Requirements for the registration of the final qualifying work in the specialty 050708.65 -
Primary education pedagogy and methodology
The guidelines have been developed in accordance with the main current provisions of the State Standardization System, in particular:
GOST 2.105 -95 ESKD General requirements for text documents.
GOST 7.32-2001 Report on research work. Structure and design rules.
GOST 7.82-2001 Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources.
GOST 7.1-2003 Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drawing up.
General requirements for the design of the thesis
The text of the thesis is printed on one side of a sheet of A4 white paper (297 × 210 mm).
The text page must have fields:
left - 30 mm,
right - 15 mm,
top and bottom - 20 mm.
The text is printed at one and a half intervals.
Font size (point size) - 14.
The font type is Times New Roman.
The font color is black.
Paragraph indentation (red line) - 1.25 cm.
Bold type is used to highlight the headings of the structural parts of the thesis (CONTENTS, INTRODUCTION, CONCLUSION, REFERENCES, APPENDIX) and when highlighting the titles of chapters, paragraphs, and chapter conclusions.
The main text is necessarily justified.
"Hanging lines" at the bottom and top of the page are removed.
The text is typed in compliance with the following rules.
The "herringbone quotes" are used, for nested quotes - "paw quotes".
Do not separate when transferring from one line to another (non-breaking space is inserted Shift + Ctrl + Space ):
surnames from initials (Ivanov A.A.);
abbreviated words from proper names to which they refer (comrade Ivanov, Kemerovo, Parkovaya st.);
numbers and letters with a parenthesis or a period (when listing) from the word following them;
roman or Arabic numerals from their abbreviated or full names (1970, 1000 rubles, XX century);
signs and symbols from the following numbers (No. 75).
Do not fight back:
periods or commas from previous text;
ellipsis, like a pause, from the preceding and following words;
dash between digits denoting value limits (1-5);
dash from comma and quotation marks;
hyphen between unions and when transferring (something);
quotes and brackets from words enclosed in them;
footnote marks from a preceding period or comma;
percent signs, degrees minutes, seconds from a digit;
plus, minus and plus-minus signs.
Fight back:
a dash between words on both sides (Moscow is the capital of Russia);
dash in direct speech at the beginning of a paragraph;
WRC structure
According to GOST 7.32-2001, the structural elements of the work are:
title page,
introduction,
<основная часть>,
conclusion,
literature,
applications.
The chapters of the main part of the work are not structural elements, only the whole main part as a whole is such an element.
Styling the headings of structural elements
Section headings : CONTENT,INTRODUCTION,CONCLUSION,LITERATURE,ANNEXESare not numbered.
According to GOST 7.32-2001, the headings of the structural elements of the work are drawn up in capital letters (Caps Lock) without a dot at the end, placed in the middle of the line (center alignment) without indentation.
Headers font type - Times New Roman, bold.
Font size (point size) - 14.
Each structural element must start on a new page.
Example
|
INTRODUCTION |
Formatting headings of sections, subsections and paragraphs
The main part of the text should be divided into sections (chapters), subsections (paragraphs), if necessary, you can use paragraphs.
All sections and subsections should start on a new page.
Section and subsection headings are printed with paragraph indentation, with a capital letter, in bold, without a period at the end.
Font type - Times New Roman, size - 14.
Sections, subsections, paragraphs should be numbered in Arabic numerals. A subsection (paragraph) number consists of a section (chapter) number and a chapter number, separated by a dot. There is no full stop at the end of the number.
In the numbering, after the numbers there is a space, not a tab.
If the heading does not fit on one line, then the entire word is transferred to the bottom line. Word breaks during hyphenation are not allowed.
Example
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1.3 Methodological foundations of the formation of general educational skills in mathematics lessons |
1 - chapter number, 3 - paragraph number.
If the heading consists of two sentences, then they are separated by a period.
If the heading consists of several lines, then the line spacing in the heading is single.
The distance between the heading and the text should be equal to one blank line (15 pt).
The distance between the headings of the chapter and the paragraph is 8 pt.
Example
Pagination
The title page, content, introduction, sections of the thesis and annexes have a common (continuous) numbering.
The pages of the work are numbered in Arabic numerals.
The page number is placed in the center of the bottom sheet without a dot.
The font size is 12.
Font type - Times New Roman.
The title page is included in the general numbering, but the number is not put on it, the numbering begins with the content.
Cover page decoration
The first page of the work is the title page, drawn up in accordance with the attached sample.
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
higher professional education
"Novgorod State University named after Yaroslav the Wise"
Institute of Continuing Pedagogical Education
_____________
Department of Pedagogy and Methodology of Primary Education
APPROVED
Head of the Department
G.A. Orlova
"___" ___________2014
FORMING YOUNGER SPELLING SKILLS
SCHOOLBOY WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Final qualifying work
in the specialty 050708.65
"Pedagogy and Methods of Primary Education"
Leader
ph. Phil. D., associate professor
L.N. Sergeeva
"___" _____________ 2014
Group student 7251
N.M. Lebedeva
"___" _____________ 2014
Content design
According to GOST 7.32-2001 heading CONTENT written in capital letters, in bold, in the middle of the line.
According to GOST 2.105-95, the names included in the content are written in lowercase letters, starting with an uppercase letter.
Example
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INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………. | |
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Chapter 1 Theoretical foundations of the formation of general educational skills of primary schoolchildren …………………………………………… ... …………. | |
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1.1 Features of the development of general educational skills of primary schoolchildren…. | |
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1.2 Organization of project activities in primary school ……………. | |
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1.3 Methodological foundations of the formation of general educational skills in the lessons of computer science ... ... ... ...................................... .................................................. ... | |
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Conclusions on the first chapter ………………………………………………… ... | |
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Chapter 2 Pedagogical experiment on the influence of project activities on the development of general educational skills ………………………… ... | |
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2.1 Studying the initial level of development of general educational skills in the control and experimental classes ... | |
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2.2 Development of general educational skills in computer science lessons in elementary school using the project method .... ……………………………… .. | |
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2.3 Analysis of the results of the experiment on the development of general educational skills of primary schoolchildren using the project method ………. | |
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Conclusions on the second chapter .... ……………………………………………… ... | |
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CONCLUSION ……………………. …………………………………… ........ | |
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REFERENCES ……………………. …………………………… ... ………… ... | |
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APPENDIX A Educational project "My family" ... ..................................... | |
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APPENDIX B Creative work of grade 3 A students on the educational project "My family" ... .................................. .................................................. | |
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APPENDIX B Educational project "Traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries" ……………………………… .. ……………… ........... | |
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APPENDIX D Creative work of grade 3 A students on the educational project "Traditions of celebrating the New Year in different countries" ....... ...... | |
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APPENDIX E Results of the final level of development of general educational skills of students in grades 3 ..................... |
Application design
According to GOST 7.32-2001 in the text of the work, references should be given to all applications. Applications are arranged in the order of links to them in the text.
Each appendix should start on a new page with the word "APPENDIX" and its designation at the top in the middle of the page. The application must have a title that is written symmetrically relative to the capitalized text on a separate line.
Applications are designated by capital letters of the Russian alphabet, starting with A, with the exception of the letters E, Z, Y, O, H, L, Y, b. The word "Appendix" is followed by a letter denoting its sequence (for example: APPENDIX B). It is allowed to designate applications with letters of the Latin alphabet, except for the letters I and O. In the case of full use of the letters of the Russian and Latin alphabets, it is allowed to designate applications with Arabic numerals. If there is one attachment in the document, it is designated "APPENDIX A".
The text of each appendix can be divided into sections, subsections, etc., which are numbered within each appendix. The number is preceded by the designation of this application.
The pagination of the appendices and the main text should be continuous.
Example
Decoration of illustrations (drawings)
Illustrations include all graphic images: pictures, diagrams, graphs, histograms, diagrams, photographs. All illustrations are indicated by the word "Drawing".
Figures should be placed immediately after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page.
Figures are numbered in Arabic numerals, numbering within a section (chapter). The figure number consists of the section number and the sequential number of the illustration, separated by a dot, for example, "Figure 2.3" (third figure, chapters 2).
The figure caption is placed under it in the center of the line. The font type is Times New Roman. The font size is 12.
The word "Drawing" is written in full. A dash is placed after the figure number and its name is indicated with a capital letter. There is no period at the end of the name.
One free line should be left before the illustration and after its name.
All figures in the text should be referenced. When referring to an illustration, you can write "... in accordance with Figure 2.3".
Example
__________________________________________________________________
Figure 2.3 - Gorodets painting
__________________________________________________________________
If there are applications in the work, then the figures of each application are designated by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation in front, for example: "Figure A.3" (third figure in Appendix A).
Example
Figure A.3 - Analysis of student work
on the topic "Fairy flower"
The name of the figure should not go beyond the size of the figure. If the name is long, then it is divided into several lines. The line spacing in the inscription under the figure is single.
Example
Figure 2.2 - Histogram "Dynamics of development of educational and intellectual skills
students of the experimental class "
Table decoration
In a text document, a table is a method of unified text, which has a large information capacity, clarity, allows you to strictly classify, encode information, and easily summarize similar data.
The table should be as short as possible and have a detailed title. The table may be accompanied by notes that indicate the data sources, the content of the indicators is disclosed in more detail, explanations are given if the table contains data obtained as a result of calculations.
Rounded numbers are given in the table with the same degree of accuracy (up to 0.1; up to 0.01, etc.). If the table shows growth percentages, then in many cases it is advisable to replace percentages of 300 or more with ratios at times. For example, write not “1000%”, but “10.0 times”.
It is not allowed to substitute quotes for numbers repeating in the table, mathematical signs, percent signs and numbers, designations of normative documents, etc. In the absence of individual data, a dash (dash) should be inserted in the table.
The name of the table should be placed above the table on the left, without paragraph indentation, without a period at the end. The heading of the table should consist of the word "Table", the number of the table and, separated by a dash, the name of the table. The name of the table is executed with single line spacing, font “Times New Roman”, font size - 14. One free line should be left before and after the name of the table.
Example
Table 2.3 - Comparison of the level of formation of the initial reading skill in German in second graders
The table should be placed in the work immediately after the text in which it is mentioned for the first time, or on the next page. All tables should be referenced in the work, for example, "Table 1.2 presents. ...".
Tables are numbered in the same way as figures, for example, "Table 2.3" (third table of the second section).
The tables of each annex are designated by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation in front, for example, "Table B.2".
A table with a large number of lines can be transferred to another sheet. When transferring a part of the table to another sheet, the word "Table", the number and the title are indicated once above the first part of the table. The word "Continuation" and the number of the table are indicated on the left above the following parts, for example: "Continuation of table 2.1". When transferring a table to another page, it is necessary to repeat the table heading or an additional row with column numbering.
Column and row headings in the table should be capitalized in the singular, and column subheadings should be written with a lowercase letter if they form a single sentence with a heading, or with a capital letter if they have a meaning in their own right. At the end of the headings and subheadings of columns and rows, do not use periods. Column headers are usually written parallel to the rows of the table, but if necessary, their perpendicular position is allowed.
According to the content of the tables, there are analytical and non-analytical. Analytical tables are the result of processing and analyzing numeric indicators. As a rule, after such tables, a generalization is made as new (derivative) knowledge, which is introduced into the text in words: the analysis of the table allows us to conclude that ...; the table shows that ...; analysis of the table allows us to conclude that ... etc. Often such tables make it possible to identify and formulate certain patterns. In non-analytical tables, as a rule, statistical data are placed that are necessary only for information or ascertaining.
Formula formatting
Formulas and equations should be separated from the text on a separate line. Leave a blank line above and below each formula or equation. If the equation does not fit on one line, then it must be wrapped after the equal sign (\u003d) or after the plus (+), minus (-) signs, multiplication (x), division (:), or other mathematical signs, and this sign at the beginning of the next line, repeat. When transferring a formula to a sign symbolizing the operation of multiplication, use the sign "x".
An explanation of the symbols and numerical factors used is given under the formula in the same sequence as they are given in the formula.
Formulas in the text are numbered with Arabic numerals within the section. The number consists of the section number and the sequential number of the formula in the section, it is affixed on the right side of the sheet at the formula level in parentheses, for example, (2.1) is the first formula of the second section.
Example
A \u003d C + B (2.1)
Formulas in applications are numbered separately within each application with the addition of an application designation in front, for example, (B.2).
Registration of transfers
In the text of the thesis, enumerations can be applied, which are made out in three ways.
Enumerations can be single-level and multi-level. In the first case, any of the above enumeration methods can be used. With multilevel enumeration, the first method is applied first, then the second, then the third.
An example of a multilevel list design
Software classification
1. System software:
operating Systems;
file managers;
drivers;
archivers;
disk maintenance programs;
antivirus programs.
2. Programming environments.
3. Application programs:
general purpose programs;
special purpose programs;
game programs.
Formatting quotes and links in the text
Quotations are literal excerpts from any text of a scientific or journalistic nature.
When quoting, the following rules must be observed:
The source of the citation should be the cited edition, and not the publication of another author, where the cited text is cited as an excerpt (the exception is that the original source is not available or it is difficult to find it; a published archive document is cited; the quoted text became known from the author's words in the memoirs of another person).
The text of the quotation is enclosed in quotation marks and is given in the grammatical form in which it is given in the source, preserving the peculiarities of the author's spelling.
Citation should be complete, without arbitrary reduction of the quoted passage and without distorting the meaning.
The omission of words, sentences, paragraphs when quoting is allowed, if it does not entail distortion of the entire fragment, and is indicated by an ellipsis, which is put in place of the gap.
If a quote is included in the text, then the first word is written with a lowercase letter.
If a quote stands out from the main text, then it is written from the left margin of the page at a distance of paragraph indentation, and each quote must be accompanied by a link to the source.
Quotation marks, delimiting a quote, are placed only at the beginning and end of it, regardless of the size of the quote and the number of paragraphs in it.
If inside a quote there are words (phrases, phrases), in turn, enclosed in quotes, then the latter should be of a different pattern than the quotes that open and close the quote (outer quotes are usually Christmas trees "", inner ones are paws "").
Sometimes you can hear the following phrase: "It does not matter how the diploma is written, it is important how it is designed." And there really is truth in this statement. Members of the state commission will not read your thesis, they will only leaf through it. And it's imperative that the superficial impression you get is in your favor!
In order for the state commission to nod their heads approvingly, flipping through your research, you must clearly comply with the requirements for the design of the thesis in accordance with GOST 2017. In this article, we will dwell on the nuances of the design of the thesis, which are important for both the student and the student.
GOSTs that determine the design of the thesis
Strictly speaking, there is no special GOST 2018 for a diploma. GOST for the design of thesis has practically not changed since 2001 (only a small change was made in 2005).
Thus, the current rules for the design of the thesis (2018) are regulated by a document called GOST 7.32-2001 “System of standards for information, library and publishing. Research report. Structure and design rules ".
This is a voluminous document, to the middle of which not every bird can fly. You can study it yourself, but in this article we will highlight the most important points that should be taken into account when issuing a diploma in accordance with GOST.
In addition to GOST 7.32-2001, the design of the diploma study is regulated by several more documents. So, GOST 7.32-2001 itself is based on almost a dozen GOSTs, the most significant of which for a graduate student are:
- GOST 7.1-2003. System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drawing up.
- GOST 7.9-95 (ISO 214-76). System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Abstract and annotation. General requirements.
- GOST 7.12-93. System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Abbreviation of words in Russian. General requirements and rules.
In addition, other documents are taken into account when issuing a diploma, for example, GOST 9327-60 (its requirements relate to the design of texts, tables and graphic materials).
Are you afraid that the roof will go when studying these GOSTs? Don't worry, there is an easy way to get a perfect diploma by reading this article. We have put these terrible GOSTs on the shelves!
It should be noted that, despite the detailed bureaucratic regulation of the design of scientific research, some minor nuances remained variable. For example, the font type is not specified in GOST, but in practice it has long been established the rule to use Times New Roman.
The design nuances that are not specified in the GOST, but for some reason required at your department, are indicated in the manual, which should not be ignored either. Be sure that the student's trump card "And it is indicated in the GOST!" one hundred percent beats with the teaching "And it was necessary to look in the training manual!".
General requirements for the design of the diploma (page parameters, font, spacing, etc.)
Registration of the thesis according to GOST 2018 implies the fulfillment of the mandatory requirements:
1. Paper should be white, standard A4 size (according to GOST 9327), the recommended density is around 80 g / sq. m. In other words - ordinary office paper for printers. (Hereinafter, Captain Obviousness will sometimes take the floor, but it is better to let him speak out than to screw up something on trifles).
An exception: There are cases when GOST allows the use of A3 format in the preparation of scientific research. This happens when a thesis or other research contains a large number of large tables, illustrations, drawings. But it is better, if possible, to place them in Applications.
2. GOST indicates that the thesis must be submitted in printed form - typed on a typewriter or printed using a computer and printer. On the line below in the document, the term PC is even used - personal computer
For a person who is looking for the rules for completing a thesis in accordance with GOST 2018, such a revelation can cause a slight stupor. But do not forget that GOST, in fact, has not changed for ten years, and specifically this part - for almost fifteen. In those ancient times, when this GOST was approved, that is, in 2001, not all students had computers, teachers read handwritten drafts, and there was even a profession of a typesetter on a computer. And a little earlier, in the mid-90s, typewriters were widely used for typing, which the compilers of the GOST have not yet forgotten. Or, which is most likely, they just ripped up the wording from an earlier GOST, 7.32-91, with slight changes.
We are sure that when next year students look for information on the design of their thesis in accordance with GOST 2017, they will again face typewriters and personal computers
3. The text should be printed on only one side of the sheet. There should be no images, marks, etc. on the reverse side. However, the graduate student is no longer a beginner, after a dozen of written essays and several term papers, he probably already remembered this.
4. The structural elements of the thesis (introduction, chapters of the main part, conclusion, bibliography, list of footnotes) start from a new sheet. Paragraphs / paragraphs can also start from a new sheet, but the continuation on the same page is also a canonical option (this point should be clarified with the supervisor or in the manual issued by the department).
Note: Try to keep the end of the chapter at least half the page or at least a third. The rule is not fixed anywhere, but refers to those unspoken "etiquette" laws that are customarily observed.
5. The width of the fields in the thesis is established by GOST as follows:
- right - not less than 10 mm (1 cm);
- the left one is not less than 30 mm (1 cm), the margin is given for stitching;
- top not less than 20 mm (2 cm);
- bottom - not less than 20 mm (2 cm).
It is interesting that, despite the wording “no less”, in most cases this indication is interpreted by the supervisors as “exactly” or even “no more”. They can be understood: students sometimes abuse wide fields.
6. Orientation of the sheet - vertical (portrait). Horizontal orientation (landscape) is allowed when designing applications, but not the main part of the thesis.
7. Alignment of the text in modern thesis is usually done in width. GOST does not regulate this point, therefore, in theory, you can align the text to the left (but, of course, not to the right and not to the center). However, in the age of computer technology, this will look strange. Again, let's remember when this GOST was written (based on the even more ancient GOST 7.32-91): in those days when typewriters had not yet become one hundred percent antiques. On a typewriter, even with hyphenation, it is very difficult to achieve high-quality alignment. And the compilers of these valuable guidelines apparently considered such a requirement an overly stringent requirement. But you have a PC or laptop, right?
We will talk in more detail about the alignment of the headings of chapters and subparagraphs a little below, there are some nuances.
8. Paragraph indents are required, and not according to GOST, but according to the rules of the Russian language. In GOST, however, one should look for instructions regarding its size. But what do we see? The requirements of GOST 2.105-95 on the size of the indentation of 15 or 17 mm in GOST 7.32-2001 disappeared. In other words, you can indent anything ... within reason, of course. A paragraph indent of 1.25 - 1.5 cm is considered reasonable. And this is the case when it makes sense to ask about the recommendations of the department.
9. The font color in the thesis is black. In the thesis there should be no color highlighting of the text - this is not Lirushechka for you.
10. What font should I use? GOST is mysteriously silent, but in widespread practice (both domestic and foreign), scientific works are printed in Times New Roman font. This is, in fact, an established standard.
Question: Can I use other fonts in my thesis? In this regard, GOST will deign to give the following details: yes, individual formulas, terms can be written in other fonts that differ from the font of the main text.
"It is allowed to use computer capabilities to focus attention on certain terms, formulas, theorems, using fonts of different typefaces."
A source:
Moreover: GOST allows you to write by hand formulas and other parts of the text that cannot be entered by typewritten method. For this, either black ink or black ink is used. It is necessary to write in printed characters. But, in our opinion, for a student completing a diploma in accordance with GOST in 2018, this liberty is unacceptable. Modern computer technologies make it possible to display any formulas. If there are no matching symbols, formulas are now inserted as images.
11. The point size (letter size), according to GOST, must be at least twelve. In practice, graduates use 12 and 14 pt. Times New Roman. In footnotes, in captions to tables and images, you can use a smaller size (up to 10).
12. Line spacing, in contrast to the font, is regulated by GOST. It should be one and a half.
13. CAPS LOK is allowed when writing the titles of the chapters of the thesis. IT IS NOT NECESSARY TO USE IT ANYWHERE!
14. To highlight the structural parts of the work, that is, in headings and subheadings, you can use bold type. It can also be used to highlight some important phrases, terms - but without enthusiasm. The same goes for italics. For example, in can be bold or italicized the words "hypothesis, subject, object, goals, objectives."
15. Misprints are not allowed. If you nevertheless find typos, misprints, graphic inaccuracies during the proofreading of your thesis, then, according to GOST, they can be painted over with white paint (a corrector is used for this) and corrections can be carefully made on top so that there are no noticeable blots. But this, gentlemen, students, is an emergency option - for example, if you decide to re-read your diploma right at the university before handing it over to the reviewer and you do not have time to run to the printer. In general, nowadays, printing out a thesis is not difficult, so make corrections on a computer and re-print the necessary sheets.
Registration of titles in the thesis
We should dwell on the design of headings and subheadings separately, because GOST is rather intricate in this matter. The rules are as follows:
- Headings are the names of the structural parts of the work, representing a short and clear reflection of the content of sections, subsections, paragraphs.
- Use Arabic numerals for numbering.
- When numbering sections, subsections and paragraphs, a full stop is not put after the numbers.
- When using the wording “part such and such” or “chapter such and such”, a period is placed after the number.
- When numbering sections, subsections, points, the following rules should be followed:
However, in graduation theses it does not reach such extremes, so you can forget about letters and numbers with brackets.
- The distance between the text and the heading is not regulated by GOST, but, according to established rules, it is 15 mm, that is, one confused line with a one and a half interval. The chapter heading from the subsection / paragraph heading is usually separated by a distance of 8 mm (double space).
- Headings are printed, according to GOST, in capital (capital) letters. CAPS LOCOM, SHORT
- Headings are centered, subheadings are indented.
- If the title consists of two sentences, they are separated by a period.
- Headings are not allowed to hyphenate.
- Headings can be bold, but not underlined.
- The period at the end of the heading is not put.
If you are interested in the design of a thesis in accordance with GOST 2018, a sample of the design of headings is in front of you:
But this option is used if the study does not highlight parts (chapters). Since the chapters are highlighted in the thesis, it is necessary to put a full stop after the number in the title: "Chapter 1. FROZEN RULES FOR REGISTRATION ACCORDING TO GOST". Further, the dots in the numbering of subsections are no longer put.
There is also the option of using the paragraph mark (§) when highlighting subsections, but this is considered obsolete. Roman numerals are often used in the numbering of chapters. There are other options in some departments, according to the principle "in each hut its own rattles." But you now know how to act in accordance with GOST, and the variations are under the responsibility of your supervisor.
Page numbering and content design
Thesis should include content, which indicates all structural parts, including appendices. How to write names - lowercase or uppercase? Unlike GOST 2.105-95, the newer GOST 7.32-2001 provides a solution to this issue at the discretion of the author.
An example of the design of the content in the thesis:
Let's touch on one more GOST nuance. Students who decide to independently study GOST 7.32-2001 can screw up by following the following instruction:
5.4.2 When drawing up a report consisting of two or more parts, each of them should have its own content. In this case, in the first part, the content of the entire report is placed, indicating the numbers of the parts, in the subsequent - only the content of the corresponding part. It is allowed in the first part to indicate only their names instead of the content of subsequent parts.
Any educational institution has the highest requirements for FQP. The final qualifying work is the main and most important scientific research of a student during his studies. Her defense is the last stage before receiving a bachelor's or master's degree and graduation from the university.
In order to competently write a thesis project, a graduate should familiarize himself with the design features of this work and remember some important recommendations.
How to write an FQP
Ask for helpThe main purpose of writing a thesis is systematization, assimilation and consolidation of theoretical knowledge gained during the entire period of a student's study at a university. That is why the main scientific research of a graduate is a serious and extremely important work, which is conventionally divided into several stages:
Stage 1. The choice of the topic of the graduation project and the appointment of a scientific advisor for the department. It is important to remember that the most successful work will be work that will please the student and will initially interest him.
Stage 2. Development of the work plan together with the supervisor. The work plan is a detailed content of the work by chapters, which can be edited in the process.
Stage 3. Selection and study of literature. Collection and analysis of practical data for research (most often in the course of undergraduate practice).
Stage 4. Writing the final qualifying work - systematization and execution of all material in a competent structured text. Development of conclusions and recommendations based on the studied data.
Stage 5. Registration of the final work, its check for plagiarism. Writing the text for the defense of the thesis project, defense of the FQP before the commission.
Important! Diploma thesis is a complex work associated with the analysis of a large amount of literature, therefore it is advisable to start the implementation of the FQP already in the first semester of the final course.
Example of an FQP structure for pharmacy
FQP theme "Pharmacy organizations at the current stage of development"
Introduction
CHAPTER 1. Modern pharmacy organizations
1.1. The history of the development of pharmacy in Russia
1.2. Organization of work of modern pharmacies
1.3. Types and functions of modern pharmacies
CHAPTER 2. Research methods
CHAPTER 3. Results of research on the effectiveness of pharmacy organizations
3.1. Pharmacy with a closed display of goods
3.2. Pharmacy with open display of goods
3.3. Economic efficiency of pharmacy supermarkets
3.5. Customer Service Quality Assessment
Conclusion
Bibliography
Regulations on WRC
The graduation work should be drawn up in accordance with the guidelines and guidelines for its writing. Registration rules are governed by the following state documents:
- Federal state educational standard for specialties and professions of secondary vocational education (secondary vocational education);
- The procedure for conducting the State final certification for educational programs of secondary vocational education;
- GOST 7-32 of 2001.
In addition to general provisions, individual requirements for the final qualifying work can be made by a specific educational institution. For example, RANEPA (Novosibirsk and Irkutsk) or SKFU (Pyatigorsk) have special requirements for completing the thesis.
Despite such bureaucratic regulation of the design of diploma projects, small nuances remain variable. So, the GOST does not specify the type of font, but in practice Times New Roman is always used.
WRC title page
The title page is a mandatory requirement for the final paper. Specific recommendations for writing it may be contained in the university manual, however, there is some information that must be indicated on the title of the thesis:
- the full and official name of the educational institution and department, organization or sectoral ministry to which it belongs, faculty, department;
- title of the final qualifying work;
- information about the author of the work - full name, name and specialty code, group number;
- information about the supervisor of the diploma project, his full name, academic degree and title;
- indication of the city in which the university is based, the year of writing and defending the thesis.
Important! When decorating the title page, hyphenation and abbreviations are not allowed.
Folder for VKR
The final copy of the thesis project is usually provided in a typographic binding, with an address folder in A4 format. The spine of such a cover must be at least 20 mm., With a comb with holes for stitching sheets.
Attention! After the final writing and registration of the FQP, the student will not be able to make any changes to it before the defense. Therefore, before submitting it, it is advisable to double-check all the data in the text and the correctness of the title page.
How to check WRC for anti-plagiarism
Systems for checking graduation theses for plagiarism are currently used in all Russian universities. This technique allows you to assess the student's contribution to the research, the ability to analyze and work out information.
To check the work, almost all educational institutions use the Antiplagiat.VUZ verification system (https://www.antiplagiat.ru). It is a system that is actively used to determine uniqueness by students and teachers. Only PDF and TXT documents can be checked online for free. For theses, the permissible percentage of borrowing is 15-30% of the text without graphic material. It is this volume that should be limited to citing primary sources or regulations. Acceptable borrowings also include the names of organizations, authorities, or common expressions.
Only after reaching the minimum level of originality, the student can send the final version of his FQP for verification by the department.
The final qualifying work will help determine the level of knowledge and skills acquired by the student. It testifies to the quality of the assimilation of the material and gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe graduate's readiness for an independent life.
Writing and issuing an FQP is not as difficult as it might seem. It is enough just to follow all the recommendations and listen to the advice of the supervisor - then the work will be able to claim the highest mark.
An article for those who write an FQP (Diploma) on their own and want to learn how to write a work correctly, without flaws and be admitted to defense without unnecessary hassle. Here you will learn how to issue a graduation qualifying work for 5+
What is FQP (diploma)
Thesis (WQR) is the last task of a student who graduates from any educational institution. Modern educational standards require students to defend their diplomas at the bachelor's and master's levels of study. At the same time, in the magistracy, they often defend a thesis instead of a thesis.
In 2013, the specialist level was excluded from the student curriculum. From this moment on, obtaining a completed higher education presupposes admission to a master's program immediately after a bachelor's degree. Preparation and defense of the thesis is one of the main conditions for continuing education.
Requirements and GOST for FQP (diploma)
Requirements for theses of various fields differ significantly. For example, work on a diploma of a student of the humanitarian direction consists mainly in collecting the necessary information from various sources, processing it and then processing it in accordance with the established requirements. Work in a technical specialty is much more laborious, including complex and large calculations, analysis of statistical information, various indicators. It is almost impossible to forge a thesis in a technical direction. For this reason, many students do not undertake their thesis on their own, preferring to entrust it to experienced professionals. This approach allows you to save personal time and preserve your reputation in the eyes of the supervisor.
As for specifically GOSTs, as such state standards for graduation qualification work do not exist and everything is left to the mercy of the educational institution
Preparing and writing you is a serious job that requires a lot of time, mental and emotional costs. At the initial stage, a work plan is developed, which must be agreed with the head. This plan is the content of the diploma in a summary, following the sequence of points. It greatly simplifies the search for the necessary information and the entire process of working on a diploma as a whole.
Correct structure and plan of the diploma
Any educational work should have a structural appearance and include some required elements. Most often, the diploma consists of 3 chapters, which have their own specifics of presentation:
- Theory. The chapter contains information collected from all sources, which must be up-to-date. In the same chapter, the author can present some theoretical theses on the topic of the work.
- Practice. This chapter collects scientific papers and other works directly related to the topic under consideration. For the subsequent successful defense, it is extremely important for the author to understand the methods applicable in the work. It is recommended to form a table with information from various scientific materials for permanent visualization of all methods.
- Research by the author. Based on the information received, the author should conduct his own research on the topic. It is important to indicate the initial data with which the author worked, as well as methods for resolving problems that arose in the process of research and substantiate their effectiveness in comparison with others. The description of the study should also include the difficulties that arose during the work. A big step towards successful defense will be a new solution to the problem on the topic, which is distinguished by its effectiveness. If this problem cannot be solved, then you can point to an unaffected problem that the author is able to solve with his work.
Sections of the diploma:
Along with the mandatory sections, the structure of the diploma should include such elements as:
- properly designed title page;
- content. Diplomas are most often issued in Word, which has the function of automatic content alignment. It allows you to avoid manual straightening and thus save time. It is necessary to arrange the content taking into account the requirements of the guidelines;
- introduction in volume from 1 to 3 sheets. The introduction contains a substantiation of the relevance of the topic under consideration, the definition of the main problems, the setting of goals and objectives of the work;
- conclusion - contains conclusions about the degree of achievement of the goals set in the introduction of the task. In addition, in the same section, the relevance of the diploma for a wide variety of industries - society, economy, and so on is substantiated.
- a list of references, drawn up in accordance with the requirements of the guidelines. It should include at least 20 sources - scientific papers, textbooks, official documents, and so on. The Internet can be included as a source, but only official sites containing verified and accurate information should be indicated, for example, Rosstat.
Drawings in the diploma (WRC)
It is difficult to imagine a good thesis without pictures, graphs, tables. It is recommended to place such data separately on one sheet. You should not dilute the test part of the work with these elements, but it is better to put them in a separate supplement to the diploma. This supplement has no numbering and is attached to the diploma after the list of used literature.
How to correctly issue an FQP
The design of the work deserves special attention. After completing the collection and analysis of information, all text must be formatted in accordance with generally accepted rules, such as:
- 14 font size with one and a half line spacing and justification. Paragraph indents should be 1.25 mm and margins should be 2 cm.
- When inserting tables, you need to design them with the same font as the text part. It is allowed to reduce the font to 12. Tables are aligned in the center, with its name written at the top right. Each table is numbered.
- The patterns used are also centered. All figures are numbered and named by center alignment.
- The names of figures and tables are printed in the same font as the text part of the work.
- Between the headings and the text part, you need to leave a gap of 1.5 cm, and all headings in the work are made out with indents by analogy with paragraphs. Headings are written with a capital letter, and at the end, you cannot put a period and insert an underline of the text.
If you have any difficulties with the design of the work, you can simply carefully read the methodological instructions, where everything is written and explained in sufficient detail.
In order to properly structure the work on the diploma, it is recommended to draw up a certain algorithm of actions, including several sequential steps:
- Detailed study of the selected topic and collection of information on it in various sources.
- Formulation of the main problem of the thesis taking into account the analysis of the collected information.
- Developing your own solutions to the formulated problem. The degree of information disclosure is necessarily disclosed in the text of the diploma.
- Focusing on the fact that new solutions to the problem were developed by the author and have not been used anywhere before.
- Description of the progress of the work, namely with what it was necessary to work, what solutions to problems were used in the work, taking into account what the analysis of information was carried out.
- Correct presentation of the results obtained and an indication of the effectiveness of the solution to the problem found by the author.
Review to the WRC
An obligatory stage in preparing a diploma for defense is writing a review for it. Thesis review - a short review of the work, an assessment of the relevance of the topic and the effectiveness of ways to solve the main problems. Only those students who have received a positive review are allowed to defend. The review should be written by the supervisor or someone from the teachers who are directly related to the topic considered in the work. In practice, this approach is almost never practiced in many educational institutions, and the students themselves write reviews of the work. The teacher or supervisor simply signs it in agreement with the stated theses. For this reason, it is recommended to write a truthful, undistorted review in order to avoid problems with obtaining the teacher's signature.
How many pages should there be in the WRC
Writing a really good thesis is not easy. Moreover, it is not enough to write it in accordance with the requirements in order for it to be recognized by the commission as successful. It is important to ensure that the following rules are followed when writing a diploma:
- The volume of work is from 100 to 150 pages. Experience shows that a smaller volume does not allow fully disclosing the topic and describing the research in detail.
- It is necessary to make references to the sources indicated in the bibliography. Footnotes are also allowed, but this depends on the recommendations of the department.
- The uniqueness indicator of the work must exceed 70%.
How to check FQP
You should not rush to print it after the completion of the work. It has been repeatedly confirmed by experience that the thesis often has to be redone, and, accordingly, reprinted. In order to save money, it is better to print the work in parts and on drafts. After printing, each part is recommended to be shown to the supervisor for approval. Demonstration of a completely finished work to the supervisor will certainly lead to the fact that it will have to be redone.
Writing a high-quality VKR (diploma) in strict accordance with numerous requirements and rules is a difficult and impossible task for many, requiring maximum patience, a lot of time and utmost attention. It is for this reason that many students prefer to seek help from qualified professionals who guarantee a high-quality final result.