Leonov cosmonaut personal. Legendary people of the ussr

Alexey Leonov is the legendary Soviet cosmonaut, the first person to go into outer space. He received the title of Hero twice Soviet Union - in 1965 and 1975. The personal life of Alexei Leonov is no less interesting than his career.

Alexey Leonov's wife

Alexey Leonov is a truly happy person. He has a big and friendly family. The cosmonaut met his wife Svetlana in 1957 in Kremenchug, where he served in the Guards Aviation Regiment, and fell in love with the girl at first sight.

In an interview, the pilot told the story of meeting his beloved. He met Svetlana while walking with friends. Seeing a group of girls, Alexei tripped one of them - he wanted to joke like that. The future wife of Alexei Leonov Svetlana did not notice this and fell.

Alexey helped the girl to get up, apologized and escorted her home. Svetlana lived with her parents. In the girl's room, the pilot saw an album with reproductions of paintings that were very interesting to him. Alexey is not only a cosmonaut, but also an artist - he was fond of painting since childhood.

The young man realized that his interests with Svetlana largely coincide, and this turned out to be true. Three days after they met, Alexey and Svetlana got married and have been happy for more than half a century. The couple had two daughters.

Children of Alexei Leonov

The eldest daughter of the cosmonaut Victoria was born in 1961. Having matured and received the necessary education, the girl got a job at the Office navy... Once, having arrived from a business trip to America, the girl realized that she was sick.

Svetlana came to her daughter in the city, and found her in a deplorable state. The girl's eyes and face were yellow. Parents turned to the best metropolitan hospitalbut the doctors were unable to save her. In 1996, Victoria died of viral hepatitis, complicated by pneumonia.

Alexey and Svetlana also have a youngest daughter, Oksana, who was born in 1967. Now she is married and works as a translator. Oksana has two children - the grandchildren of cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. The eldest granddaughter's name is Karina, she is 29 years old. The grandson of the legendary astronaut is now 20 years old. His name is Daniel-Sergei.

Cosmonaut biography

Alexey Leonov was born in 1934 in Siberia near the city of Kemerovo. His father was a miner and was engaged in agriculture... The astronaut's mother was a teacher.

In 1948 the family moved to Kaliningrad. From his youth, the future cosmonaut was fond of aviation. Alexei Leonov's brother was an aviation technician, and the boy studied his notes with interest.

After graduating from school, he moved to Ukraine, to Kremenchug, and entered the school for initial training of pilots.

In Chuguev, the guy studied in higher school fighter pilots, which he successfully graduated in 1957 and went to serve in the Red Army.

In 1960, Leonov completed a training course at the Cosmonaut Training Center. Leonov was also engaged in science, participated in conferences, wrote more than thirty reports.

Leonov's flight into outer space

Leonov is the first person who made an exit into open space on March 18, 1965. Alexei Leonov's wife did not know about the task assigned to him. Leonov had been preparing for the flight for two and a half years. He performed special exercises, but had no idea how difficult his mission would be.

In an interview, the cosmonaut told how he made a spacewalk. The moment when he opened the hatch of the spacecraft and stepped into the unknown, Alexey Arkhipovich remembered for the rest of his life - he had no idea what would happen to him, but he did not feel fear.

Leonov also recalls that after taking several pictures in space, he felt the spacesuit begin to increase dramatically. The temperature inside exceeded the norm, oxygen was running out, and the astronaut was close to losing consciousness, but coped with the situation. After 12 minutes in outer space, Leonov returned to the ship.

It was planned that the cosmonauts would land on the territory of the steppes of Kazakhstan, but they ended up in the Perm taiga. The canopy of the parachute in the trees was found from the plane, and by evening the foresters reached the cosmonauts on skis.

Text: Filimonova Ekaterina



Leonov Alexey Arkhipovich - second pilot of the spacecraft "Voskhod-2", lieutenant colonel; crew commander of the Soyuz-19 spacecraft, major general of aviation.

Born on May 30, 1934 in the village of Listvyanka, now the Tisulsky district of the Kemerovo region. Russian. From 1938 he lived in the city of Kemerovo, from 1948 - in the city of Kaliningrad. In 1953 he graduated from the 10th grade of the school.

In the army since August 1953. In 1955 he graduated from the 10th military aviation school of initial training of pilots (the city of Kremenchuk, Poltava region), in 1957 - the Chuguev military aviation school of pilots. He served in combat units of the Air Force (in the Kiev Military District and the Group soviet troops in Germany).

Since March 1960 - in the cosmonaut corps. Performed 2 space flights with a total duration of 7 days 33 minutes 8 seconds.

On March 18-19, 1965, he made a space flight as a co-pilot of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft (commander - Colonel PI Belyaev) lasting 1 day and 2 hours. During the flight on March 18, 1965, he performed the world's first spacewalk for 23 minutes 41 seconds. During the exit, he showed exceptional courage, especially in an emergency situation when a swollen space suit prevented the return of the astronaut to the spacecraft.

For the successful implementation of the flight and the courage and heroism shown at the same time to Lieutenant Colonel Leonov Alexey Arkhipovich By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 23, 1965, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In 1968 he graduated from the Air Force engineering academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky (Faculty of Engineering).

On July 15-21, 1975, he made his second space flight as the Soyuz-19 crew commander under the ASTP program. During the flight, it was docked with an American spaceship "Apollo". This was the world's first docking of ships from two different countries.

For the successful implementation of the flight and the courage and heroism shown at the same time, the Major General of Aviation was awarded the second Gold Star medal and the Order of Lenin by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 22, 1975.

In 1970-1982 - Deputy, in 1982-1991 - First Deputy Head of the Cosmonaut Training Center. In 1981 he graduated from the postgraduate course at the Air Force Engineering Academy named after N.E. Zhukovsky. Since March 1992, Major General of Aviation A.A. Leonov is in reserve. Has 4 inventions and more than 10 scientific papers... Member of the Union of Artists.

Lives in the Star City of the Shchelkovsky District of the Moscow Region. Since 1993 - President of the unit investment fund Alfa-Capital, since 1998 - Vice President of OJSC Alfa-Bank.

Major General of Aviation (1975), Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (1965), Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1965), Candidate of Technical Sciences (1981).

He was awarded the Soviet 2 Orders of Lenin (03/23/1965, 07/22/1975), the Order of the Red Star (06/17/1961), "For service to the Motherland in Armed Forces USSR "3rd degree (04/30/1975), Russian orders" For services to the Fatherland "1st (05/29/2019), 3rd (05/22/2014) and 4th (03/02/2000) degrees, Friendship ( 04/12/2011), medals.

Hero of Socialist Labor People's Republic Bulgaria (1965). Hero of Labor of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1965). He was awarded foreign awards - the Order of Georgiy Dimitrov (Bulgaria, 1965), the Order of Karl Marx (GDR, 1965), the Order of the State Banner (Hungary, 1965), the Order for Distinction, 1st degree (Syria, 1966), the Order of Merit "3rd degree (Ukraine, 12.04.2011), foreign medals. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1981), the Yuri Gagarin Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation (2011), the Lenin Komsomol Prize (1980). He was awarded the K.E. Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences, as well as the FAI awards - two Gold Space Medals (1965, 1975) and two de Lavaux medals (1965, 1975).

Honorable Sir Smolensk region (09/30/2015), the cities of Vologda, Gagarin (03/09/1976), Kaliningrad, Kaluga, Kemerovo, Nalchik, Perm; Kremenchug (Ukraine); Arkalyk (Kazakhstan); Veliko Tarnovo, Vidin, Svishtov (Bulgaria); San Antonio (Chile); Usti-na-Labe (Czech Republic); Linard (France); New York, Washington, Chicago, Salt Lake City, San Francisco, San Antonio, San Jacinto, Oklahoma, Houston, Nashville, Hunstville, Atlanta, Weatherford, New Orleans, Wyoming, Los Angeles, Las Vegas (USA). The name of A.A. Leonova wears secondary school number 4 in the city of Gagarin, Smolensk region. A crater on the far side of the moon and a planet in the constellation Libra are named after him.

Bronze busts are installed on the Cosmonauts Alley in Moscow and in the Hero's homeland.

Works:
Space pedestrian. M., 1967;
Features: psychological preparation astronauts. M., 1967 (co-author V. I. Lebedev);
Perception of space and time in space. M., 1968 (co-author V. I. Lebedev);
Psychological features activities of astronauts. M., 1971 (co-author V. I. Lebedev);
I'm going out into space. M., 1974;
Psychological problems of interplanetary flight. M., 1975 (co-author V. I. Lebedev);
sunny wind... M., 1978;
Life among the stars. M., 1981.

Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR Alexei Leonov was born on May 30, 1934 in the village of Listvyanka, Tisulsky District, Kemerovo Region, into a large family. His father worked as chairman of the village council, was repressed, then rehabilitated. In 1948 the family moved to Kaliningrad.

In 1955, Leonov graduated from the 10th Military Aviation School of Initial Pilot Training in Kremenchug, in 1957 - from the Chuguev Military Aviation School of Pilots with a degree in fighter pilot, in 1968 - from the Air Force Engineering Academy. NOT. Zhukovsky (VVIA), specializing in "design and operation of aerospace vehicles and engines for them" (qualification - "pilot-engineer-cosmonaut"), in 1981 - postgraduate studies at the VVIA. On March 16, 1981 at VVIA he defended his thesis of candidate of technical sciences.

Since 1957, Leonov served as a pilot of the 113th Fighter Aviation Regiment of the 10th Guards Fighter Aviation Division of the 69th Air Army Kiev Military District, since 1959 - senior pilot of the 294th separate reconnaissance aviation regiment of the 24th Air Army as part of a group of Soviet forces in Germany. He flew 278 hours, made 115 parachute jumps.

On March 7, 1960, by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, he was enrolled as a student-cosmonaut in the cosmonaut corps of the Air Force Cosmonaut Training Center (at present, the Yuri Gagarin Scientific Research Institute of the CTC), was among the first 20 pilots selected for space flights (1st cosmonaut corps). He held the posts of cosmonaut (since 1961), cosmonaut-instructor (since 1966), deputy commander of the 1st cosmonaut corps (since 1966), senior instructor-cosmonaut, deputy head of the 1st department (since 1969). ), Deputy Head of the CTC (since 1970), Commander of the Cosmonaut Detachment (since 1976), First Deputy Head of the Cosmonaut Training Center for Flight and Space Training (in 1982-91).

Alexey Leonov has two space flight (total flight time - 7 days 33 minutes 8 seconds) and the world's first spacewalk.

Leonov made its maiden flight on March 18, 1965 as a co-pilot of the Voskhod-2 spacecraft together with Pavel Belyaev. He went into space and spent 12 minutes outside the ship. 9 sec., Moving away from it at a distance of 5.35 meters. The flight was accompanied by emergency situations. Due to the difference in pressure, the spacesuit swelled, this prevented the astronaut from returning to the airlock (the hatch diameter was critically small) and Leonov had to relieve the pressure in it. Upon returning, the ship's automatic control system failed and the landing was carried out manually. The crew landed in an off-design area - 180 km north of Perm, was discovered four hours later in the taiga, but due to deep snow it was evacuated only two days later.

In 1967-70. led a group of astronauts who were preparing for a flight to the moon. After the closure of the lunar program, he underwent training under the DOS program (long-term orbital station), but he failed to fly to the first Salyut stations.

During the second flight, July 15-21, 1975, as a crew commander, he took part in the first docking of ships from different countries - Soyuz-19 (USSR) and Apollo (USA). Then in orbit there was a meeting and a historic handshake of the members of two crews - Alexei Leonov, Valery Kubasov, Vance Brand, Thomas Stafford and Donald Slayton.

In September 1991, after leaving the Cosmonaut Training Center, by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense, he was placed at the disposal of the Air Force Commander-in-Chief for subsequent dismissal from a valid military service (according to the age). Since March 9, 1992 - Major General of Aviation, retired.

In 1991-92. held senior positions in the international company Chetek, was the director of the Chetek-cosmos company.

In 1992 he was elected President of the Alfa-Capital Foundation, established by Alfa Group. In 2000 he was appointed Vice President of Alfa-Bank.

Currently, Leonov holds the position of adviser to the first deputy chairman of the bank's board of directors, Oleg Sysuev, and is a member of the United Russia party.

Member of the International Academy of Astronautics, Academician Of the Russian Academy astronautics. Author of more than 10 scientific papers and 4 inventions, as well as a number of books, including "Space Pedestrian", "Solar Wind", "Going out into open space" and others.

Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Orders of the Red Star, "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" III degree, Friendship, "For Services to the Fatherland" III and IV degrees. Has departmental and public awards.

Awarded foreign titles and awards: Hero of Socialist Labor of the NRB, Hero of Labor of the DRV, the Order of Georgy Dimitrov (NRB), Karl Marx (GDR), State Banner (Hungary), "For Distinction" I degree (Syria), "For Merit" III degree (Ukraine).

One of the craters on the moon is named after him. In the homeland of Alexei Leonov in the Kemerovo region and on the Alley of Cosmonauts in Moscow, his bronze busts are installed.

Leonov is involved in charity work (the "Life Line" program - helping children with cardiac diseases). He is fond of painting, wrote about 200 paintings. In 1965 he was admitted to the Union of Artists of the USSR, since 2004 - an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Arts. In collaboration with the science fiction artist Andrey Sokolov, he created a number of postage stamps of the USSR on the space theme. He is the Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, has the 2nd category in cycling, 3rd category in fencing.

Married. Wife - Svetlana Pavlovna (born in 1940) was the editor of the editorial and publishing department at the Cosmonaut Training Center. The eldest daughter Victoria (born in 1961) died in 1996. Daughter Oksana (born in 1967) graduated from the Military Institute of Foreign Languages, works as a translator.

In March 1960, by order of the Air Force Commander-in-Chief, he was enrolled as a student-cosmonaut in the cosmonaut corps of the Air Force Cosmonaut Training Center (CTC) (first enrollment).

Since April 1961 - cosmonaut of the Cosmonaut Department of the CTC.

Pilot-cosmonaut - co-author of the books "Perception of space and time in space" (1968) "Psychological features of interplanetary flight" (1975), "Solar wind" (1977), "Life among the stars" (1981), "Going out into space" ( 1984).

Alexey Leonov has four inventions and has written over ten scientific papers.

He is a member of the United Russia party.

Alexey Leonov - twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1965, 1975), laureate of the USSR State Prize (1981), Lenin Komsomol Prize (1980). He was awarded two Orders of Lenin (1965, 1975), the Order of the Red Star (1961), the Order For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR, III degree (1975), russian order "For Services to the Fatherland" IV degree (2000), Order of Friendship (2011), medals.

Alexei Leonov was awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree.

Among the awards of foreign countries are the Gold Star medal of the Hero of Bulgaria, the Gold Star medal of the Hero of Labor of Vietnam, the German Order of Karl Marx, the Hungarian Order of the State Banner, the Syrian Order For Distinction, 1st degree.

He was also awarded the gold medal. K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR, gold medal named after Yu.A. Gagarin, medals named after S.P. Queen, etc.

An honorary citizen of about 40 cities in Russia and other countries of the world.

One of the craters on the moon is named after him.

The Kemerovo International Airport was named after Alexei Leonov. the Alexei Leonov Museum of Cosmonautics was opened here.

Alexey Leonov is married. His wife Svetlana worked as editor of the editorial and publishing department of the CPC. The family had two daughters - Victoria (1962-1996) and Oksana (1967).

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Arkhipovich was born in a small Siberian village on May 30, 1934 and became the ninth child in the family. His father was a very respected person in the village, so he was elected chairman of the village council. When the boy was thirteen years old, his whole family, in connection with the occupation of the head of the family, moved to the city of Kaliningrad. Interest in the young man arose while still at school. Then he gained basic knowledge in such disciplines as the theory of flight and the design of aircraft. After graduating in 1953 high school with good grades, Leonov entered the Kremenchug Pilot School without any problems. In addition to her, he also received knowledge at a higher school, which was located in Chuguev and trained fighter pilots. In 1960, Alexey Arkhipovich, after a long and tough selection, entered the cosmonaut corps.

The conquest of outer space

March 1965 marks a special flight in the history of Soviet and world cosmonautics. Then the cosmonaut Leonov was in the role of the second pilot of the spacecraft "Voskhod-2" (the first was PI Belyaev). During this flight, a person first appeared in outer space. He spent 12 minutes and 9 seconds at a distance of five meters from the ship. Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov - the cosmonaut who carried out this, thereby initiating the newest round space activities person. His career took off by leaps and bounds after that. During the period from 1967 to 1970, he even led a group that was preparing for

First Soviet-American flight

In the first months of 1973, the Soviet Academy of Sciences, together with NASA, began training personnel for the Soyuz and Apollo spacecraft. Applicants had to be well versed in space technologyknow foreign languages, have high qualifications and professionalism. Cosmonaut Leonov was appointed commander of the Russian ship. The joint flight, which lasted more than five days, aroused great interest throughout the world. During its holding, for the first time the Soviet docked with the American. In addition, the cosmonauts carried out many important biomedical, astrophysical and technological experiments.

Contribution to the development of world cosmonautics

Cosmonaut Leonov during his work made a huge contribution to the development of not only Soviet, but also world astronautics. In particular, he carried out a large number of experiments and research. Among them, it should be noted the study of color and light visual characteristics after space flights, the development of a spacesuit for work in the hydrosphere, the possibility of using the hydrosphere as an analogue of weightlessness. Moreover, he owns more than thirty speeches at various conferences and congresses. Alexey Leonov is an astronaut who has many state awards for their activities. In 1965 and 1975, he was awarded the title One of the lunar craters bears his name. From 1985 to 1999, he was one of the chairmen of the International Space Flight Association. He resigned with the rank of Major General of Aviation. Now he lives and works in Moscow.