The constellation is a big bear - one of the most famous constellations located in the northern part of the sky. It refers to the octolane and in the northern hemisphere is seen all year round, although in the fall in the southern regions it can sink very low to the horizon. Majer Bucket is easy to find out, and it usually can easily find most people.
This constellation is located in the northern part of the sky, and you can find it at any time of the year. By winter it goes down to the horizon, then begins to rise higher. Overnight, it has time to describe a big arc, thanks to the daily rotation of the Earth. In the spring it is visible best.
Stars Constellation Big Bears
The constellation is a big bear much more than many people think, and is not limited to all the well-known "bucket" from seven stars. By area, it takes 3rd place among all constellations, after Hydra and the Virgin. With the naked eye in it you can see up to 125 stars.
The stars forming the "bucket" of a big bear, the brightest in this constellation, but also they have a brightness of about 2 star magnitude, except for the delta - its brilliance of 3.3m.
All stars "Bucket" have their own names - Duzhe, Merak, Fef, Caffa, Aliot, Mitsar, and Benetnash. The most famous of them, perhaps, Mitsar is a middle star in the "Buche" handle. This star is double, and with excellent eyesight you can find her satellite - alkor.
Stars of constellation Big Major.
Merak and Duzhe call pointers - if they spend the line through them and continue it further, then it will strengthen the polar star. The constellations are small and large bears are located nearby, which greatly facilitates the task of searching for a polar star.
All the stars "Bucket" are a big bear, thanks to approximately the same brightness, seem equally remote from us. In fact, this is not at all. Some of these stars are closer, and some are much further than others. What they form such a figure is just a matter of case. Thanks to its own movement of stars in space, over time, the figure of this constellation is very changing. After 10 thousand years, people will not see such a form in the sky, as it was not 10 thousand years ago. However, 5 of these stars are flying in one direction and are similar in their characteristics, which allows you to think about their relationship in terms of general origin. They are called a moving group of stars big bear.
The big bear is a constellation in which there are a lot of double and even multiple stars, but most of them are either too dull, or too close to observe most amateur telescopes. There are also many stars variable here, but they also need a telescope or good binoculars to study them.
Mitsar - Six Color System
Mitsar is a middle star in the "Bucket" handle of a big bear. It is curious about the fact that this is a double star, one of the most famous and simple for observation. The second component has the name Alcor - this is a weak star with a 02.02m glitter, located at a distance of 12 angular minutes. See Alkor next to Mitsar with a naked eye can only people with excellent vision, so it has long been considered a kind of test to verify vision.
For a long time there was no evidence of the physical interconnection of Mitsar and Alcora, because in space the distance between them is a quarter of the day year, and the orbital movement of stars is very slow. In 2009, such evidence was obtained, and now it is known that the system of Mitsar - Alkor is actually not even double, but six color!
Mitsar himself even in a small telescope is visible as a double star - the distance between its components A and B is 15 angular seconds, and the stars have shine about 4m. However, each of these components is also a close double system! Total, Mitsar is a fourfold star. Component A consists of a pair of hot white stars, each of which is 3.5 times more and 2.5 times the massive sun. The stars of the component B are also white stars, but somewhat less - twice as much, and 1.6 times heavier than the sun.
Alkor is also not as simple as it seems. This is a double system consisting of a hot white star twice the massive and more sun, and red dwarf, four times easier than the sun and three times less.
Total, in the Mitsar system, we can see a curious set of five almost identical hot white stars and one red dwarf. Approximately the same interesting six-time system is located in is the star of Castor.
Star variables in big bear
More than 2,800 stars are known in this constellation, but most of them can be seen only with a powerful telescope. Three of them are rather curious - W, R and VY big bear, and they can be observed with binoculars or telescope.
W Big Mesman
This is an essay variable, similar to the famous Algol, but here everything is much extreme. There are a pair of white stars, sizes and mass comparable with sunny, are so close to each other, which is practically touching. Due to such a close location under the action of a neighbor's gravity, each star took an elongated egg shape, and when contacting around the total center of gravity, these stars are always turned to each other with one, convex side. In this place they even exchange each other.
When rotating in orbit, one of the stars in this pair pair periodically closes (overshadows) the other, and the overall brightness of the system is reduced. In addition, the stars are visible to the wide, elongated side, then narrow. Therefore, the brightness W large bear is constantly changing from 7.8 to 8.6m. The full period is only 8 hours - these stars make the turn around the friend near each other. Therefore, the whole cycle can be stored overnight.
R Bolshoi Major
This is a variable star that refers to the Mirid class. Its brilliance changes in very wide limits - at the maximum of brilliance (6.7m) it can be seen in binoculars, and a rather powerful telescope will be needed in a minimum (13.4m). Period of gloss oscillations - about 300 days.
Vy Big Mesmen.
Compared with the previous one, it is a pretty bright star - its shine changes within 5.9 - 6.5m. So it can be easily observed in 8-10-fold binoculars. This is a half-way variable - it has a period of 180 days, but irregular oscillations are imposed on it.
We advise you to just look at this star, even if you are not going to observe the changes to her shine. The fact is that it is one of the carbon stars, that is, this is a giant, in the atmosphere of which there are a lot of carbon. Because of this, the star has a rich red color that dramatically highlights it against the background of ordinary stars.
In the constellation, a large bear is a lot of other curious objects, mostly galaxies. Some of them can be found even in binoculars, but they will be discussed.
To learn the starry sky more productively, we advise you to use.
Big Dipper
Big Dipper \\ Ursa Major - the constellation of the northern hemisphere of the sky. Seven stars of a large bear make up a figure resembling a bucket with a handle. The two brightest stars - aliot and dubhe - have a brilliance of 1.8 visible star magnitude. For two extreme stars of this figure (α and β), you can find a polar star. The best conditions for visibility - in March-April. It can be seen throughout Russia all year round (with the exception of the autumn months in the south of Russia, when a large bear is lowered low to the horizon). The number of stars brighter 6.0m - 125.
First classification - Yerk classification Taking into account the luminosity (ICC). An additional factor affecting the type of spectrum is the density of the external stars, dependent, in turn, from its mass and density, that is, ultimately, from luminosity. Especially strongly depend on the luminosity of SRII, BAII, FEII, TIII, which leads to the difference in the spectra of the giants and dwarfs of the same Harvard spectral classes. The dependence of the type of spectrum on the luminosity is reflected in a newer jerk classification developed in the Yerk Observatory (Yerkes Observatory), F. Kinan and E. Kelman, also called the ICC on the initials of its authors. In accordance with this classification, the star is attributed to the Harvard spectral class and class of luminosity: 
Second classification - Main (Harvard) Spectral Classification, developed in the Harvard Observatory in 1890-1924, is a temperature classification based on the form and relative intensity of the absorption lines and the emission of the spectra of the stars. Inside the class of stars are divided into subclasses from 0 (the hottest) to 9 (the coldest). The Sun has a spectral class G2 and an equivalent temperature of the photosphere 5780 K.
Stars Constellation Big Malar
Alieot. \\ Epsilon Big Majoris (ε Ursae Majoris) is the brightest star in the constellation. Located on 33th place in brightness among all stars in the visible part of the sky. Aliot is at a distance of 80.84 of the light year from the ground. Star - A0PCR - white variable stars type α² racing pieces. It has a strong magnetic field (100 times stronger than the Earth field) splits different elements of the hydrogen fuel of the star, then the angle of rotation axis to the axis of the magnetic field combines various elements sorted by magnetic properties, in one line, visible between alive and earth. Elements react differently with different light frequencies, refracted by it, because of which alive is visible extremely strange spectral lines, which fluctuate with a period of 5.1 days. In the case of an alimate, the axis of rotation and the magnetic field are at an angle of almost 90 degrees to each other. Star temperature - 9 400K.
Dubhe (α Ursae Majoris) - the second in the brightness of the star. Duzhe is a multiple star, the main component is an orange giant K0III, located at the healer burning stage. Its temperature is 6400K. Star 300 times brighter and diameter 15 times more. The second F0V and the third F8 Star - the stars of the main sequence. Distance between Stars A and B - 23 AE, A and C - 8000 A.E. Duzhe is at a distance of about 123.5 sv. years.
Benetnash \\ This (η Ursae Majoris) is a white-blue star of the main sequence B3 V. Benetnash already 10 million years old. The star is at a distance of about 100 st. from the sun. Its temperature - 22 000k. She is 6 times more than the sun and 1350 times luminosity.
Mitsar - Algor (ζ UMA) - system of stars from 6 components. Two stars Mitsar A, 2 stars Mitsar in and 2 stars Alkor. The main stars are Alkor and Mitsar.
Mitsar - Dwarf A1V. It is located at a distance of about 78.07 light years. Its temperature is 9000k. Mitsar B has a star magnitude 4.0 and the spectral class A7, the distance between Mitsar A and Mitsar B - 380 a. e., the period of circulation is several thousand years.
Alcore is an elder amount of Alcora 4.02, the spectral class A5 V. The distance between Mitsar and Alkor is more than a quarter of the day year. It is at a distance of 81.06 st. years. Its temperature is 8200K.
Merak \\ BETA URSAE MAJORIS (β Ursae Majoris) - Dwarf A1V. 3 times the mass of solar and 2 times more solar radius. She is 68 times more than the luminosity of the sun. Temperature - 9400K. It is located at a distance of 79.32 light years (24.4 parses).
Fekda \\ Gamma Ursae Majoris (γ Ursae Majoris) - Dwarf A0VE SB. Weight 2.7 times more solar, as well as radius 3 times more. Its temperature is 9800K. It is at a distance of 83. 55 sv. years (25.5 parses) It is surrounded by a gas shell. The star rotates very quickly, its speed is 178 km / s. Her age is estimated 300 million years.
Mentence \\ Delta (Δ Ursae Majoris) - Dwarf A3 V. Metritis 63% more than the mass of the Sun, 1.4 times more than the radius of the sun. It shines at 14 times more and its temperature is 9480K. She has a gas disc at 16 a. e. The star has 2 weak companion.
Tanya North \\ Lambda (λ Ursae Majoris) - White Subgiant A2 IV. It is removed at a distance of 134.2 st. years (42 parseca) from the Earth. She is now 410 million years old. The star has 240% of the mass and 230% of the radius of the Sun and radiates 37% more. Its temperature is 9100K.
Taniya South \\ MJA Big Majoris (μ Ursae Majoris) - Red Giant M0 IIIAB. Its radius is 75 times more than the sun. Its temperature is about 3700K. The star is located at 248.5 St. years. The star is a half-way variable, but after additional observations, it is believed that the star has a companion with a reuteur of rotation of 230 days.
North Talita \\ Talitha Borealis (ι Ursae Majoris) - white subgant A7 IV. It is at a distance of 47.68 s. years (14.5 parses). Yota will steal out of three components: Yota Large Bears A, 9th iota magnitude big bear B (M1 V) and 10th iota magnitude big bear c (/ m1 v). These two stars rotate each other with a period of 39.7 years, and are separated by about a distance of 0.7 angular seconds. Yota and 1.7 times more by weight and 1.5 times more along the sun radius. Its temperature is 7900K. Luminativity is 9 times more than the sun.
Talita South \\ Kappa (κ Ursae Majoris) - Double Star. Both stars are white dwarfs A0IV-V + A0V. The orbital period of circulation from 36 to 74 years. These stars are removed from us at 422.5 light years. Their temperature is about 9400K. Both stars will be subgigans. Each star rotates more than 201 km / s. (about 3 days). Brightness 290/250 solar.
Alula North \\ NU (ν Ursae Majoris) - is a double star. Home Star Orange Giant K3 III. Its luminosity is 1355 times more than the sun, and the radius is 76 times more. The temperature is about 4300k. And mass 4 times more sun. Stars are distant from us at a distance of 420.9 St. years. The second star is the yellow dwarf G1V, whose luminosity is greater than 30% of the sun.
Alula South \\ KSI (ξ Ursae Majoris) - Star System. That this double system understood still the hives of Herschel on May 2, 1780. It was the first visual double star, whose orbit was calculated by Felix Savari in 1828. Two stars - yellow dwarfs G0 VE / G0 VE of the main sequence. They are classified as variables RS racing pieces. The temperature of ~ 5900 K. Their mass, radius and luminosity are only slightly higher than the sun, and their metals are also similar. Each star has a companion. At the star Alula AA Class M3. Alula Ba has a companion - brown dwarf or red dwarf, and even orange dwarf. In addition, astrometric data indicate the existence of the third companion in this subsystem. Stars are from us at 33.94 light years.
Alkafzah \\ Chi (χ URSAE Majoris) - orange giant K0.5IIB. It is located at a distance of 195.8 St. years from the Earth. Star more than 20 times the radius of the sun. Its temperature 4700K. She shines 172 times the sun. Its rotation speed is 1.15 km / s. (1000 days). The age of the star is at least 1000 million years.
Tien Tsan. \\ Psi (ψ Ursae Majoris) is an orange giant K1 III. The star is at a distance of 146.7 sv. years from the Earth. It is 20 times more than the radius of the sun. And emits 148 times. Temperature - 4500K. Rotation around its axis - 1.1 km / s (1 turnover in 2.6 years). Tien Tsan began its life 300 million years as the blue-white stars of the basic sequence B7 and finish their days in the form of white dwarf weighing about 0.7 masses of the Sun.
23 Ursae Majoris - Yellow subghang F0IV. It is located at a distance of 75.41 sv. years. Its temperatures 7300k. She shines 14 times more than the sun and radius 2.5 times more. The speed of rotation is 147 km / s (1 turnover - 20.4 hours). Star is a variable type Delta shield. She has a satellite Orange Dwarf K7V. Weight of 0.63 solar.
Muscida. \\ OMICRON (ο Ursae Majoris) is a yellow giant G4 II-III. It is at a distance of about 183.4 st. years. Its mass is about 2.42 masses of the sun. Radius 14 times more solar. Rades at 138 times more. Its temperature is 5282k. The star has a companion - M1V red dwarf, which is a Rengen source.
Upsilon (υ Ursae Majoris) - Double Star. Main component Yellow subghante F2 IV. This variable star type shield type. Rotation speed 124 km / s. (1.4 days). Its temperature is 7300 K. Lightness 30 times more than the sun. The star has a satellite - red dwarf M0v. With a mass of o, 5 solar. Stars are located at a distance of 114.9 St. years from the Earth.
φ Big Mesmen. - A3iv subfigan. It is at a distance of about 436.1 St. years. Its temperature is 8900K. 2.5 times more by mass of the sun.
Theta. (θ Ursae Majoris) - Dual Stars System. Home Star - Yellow Subgigant F6 IV. They are located at a distance of 43.93 sv. years from the Earth. It is 141% more than the sun and 250% more in the radius. She is already 2.2 billion years old. Its temperature is 6500K. The Mac Donald Observatory suggests that the star has planets with a mass between 0.24 and 4.6 masses of Jupiter and orbit from 0.05 to 5.2 A.E.
Far Space Objects in Constellation Big Malar
Nebula
M 97. - Owl Nebula - Planetary Nebula. The first insoler - Pierre bias 16.02. 1781 The nebula is located at a distance of 2598 sv. years from us. Photographic star value (B) - 12.0. Visible sizes 3.4 "× 3.3". Nebula - cylindrical light ring. The owl of the owls was formed 6,000 years ago. The central star now has a mass of 0.7 masses of the Sun and a star magnitude - 16. What would be good to see the nebula need a telescope from 150 - 200mm. The size in the diameter is 2.2 sv. of the year.
Galaxies
Galaxy cigar \\ M82 - incorrect galaxy with powerful star formation. Type I0 EDGE-ON. Increased star formation is possible caused by gravitational interaction of the galaxy bode, this interaction began about 100 million years. Because of the gravitational interaction, they believed, it became incorrect. In infrared studies, distorted spiral rukov were discovered. Star formation is already 50 million years old. The Hubble telescope discovered in the galaxy of 197 star clusters. The frequency of supernova explosions - once every 10 years. In the center there is a black hole 30 million times more than the mass of the Sun. As well as the existence of small black holes weighing 500 times more than the mass of the Sun is found. Most of the stars in the galaxy were born 500 million years ago. The galaxy is at a distance of 12.09 million St.let. Red shift - 203 ± 4 km / s. Visible sizes - 11` 2 × 4`.3. Size in the diameter - 39420 sv. years.
Galaxy Bode- M81 - SB spiral galaxy. The first Johann Bode opener in 1774. The large radiation in the infrared range comes from cosmic dust in the spiral handguards of the galaxy due to the formation of the stars. In 1993, a supernova type IIB broke out in the Galaxy. The galaxy is at a distance of 11.7 million. years. (3.6 parses). The galaxy contains about 250 billion stars, less than in the Milky Way. The galaxy of the baud is in gravitational interaction with the spiral galaxy NGC 3077. This effect takes off the hydrogen layer from 3 galaxies (M81, M82 and NGC 3077) and leads to stars in the centers of galaxies. The M81, M82 galaxies are visible in a telescope from 75 mm., For the difference in details, a telescope with aperture from 20cm is needed. The galaxy is at a distance of 12 Milnes St. years. Visible dimensions 24.9 "× 11.5". Photographic star magnitude MB 7.8. Red shift -0.000140 ± 0.000040. The size in the diameter is 86,980 st. years.
Galaxy Vertushka - M 101 - SA (SR) C spiral galaxy. The first discovere room - Pierre Messenge 27.03.1781. Galaxy The turntable is very similar to the Milky Way: Spiral sleeves and a small compact baljew express pronounced. But the "turntable" is more "Milky Way" in size. Its diameter - 206,000 sv. years. Previously, the turntrate was tested with collisions with other galaxies, which follows from some asymmetry. In this galaxy, on August 24, 2011, a supernova type IA was launched. This was the fourth supernova seen from the ground. Were still in 1909, 1951 and 1970 The galaxy is removed from us at 24.57 million St. years. (8 megaparsek). Visible dimensions 27 "× 26". Photographic star magnitude MB 8.2. Red shift - 0.0013 ± 0.0002. The galaxy can be observed in a diameter telescope from 50 mm. With good conditions and the diameter of the telescope from 150mm, you can explore the details: stars and spiral hand.
M 108. - Spiral galaxy with a jumper (SC). It was opened by Pierremba 4 02/16/1781. The galaxy is visible almost from the rib. This galaxy has a lot of about 125 billion masses of the Sun. And includes 290 ± 80 ball clusters. With the help of the Rengen Observatory, Chandra has found 83 Rengen sources. In the center there is a supermassive black hole equal to 24 million solids of the Sun. Photographic star magnitude MB 10.6. Red displacement +0.002328 ± 0.000003. The galaxy is at a distance of 44.97 million St. years from us. The size in the diameter is 112,000 sv. years.
m 109. - Spiral galaxy with a Jumper SB (RS) BC. It is located at a distance of 54.96 million light years from the Earth and removes 1142 km / s. The first discovere room - Pierre Messenge 12.04.1781. The galaxy has 3 skewers: UGC 6923 galaxies, UGC 6940 and UGC 6969, possibly more. In March 1956 In the galaxy m 109, a supernova IA broke out. Photographic star magnitude MB 10.6. Red shift +0.003496 ± 0.000010. The size in the diameter is 120,000 sv. years.
NGC 2768. - Elliptical galaxy (E6). The first opener William Gershel 19.04. 1790 Red shift +0.004590 ± 0.000250. Speed \u200b\u200b- (+1373 ± 5) km / s. Photographic star magnitude MB 10.9. It is at a distance of 62.89 million St. years from the Earth. Size in the diameter - 117 200 st. years.
NGC 2841. - Spiral Galaxy (SB). The first discovere room is William Gershel 09.03.1788. It is located at a distance of 51.5 million St. years from the Earth. Red shift +0.002121 ± 0.000003. Photographic star magnitude MB 10.1. Visible dimensions of 8.1 "× 3.5". The size in the diameter is 121,400 s. years.
NGC 2976. - Spiral galaxy SC / P. First Openman - William Germel 8.11.1801g. A lot of dark stripes and star bunches will be demolished in the galaxy. She has no clear spiral sleeves due to gravitational interaction with neighboring galaxies M81 and M82. Photographic star magnitude MB 10.8. Red offset +0.000040 ± 0.000070. It is at a distance of 11.99 million St. years from the Earth. The size in the diameter is 20,600 st. years.
NGC 3077. - Spiral Galaxy (SD). First Openman - William Germel 08.11.1801g. The galaxy has an active core. The galaxy is at a distance of 12.96 million St. years. Photographic star magnitude MB 10.6 Visible dimensions 5.2 "× 4.7" Red displacement +0.000040 ± 0.000013. The size in the diameter is 19,600 s. years.
NGC 3184. - Spiral galaxy with a jumper (SBC). First Officer William Germel 18.03.1787. The galaxy is at a distance of about 36.84 million St. years from the Earth. NGC 3184 is characterized by a high content of heavy elements. In 1999, this galaxy broke out supernova type II; In addition, the NGC 3184 is characterized by a high content of heavy metals. Red shift 0.001975. The size in the diameter is 79,400 st. years.
NGC 3198. - Spiral galaxy with a jumper (SBC). First Officer William Gershel 15.01.1788. Visible dimensions 8.5 "× 3.3" photographic star magnitude MB 10.9. It is at a distance of 47.93 million St. years. The size in the diameter is 118,600 st. years.
NGC 3359. - Spiral galaxy with a jumper (SBC). First Officer William Germel 28.11.1793g. Visible dimensions 7.2 "× 4.4" Photographic star magnitude MB 11.0 Red displacement +0.003376 ± 0.000007. It is at a distance of 42.38 million St. years. from the earth. The size in the diameter is 88,800 s. years.
NGC 3675. - Spiral Galaxy (SB). First Openman - William Gershel 14.01.1788. Visible dimensions 5.9 "× 3.1" photographic star magnitude MB 10.8. Red displacement +0.002542 ± 0.000033. It is at a distance of 67.97 million St. years from the Earth. The size in the diameter is 116,800 than years.
NGC 3726. - Spiral galaxy with a jumper (SBC). First Officer William Germel 05.02.1788. Visible dimensions 6.0 "× 4.1" photographic star magnitude MB 10.9 red displacement +0.002872 ± 0.000027
NGC 3938. - Spiral Galaxy (SC). In the galaxy, the outbreaks of three supernovae were registered: SN 1961U, SN 1964L and SN 2005ay. The number of objects registered in NGC 3938 is 164 objects. The galaxy is at a distance of about 43 million St. years from the Earth. Visible dimensions 5.4 "× 4.9" photographic star magnitude MB 10.8
NGC 3953. - SBBC spiral galaxy. The first opener William Gershel 04/12/1789 In the galaxy, outbreaks of two supernovae were recorded: SN 2001DP and SN 2006BP. Visible dimensions 6.9 "× 3.6" Photographic star magnitude MB 10.6 Red displacement +0.003509 ± 0.000027
NGC 4051 - SBBC spiral galaxy. First Officer William Germel 06.02.1788. The center of the spiral galaxy NGC 4051 is a supermassive black hole, which throws from 2 to 5 percent accretioning substances on it. Visible dimensions 5.2 "× 3.9" photographic star magnitude MB 10.8. Red shift +0.002336
NGC 4605. - Spiral Galaxy SBC / P. The first opener William Gershel 04/19/1790g. Visible dimensions 5.9 "× 2.4" Photographic star magnitude MB 10.8 Red shift +0.000484 ± 0.000020. It is at a distance of 17.59 million St. years from the Earth. The size in the diameter is 30,200 s. years.
IC 2574. (Coddington nebula) - Dwarfish incorrect galaxy. She has 2 sleeves of the wrong shape. Galaxy 2 times less than the Milky Way. The first EDWARD FOSTER CODDINGTON opener in 1898. 90% in the Galaxy - Dark Matter. The galaxy is at a distance of 11.76 million St. years. Visible dimensions 12.3 "× 5.9". Size in the diameter - 44,040 sv. years
The most noticeable and well-known constellation without exception is, of course, a big bear. More precisely, it's clearly visible on the night sky she does not herself, but her part is a big bucket. If you look good, then you can see from the bottom and right from it a few more stars, which make up the paws and the head of the bear. The form of this constellation is really very exciting. After all, no one has never been sirred by bears with such long-standing tails.
The number of bright stars in the bucket of a big bear is clear to everyone. They are exactly seven. The name of these asters was given by Arab astrologers in the Middle Ages.
For our ear, their "names" are actually strange:
- Meraka.
- Mitsar.
- For example.
- Mentence.
- Dubge.
- Aliot.
- Benetnash.
From the ground, these stars seem equidistant. In fact, this is distant not so. The number of bright stars in the bucket of a big bear - seven and they are all from the ground and the sun are not at equal distances.
Begetnomash is located closer to our planet. Until the dalued star - Aliota - sixty light years. Nevertheless, it looks brighter than begetyash. This is the brightest and brilliant bucket object. According to the visible intensity of the emitted light, all the stars of this part of the big bear are close to the 2nd magnitude stars.
Decent facts
If you closely look at one of the stars of the bucket - Mitsar, you can see a weak flicker right near it. This is explained very simple. Mitsar is not an ordinary star, but double.
The object located right next to it is called alkor. With Arabic, these two words are translated as a "horse" and "rider". Alkore and Mitsar is one of the most noteworthy from the Earth of Double Stars.
The number of bright stars in the bucket of a big bear - seven. However, if you look at it in binoculars or a telescope, you can see two more small smear of the world. Unlike stars, they look fuzzy and blurred. So look from the earth long galaxies. Polards located in Cunce are called Whirlpool and Pinwheel.
Rotation of a huge bucket
The fact that our land is not worth it, it is clear to any studio. Due to its movement, it seems that the stars in the sky are spinning. Not exception in this regard and bucket. In winter and autumn, a large bear is located in the northern part of the night sky, not too high from the horizon. In the spring and summer, this most noteworthy constellation can be built in almost the zenith. And at this time of the year, the big bear looks overnight.
Heavenly compass
So, the number of bright stars in the bucket of a big bear - exactly seven. Two of them can serve as a guideline for those who are on the way. The fact is that it is easy for it to find the most famous star of the world - Polar. Make it easy. It is only necessary to hold an imaginary line on two outer stars of the bucket bowl. Next on it should be measured about the distance between them. The polar star itself is located almost over the northern pole.
In the pressing times, when there were no navigation instruments yet, it served as a guide for all navigators and travelers. So, if you suddenly find yourself in a difficult situation in an unfamiliar area - look at the constellation of a big bear. The polar star found on it will indicate you the road to the north. This small and not too bright heavenly object has already distinguished more than once, in a taiga, in the desert or at sea. A polar star heads the nearest neighbor of a big bear - a small bear. The area of \u200b\u200bthe location of both of these "animals" is considered to systematize astrologers of the octopolar.
How many stars in big bear
Of course, in the very constellation of stars even more than in the most notable part of it - the bucket. Currently, they are clear about 125. This is over a hundred bright objects, against which the sun would look like a small and non-rigid glowing point. The closest star to the ground, unfortunately, is not even visible to the naked eye. It also has no name. For astronomical systematization, it passes as a star of 7.5 m. Light from her to the ground goes about 8.25 years. It is almost twice as much as from the closest stars close to us - Alpha Centaur. Thus, the answer to the question of how many stars in the big bear is simple - more than one hundred and not they are all visible without a telescope or binoculars. To see in the bucket of a wild animal with a long tail, you really need to have a rather rich imagination.
Legend of Big Malar
Of course, about such noticeable objects of the night sky, like the stars of constellations a big bear, simply cannot not exist many different kind of myths and legends. The most popular legend about her was invented by the Greeks. The chronicles of this old country tell that once the Tsar Arkadia had an unusually beautiful daughter Callisto. And so this woman was burned with his attractiveness, which dared to compete with the hero, his wife Zeus. A furious goddess, using his mystical power, of course, dismissed the Gardechka, turning it into the Major. Returned at this time with the hunt of the son of Callisto Arcas, seeing the door of the palace of a wild animal, decided to kill him. However, at the last moment he was stopped alone to beauty Zeus. After salvation, Callisto was raised to the sky. The stars of the bucket of a big bear - it is she. At the same time, the Supreme God raised his beautiful dog to the sky and his beloved dog. Now she is known under the name of a small bear.
Right constellations
The stars in the constellation are a big bear, or rather in her bucket - the most noteworthy in the night sky. However, besides a small bear, in the area there are several other recognizable constellations. Landmark for finding one of them can be the same polar star. Behind her, with the opposite side of the side, approximately at the same distance, bangs familiar to many by the name of Cassiopeia. Outside, this constellation is similar to the Russian beech "M". With some positions of the land, Cassiopeia "turns over" and takes the form of Latin W.
Between it and a small bear can be seen not as notable, but also the notorious constellation Cefhea. It does not have a clear viewing form. Between the big and small bear, it is also easy to see the wriggling dragon. The chain of its stars is easily connected on the map of the broken line.
Well, hopefully, we answered the main question of the article on how many luminous permanent objects are in the big bear. In the ladle of them only seven. The main constellation contains in itself about 125 distant "Suns".
how many stars in big bear? And got the best answer
Answer from Daniel Friedman [Guru]
The big bear consists of seven stars. .
All the stars of the bucket have their own Arabic names: DUBKH (α large bear) means "bear"; Meraka (β) - "Lonent"; Fef (Γ) - "Hip"; Mentence (Δ) - "Start of the tail"; Alimate (ε) - the meaning is not clear; Mitsar (ζ) - "Kushak" or "outlined bandage". The last star in the handle of the bucket is called Benetnash or Alcaid (η); In Arabic "Al-Caeda Banat Our" means "the leader of the placker".
Big Major (Lat. Ursa Major) - the constellation of the northern hemisphere of the sky. Seven stars of a large bear make up a figure resembling a bucket with a handle. The two brightest stars - aliot and dubhe - have a brilliance of 1.8 visible star magnitude. For two extreme stars of this figure (α and β), you can find a polar star. The best conditions for visibility - in March-April. Seen throughout Russia.
Big Malar - the third in the Square of the Constellation Constellations, seven bright stars of which form a famous large bucket; This asterism is known from antiquity in many nations under different names: Plow, elk, wagon, seven wise men, etc.
Another embodiment of the attracting of asterism is reflected in the alternative name of the catatball and the placam. Here, asterism is conceived by the funeral procession: ahead of the castor, headed by the leader, for them the burial stretchers. This gives an explanation to the name of the star η of the big bear "leader of the placker".
It is curious that 5 internal stars of the bucket (except for the extreme α and η) are indeed forming a single group in the space - a moving cluster of a large bear, which is quite quickly moving across the sky; Duzhe and Benetnash move to the other side, so the form of the bucket varies significantly about 100,000 years.
Stars Merak and Duzhe, forming a bucket wall, called pointers, because spectacles spent through them rests in a polar star (in the constellation of a small bear). All stars bucket have a shine of 2-3 star magnitude.
Next to Mitsar, who was the second among the double stars found in the telescope (J. Riccholi in 1650), the temper eye sees a star of 4 magnitudes Alkor (80 big bear) that in Arabic means "forgotten", or "insignificant." It is believed that the ability to distinguish the Alcor star from ancient times was a recognized vigorous check. A pair of stars Mitsar and Alcor often interpreted as an asterism "Horse and rider".
Answer from 2 response[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: how many stars in the big bear?
\u003e Big Major
| An object | Designation | Meaning of the name | Object type | Star quantity |
| 1 | M40. | Not | Double Star | 8.40 |
| 2 | M81. | Galaxy Bode | Spiral galaxy | 6.90 |
| 3 | M82. | Cigar | Spiral galaxy with a jumper | 8.40 |
| 4 | M97 | Nebula Owl | Planetary nebula | 9.90 |
| 5 | M101 | Vertushka | Spiral galaxy | 7.90 |
| 6 | M108. | Not | Spiral galaxy | 10.00 |
| 7 | M109 | Not | Spiral galaxy | 9.80 |
| 8 | Alieot. | "Black Horse" | White Blue Subcarlik | 1.77 |
| 9 | Dubhe | "Big Bear Back" | White Blue Subcarlik | 1.79 |
| 10 | Benetnash | "League of Posterchers" | Blue Subgiant | 1.86 |
| 11 | Mitsar | "Belt" | Blue Subgiant | 2.27 |
| 12 | Merak | "Groin" | Blue Subgiant | 2.37 |
| 13 | Fekda | "High Bear" | Blue Subgiant | 2.44 |
| 14 | Psi Big Mesmen | Not | Orange giant | 3.01 |
| 15 | Yota Big Mesmen | "Third Northern" | Blue subcarlik | 3.14 |
| 16 | TTET Big Mesmen | Not | Double star system | 3.17 |
| 17 | Mentence | "Tail base" | Blue Subgiant | 3.31 |
| 18 | Oomikron big bear | "Maid Bear" | Double Star | 3.35 |
| 19 | Lambda big bear | "Two North" | Blue subcarlik | 3.45 |
| 20 | Nude Big Mesmen | "First North" | Orange giant | 3.48 |
| 21 | MJ big bear | "Second South" | Blue Subgiant | 3.57 |
| 22 | Kappa big bear | Not | Double star system | 3.60 |
| 23 | X big bear | Not | Orange giant | 3.69 |
| 24 | Jesilon Big Mesmen. | Not | Double star system | 3.78 |
| 25 | KSI Big Mesmen | "First South" | Double star system | 3.79 |
| 26 | Algor | "Forgotten" | Blue Subgiant | 4.01 |
How to find constellation Big Mesmen. In the Northern Sky: Star Sky map, description with photos and scheme, myth, facts, Messier objects, main stars, big bucket.
Big Major - Constellationwhich is located in the Northern Sky and from Latin "Ursa Major" is translated as a big bear.
The big bear in the sky is the largest northern constellation and the third in the overall list. Bright stars create recognizable asterism - a large bucket, which can be found on the site. They knew about him in many cultures, so they created many myths. In the second century, he recorded in the Ptolemy catalog.
Myth, Facts, Position and Card Constellation Big Malar
The big bear is not only a major, but also a very ancient constellation, which was still homeward in the Bible. There are a lot of stories and fairy tales worldwide. The ancient Greeks believed that it was about Callisto - beautiful nymph, who gave a vow of celibacy in the temple of Artemis. But Zeus fell in love with her, seduced and the son of Arkas appeared.
When Artemis learned about it, then drove Callisto. But here the angry gera entered the game (Zeus's wife). She was so hurt for treason, which turned the nymph into the bear. In such a look, the girl spent 15 years, living in the forest and hiding from hunters. But Arcas grew up and once they encountered. Arcas was frightened and pulled out a spear, but Zeus managed on time and sent both swirl on the sky. Of course, it was even more angry with Gera. She asked for the ocean and Tethys not to allow the bear to swim in the northern waters. That is why the big bear never goes beyond the horizon in northern latitudes.
According to another story, the punishment got from Artemis. After many years, Callisto and Arcas are together in captivity and go to the king of Likayon in the quality of the gift. But they run and hide in the temple of Zeus. God saves them and sends to heaven.
There is also an absolutely different myth of adastra. She was Nymph, who cared about Zeus in infancy. His father crown listened to the prediction of the oracle (the child will overthrow the father) and killed all his children. But Ray (mother) slipped a stone instead of Zeus and saved the baby. Adastralia, together with the go, was fed and cared for him and in gratitude he sent them to heaven.
The Romans called the constellation of the big bear "Septentrio" - "Seven oxen plows", although only two of them were displayed by bulls, and the rest are the cart. In the big bear saw different animals: camel, shark, skunk, as well as objects: sickle, cart, canoe. The Chinese are called 7 stars of Sing in honor of the government. The Indians had 7 wise men, and the constellation is called Saptarts.
In some Indian fairy tales, a large bear displaced a large bear, and the stars are warriors who have declared her hunting. In the fall, it lowers low, so it is believed that the leaves are blushing due to the blood dripping from wound animal.
In the late American history, the constellation referred to the railway, according to which slaves found the path to the north. There are many songs that were liberated sang in the south, dreaming of a new life.
Facts, position and map of constellation Big Malar
With an area of \u200b\u200b1280 square degrees, the constellation of a large bear is in third place in size. Covers the second quadrant in the northern hemisphere (NQ2). You can find in latitudes from + 90 ° to -30 °. Roads with, and.
| Big Dipper | |
|---|---|
| Lat. name | Ursa Major. |
| Abbreviation | Uma. |
| Symbol | Big Dipper |
| Direct climb | from 7 H 58 m to 14 H 25 m |
| Declining | from + 29 ° to + 73 ° 30 ' |
| Area | 1280 sq. M. degrees (3rd place) |
| Brightest stars (Value< 3 m ) |
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| Meteor threads |
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| Neighboring constellations |
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| Constellation apparently in latitudes from + 90 ° to -16 °. The best time to observe is March. |
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Main stars Constellation Big Malar
You could see in the photo, as the constellation looks like a big bear in the sky, but let's study his stars and famous asterism.
Asterism - Big Bucket
Big bucket is one of the most recognizable asterisms in the night sky, which marked in many cultures. In addition, it is also useful in navigation, because it indicates the path to the polar star, which is part of a small bucket (small bear).
If you follow the imaginary line from Meraka to Duzhe and continue the arc, you will reach the polar star.
Similarly, the imaginary line leads to a bright star Arcutur (Vascha) and Speaker (Virgo).
The big bear consists of 7 stars: DUBKH (Alpha), Merak (beta), Fefda (Gamma), Metrité (Delta), Aliot (Epsilon), Mitsar (Zeta) and Alcaid (this).
Alieot. (Epsilon Big Bears) is the brightest star in the constellation (A0PCR) \u200b\u200bwith a visible visual value of 1.76 and remoteness - 81 light years. It is on the 31st position in brightness among all stars. The spectrum resembles a variable of the type of alpha-2 hounds of pieces with oscillations in spectral lines at 5.1 days.
Included in the moving group of stars of a large bear (total speed and origin). In 1869, the group found the English astronomer Richard A. Proctor, guessing that all the stars of constellations, except Alkaid and Dubh, share the common proper movement, heading towards the point in the constellation Sagittarius.
The traditional name comes from the Arabic word Alyat - the "fat tail of the sheep" (the star is in a bear tail).
Dubhe (Alpha Big Mesman) - Spectroscopic Double Star (K1 II-III) with a visible value of 1.79 and remoteness of 123 light years. Satellite - the star of the main sequence (F0 V) with the orbital period in 44.4 years at a distance of 23 A.E.
In 900000 A.E. From the main pair there is a binary system, which makes a star by a four-star system.
The name comes from the Arab Dubb - "Bear". Not included in the moving group of the stars of the big bear.
Merak (Beta big bear) - star of the main sequence (A1 V) with a visual value of 2.37 and remoteness - 79.7 light years. There is a dusty disk that occupies 27% of the earth's mass.
Star 2.7 times the massive sun, 2.84 times more by radius and 68 times brighter. Included in the moving group of stars Bolshoi Bear and is a suspected star variable.
The name from Arab is translated as "Cresll".
Alcaid (This big bear) is a young star of the main sequence (B3 V) with a visible visual value of 1.85 and remoteness - 101 light years. It is in third place in brightness in the constellation and on the 35th among all the stars. This is the eastern star in Asterism. At surface temperature in 20,000, it can be seen with its naked eye. Reaching 6 solar masses and 700 times brighter. Does not belong to the moving group of big bear stars. "
Despite the position in brightness, Bayer called it "this" because he called the stars from the west to the east. The name was taken from the Arab phrase Qā "Id Bināt Na" sh, which means "leader of the pier daughter".
Fekda(Gamma Big Bears) - Star of the main sequence (A0 ve) with a visual value of 2.438 and remoteness in 83.2 light years. It has a gas shell, adding emission lines to its spectrum. Age - 300 million years. This is the lower left star in the bucket and is distantized by 8.5 light years from the Mitsar Alcor system. Refers to a moving group of a large bear.
The traditional name comes from the Arab phrase Fakhð AD-Dubb - "High Bear".
Mentence(Delta of the Big Bears) - the star of the main sequence (A3 V) with a visual value of 3.312 and remoteness - 58.4 light years. 63% more solar masses and 14 times brighter. The excess of infrared radiation is noticeable, which indicates wheels of the disk in orbit.
Of 7 bright stars, this is the weakest. "MEGEN" with Arabic translates as "base" (the basis of the tail of the bear).
Mitsar (Zeta is a big bear) - a system of two double stars, located in second place from the end. Visible value - 2.23, and remoteness - 82.8 light years. I became the first photographed double star. It happened in 1857, thanks to the American photographer and the inventor John A. Wipple and Astronoma George P. Bondu. They used a plate with a wet collodiment and a 15-inch refractory telescope in the Harvard College Observatory. Bond also photographed VEGA star (Lira) in 1850.
The name comes from the Arab Mīzar - "belt".
Algor (80 large bear) - Visual companion for Mitsar (A5V) Both stars are sometimes called the "horse and rider". Visual value 3.99, and remoteness - 81.7 light years. She is also called dry ("forgotten") and Arundhati in India. In 2009, found a binary system.
Belongs to the moving group of stars of a big bear. Distance between it and Mitsar - 1.1 light years.
W Big Mesman - Double system represented by close stars with an orbital period at 0.3336 days. They are so close that their external shells are in direct contact. Periodically, they overshadow each other, and reduce the brightness. The visible value of the system varies between 7.75 and 8.48. Spectral class - F8V.
This is a prototype for both variables w a big bear.
Messier 40. (M40, Winnecke 4, WNC 4) - a double star with oscillations in the visible visual value from 9.55 to 10.10. Located in 510 light years. In 1764, it was registered by Charles Messier, who was looking for the nebula, which Yang Gevelius was previously reported. In 1863, the star discovered Friedrich Augustus Teodor Vinnek.
47 big bear - Star of the main sequence (G1V) with the seeming value of 5.03 and remoteness in 45.9 light years. This is a solar analogue with a similar mass, a little hot and reaches 110% iron.
In 1996, found a planet 2.53 times the size of Jupiter. Two more planets discovered in 2002 and 2010.
NU and KSI Big Malar - "First Jump"
Alula North (Nude Big Mesmen) is a double star observed by the naked eye. The apparent value is 3.490, and the remoteness is 399 light years. This is a giant (K3 III), whose radius is 57 times more solar and 775 times brighter. The name "Alula Borealis" comes from the Arabic word Al-ūlā - means "first (jump)", and Latin "Borealis" - Northern. "
Alula South (KSI Big Mesmen) is a star system found in 1780 by William Gershelem. Represented by dwarfs of the main sequence (G0 ve) with a total value of 3.79 (4.32 and 4.84), and remoteness - 29 light years.
This is a variable star RS racing pieces (close double stars with large stains created by the active chromosphere). Spots lead to the fact that the brightness changes to 0.2 values.
Each of the two objects of the KSI system performs a spectroscopic double and is accompanied by a low mass satellite. In 1828, KSI became the first double star, whose orbit managed to calculate.
Nude and KSI are the first of three star couples, which ancient Arabs called "Jumping Gazelles."
Tanya North (Lambda) and Taniya South (MJ) - "Second Jump"
Lambda Big Malar - Star (A2 IV - Loses Mass and turns into a giant) with a seeming value of 3.45 and remoteness in 138 light years.
MJ is a big bear - a red giant (M0), located in 230 light years. Visual value - 3.06. This is a semoregular variable star whose brightness ranges from 2.99 and 3.33. Accompanied by a visual satellite distant by 1.5 AE.
Northern Talit (Yota) and South Talit (Kappa) - "Third Jump"
Yota Large Bears - the star system represented by two double stars: white subgigant (A7 IV), which is a spectroscopic binary object, and stars of the 9th and 10th values. When the component B was noticed in 1841, two double stars were divided into 10.7 angular seconds. Now this distance is 4.5 angular seconds. The orbital period is 818 years. The system is removed from us for 47.3 light years.
Kappa Bolshaya Bears - a double star represented by two dwarfs of the main sequence of A-type with visual values \u200b\u200b4.2 and 4.4. The apparent size of the system is 3.60, and the distance is 358 light years.
Muscide (Oomikron Big Bear) is a multiple star system (G4 II-III - between a giant and a bright giant) with a visible visual value of 3.35 and remoteness in 179 light years. The traditional name means "muzzle."
Grumbridge 1830. - Subcarlik (G8V), located in 29.7 light years. At the beginning of the 19th century, he found him and recorded British astronomer Stephen Grumbridge (published in 1838).
During detection, it was a star with the highest self. He went to third place after the opening of the Karttein Star and Barnard Stars.
This is a star halo moving in the opposite direction of rotation of the galaxy. Typically, such copies are poor on metal, because they have formed at an earlier age of galaxies. Most of the galo stars are located above or below the galactic plane. Age - 10 billion years. Highly eccentric orbits and high space speeds.
LANDA 21185. - Red Dwarf (M2V) with an obvious value of 7.520 (can not be found without equipment) and remoteness at 8.11 light years. This is the fourth nearest star system to ours after Alpha Centauro, Barnard and Wolf stars 359. Through 19900, it will suit the Sun on 4.65 light years.
This is a variable by a dragon and acts as a known source of X-ray radiation.
Psi Big Mesmen - orange giant (K1 III) with a visual value of 3.01 and remoteness - 144.5 light years. The Chinese call him Tian Tsan or Tzun - "extremely honorable".
Heavenly Constellations Big Malar Objects
Galaxy Bode (M81, NGC 3031) - bright, large spiral galaxy, removed by 11.8 light years. Visible value - 6.94 (very popular among newcomers and amateurs astronomers).
Explicit size - 26.9 x 14.1 angular minutes. In March 1993, a supernova was noticed - SN 1993J.
In 1774, she discovered an astronomer from Germany Johann Bode. In 1779, Charles Messie re-identified it and added to the catalog.
This is the largest galaxy in the group M81 (34 of the galaxies), located 10 degrees northwest of the star Dubkhe (Alpha Big Meshwan).
It interacts with neighboring Mesias 82 galaxies and with a smaller NGC 3077. Because of this, everyone lost the hydrogen gas and formed gaseous filamentous structures. In addition, star formation caused by interstellar gas that falls into Messa 82 and NGC 3077 centers.
Galaxy cigar (M82, NGC 3034) - the edge galaxy with an apparent value of 8.41 and remoteness at 11.5 million light years.
Star education in the galactic core is 10 times faster than star formation in the entire Milky Way. M82 is also 5 times brighter. In 2005, Hubble found in the central section of 197 massive star clusters.
M82 reproduces infrared excess and protrudes the brightest galaxy in the sky when it is observed in infrared light.
It is believed that in the past, I survived at least one tidal clash with Messier 81. Because of this, over the past 200 million years, a huge amount of gas fell into its core and increased star formation 10 times.
Nebula Owl (M97, NGC 3587) - Planetary Nebula with a visible value of 9.9 and remoteness - 2600 light years. The center is the star of the 16th magnitude.
1781 Nebula found Pierre Messenger. Age - 8000 years. The name received, because when observing the telescope resembles sovic eyes.
Vertushka (M101, NGC 5457) - Spiral Galaxy of the Grand Design, observed by the face. Visible value - 7.86, and remoteness - 20.9 million light years. In August 2011, they found a supernova type IA (explosion of a white dwarf star) - SN 2011fe.
Pierre Messenie discovered the galaxy in 1781, and later Charles Messier added to the catalog. The disturbed described it as "non-star nebula, very unclear and quite large - from 6" to 7 "in diameter."
In diameter covers 170,000 light years (70% more Milky Way). Conducts a number of large, bright areas of H II and hot new-formated stars.
There are 5 companion galaxies: NGC 5474, NGC 5204, NGC 5477, NGC 5585 and Holmberg IV. Most likely, the Grand Design was created due to contact with them.
(M108, NGC 3556) - Spiral galaxy with a jumper found by Pierre Mesho in 1781. We are observed almost the edge. Visual value 10.7, and remoteness - 45000 light years.
This is an isolated member of the cluster of a big bear (within the supercountability of the Virgin). M108 accommodates about 290 ball clusters and 83 x-ray sources.
In 1969, a supernova type 2 - 1969b was observed.
(M109, NGC 3992) - Spiral galaxy with a jumper, whose visible value reaches 10.6, and remoteness - 83.5 million light years. It is located southeast of the Gamma Big Malar. In 1781 she found Pierre Messenger, and after 2 years, Charles Mesia was added to the catalog.
In 1956, they found a supernova type IA - SN 1956A. There are also 3 satellite galaxies: UGC 6923, UGC 6940 and UGC 6969.
This is the brightest galaxy in the M109 group (contains more than 50 galaxies).
NGC 5474. - Dwarf galaxy located near the M101, which interacts. Demonstrates signs of a spiral structure. Visual value - 11.3, and remoteness - 22 million light years.
Due to tidal interactions with M101, the disk shifts from the kernel and activates the birth of stars. You can explore the constellation of a large bear more closely, if you use our 3D models and a telescope online. A static or movable map of the starry sky is suitable for self search.
