Stolypin's name is associated with a number of transformations that have changed the life of our country. This is an agrarian reform, the strengthening of the Russian army and navy, the development of Siberia and the settlement of the vast eastern part of the Russian Empire. Stolypin considered his most important tasks to be the struggle against separatism and the revolutionary movement that was corroding Russia. The methods of implementing these tasks were often cruel and uncompromising ("Stolypin's tie", "Stolypin's carriage").
Peter Arkadievich Stolypin was born in 1862 into a hereditary noble family. His father, Arkady Dmitrievich, was a military man, so the family had to move many times: 1869 - Moscow, 1874 - Vilno, and in 1879 - Oryol. In 1881, after graduating from high school, Pyotr Stolypin entered the natural sciences department of the physics and mathematics faculty of St. Petersburg University. Stolypin the student was distinguished by zeal and diligence, and his knowledge was so deep that even with the great Russian chemist D.I. Mendeleev, during the exam, he managed to start a theoretical dispute that went far beyond the curriculum. Stolypin is interested in the economic development of Russia and in 1884 he prepared a dissertation on the tobacco cultures of the south of Russia.
From 1889 to 1902, Stolypin was the district leader of the nobility in Kovno, where he was actively involved in the education and education of the peasants, as well as organizing the improvement of their economic life. During this time, Stolypin received the necessary knowledge and experience in agricultural management. The energetic actions of the leader of the district nobility are noticed by the Minister of Internal Affairs V.K. Plehve. Stolypin becomes governor of Grodno.
In his new position, Petr Arkadyevich contributes to the development of farming and raising the educational level of the peasantry. Many contemporaries did not understand the aspirations of the governor and even condemned him. The elite was especially irritated by Stolypin's tolerant attitude towards the Jewish diaspora.
In 1903, Stolypin was transferred to the Saratov province. Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 he took it extremely negatively, emphasizing the unwillingness of the Russian soldier to fight on a foreign land for interests alien to him. The riots that began in 1905, which grew into the revolution of 1905-1907, Stolypin meets openly and boldly. He speaks to the protesters, without fear of falling victim to the crowd, harshly suppresses speeches and illegal actions on the part of any political force. The vigorous activity of the Saratov governor attracted the attention of Emperor Nicholas II, who in 1906 appointed Stolypin the minister of internal affairs of the empire, and after the dissolution of the First State Duma, the prime minister.
Stolypin's appointment was directly related to a decrease in the number of terrorist acts and criminal activity. Harsh measures were taken. Instead of the ineffective military courts, which tried cases of crimes against state order, on March 17, 1907, courts martial were introduced. They considered cases within 48 hours, and the sentence was carried out less than a day after it was announced. As a result, the wave of the revolutionary movement subsided, and stability was restored in the country.
Stolypin spoke out as unequivocally as he acted. His expressions have become classic. "They need great shocks, we need a great Russia!" “For those in power, there is no greater sin than cowardly evasion of responsibility.” “Nations sometimes forget about their national tasks; but such peoples perish, they turn into land, into fertilizer, on which other, more powerful peoples grow and grow. " "Give the State twenty years of peace, internal and external, and you will not recognize the present Russia."
However, Stolypin's views on some issues, especially in the field of national policy, aroused criticism, both "from the right" and "from the left." From 1905 to 1911, 11 attempts were made on Stolypin. In 1911, the anarchist terrorist Dmitry Bogrov shot twice at Stolypin in the Kiev theater, the wounds were fatal. The assassination of Stolypin caused a wide reaction, national contradictions escalated, the country lost a man who sincerely and devotedly served not his personal interests, but the entire society and the entire state.
Pyotr Stolypin a short biography and interesting facts from the life of a Russian statesman, prime minister, you will learn from this article.
Pyotr Stolypin short biography
Pyotr Stolypin was born in Dresden on April 14, 1862 in an old noble family. He graduated from the Vilnius gymnasium in 1881 and decided to enter the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University. After university, Peter enters the service of the Ministry of State Property.
In 1889, the future prime minister transferred to the Ministry of the Interior. In the same year he was appointed governor of the Covenian nobility, and in 1902 Stolypin was elected governor of the city of Saratov. During the years of the revolution, Petr Arkadyevich headed the suppression of the unrest of the peasants.
Stolypin in 1906 was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs and replaced IL Goremykin as Chairman of the Council of Ministers. Already in August, an attempt was made on his life. He and his family moved to live in the Winter Palace. And in Russia, at the same time, a decree was adopted on the introduction of military field courts, and the gallows, which decided the fate of many, was popularly nicknamed "the Stolypin tie."
The Second State Duma was dissolved on June 3, 1907, the electoral law was changed, and the Stolypin government moved on to reforms. The main reform of the statesman is the agrarian reform. In order to solve the problem, he proposed to increase the productivity of peasant labor without affecting landlord ownership. The destruction of the community will lead to the fact that the land will pass into the ownership of wealthy peasants, and the ruined people will go to work in the industrial sector and move to the outskirts of a large country.
In 1910, Stolypin visited Western Siberia. Impressed by its vastness, he considered the Siberian lands to be inexhaustible sources of raw materials and proposed a large-scale scheme for the resettlement of peasants to these virgin lands.
But his position on autocracy turned the nobles against him, who took up arms against him and contributed to his downfall. In the course of another skirmish, he was mortally wounded by the Socialist-Revolutionary Bogrov in Kiev on September 14, 1911. He passed away 4 days later.
Pyotr Stolypin interesting facts
- The personal life of the reformer was very interesting. His elder brother Peter died in a duel and bequeathed to Peter before his death his bride - the great-granddaughter of Suvorov Neidgardt Olga Borisovna. So the girl became the wife of Peter Arkadievich. The couple had 6 children - one son and five daughters.
- Pyotr Stolypin was a second cousin to Yuri Lermontov.
- While studying at the St. Petersburg Imperial University, he was a student of Mendeleev.
- Pyotr Arkadievich had poor control of his right hand through the injury he received in a duel with the killer of his older brother, Shakhovsky.
- 11 attempts were made on him. During one of them, Petra's daughter Natalya received severe leg injuries, and for some time did not walk at all. One of the sons was also injured. And the children's nanny died before their eyes.
- Minister of the sixth part of the globe
- Prime Minister of the Russian Empire
Peter Stolypin became the youngest Prime Minister of the Russian Empire. The last major transformations in the country are associated with his name. Among them are the agrarian reform, the development of Siberia and the settlement of the eastern part of the country. All his years in the civil service, Stolypin fought against separatism and the revolutionary movement.
Stolypin's brilliant career
Peter Stolypin was born into a noble family in Germany. His father was in the military, so the family had to move frequently. The boy spent his early childhood in the Serednikovo estate in the Moscow province, then the family moved to a small estate in Lithuania. Petr Stolypin received his primary education at home, at the age of 12 he entered the second grade of the Vilna gymnasium. Here he studied for five years, until in 1879 his father was transferred to Oryol. The young man entered the seventh grade of the Oryol male gymnasium.
After graduating from high school in 1881, Pyotr Stolypin, contrary to the noble tradition, chose not military service, but entered the physics and mathematics department of St. Petersburg University. The young man studied diligently, therefore, upon completion of his studies, the Council of St. Petersburg University approved him as a "candidate of the physics and mathematics faculty." In addition, Stolypin received the rank of collegiate secretary, which corresponded to the X grade in the Table of Ranks, although usually graduates graduated from the university in the XIV grade and very rarely in the XII grade.
While still a student, Pyotr Stolypin joined the Ministry of Internal Affairs. But the young official was more interested in agriculture and land management of the Russian Empire, so in 1886, at Stolypin's request, he was transferred to the Department of Agriculture and Rural Industry of the Ministry of State Property. Two years later, he received the title of chamber junker of the Court of His Imperial Majesty, which corresponded to the V class according to the Table of Ranks. Thus, in just three years, Stolypin rose by five ranks in the Table - an unprecedented achievement in such a short period.
Pyotr Stolypin. Photo: khazin.ru
Pyotr Stolypin. Photo: m1r.su
In 1889, Stolypin returned to serve in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. First, he was appointed the Kovno district marshal of the nobility and the Chairman of the Kovno congress of world mediators, and in 1899 - the Kovno provincial leader of the nobility. In total, Stolypin spent 13 years in the service of the Lithuanian Kovno - from 1889 to 1902. He paid special attention to agriculture: he studied advanced technologies, bought new varieties of grain crops, and bred pedigree trotters. The productivity of peasant farms increased, and they themselves became better off.
The state celebrated Stolypin's work with new ranks and awards. He received more and more titles, titles and orders, and in 1901 he became a state councilor. A year later, Minister of Internal Affairs Vyacheslav von Plehve appointed Stolypin governor of Grodno. First of all, Pyotr Stolypin liquidated the insurgent societies in the province. Then he began to develop farming: he bought modern agricultural tools and artificial fertilizers. The governor paid attention to the education of the peasants: he opened vocational schools and special women's gymnasiums. Many noble landowners condemned his reforms and believed that "Education should be available to the wealthy classes, but not to the masses ..."... To which Stolypin replied: "Education of the people, correctly and reasonably delivered, will never lead to anarchy".
Soon Stolypin was appointed governor of the Saratov province. When he took office, the first revolution swept through the country. Saratov province turned out to be one of the most radical-minded: one of the centers of the revolutionary underground was located here. Workers' strikes broke out in the cities, peasant riots in the villages. The governor personally calmed the protesters and spoke to crowds of rioters. The revolutionaries began to persecute him.
Russian statesman, Minister of Internal Affairs and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire Petr Arkadievich Stolypin was born on April 2 (April 14, new style) 1862 in Germany, in the city of Dresden. He came from an old noble family, dating back to the beginning of the 16th century. Great-grandfathers of P.A. Stolypin were Arkady Alekseevich Stolypin (1778-1825; senator, friend of the greatest statesman of the early 19th century M.M.Speransky) and his brother - Nikolai Alekseevich Stolypin (1781-1830; Lieutenant General, killed in Sevastopol during a riot), great-grandmother - Elizaveta Alekseevna Stolypina (married to Arsenyev; grandmother of M.Yu. Lermontov). Father P.A. Stolypin - Arkady Dmitrievich - adjutant general, participant in the Crimean War, who became a Sevastopol hero, friend of L.N. Tolstoy; at one time he was the orderly chieftain of the Ural Cossack army of the eastern Russian outpost, located in the vicinity of the Saratov province, where Stolypin had an estate; Through the efforts of Stolypin Sr., this Yaitsky (Ural) town significantly changed its appearance: it was replenished with cobbled streets and was built up with stone houses, for which the local population christened Arkady Dmitrievich "Peter the Great of the Ural Cossacks". Mother - Natalya Mikhailovna - nee Princess Gorchakova. Brother - Alexander Arkadyevich Stolypin (born in 1863) - journalist, one of the main figures of the "Union of October 17".
The Stolypin family owned two estates in the Kovno province, estates in the Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Penza and Saratov provinces. Pyotr Arkadyevich spent his childhood on the Srednikovo estate near Moscow (some sources indicate the estate in Kolnoberzh, not far from Kovno). He graduated from the first six classes at the Vilna gymnasium. He received further education at the Oryol male gymnasium, tk. in 1879 the Stolypin family moved to Oryol - at the place of service of his father, who served as the commander of an army corps. Of particular interest to Pyotr Stolypin was the study of foreign languages \u200b\u200band exact sciences. In June 1881, Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin was issued a certificate of maturity.
In 1881 P.A. Stolypin entered the natural sciences department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg University, where, in addition to physics and mathematics, he enthusiastically studied chemistry, geology, botany, zoology, and agronomy. Among the teachers was D.I. Mendeleev.
In 1884, after graduating from the university, P.A. Stolypin joined the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Two years later, he was transferred to the Department of Agriculture and Rural Industry of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property, where he held the position of assistant clerk, corresponding to the modest rank of college secretary. A year later, he joined the Ministry of the Interior as the Covenian district leader of the nobility and chairman of the Covenian congress of world mediators. In 1899 he was appointed the leader of the nobility of the Kovno province; soon P.A. Stolypin was selected as an honorary judge of the peace in the Insar and Kovno judicial-peace districts.
In 1902 P.A. Stolypin was appointed governor of Grodno. February 1903 to April 1906 was the governor of the Saratov province. At the time of Stolypin's appointment, about 150,000 inhabitants lived in Saratov, 150 factories and plants were operating, there were more than 100 educational institutions, 11 libraries, 9 periodicals. All this created the glory of the "capital of the Volga region" for the city, and Stolypin tried to consolidate this glory: the ceremonial laying of the Mariinsky women's gymnasium and an overnight house took place, new educational institutions, hospitals were built, the asphalting of Saratov streets, construction of a water supply system, gas lighting, modernization of the telephone network began. Peaceful transformations were interrupted by the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War.
In the post of governor of Saratov, Stolypin was also found by the first revolution (1905-1907). Saratov province, in which one of the centers of the Russian revolutionary underground was located, found itself in the center of revolutionary events, and the young governor had to confront two elements: the revolutionary, oppositional to the government, and the "right", "reactionary" part of society, standing on monarchist and Orthodox positions ... Already at that time, several attempts were carried out on Stolypin: they shot at him, threw bombs, terrorists in an anonymous letter threatened to poison Stolypin's youngest child, the three-year-old son of Arkady. A rich arsenal of means was used to fight the insurgent peasants - from negotiating to the use of troops. For the suppression of the peasant movement in the Saratov province, Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin - chamberlain of the court of His Imperial Majesty and the youngest governor of Russia - received the gratitude of Emperor Nicholas II.
April 26, 1906 P.A. Stolypin was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs in the cabinet of I.L. Goremykina. On July 8, 1906, after the dissolution of the First State Duma, Goremykin's resignation was announced and his replacement was Stolypin, who thus became the chairman of the Council of Ministers. The portfolio of the Minister of the Interior was left to him.
During July, Stolypin negotiated with Prince G.E. Lvov, Count Heiden, Prince E. Trubetskoy and other moderate liberal public figures, trying to attract them to his cabinet. The negotiations did not lead to anything and the cabinet remained almost unchanged, having received the name "the cabinet for the dispersal of the Duma." Having headed the cabinet of ministers, P.A. Stolypin proclaimed a course of social and political reforms. The agrarian ("Stolypin") reform was launched (according to some sources, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe agrarian "Stolypin" reform belonged to S.Yu. state insurance of workers, about religious tolerance.
The revolutionary parties could not reconcile with the appointment of a convinced nationalist and supporter of strong state power to the post of prime minister, and on August 12, 1906, an attempt was made on Stolypin's life: bombs were detonated at his dacha on Aptekarsky Island in St. Petersburg. At that moment, apart from the family of the head of government, there were also those who came to see him at the dacha. The explosion killed 23 people and injured 35; among the wounded were Stolypin's children - three-year-old son Arkady and sixteen-year-old daughter Natalya (Natalya's legs were disfigured and she was permanently disabled); Stolypin himself was not injured. As it soon became clear, the assassination attempt was carried out by a group of maximalist Socialist-Revolutionaries who had separated from the Socialist Revolutionary Party; the party itself did not take responsibility for the assassination attempt. At the suggestion of the sovereign, the Stolypin family moved to a safer place - to the Winter Palace.
In an effort to stop the wave of terrorist attacks, the instigators of which often evaded retaliation due to judicial delays and lawyer tricks, and to implement reforms, a number of measures were taken, among which was the introduction of "rapid-fire" military field courts ("rapid-fire justice") , whose sentences were to be confirmed by the commanders of military districts: the trial took place within 24 hours after the act of murder or armed robbery. The examination of the case could last no more than two days, the sentence was carried out in 24 hours. Stolypin was the initiator of the creation of military courts and the use of the death penalty (the rope for hanging began to be called among the people the "Stolypin tie"), claiming that he looked at the repression only as a temporary measure necessary to establish peace in Russia, that the military courts - a temporary measure, which should "break the wave of crime and go to eternity." In 1907, Stolypin achieved the dissolution of the 2nd State Duma and passed a new electoral law, which significantly strengthened the position of right-wing parties in the Duma.
In a short time, Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin was awarded a number of Tsarist awards. In addition to several Highest rescripts with expressions of gratitude, in 1906 Stolypin was granted the position of chamberlain, on January 1, 1907, he was appointed a member of the State Council, in 1908 - State Secretary.
Having fallen ill with croupous pneumonia in the spring of 1909, at the request of the doctors, Stolypin left Petersburg and spent about a month with his family in the Crimea, in Livadia. A talented politician, economist, lawyer, administrator, orator, Stolypin almost gave up his personal life, giving all his strength to the Russian state: chairmanship of the Council of Ministers convened at least twice a week, direct participation in meetings on current affairs and on legislative issues (meetings often dragged on until morning); reports, receptions, careful scanning of Russian and foreign newspapers, study of the latest books, especially those devoted to issues of state law. In June 1909 P.A. Stolypin was present at the meeting between the Emperor Nicholas II and the German Emperor Wilhelm II. The meeting took place in the Finnish skerries. On the Shtandart yacht, a conversation took place between Prime Minister Stolypin and Wilhelm II, who later, according to various testimonies, said: "If I had such a minister, to what height would we raise Germany!"
The king was an extremely weak-willed person and just as stubborn. Nicholas II did not tolerate in his surroundings neither people with a strong character, nor those who surpassed him in intelligence and breadth of outlook. He believed that such persons "usurp" his power, "wipe" the autocrat into the background, "rape" his will. That is why S.Yu. Witte, and now it was the turn of the second largest statesman after Witte in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century - P.A. Stolypin. The reforms conceived by him did not threaten the foundations of the autocracy, but the revolution was defeated, and, as Nicholas II and his prompters from the Council of the United Nobility believed, defeated forever, and therefore no reforms were required at all. From about 1909, petty but systematic nagging and slandering of the extreme right to the king on the head of government began. It was decided to create a Naval General Staff of two dozen people. Since this caused additional costs, Stolypin decided to bring his states through the Duma, which approved the budget. This was immediately followed by a denunciation to Nicholas II, who was "the supreme leader of the army" and believed that all matters about the armed forces were his personal competence. Nicholas II defiantly did not approve the bill on the states of the MGSH passed through the Duma and the State Council. At the same time, the "holy elder" G. Rasputin acquired considerable influence at the court. The scandalous adventures of the "elder" forced Stolypin to ask the tsar to expel Rasputin from the capital. In response to this, with a heavy sigh, Nicholas II replied: "I agree with you, Pyotr Arkadyevich, but it would be better to have ten Rasputins than one empress's hysteria." Having learned about this conversation, Alexandra Feodorovna hated Stolypin and, in connection with the government crisis, when approving the states of the Naval General Staff, insisted on his resignation.
In March 1911 a new crisis broke out and this time more serious for Stolypin. He decided to establish a zemstvo in the western provinces, introducing national curiae during the elections. The right-wingers hurried to give battle to Stolypin in the State Council and, having received the tacit permission of the tsar, voted against the national curiae, which constituted the core of the bill. The results of the vote came as a complete surprise to Stolypin, not because he did not know what the position of Durnovo, Trepov and their supporters was, but because they could not disobey the will of the tsar. The vote meant that Nikolai had betrayed his prime minister, and Stolypin could not help but understand this. At the next audience with the tsar, Stolypin resigned, stating that the legitimist leaders were leading the country to ruin, that they were saying: “There is no need to legislate, but only to govern,” that is, to abandon any modernization of the political system and its adaptation to a changed environment.
Stolypin was sure that he would receive his resignation, but this did not happen for two reasons. First, the tsar did not recognize the ministers' right to resign of their own accord, believing that this was the principle of a constitutional monarchy, while the autocrat should deprive the ministers of their posts only at his own discretion. And secondly, he was subjected to a rather unanimous attack by the Grand Dukes and the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, who believed that Stolypin was still the only person capable of leading Russia to a "bright future."
Thus, Nikolai did not accept the resignation of Stolypin, who, believing in his own strength, put forward a number of harsh conditions to the tsar. He agreed to take the resignation back if, firstly, the Duma and the State Council were disbanded for three days and the bill was passed under a special 87th article, which provided for the government's right to issue laws during the breaks of the legislative chambers. His main opponents are P.N. Durnovo and V.F. Trepov - Stolypin demanded that he be removed from the State Council, and from January 1, 1912, 30 new members be appointed there at his choice. The king did not say yes or no, but in the evening he was again attacked by the grand ducal family, demanding to yield. To some of the members of the Duma, Stolypin showed a sheet of paper on which the tsar's hand had written down all the conditions set for him.
One should have known well his sovereign, who had never forgiven anyone for such "forceful methods" in dealing with himself. Rumors spread about the imminent resignation of the prime minister. Stolypin's health began to fail, angina pectoris intensified. But, despite the illness and the clearly growing disgrace of the tsar, the prime minister persistently continues to work on reform projects - he plans to organize eight new ministries (labor, local government, nationalities, social security, confessions, research and exploitation of natural resources, health care, resettlement). to maintain them, he seeks measures for a threefold increase in the budget (introduction of direct taxes, turnover tax, increase in the price of vodka), plans to lower the zemstvo qualification in order to allow the owners of farms and workers who owned small real estate to local government.
According to various sources, from 10 to 18 attempts were made on the life of Pyotr Arkadyevich Stolypin.
Pyotr Arkadievich Stolypin died on September 5 (September 18, new style) 1911 in Kiev, as a result of an attempt on his life on September 1, 1911 during a performance at the Kiev theater.
150 years ago, on April 15, 1862 (April 3, O.S.), Pyotr Arkadievich Stolypin (1862-1911), Russian statesman, minister of the interior and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire (1906-1911), was born.
Petr Arkadievich Stolypin was born on April 15 (according to other sources April 14) 1862 in Dresden (Germany).
Father, Arkady Dmitrievich, was a participant in the defense of Sevastopol, during the Russian-Turkish war he was the governor-general of Eastern Rumelia in Bulgaria, later commanded the grenadier corps in Moscow, then was the commandant of the Kremlin Palace. Mother, Natalya Mikhailovna, nee Princess Gorchakova. Pyotr Stolypin spent his childhood first in the Srednikovo estate in the Moscow province, then in the Kolnoberzhe estate in the Kovno province (Lithuania).
In 1874 he was enrolled in the second grade of the Vilna gymnasium, where he studied until the sixth grade. He received further education at the Oryol male gymnasium, since in 1879 the Stolypin family moved to Oryol - at the place of service of his father, who served as the commander of an army corps.
In the summer of 1881, after graduating from the Oryol gymnasium, Pyotr Stolypin left for St. Petersburg, where he entered the natural sciences department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of St. Petersburg Imperial University.
In 1884 he began serving in the Ministry of the Interior.
In 1885 he graduated from the university and received a diploma on the award of the degree of candidate of the physics and mathematics faculty.
In 1886, Stolypin was enlisted to serve in the Department of Agriculture and Rural Industry of the Ministry of State Property.
In 1889, he was first appointed a district leader, and in 1899 - a provincial leader of the nobility in Kovno. In 1890 he was promoted to honorary magistrate. Stolypin initiated the creation of the Kovno Agricultural Society. At his suggestion, a "People's House" was built in Kovno, which included an overnight department and a tea house for the general population.
In 1902 he took over as governor of Grodno. Here Stolypin defended the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating farms on the German model; on his initiative, trade, Jewish and women's parish schools were opened in Grodno.
In February 1903, Pyotr Stolypin was appointed governor of one of the most troubled provinces - Saratov. In 1905, the Saratov province became one of the main centers of the peasant movement, which was decisively suppressed by Stolypin.
Under Stolypin in Saratov, the ceremonial laying of the Mariinsky women's gymnasium and an overnight house took place, new educational institutions, hospitals were built, the asphalting of Saratov streets, the construction of a water supply system, gas lighting, modernization of the telephone network began.
In April 1906, Pyotr Stolypin was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs, in July 1906, after the dissolution of the 1st State Duma, he became the head of the Council of Ministers of Russia, retaining the post of Minister of Internal Affairs.
In August 1906, an attempt was made on Pyotr Stolypin (a total of 11 attempts were made on Stolypin's life). Soon a decree was adopted in Russia on the introduction of military courts (after which the gallows was called "Stolypin's tie").
In January 1907, Stolypin was included in the State Council.
On June 3, 1907, the 2nd State Duma was dissolved and changes were made to the electoral law, which allowed the Stolypin government to begin reforms, the main of which was the agrarian one.
In January 1908, Stolypin was promoted to the rank of state secretary.
Stolypin went down in history as a reformer. He proclaimed a course of socio-political reforms, which included a broad agrarian reform (later called "Stolypin"), the main content of which was the introduction of private peasant land ownership. Under his leadership, a number of major bills were developed, including the reform of local self-government, the introduction of universal primary education, and religious tolerance.
The reforms carried out by him allowed Russia on the eve of the First World War to take the fifth place in the world in terms of economic growth in a short time, create a favorable investment and tax climate for industry and entrepreneurship.
Pyotr Arkadievich Stolypin was awarded with a number of Russian awards: the Orders of the White Eagle, Anna 1st degree, Vladimir 3rd degree, as well as foreign orders: Iskander - Salis (Bukhara), Serafimov (Sweden), St. Olaf (Norway); Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Mauritius and Lazarus (Italy); Grand Cross of the Order of the White Eagle (Serbia); Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (Great Britain); the order of the Prussian crown, etc.
He was an Honorary Citizen of Yekaterinburg (1911).
Pyotr Stolypin was married to Olga Neidgardt (1859-1944), daughter of the Chief Hoffmeister, the actual privy councilor of Boris Neidgardt. They had five daughters and a son.
On September 14 (1 old style), 1911, at the Kiev Opera House, in the presence of Tsar Nicholas II, another attempt was made on Stolypin's life. Dmitry Bogrov (a double agent who worked simultaneously for the Social Revolutionaries and the police) fired at him twice from a revolver. Four days later, on September 18 (5 according to the old style), 1911, Pyotr Stolypin died.
He was buried in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. A year later, on September 6, 1912, in Kiev, on the square near the City Duma, on Khreshchatyk, a monument was erected, erected with public donations. The author of the monument was the Italian sculptor Ettore Ximenez. Stolypin was depicted as if speaking from the Duma pulpit, the words he said that became prophetic were carved on the stone: "You need great upheavals - we need Great Russia." The monument was demolished in March 1917.
The tombstone from Stolypin's grave in the early 1960s was removed and preserved for many years in the bell tower in the Far Caves. The grave site was asphalted. In 1989, with the assistance of the People's Artist of the USSR Ilya Glazunov, the tombstone was restored in its original place.
Upholstered in red velvet, armchair number 17 of the second row of the stalls of the Kiev City Theater, near which Stolypin was killed, is currently in the Museum of the History of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Kiev.
In 1997, the "Stolypin Cultural Center" was opened in Saratov, in 2002 on the square near the Saratov Regional Duma