Lara and danko are comparative. Danko and larra - two types of relationship to the world and people

Lesson objectives:

Continue acquaintance with the early works of M. Gorky;
Analyze the legends. Compare the main characters of the legends Larra and Danko;
To trace how the writer's intention is revealed in the composition of the story;
Consider the hallmarks of romanticism in the studied work.

During the classes.

I. Organizational moment

In 1895 "Samarskaya Gazeta" published the story of M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil". Gorky was noticed, appreciated, enthusiastic responses about the story appeared in the press.

II. Main part

1. The early stories of M. Gorky have a romantic character.

Let's remember what romanticism is. Give a definition of romanticism, name its distinctive features.

Romanticism is a special type of creativity, the characteristic features of which are the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality, the image of an exceptional personality, often lonely and dissatisfied with the present, striving for a distant ideal and therefore in sharp conflict with society, with people.

2. The heroes appear in a romantic landscape. Give examples to prove this (working with text). Conversation on questions:

What time of day does the story take place? Why? (The old woman Izergil tells legends at night. Night is the most mysterious, romantic time of the day);

What natural images could you highlight? (sea, sky, wind, clouds, moon);

What artistic means did the author use in depicting nature? (epithets, personification, metaphor);

Why is the landscape shown in the story this way? (Nature is shown animated, it lives according to its own laws. Nature is beautiful, majestic. The sea, the sky are endless, wide spaces. All natural images are symbols of freedom. But nature is closely connected with man, it reflects his inner spiritual world. That is why nature symbolizes the boundless freedom of the hero, his inability and unwillingness to exchange this freedom for anything).

CONCLUSION: Only in such a landscape, seaside, night, mysterious, can the heroine realize herself, telling the legends about Larra and Danko.

3. Composition of the story “The Old Woman Izergil”.

What is the compositional solution of the story?

In your opinion, for what purpose did the writer use such a technique in his story? (In her legends, the heroine of the story expresses her idea of \u200b\u200bpeople, about what she considers valuable, important in her life. Thus, a system of coordinates is created by which one can judge the heroine of the story).

How many parts of the composition could you highlight? (Three parts: Part 1 - the legend of Larra; Part 2 - the story of the life and love of Old Woman Izergil; Part 3 - the legend of Danko).

4. Analysis of the legend of Larra.

Who are the main characters of the first legend?

Is the story of a young man's birth important for understanding his character?

How does the hero relate to other people? (contemptuous, arrogant. He considers himself the first on earth).

A romantic work is characterized by a conflict between the crowd and the hero. What lies at the heart of the conflict between Larra and humans? (his pride, extreme individualism).

How pride differs from pride. Separate these words. (Card number 1)

Card number 1

Pride -

Self-esteem, self-respect.
High opinion, excessive high opinion of oneself.

Pride is overwhelming pride.

Prove that it is pride, not pride, that characterizes Larra.

What does the hero's extreme individualism lead to? (to crime, to selfish arbitrariness. Larra kills the girl)

What punishment did Larra take for his pride? (loneliness and eternal existence, immortality).

Why do you think such a punishment is worse than the punishment of death?

What is the author's attitude to the psychology of individualism? (He condemns the hero, in which the anti-human essence is embodied. For Gorky, Larra's lifestyle, behavior, character traits are unacceptable. Larra is an anti-ideal in which individualism is taken to the extreme)

5. Analysis of the legend of Danko.

a) The legend of Danko is based on the biblical story of Moses. Let's remember it and compare it with the legend of Danko. Individual student message. (Students listen to the biblical story and compare it with the legend of Danko.)

God commanded Moses to lead the Jewish people out of Egypt. Jews have lived in Egypt for hundreds of years, and it is very sad for them to part with their homes. The carts were drawn up, and the Jews set off.

Suddenly, the Egyptian king regretted that he had released his slaves. It so happened that the Jews came to the sea when they saw the chariots of the Egyptian troops behind them. The Jews looked and were horrified: in front of the sea, and behind an armed army. But the merciful Lord saved the Jews from death. He told Moses to hit the sea with a stick. And suddenly the waters parted and became walls, and in the middle it became dry. The Jews rushed along the dry bottom, and Moses again hit the water with a stick, and behind the Israelites it closed again.

Then the Jews walked through the desert, and the Lord constantly took care of them. The Lord told Moses to hit the rock with a stick, and cold water gushed out of it. The Lord showed many favors to the Jews, but they were not grateful. For disobedience and ingratitude, God punished the Jews: for forty years they wandered in the wilderness, could not come to the land promised by God. Finally, the Lord took pity on them and brought them closer to this earth. But at this time their leader Moses died.

Comparison of the Biblical story and the legend of Danko:

What are the similarities between the biblical story and the legend of Danko? (Moses and Danko lead people out of places dangerous for further living. The path turns out to be difficult, and the relationship between Moses and Danko with the crowd becomes complicated, as people lose faith in salvation)

How does the plot of the Danko legend differ from the biblical story? (Moses relies on the help of God, as he fulfills his will. Danko feels love for people, he volunteers to save them, no one helps him).

b) What are the main features of Danko? What is the basis of his actions? (love for people, desire to help them)

What act did the hero do for the sake of love for people? (Danko accomplishes a feat, saving people from enemies. He brings them out of darkness and chaos to light and harmony)

How is the relationship between Danko and the crowd developing? Work with text. (At first, people “looked and saw that he was the best of them.” The crowd believed that Danko would overcome all difficulties on his own. Then they “began to grumble at Danko,” as the path turned out to be difficult, many died on the way; now the crowd was disappointed in Danko. "People fell in anger at Danko" because they were tired, exhausted, but they are ashamed to admit it. People are compared with wolves, beasts, because instead of gratitude they hate Danko, they are ready to tear him to pieces. Indignation boils in Danko's heart , “But from pity for people it went out.” Danko pacified his pride, as his love for people is boundless. It is love for people that drives Danko's actions).

CONCLUSION: We see that Larra is a romantic anti-ideal, so the conflict between the hero and the crowd is inevitable. Danko is a romantic ideal, but the relationship between the hero and the crowd is also based on conflict. This is one of the features of a romantic piece.

Why do you think the story ends with the legend of Danko? (This is an expression of the author's position. He praises the hero's feat. He admires the strength, beauty, courage, courage of Danko. This is the triumph of kindness, love, light over chaos, pride, egoism).

6. After analyzing the legend of Larra and Danko, students' independent work. The students compare Danko and Larra, and write down their conclusions in a notebook. Checking the table.


Criteria
1. Attitude towards the crowd


2. The crowd is a hero


3. Distinctive character trait


4. Attitude towards life


5. Legend and modernity

As a result of the work of students with the table, the following may turn out:

Comparison of images of Danko and Larra
Criteria
1. Attitude towards the crowd	Love, pity, desire	Despises people, refers to
	to help them	he is arrogant, does not count

2. The crowd is a hero	conflict	conflict


3. distinctive character trait	Love, compassion, courage,	Pride, selfishness, extreme
	mercy, courage, skill	individualism, cruelty
	suppress pride
4. Attitude towards life	Ready to sacrifice my	It takes everything from life and people, but
	life to save people	gives nothing in return

5. Legend and modernity	Blue sparks (light, warm)	Turns into shadow (darkness,


6. Actions performed by heroes	A feat for the sake of love for people,	Evil, crime
	good deeds

7. The attitude of the writer to the heroes	Ideal, praises its beauty,	Anti-ideal, condemns him
	courage, feat for the sake of love for	deeds, antihuman
		essence

7. But the story is called “The Old Woman Izergil”. Why do you think M. Gorky titled his story this way? (the main heroine of the story is still the old woman Izergil, and the legend is needed in order to understand her character, to understand what is important for her, the main thing).

Legends frame the story of the life and love of the old woman Izergil.

To which of the heroes does the heroine belong? Use the arrow to mark in the card number 2

Card number 2

Students mark their own check. Justify your choice. (The old woman Izergil considers herself to be Danko, as she believes that the meaning of her life was love)

Card number 2

Why do you think Gorky refers the old woman Izergil to Larra? (her love is inherently selfish. Having stopped loving a person, she immediately forgot about him)

III. Conclusion on the lesson. Summing up the lesson.

IV. Homework:

Reading the play "At the Bottom";
Consider the history of the creation of the play, the genre of the work, the conflict.

USED \u200b\u200bBOOKS

Russian literature of the XX century - Textbook for grade 11 / ed. V.V. Agenosova: M .: Publishing House "Drofa" 1997;
N.V. Egorova: Lesson developments in Russian literature of the XX century, grade 11. M .: Publishing house "VAKO", 2007;
B.I. Turyanskaya: Literature in grade 7 - lesson by lesson. M .: "Russian Word", 1999

A comparative table of these heroes is needed, and in each line there is a separate comparison criterion. I understand that you will not answer with a table, but links, solid text (your personal) are welcome. I will be grateful.

2. Gorky's story "The old woman Izergil"
A story-reflection on the meaning of life

The protagonist is an exceptional personality
Features of the composition:
1consists of three independent parts
2 preserves the inner unity of the idea and tone of the narrative
3 the first and third parts - legends - are opposite in content
4central part - the story of the old woman Izergil

Comparison of the two main characters:
Comparison parameters
Larra
Danko

Appearance
"Handsome and strong", "cold and proud, like the king of birds, eyes"
handsome and bold, "in his eyes a lot of power and living fire shone"

Life position
♦ he is not like other people - he does not want to live “like them”, he wants to be free, that is, to do what you want, take what you want, without giving anything in return, in a word, “wants to keep himself whole”;

♦ “considers himself the first on earth and, besides himself, sees nothing”, this gives him the right to despise other people and rule over them, and, as a result, people punish him for pride, expel him from his tribe - “punishing him in himself "
♦ “the best of all”, “he loved people and thought that maybe they would die without him”, dreams of freedom not only for himself, but, above all, for all his fellow tribesmen, that is why he leads them, sacrificing himself , from the dark forest to the "golden shining river";

♦ Danko's “proud heart” was trampled by a “cautious” person who was afraid of “something”. People do not forgive superiority over themselves. Tribesmen "punish" Danko for his pride

Life summary
loneliness

Afterword
from Larra there was only a shadow roaming the steppe
from the proud heart of Danko there were sparks that appear before the storm

Output
extreme individualist who expresses contempt for people
altruist, expressing the highest degree of love for people

Antiideal
romantic ideal

Old Isergil
Ideal and anti-ideal are two romantic poles of the story. And between them there is a real character, the old woman Izergil, who, being the narrator of both legends, wants to put herself, her life in a coordinate system set by extreme points: individualism (Larra) - altruism (Danko).
Two legends frame the story of the old woman's own life, which is the ideological center of the story.

The fate of the old woman Izergil is in many ways similar to the fate of Larra and Danko:
1
Larra and Danko
Old Isergil

They lived a stormy and rebellious life, striving for independence.

2
Danko
Old Isergil

Embody the highest ideal of love for people and self-sacrifice. Their life is dedicated to love for people.

3
Larra
Old Isergil

They are not able to remember for a long time those people who become of little interest or indifference to them. The old woman Izergil “greedily”, taking from people everything they could give her, but, unlike him (Larra), she paid for it, “spent” herself, not sparing.

4
Larra and Danko
Old Isergil

The result of life is loneliness. The old woman Izergil "stuck" to strangers and lives out her day with them.

5
The old woman Izergil brought happiness to those whom she loved, and for the sake of her beloved she could sacrifice herself.

The writing

The heroes of Gorky's early works are proud, strong, courageous people who single-handedly come to grips with dark forces. One of these works is the story "The Old Woman Izergil".

The plot is based on the memories of the old woman Izergil about her life and the legends she told about Larra and Danko. The legend tells about the brave and handsome young man Danko, who loves people more than himself - selflessly and with all his heart. Danko is a real hero - courageous and fearless, in the name of a noble goal - helping his people - he is capable of feat. When the tribe, overwhelmed by fear, exhausted by a long wandering through an impenetrable forest, already wanted to go to the enemy and bring him its freedom as a gift, Danko appeared. Energy and living fire shone in his eyes, the people believed in him and followed him. But tired of the difficult path, people again lost heart and stopped believing Danko, and at this turning point, when the angry crowd began to surround him more densely in order to kill him, Danko tore his heart out of his chest, illuminating the path to salvation for them.

The image of Danko embodies a high ideal - a humanist, a person of great spiritual beauty, capable of self-sacrifice for the sake of saving other people. This hero, despite his painful death, does not evoke feelings of pity in the reader, because his feat is higher than such feelings. Respect, delight, admiration - this is what the reader feels when imagining a young man with a fiery gaze holding a heart sparkling with love in his hand.

Danko Gorky contrasts the positive, sublime image of Larra with the “negative” image of the proud and selfish Larra considers himself the chosen one and looks at the people around him as if they were pitiful slaves. When asked why he killed the girl, Larra replies: “Do you only use yours? I see that each person has only speech, arms and legs, and he owns animals, women, land ... and many more. "

Its logic is simple and terrible, if everyone began to follow it, then a pitiful handful of people would soon remain on earth, fighting for survival and hunting each other. Realizing the depth of Larra's wrong, unable to forgive and forget the crime he committed, the tribe condemns him to eternal loneliness. Life outside of society gives rise to a feeling of inexpressible melancholy in Larra. "In his eyes," says Izergil, "there was so much melancholy that one could poison all the people of the world with it."

Pride, according to the author, is a wonderful character trait. It makes the slave free, the weak strong, the insignificance turns into a person. Pride does not tolerate anything narrow-minded and “common”. But hypertrophied pride gives rise to absolute freedom, freedom from society, freedom from all moral principles and principles, which ultimately leads to dire consequences.

It is this thought of Gorky that is key in the story of the old woman Izergil about Larra, who, being just such an absolutely free individual, dies spiritually for everyone (and above all for himself), remaining to live forever in his physical shell. The hero found death in immortality. Gorky reminds of the eternal truth: one cannot live in society and be free from it. Larra was doomed to loneliness and considered death to be true happiness. True happiness, according to Gorky, lies in giving oneself to people, as Danko did.

A distinctive feature of this story is a sharp contrast, opposition between good and bad, good and evil, light and dark.

The ideological meaning of the story is complemented by the outline of the image of the narrator - the old woman Izergil. Her memories of her life path are also a kind of legend about a brave and proud woman. The old woman Izergil values \u200b\u200bfreedom most of all, she proudly declares that she has never been a slave. Izergil speaks with admiration of the love of heroic deeds: "When a person loves exploits, he always knows how to do them and will find where it is possible."

In the story "Old Woman Izergil" Gorky draws exceptional characters, exalts proud and strong-willed people for whom freedom is above all. For him, Izergil, Danko and Larra, despite the extreme contradictory nature of the first, the seeming futility of the feat of the second and the endless remoteness from all living things of the third, are true heroes, people who bring the idea of \u200b\u200bfreedom to the world in its various manifestations.

However, in order to truly live life, it is not enough to “burn”, it is not enough to be free and proud, feeling and restless. You need to have the main thing - the goal. A goal that would justify the existence of a person, because "the price of a person is his business." "There is always a place for feat in life." "Forward! - above! everyone - forward! and - above - this is the credo of a real Man ”.

Other compositions on this work

"Old Isergil" Author and narrator in M. Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil" Analysis of the legend about Danko from the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil" Analysis of the legend about Larra (from the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil") Analysis of the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil" What is a sense of life? (based on the story of M. Gorky "The Old Woman Izergil") What is the meaning of the opposition between Danko and Larra (based on the story of M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil") Heroes of M. Gorky's early romantic prose Pride and selfless love for people (Larra and Danko in M. Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil") Pride and selfless love for the people of Larra and Danko (based on the story of M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil") Ideological and artistic features of the legend about Danko (based on the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil") Ideological and artistic features of the legend of Larra (based on the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil") Ideological meaning and artistic diversity of M. Gorky's early romantic works The idea of \u200b\u200ba feat for the sake of universal happiness (based on the story of M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"). Everyone is his own destiny (based on Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil") How do dream and reality coexist in the works of M. Gorky "The Old Woman Izergil" and "At the Bottom"? Legends and reality in the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil" Dreams of the heroic and beautiful in the story of M. Gorky "The Old Woman Izergil". The image of a heroic man in the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil" Features of the composition of M. Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil" The positive ideal of a person in M. Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil" Why is the story called "The Old Woman Izergil"? Reflections on M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil" Realism and Romanticism in the Early Works of M. Gorky The role of composition in revealing the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe story "Old Woman Izergil" Romantic works of M. Gorky For what purpose does M. Gorky in the story "Old Woman Izergil" oppose the concepts of "pride" and "pride"? The peculiarity of M. Gorky's romanticism in the stories “Makar Chudra” and “The Old Woman Izergnl The strength and weakness of a person in the understanding of M. Gorky ("The Old Woman Izergil", "At the Bottom") The system of images and symbols in the work of Maxim Gorky "Old woman Izergil" Composition based on the work of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil" Rescue of Arkadek from captivity (analysis of an episode from M. Gorky's story "Old Woman Izergil"). Man in the work of M. Gorky Legend and reality in the story "Old woman Izergil" Comparative characteristics of Larra and Danko What role does the image of the old woman Izergil play in the story of the same name? The romantic ideal of Man in the story "The Old Woman Izergil" Analysis of the legend about Larra from the story of M. Gorky "Old woman Izergil" Heroes of M. Gorky's romantic stories. (On the example of "Old Woman Izergil") The main characters of Gorky's story "The Old Woman Izergil" The image of Danko "Old woman Izergil"

Danko (Fig. 2) became a symbol of heroism, a hero ready for self-sacrifice. Thus, the story is built on an antithesis, and the heroes of the work are antipodes.

Antipode (from Old Greek. "opposite" or "opposing") - in a general sense, something opposite to something else. In a figurative sense, it can be applied to people with opposite views.

The term “antipode” was introduced by Plato in his Timaeus dialogue to combine the relativity of the concepts of “up” and “down”.

In the story "Old Woman Izergil", in addition to the old legends, the author included a story about the life of the old woman Izergil herself. Let's remember the composition of the story. Memories of the old woman Izergil are compositionally placed between two legends. The heroes of the legends are not real people, but symbols: Larra is a symbol of selfishness, Danko is a symbol of altruism. As for the image of the old woman Izergil (Fig. 3), her life and fate are quite realistic. Let's talk about this in more detail.

Figure: 3. Old woman Izergil ()

Izergil is very old: “Time bent her in half, once black eyes were dull and watery. Her dry voice sounded strange, it crunched like an old woman spoke with bones. " The old woman Izergil talks about herself, about her life, about the men whom she first loved and then abandoned, and only for the sake of one of them she was ready to give her life. Her lovers did not have to be beautiful. She loved those who were capable of a real deed.

“... He loved exploits. And when a person loves feats, he always knows how to do them and will find where it is possible. In life, you know, there is always a place for exploits. And those who do not find them for themselves are simply lazy, or cowards, or do not understand life, because if people understood life, everyone would want to leave their shadow in it. And then life would not devour people without a trace ... "

In her life, Izergil often acted selfishly. Suffice it to recall the case when she fled from the sultan's harem with his son. The Sultan's son soon died, which the old woman recalls as follows: "I cried over him, maybe I killed him? .." But other moments of her life, when she really loved, she was ready for a feat. For example, in order to save a loved one from captivity, she risked her life.

Old woman Izergil measures people with such concepts as honesty, straightforwardness, courage, ability to act. It is these people that she considers beautiful. Izergil despises people boring, weak, cowardly. She is proud that she lived a bright and interesting life, and believes that she should pass on her life experience to the young.

That is why she tells us two legends, as if giving us the right to choose which path to follow: the path of pride, like Larra, or the path of pride, like Danko. Because there is one step difference between pride and pride. It can be a carelessly spoken word or an act dictated by our egoism. We must remember that we live among people, and reckon with their feelings, moods, opinions. We must remember that for every word we say, every deed we are responsible to those around us, as well as to our conscience. This is exactly what Gorky wanted to make the reader think about (Fig. 4) in the story "The Old Woman Izergil".

Figure: 4.M. Gorky ()

Pathos (from the Greek "suffering, inspiration, passion") - the emotional content of a work of art, feelings and emotions that the author puts into the text, expecting the reader's empathy.

In the history of literature, the term "pathos" has been used in different meanings. So, for example, in the era of Antiquity, pathos was called the state of a person's soul, the passions that the hero experiences. In Russian literature, the critic V.G. Belinsky (Fig. 5) suggested using the term "pathos" to characterize the work and creativity of the writer as a whole.

Figure: 5. V.G. Belinsky ()

Bibliography

Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 1. - 2012.
Korovina V.Ya. Literature textbook. 7th grade. Part 2. - 2009.
Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. Textbook-reader on literature. 7th grade. - 2012.

Nado5.ru ().
Litra.ru ().
Goldlit.ru ().

Homework

Tell us what antipode and pathos are.
Give a detailed description of the image of the old woman Izergil and think about what features of Larra and Danko the image of the old woman embodies.
Write an essay on the topic: "Larra and Danko in our time."

The heroes of the early works of Maxim Gorky are proud, beautiful, strong and courageous people, they always single-handedly fight the dark forces. One of these works is the story "The Old Woman Izergil". This story introduces us to two romantic legends that take place many thousands of years ago.
Danko was a representative of one of the ancient tribes, Lappa - the son of a woman and an eagle. The similarity of the heroes is in their beautiful appearance, courage and strength, otherwise they are the complete opposite of each other, that is, antipodes. However, in the appearance of the heroes there is a serious distinction. Larra's gaze was cold and proud, like the king of birds. On the contrary, Danko's gaze "shone a lot of vulture and living fire." The people of the Larra tribe hated him for his excessive pride. “And they talked to him, and he answered if he wanted, or kept silent, and when the oldest tribes came, he talked to them like! with equals. " Larra fell and killed, not at all regretting about it, and for this people hated him even more. "... And he hit her and when she fell, he put his foot on her chest, so that blood spurted out of her mouth to the sky." The people of the tribe also understood that Larra was no better than them, although he believed that he was no more like me, that is, he was an individualist. When asked why he killed the girl, Larra answers. “Do you only use yours? I see that each person has only speech, hands and feet, and he owns animals, women, land ... and many more. "
His logic is simple and terrible, if everyone began to follow it, then on earth soon! there would be a pitiful handful of people fighting for survival and hunting each other. Realizing the depth of Larra's wrong, unable to forgive and forget the crime he committed, the tribe condemns him to eternal loneliness. Life outside of society gives rise to a feeling of ineffable melancholy in Larra. "In his eyes," says Izergil, "there was so much melancholy that one could poison all the people of the world with it."
Pride, according to the author, is a wonderful character trait. She makes the slave free and strong, she turns nothing into a person. Pride does not tolerate anything narrow-minded and “common”. But hypertrophied pride gives rise to absolute freedom, freedom from society, freedom from all moral principles and principles, which ultimately leads to dire consequences. It is this thought of Gorky that is key in the story of old woman Izergil about Larra, who ,! being just such an absolutely free individual, he dies spiritually for everyone (and above all for himself), remaining to live forever in his physical shell. The hero found death in immortality. Gorky reminds of the eternal truth: one cannot live in society and be free from it. Larra was doomed to loneliness and considered death to be true happiness. True happiness, according to Gorky, lies in giving oneself to people, as Danko did.
The people of the tribe in which Danko lived, on the contrary, “looked at him and saw that he was the best of all” for his high fortitude, courage and ability to lead people. After all, it was Danko who was not afraid to lead his tribe through the forest thicket, and throughout the journey he kept faith in the best. People, looking at him, believed in their salvation. Even when the people of the tribe were angry with him, “became like animals”, because of their fatigue and impotence, they wanted to kill him, Danko was unable! answer them in kind. His love for people extinguished irritation and anger in him. And for the sake of these people, Danko sacrificed his life, tearing his se