In alphabetical order, about 1000 terms, concepts and definitions of the main sections of placer geology are systematized and explained: the structure and types of placers, their sources of supply, conditions for the formation and patterns of placement of placer deposits, the material composition of productive deposits, geological criteria for forecasting, prospecting and assessing placers, methods prospecting, exploration and geological and economic assessment of placer deposits, comprehensive study and use of placers, etc.
For specialists engaged in the study of placer deposits.
General information about the organization of the educational process at BGATU is presented, issues of educational work in the study group are considered. Particular attention is paid to the participation of students in the social life of the university and the culture of their behavior. Information on the employment of BSATU graduates is provided. For students, teachers and management personnel of higher education institutions.
Download and read Teacher and student: from the experience of BSTU, Shilo I.N., Romanyuk N.N., Vashaeva T.N., 2014
General information about the organization of the educational process at BGATU is presented, issues of educational work in the study group are considered. Particular attention is paid to the participation of students in the social life of the university and the culture of their behavior. Information on the employment of BSATU graduates is provided.
For students, teachers and management personnel of higher education institutions.
Download and read Teacher and student, From the experience of BSTU, Shilo I.N., Romanyuk N.N., Vashaeva T.N., 2014
The abbreviation CMOS is the initials of four words from the full definition: complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. The word complementary is translated as mutually complementary. This is the name for a pair of transistors that are similar in absolute values \u200b\u200bof parameters, but with semiconductor structures, mutually displayed as if in the form of negative and positive.
With its help, neat holes are made and seams are laid in thick, dense materials (leather, jeans, suede).
Certain types of awl are used in woodworking.
This device is popular with needlewomen, seamstresses, shoemakers, carpenters, joiners.
Device and characteristics
The awl is a simple hand-held tool that consists of only two parts: a shaft and a handle.
The working part of the device resembles a thick game.
Its end can be straight, pointed, with a hook or hole.
A wide range of models of different types is presented in household and building supermarkets, as well as in catalogs of online stores.
Material
The material of manufacture depends on the purpose of the tool.
The working part is made of high quality, durable steel, which is heat treated.
Manufacturers often use chrome vanadium steel, chrome plated or nickel plated needle.
The rod can be straight, tapered,
triangular, faceted, spiral, etc.
The handle is made of wood or high quality plastic with rubberized inserts for more comfortable use.
Dimensions and weight
The sewing attachments are quite light and easy to use.
Model weights range from 40 to 150 grams.
The length of the needle is 10-40 cm, the diameter is 2-4 mm.
There are other modifications, but they, as a rule, have a narrow scope, are used only when performing certain types of work.
Types of awl and their purpose
The range of sewing accessories is quite wide.
To buy a really good device that will help you with your work, first decide on its purpose.
What will you do with an awl: do handicrafts, sew a leather coat, repair shoes, or file documents.
Depending on the scope of application, the models are divided into several types.
Shoe
The main differences between specimens of this type are a reliable handle and a durable shaft.
The tool is used in shoe shops.
It can be used to sew leather goods, repair suede shoes, leather, substitutes.
Sewing
In the construction of an awl, which belongs to this type, a hole is provided for threading.
The device is used when working with dense fabrics (jeans, leather, suede).
Joiner
Models of this type are equipped with triangular needles, which gives them special strength and density.
Such devices can be used for woodworking.
Stationery
They are not as strong and reliable as they are. designed to work with paper, used for stapling documents.
Plotnitskoe
Tools of this type are also used for working with wood.
They are equipped with chrome-vanadium steel needles, chrome-plated, which provides them with excellent performance and a long service life.
Want to get it all in one?
Try making a homemade awl.
This is a universal, multifunctional device, in the design of which there is a hole for different nozzles.
A set of rods for performing different types of work can be done at your leisure.
What you need to know about Schiele
To work with the tool comfortably and conveniently, when choosing, pay special attention to the quality of the handle.
The handle must be strong, resistant to deformation, perfectly sanded, without any surface defects.
You can even distinguish a good tool from a low-quality one by its appearance.
If you prefer a plastic one, make sure that it has a dense shell, does not crack during operation.
The rod must be screwed in securely so that you can work not only with fabrics, but also with denser materials.
Even needlewomen and seamstresses who often use this tool at work may not know how to use it correctly.
The principle of operation of the device is very simple: we pierce a hole in the material, push the thread into the eyelet, bring the needle back, and make a loop.
But there are also some nuances here.
Basic Rules:
Take the awl correctly - the end of the handle should rest against the palm;
the tilt of the needle is 45 degrees;
the punctures are uniform, and the thread stitches are the same;
if the tool is stuck, carefully rotate it, remove it and re-insert it into the material;
one step - one hole.
The result should be an even, beautiful stitch.
Regardless of the type of tool you are using, take precautions.
The sharp tip of the rod is easy to injure.
Use finger guards to prevent this from happening.
How to make an awl with your own hands
You don't have to buy an awl.
You can make it yourself.
How to do it?
There is nothing particularly complicated.
Plus, you can make more than just one kind of tool at home.
Below are instructions for making an awl with replaceable rods.
That is, by replacing the working part, you get the device of exactly the type that you need right now.
So, in your work you will need the following tools and materials:
Wooden handle (you can buy a new one in a store or take an old one, for example, from an already unused file);
sandpaper;
a bolt with a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 4 cm;
screw with a diameter of 3 mm, 1 cm long;
wrench;
drill with drills;
tap for threading;
sharpener.
You probably have all of these gadgets in your garage or workshop.
Old bicycle spokes can be used as rods.
They are quite durable, made of carbon steel.
The work is carried out in the following sequence:
1. we grind the wooden handle, remove all burrs;
2. drill a hole in the handle, the depth of which is equal to the length of the 8mm bolt;
3. we drill two holes in the head of an 8mm bolt (it will act as an attachment for the rods);
4. screw the bolt into the handle, fix it with an open-end wrench;
5.Cut the thread for a 3mm bolt;
6. Prepare the rod by grinding the bicycle spoke;
7. Insert the rod into the nozzle on the handle.
The awl is ready.
This is an instance with a regular straight bar.
To get a rod with a hole, you must first cut off the needle of the required length, flatten the end, drill a groove of the required diameter in the middle, and grind it.
Shil rating
Planning to buy an awl?
STANLEY 0-69-014 is an easy-to-use joiner's awl with a length of 32 cm.
The shaft is made of hardened stainless steel.
Nickel plating provides the needle with reliable corrosion protection and long service life.
Working part diameter - 2.5 mm.
Awl with a hook MasterTool is intended for processing rubber, suede, leather and other hard materials.
The shaft of the tool is steel, the comfortable rounded handle is made of plastic.
Awl with a bent end Yato YT-1375 is distinguished by high quality workmanship.
The device has a wide range of applications, it is used to perform those works that cannot be dealt with using conventional models.
Tool length - 125 mm, weight - only 117 g.
Stationery awl BM.5550
Buromax is equipped with a strong metal shaft and a comfortable wooden handle.
The device is designed for stapling documents.
The needle is sharp, easily pierces the paper, leaving an even, neat hole.
A Japanese-made Clover straight awl is used in needlework.
It is compact and lightweight.
The plastic grip with rubber insert makes it comfortable to grip.
To choose the right awl, first determine the purpose of buying this tool.
The range of models is very wide.
Products differ by themselves in various parameters: purpose, size, weight, appearance, materials of manufacture.
Don't buy cheap ones.
They are not designed for long-term, intensive use.
It is better to buy a more expensive product from a well-known manufacturer and be sure of its quality and durability.
Name: Directory - Popular digital microcircuits.
Information on the three most common types of digital microcircuits in amateur radio practice: TTL, CMOS and ESL is given. The basics of their circuitry are briefly considered, structures, pinouts are shown, and a description of the operation of more than 300 types of mass digital microcircuits is given: logic elements, triggers, registers, counters, multiplexers, arithmetic, etc. Recommendations for their use are given. For trained radio amateurs and specialists of the national economy, who develop and use pulse-digital equipment.
The proposed book is devoted to the circuitry of the most massive series of microcircuits - digital small and medium integration. It is known that in the 70s - 80s three types of such microcircuits dominate in the equipment; TTL, CMOS and ESL. They are produced in hundreds of millions of pieces a year. Perhaps many of them will be made before the end of the century.
In each of the three types of microcircuits, there are successively developing series. Having a description of the microcircuit, you can fully implement its properties. Each group of microcircuits (for example, counters, registers) has many circuitry applications now. The circuitry options reflect * both the development of microcircuits and the expansion of consumer demands. The thoughtful reader can trace the path of development of circuitry from the simplest microcircuits to modern and promising ones. It is also helpful to compare how source devices are optimized and transformed for TTL, CMOS, and ECL circuitry.
1. DIGITAL MICROCIRCUITS TTL
1.1. General information about TTL elements
1.2. Circuitry of TTL elements
1.3. Traditional TTL series
1.4. Promising TTL series
1.5. Buffer and enable TTL elements
1.6. Circuitry elements AND, OR, AND / OR
1.7. TTL microcircuits: AND, AND, OR, AND / OR, expanders
1.8. Autogenerators on TTL elements
1.9. Logic Gates - Schmitt Triggers
1.10. Exclusive OR
1.11. Trigger circuits
1.12. RS and D triggers
1.13. JK triggers
1.14. TTL meters
1.15. TTL registers
1.16. TTL decoders and encoders
1.17. TTL multiplexers
1.18. TTL adders
1.19. Operative and permanent storage devices TTL
1.20. Computing device nodes
1.21. Waiting multivibrators and oscillators
2. DIGITAL CMOS ICs
2.1. Device and properties of the logic element CMOS
2.2. Basic logic gates AND, OR, Z
2.3. Microcircuits with inverters and their application
2.4. Generator and converter circuits
2.5. Logic signal level converters
2.6. Switches for digital and analog signals
2.7. CMOS trigger ICs
2.8. CMOS Counters Dividers
2.9. CMOS registers
2.10. CMOS decoders
2.11. CMOS arithmetic circuits
2.12. PLL microcircuits and multivibrators
3. DIGITAL ECL ICs
3.1. Logic circuitry
3.2. K500 series combinatorial microcircuits
3.3. K500 Series Triggers, Counters and Registers
3.4. Elements of computing devices from the K500 series
3.5. K1500 series combinatorial microcircuits
3.6. K1500 series triggers and registers
3.7. K1500 series computing devices
application
Bibliography
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