering the boundaries that no longer belong to it. “Drives from the yard”... - the verb “drives” is given here as a synonym for the verb “nudges,” that is, directs, hurries, forces you to go in a certain direction.” Obviously, Spring does not allow itself to be rude towards Winter.
Winter cannot be held back by any obstacles: brave Spring (“laughs in your eyes”) brought with it the singing of birds, the ringing of drops, the sound of streams, and this noise becomes more and more “more powerful.” Thus, the text of the poem is filled with the most diverse sounds of early spring.
The weapon of Winter's battle, snow, Spring, like a true philosopher-sage, despite her youth, takes it to her advantage: “she washed herself in the snow and only became blusher...”
With the help of a picture of an unequal battle (the outcome of which is predetermined) of an old witch and an amazing rosy-cheeked baby, Tyutchev gives a picture of the changing seasons in the spirit of the metaphorical ideas of our ancestors who professed paganism - a bright, dynamic picture, because so many transformations are happening before our eyes:
And everything started to fuss,
Everything forces Winter to get out -
And larks in the sky
The ringing bell has already been raised.
It is interesting that the metaphor “And everything began to fuss” can take us to the ancient Slavic holiday of Lark, which actually falls on March 22 – the day of the vernal equinox. It was believed that on this day larks returned to their homeland, and other migratory birds followed them. On this day, children with gingerbread larks in their hands walked with their parents into the field and chanted:
"Larks, come!
Drive away the cold winter!
Bring warmth to spring!
We're tired of winter
She ate all our bread!”
The visual range of the verse, along with the sound, carries the reader into all this spring chaos.
The last confrontation of Winter is expressed with the help of the richest metaphors: “It’s not for nothing that Winter is angry,” “its time has passed,” Spring is knocking on the window and driving out of the yard.” Let’s try to indicate all the metaphors in this amazing poem, and we will make sure that they are present in each line. That is, the metaphor of spring is both each quatrain individually and the entire work as a whole. The entire poem from beginning to end is one expanded metaphor, which makes it unusually rich in both form and content.
A distinctive technique of this verse is the abundance of verbs of active action: “angry”, “passed”, “knocking”, “drives” - in the first stanza; “fussed”, “boring”, “raised” - in the second stanza; “fussing”, “grumbling”, “laughing”, “making noise” - in the third; “got mad”, the gerund “grabbing, “let go”, the gerund “running away” - in the fourth quatrain; “washed”, the linking verb “became” - in the fifth. It is not difficult to calculate that the number of verbs and verbal forms (two gerunds in the presence of fifteen verbs) were distributed among the stanzas in the following order: 4, 3, 4, 4, 2. In the last quatrain there are only two verbs that characterize only Spring, since Spring has won and Winter is no longer in the yard.
All these seventeen verbs and verb forms formed the metaphors of this verse in such abundance.
And the author no longer needed a large number of epithets - there are only three of them: “evil” (“evil witch” is an inversion, reverse word order, characterizing Winter even more deeply, despite the fact that the logical stress also highlights the epithet “evil”), “beautiful " ("beautiful child" - direct word order) and the comparative degree of the adjective "blush" in a compound nominal predicate ("became ruddy" - reverse word order).
4.
The presence of the author’s attitude to what is happening in the poem “Winter is angry for a reason” is obvious, but it is expressed not with the help of the first person (the author, as a lyrical hero, as it were), but with the help of other, already indicated means. The author likes how the “beautiful child” “laughs”, how cheerful it is (“Spring and grief are not enough” - a phraseological unit that forms a metaphor in the context of the verse), not afraid of the cold (“washed itself in the snow”), how healthy and optimistic it is ( "And she only blushed in defiance of the enemy." All the author's sympathies are on the side of Spring.
Thus, the glorification of Spring became a glorification of ebullient energy, youth, courage, freshness, and the energy of iambic trimeter fit here perfectly.
5.
It is unlikely that such a description of Winter will ever be found in Russian landscape lyrics: Winter, as a rule, in Russian folk songs and in literary adaptations of folklore is a hero, although sometimes harsh, but positive, not negative. They wait for her, they greet her, they lovingly poetize her:
"...Hello, winter guest!
We ask for mercy
Sing songs of the north
Through forests and steppes."
(I. Nikitin)
"Winter sings and echoes,
The shaggy forest lulls
The ringing sound of a pine forest."
(Sergey Yesenin)
In 1852, sixteen years after the “angry Winter,” F.I. Tyutchev wrote poems about winter in a slightly different vein, without negative connotations:
"Enchantress Winter"
Bewitched, the forest stands..."
However, if before Winter was characterized by Tyutchev as a “witch,” then she turned into a “sorceress” or “witch.” Actually, all these three words - witch, sorceress, sorceress - are synonyms. True, in our minds the word “enchantment” is associated with some kind of magical, enchanting phenomena. Winter, a sorceress at the beginning of her appearance, is reborn as she is exhausted into a witch whose spell weakens.
Being away from his homeland for a long time, reading literature in German and French and writing articles in French (let us remember that only when creating lyrical works did the poet give preference to the Russian language), Tyutchev most likely introduced into the winter theme ideas of Western European, not only Russian poetics, but in this way he enriched Russian poetry, introduced his own, Tyutchev’s, shade into poems about nature.
6.
Explaining words that students do not understand.
NUDIT - compels, compels.
CURRENT - Bust around - 1. without extra. Do something with diligence, work, fuss.
Analysis of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev’s poem “It’s not for nothing that Winter is angry...”
To help language teachers and secondary school students.
1.
Fyodor Tyutchev
Winter is angry for a reason (1836)
No wonder winter is angry,
Her time has passed -
Spring is knocking on the window
And he drives him out of the yard.
And everything started to fuss,
Everything forces Winter to get out -
And larks in the sky
The ringing bell has already been raised.
Winter is still busy
And he grumbles about Spring:
She laughs in her eyes
And it just makes more noise...
The evil witch went crazy
And, capturing the snow,
She let me in, running away,
To a beautiful child...
Spring and grief are not enough:
Washed in the snow
And only became blusher
Against the enemy.
2.
A little about the poet
Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich (1803 - 1873)
Russian poet, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1857). Tyutchev's spiritually intense philosophical poetry conveys a tragic sense of the cosmic contradictions of existence.
Born on November 23 (December 5, n.s.) in the Ovstug estate, Oryol province, into an old noble family of the middle estate. My childhood years were spent in Ovstug, my youth were connected with Moscow.
Home education was supervised by the young poet-translator S. Raich, who introduced the student to the works of poets and encouraged his first poetic experiments. At the age of 12, Tyutchev was already successfully translating Horace.
In 1819 he entered the literature department of Moscow University and immediately took an active part in its literary life. After graduating from the university in 1821 with a candidate's degree in literary sciences, at the beginning of 1822 Tyutchev entered the service of the State Collegium of Foreign Affairs. A few months later he was appointed an official at the Russian diplomatic mission in Munich. From that time on, his connection with Russian literary life was interrupted for a long time.
Tyutchev spent twenty-two years abroad, twenty of them in Munich. Here he got married, here he met the philosopher Schelling and became friends with G. Heine, becoming the first translator of his poems into Russian.
Tyutchev's poetry first received real recognition in 1836, when his 16 poems appeared in Pushkin's Sovremennik.
In 1844 he moved with his family to Russia, and six months later he was again hired to serve in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
The talent of Tyutchev, who so willingly turned to the elemental foundations of existence, itself had something elemental; It is highly characteristic that the poet, who, by his own admission, expressed his thoughts more firmly in French than in Russian, wrote all his letters and articles only in French and all his life spoke almost exclusively in French, to the most intimate impulses of his creative thought could only be expressed in Russian verse; several of his French poems are completely insignificant. The author of "Silentium", he created almost exclusively "for himself", under the pressure of the need to speak out to himself. However, the indication of “the correspondence of Tyutchev’s talent with the life of the author,” made by Turgenev, remains indisputable: “... his poems do not smell like composition; they all seem written for a certain occasion, as Goethe wanted, that is, they are not invented, but grew on their own, like fruit on a tree."
3.
In the poem by F.I. Tyutchev “It’s not for nothing that Winter is angry...” five stanzas of four lines each - a total of twenty lines. Rhyme - cross: "angry - knocking" - the first and third lines rhyme; “It’s time to get out of the yard” - the second and fourth. Size - iambic trimeter.
The artistic effect of the poem is achieved with the help of various tropes: personification, metaphors, epithets, comparisons, contrasts (antithesis).
Winter is personified with an evil witch, Spring with a beautiful child.
The words “Winter” and “Spring” are written as proper names, with a capital letter, which makes these seasons living heroines of the poem, acting independently and differently, having their own character.
Winter is angry with Spring, who knocks on her window and drives her out of the yard. Therefore, Winter is forced to grumble about Spring and worry about being in the yard.
And how can Winter’s grumbling and troubles be expressed? In early spring, snowstorms and night frosts are possible.
Winter cannot stand Spring’s laughter, her actions, and runs away in a rage, finally throwing either a heavy snowball at Spring, or bringing down an entire avalanche of snow on her.
Spring is the month that not only follows Winter, but also seems to emerge from Winter, so it is not as opposed to Winter as it is. let's say summer, and in connection with this there is still no deep antithesis in these two concepts.
The opposition (antithesis) in this text can be such concepts as “evil witch” (Winter) and “beautiful child” (Spring) and two emotions - the anger of Winter and the laughter (joy) of Spring.
In addition to the “evil witch”, the poems also give another synonym for this concept - the “enemy” of Spring.
However, these synonyms are not explicit, but contextual, since two non-synonymous concepts are metaphorically brought together precisely in this context.
Winter perceives Spring as an enemy and treats Spring as an enemy. Spring does not quarrel, but asserts its legal right to change the seasons, since it is full of young forces that attract it to rapid development.
No matter how much we love Winter, the author inclines the reader’s sympathies to the side of Spring, especially since Winter is trying to offend the beautiful child, and this is not in her favor.
Undoubtedly, children can be playful and mischievous - this is how Spring is given in this work - but these are not meaningless pranks, this is a natural necessity.
Literally “everything” is on Spring’s side - after all, “everything is fussing, everything is forcing Winter out.” “Everything” is nature awakening from winter sleep, emerging from winter torpor. All processes occurring at this moment in the bowels of the earth, in tree trunks, in the life of birds are active and rapid. Larks report this with a “raised ringing of bells.”
In its own way, Spring is delicate: it warns of its arrival by “knocking on the window,” that is, it knocked on Winter’s door before entering the boundaries that no longer belong to it. "Drives from the yard" ... - the verb "drives" is given here as a synonym for the verb "nudges", that is, directs, hurries, forces you to go in a certain direction." Obviously, Spring does not allow itself to be rude towards Winter.
Winter cannot be held back by any obstacles: brave Spring (“laughs in your eyes”) brought with it the singing of birds, the ringing of drops, the sound of streams, and this noise is becoming more and more louder. Thus, the text of the poem is filled with the most diverse sounds of early spring.
The weapon of Winter's battle, snow, Spring, like a true philosopher-sage, despite her youth, takes it to her advantage: “she washed herself in the snow and only became blusher...”
With the help of a picture of an unequal battle (the outcome of which is predetermined) of an old witch and an amazing rosy-cheeked baby, Tyutchev gives a picture of the changing seasons in the spirit of the metaphorical ideas of our ancestors who professed paganism - a bright, dynamic picture, because so many transformations are happening before our eyes: And everything began to fuss,
Everything forces Winter to get out -
And larks in the sky
The ringing bell has already been raised.
It is interesting that the metaphor “And everything began to fuss” can take us to the ancient Slavic holiday of Lark, which actually falls on March 22 – the day of the vernal equinox. It was believed that on this day larks returned to their homeland, and other migratory birds followed them. On this day, children with gingerbread larks in their hands walked with their parents into the field and chanted:
"Larks, come!
Drive away the cold winter!
Bring warmth to spring!
We're tired of winter
She ate all our bread!”
The visual range of the verse, along with the sound, carries the reader into all this spring chaos. The last confrontation of Winter is expressed using the richest metaphors: “It’s not for nothing that Winter is angry”, “its time has passed”, Spring is knocking on the window and driving it out of the yard...
Let's try to indicate all the metaphors in this amazing poem, and we will make sure that they are present in every line. That is, the metaphor of spring is both each quatrain individually and the entire work as a whole. The entire poem from beginning to end is one expanded metaphor, which makes it unusually rich in both form and content.
A distinctive technique of this verse is the abundance of verbs of active action: “angry”, “passed”, “knocking”, “drives” - in the first stanza; “fussed”, “boring”, “raised” - in the second stanza; “fussing”, “grumbling”, “laughing”, “making noise” - in the third; “got mad”, the gerund “grabbing, “let go”, the gerund “running away” - in the fourth quatrain; “washed”, the linking verb “became” - in the fifth. It is not difficult to calculate that the number of verbs and verbal forms (two gerunds in the presence of fifteen verbs) were distributed among the stanzas in the following order: 4, 3, 4, 4, 2. In the last quatrain there are only two verbs that characterize only Spring, since Spring has won and Winter is no longer in the yard.
All these seventeen verbs and verb forms formed the metaphors of this verse in such abundance.
And the author no longer needed a large number of epithets - there are only three of them: “evil” (“evil witch” is an inversion, reverse word order, characterizing Winter even more deeply, despite the fact that the logical stress also highlights the epithet “evil”), “beautiful " ("beautiful child" - direct word order) and the comparative degree of the adjective "blush" in a compound nominal predicate ("became ruddy" - reverse word order).
4.
The presence of the author’s attitude to what is happening in the poem “Winter is angry for a reason” is obvious, but it is expressed not with the help of the first person (the author, as a lyrical hero, as it were), but with the help of other, already indicated, means. The author likes how the “beautiful child” “laughs”, how cheerful it is (“Spring and grief are not enough” - a phraseological unit that forms a metaphor in the context of the verse), not afraid of the cold (“washed itself in the snow”), how healthy and optimistic it is ( "And she only blushed in defiance of the enemy." All the author's sympathies are on the side of Spring.
Thus, the glorification of Spring became a glorification of ebullient energy, youth, courage, freshness, and the energy of iambic trimeter fit here perfectly.
5.
It is unlikely that such a description of Winter will ever be found in Russian landscape lyrics: Winter, as a rule, in Russian folk songs and in literary adaptations of folklore is a hero, although sometimes harsh, but positive, not negative. They wait for her, they greet her, they lovingly poetize her:
"...Hello, winter guest!
We ask for mercy
Sing songs of the north
Through forests and steppes."
(I. Nikitin)
"Winter sings and echoes,
The shaggy forest lulls
The ringing sound of a pine forest."
(Sergey Yesenin)
In 1852, sixteen years after the “angry Winter,” F.I. Tyutchev wrote poems about winter in a slightly different vein, without negative connotations:
"Enchantress Winter"
Bewitched, the forest stands..."
However, if before Winter was characterized by Tyutchev as a “witch,” then she turned into a “sorceress” or “witch.” Actually, all these three words - witch, sorceress, sorceress - are synonyms. True, in our minds the word “enchantment” is associated with some kind of magical, enchanting phenomena. Winter, a sorceress at the beginning of her appearance, is reborn as she is exhausted into a witch whose spell weakens.
Being away from his homeland for a long time, reading literature in German and French and writing articles in French (remember that only when creating lyrical works did the poet give preference to the Russian language), Tyutchev introduced Western European rather than Russian poetics into the winter theme , but in this way he enriched Russian poetry, introduced his own, Tyutchev’s, shade into poems about nature.
6.
Explaining words that students do not understand.
NUDIT - compels, compels.
CURRENT - Bust around - 1. without extra. Do something with diligence, work, fuss.