In 1894, replacing his father Alexander III, Nicholas II ascended the Russian throne. He was destined to become the last emperor not only in the great Romanov dynasty, but also in the history of Russia. In 1917, at the suggestion of the Provisional Government, Nicholas II abdicated the throne. He was exiled to Yekaterinburg, where in 1918 he and his family were shot.
mystery death of the royal Romanov family
The Bolsheviks feared that enemy troops might enter Yekaterinburg from day to day: the Red Army was clearly not strong enough to resist. In this regard, it was decided to shoot the Romanovs without waiting for their trial. On July 16, the people appointed for the execution of the sentence came to the Ipatiev house, where the royal family was under the strictest supervision. Toward midnight, everyone was transferred to the room designated for the execution of the sentence, which was located on the ground floor. There, after the announcement of the resolution of the Ural Regional Council, Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, their children: Olga (22 years old), Tatyana (20 years old), Maria (18 years old), Anastasia (16 years old), Alexei (14 years old), as well as doctor Botkin, cook Kharitonov, another cook (his name is unknown), Trupp's footman and room girl Anna Demidova were shot.
The same night, the bodies were carried in blankets to the courtyard of the house and put into a truck, which drove out of the city onto the road leading to the village of Koptyaki. About eight versts from Yekaterinburg, the car turned left onto a forest path and drove to the abandoned mines in an area called Ganina Yama. The bodies were thrown into one of the mines, and the next day they were removed and destroyed ...
The circumstances of the execution of Nicholas II and his family in Yekaterinburg on the night of July 16-17, 1918, as well as Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich in Perm on June 10 and a group of other members of the Romanov family in Alapaevsk on July 18 of the same year were investigated back in 1919-1921 N. A. Sokolov. He took over the investigation from the investigative group of General MK Dieterichs, led it up to the retreat of Kolchak's troops from the Urals, and subsequently published a complete selection of case materials in the book Murder of the Tsar's Family (Berlin, 1925). One and the same factual material was illuminated from different angles: interpretations abroad and in the USSR were sharply different. The Bolsheviks did their best to hide information regarding the execution and the exact burial place of the remains. At first, they relentlessly adhered to the false version that everything was in order with Alexandra Fedorovna and her children. Even at the end of 1922 Chicherin declared that the daughters of Nicholas II were in America and they were completely safe. The monarchists clung to this lie, which was one of the reasons why there is still debate about whether any of the members of the royal family managed to avoid a tragic fate.
For almost twenty years, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences A. N. Avdo-din has been investigating the death of the royal family. In 1979, together with the writer-screenwriter Geliy Ryabov, having established the place of the alleged concealment of the remains, they dug out part of them on the Koptyakovskaya road.
In 1998, in an interview with the correspondent of the newspaper Argumenty i Fakty, Geliy Ryabov said: “In 1976, when I was in Sverdlovsk, I came to Ipatiev's house, walked around the garden among old trees. I have a rich imagination: I saw them walking here, heard them talking - it was all imagination, a mystery, but nevertheless it was a strong impression. Then I was introduced to the local historian Alexander Avdodin ... I tracked down Yurovsky's son - he gave me a copy of his father's note (who personally shot at Nicholas II with a revolver - Author). On it, we established the burial place, from which we got three skulls. One skull remained with Avdodin, and I took two with me. In Moscow, he turned to one of the responsible employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, with whom he once began the service, and asked him to conduct an examination. He didn’t help me because he was a staunch communist. For a year, the skulls were kept at my house ... The next year we gathered again in the Pig's Log and put everything back in place. " During the interview, G. Ryabov noted that some of the events that took place in those days cannot be called anything other than mysticism: “The next morning after we unearthed the remains, I came there again. I went to the excavation site - believe it or not - the grass grew by ten centimeters overnight. Nothing is visible, all traces are hidden. Then I carried these skulls in a service "Volga" to Nizhny Tagil. The mushroom rain has started. Suddenly a man appeared in front of the car out of nothing. Driver -
steep steering wheel to the left, the car skidded down a slope. Turned over many times, fell on the roof, flew out all the glass. The driver has a small scratch, I have nothing at all ... During another trip to Porosenkov Log I saw a series of foggy figures at the edge of the forest ... "
The story related to the discovery of remains on the Koptyakovskaya road received a public response. In 1991, for the first time in Russia, an attempt was made officially to reveal the secret of the death of the Romanov family. For this purpose, a government commission was created. During her work, the press, along with the publication of reliable data, covered a lot with a biased view, without any analysis, sinning against the truth. There were debates around who, in fact, belonged to the exhumed bone remains, which had been lying for many decades under the flooring of the old Koptyakovskaya road? Who are these people? What caused their deaths?
The research results of Russian and American scientists were heard and discussed on July 27-28, 1992 in the city of Yekaterinburg at the international scientific-practical conference "The last page of the history of the royal family: the results of the study of the Yekaterinburg tragedy." The coordination council organized and conducted this conference. The conference was of a closed nature: only historians, physicians and criminologists, who had previously worked independently of each other, were invited to it. Thus, the adjustment of the results of some studies to others was excluded. The conclusions reached by the scientists of the two countries independently of each other turned out to be practically the same and, with a high degree of probability, indicated that the discovered remains belonged to the royal family and its entourage. According to expert V.O. Plaksin, the results of the studies of Russian and American scientists coincided on eight skeletons (out of nine found), and only one turned out to be controversial.
After numerous studies both in Russia and abroad, after laborious work with archival documents, the government commission concluded: the discovered bone remains really belong to members of the Romanov family. Nevertheless, the controversy around this topic does not subside. Some researchers still strongly refute the official conclusion of the government commission. They claim that "Yurovsky's note" is a fake fabricated in the bowels of the NKVD.
On this occasion, one of the members of the government commission, the famous historian Edward Stanislavovich Radzinsky, giving an interview to the correspondent of the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, expressed his opinion: “So, there is a note by Yurovsky. Let's say we don't know what it is about. We only know that it exists and that it says about some corpses, which the author declares to be the corpses of the royal family. The note indicates the place where the corpses are ... The burial, which is mentioned in the note, is opened, and there are found as many corpses as indicated in the note - nine. What follows from this? .. ”E. S. Radzinsky believes that this is not just a coincidence. In addition, he pointed out that DNA analysis -99, 99999 ...% probability British scientists, for a year studying fragments of bone remains by molecular genetic methods at the forensic center of the British Ministry of the Interior in the city of Aldermaston, came to the conclusion that bone the remains found near Yekaterinburg belong precisely to the family of the Russian emperor Nicholas II.
To this day, from time to time there are reports in the press about people who consider themselves descendants of members of the royal house. So, some researchers have suggested that in 1918 one of the daughters of Nicholas II, Anastasia, passed away. Her heirs immediately began to appear. For example, the Red Ufa resident Afanasy Fomin belongs to them. He claims that in 1932, when his family lived in Salekhard, two military men came to them and began to interrogate all family members in turn. Children were brutally tortured. Mother could not resist and confessed that she was Princess Anastasia. She was dragged outside, blindfolded and hacked to death with sabers. The boy was sent to an orphanage. Athanasius himself learned about his belonging to the royal family from a woman named Fenya. She said she served Anastasia. In addition, Fomin told the local newspaper unknown facts from the life of the royal family and presented his photographs.
It was also suggested that people loyal to the tsar helped Alexandra Fedorovna to cross the border (to Germany), and she lived there for more than one year.
According to another version, Tsarevich Alexei survived. He has eight dozen “descendants”. But only one of them asked for an identification examination and legal proceedings. This person is Oleg Vasilievich Filatov. He was born in the Tyumen region in 1953. He currently lives in St. Petersburg, serves in a bank.
Among those who became interested in O. Filatov was the correspondent of the newspaper "Komsomolskaya Pravda" Tatyana Maksimova. She visited Filatov, met his family. She was struck by the amazing resemblance between Oleg Vasilyevich's eldest daughter Anastasia and Grand Duchess Olga, the sister of Nicholas II. And the face of the youngest daughter of Yaroslavna, says T. Maksimova, strikingly resembles Tsarevich Alexei. OV Filatov himself says that the facts and documents at his disposal suggest that Tsarevich Alexei lived under the name of his father Vasily Ksenofontovich Filatov. But, according to Oleg Vasilyevich, the final conclusion must be made by the court.
... His father met his future wife at the age of 48. They were both village school teachers. The Filatovs first had a son, Oleg, then a daughter - Olga, Irina, Nadezhda.
For the first time, eight-year-old Oleg heard about Tsarevich Alexei from his father while fishing. Vasily Ksenofontovich told a story that began with the fact that Alexei woke up at night on a pile of dead bodies in a truck. It was raining and the car skidded. People got out of the cab and, swearing, began to drag the dead to the ground. Someone's hand thrust a revolver into Alexei's pocket. When it became clear that the car could not be pulled out without a tug, the soldiers went to the city for help. The boy crawled under the railway bridge. He reached the station by rail. There, among the cars, the fugitive was detained by a patrol. Alexei tried to run away, fired back. All this was seen by a woman who worked as a switchman. The patrolmen caught Alexey and drove him with bayonets to the forest. The woman ran after them screaming, then the patrolmen began to shoot at her. Fortunately, the switchwoman managed to hide behind the carriages. In the forest, Alexei was pushed into the first pit that came across, and then a grenade was thrown. A manhole in a pit saved him from death, where the boy managed to slip. However, the shrapnel hit the left heel.
The boy was pulled out by the same woman. She was helped by two men. They took Alexey on a railcar to the station, called a surgeon. The doctor wanted to amputate the boy's foot, but he did not work. From Yekaterinburg, Alexei was transported to Shadrinsk. There he was lodged with the shoemaker Filatov, laid on the stove with the owner's son, who was in a fever. Of the two, Alexei survived. He was given the name and surname of the deceased.
In a conversation with Filatov, T. Maksimova noted: "Oleg Vasilyevich, but the Tsarevich suffered from hemophilia - I can't believe that the wounds from bayonets and grenade fragments left him a chance to survive." To this Filatov replied: “I only know that the boy Alexei, as his father said, after Shadrin-ska was treated for a long time in the north near the Khanty-Mansi with decoctions of reindeer needles and moss reindeer lichen, they forced him to eat raw venison, seal meat, bear meat, fish, and as if bull's eyes. " In addition, Oleg Vasilyevich also noted that hematogen and Cahors were never transferred at home. All his life, my father drank an infusion of bovine blood, took vitamins E and C, calcium gluconate, glycerophosphate. He was always afraid of bruises and cuts. He avoided contacts with official medicine, and treated his teeth only at private dentists.
about the words of Oleg Vasilievich, children began to analyze the strangeness of their father's biography when they had already matured. So, he often transported his family from one place to another: from the Orenburg region to the Vologda region, and from there to the Stavropol region. At the same time, the family always settled in remote rural areas. The children wondered: where did the Soviet geography teacher get deep religiosity and knowledge of prayers? And foreign languages? He knew German, French, Greek and Latin. When the children asked how their father knew languages, he replied that he had learned it at the workers' school. My father also played keyboards and sang beautifully. He also taught his children musical literacy. When Oleg entered the vocal class of Nikolai Okhotnikov, the teacher did not believe that the young man was taught at home - the basics were taught so skillfully. Oleg Vasilievich said that his father taught musical notation using the digital method. After the death of his father, in 1988, Filatov Jr. learned that this method was the property of the imperial family and was inherited.
In a conversation with a journalist, Oleg Vasilyevich told about another coincidence. From his father's stories, the surname of the Strekotin brothers, "Uncle Andrei" and "Uncle Sasha", engraved in his memory. It was they, together with the switchwoman, who took the wounded boy out of the pit, and then took him to Shadrinsk. In the State Archives, Oleg Vasilyevich found out that the Red Army soldiers, brothers Andrei and Alexander Strekotin, really served in the protection of the Ipatiev house.
In the Scientific Research Center of Law at St. Petersburg State University, the portraits of Tsarevich Alexei at the age of one and a half to 14 years old and Vasily Filatov were combined. A total of 42 photographs were examined. The studies carried out with a high degree of reliability allow us to believe that these photographs of a teenager and a man depict the same person at different age periods of his life.
Graphologists analyzed six letters from 1916-1918, 5 pages of Tsarevich Alexei's diary and 13 notes by Vasily Filatov. The conclusion was as follows: we can say with complete confidence that the studied records were made by the same person.
Doctoral student of the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Military Medical Academy Andrei Kovalev compared the results of the study of the Yekaterinburg remains with the structural features of the spines of Oleg Filatov and his sisters. According to the expert, Filatov's blood relationship with members of the House of Romanov is not excluded.
For a final conclusion, more research is needed, in particular DNA. In addition, the body of Oleg Vasilyevich's father will need to be exhumed. OV Filatov believes that this procedure must necessarily be carried out within the framework of a forensic medical examination. And this requires a court decision and ... money.
I bring to the attention of the readers very interesting information from the book "The Way of the Cross of the Holy Royal Martyrs"
(Moscow 2002)
The assassination of the Royal Family was prepared in the strictest confidence. Even many high-ranking Bolsheviks were not privy to it.
It was carried out in Yekaterinburg on orders from Moscow, according to a long-planned plan.
The investigation calls Yankel Movshevich Sverdlov, who served as chairman of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Isp., The main organizer of the murder. Committee of the Congress of Soviets, the almighty ruler-temporary leader of Russia in this era.
All the threads of the crime converge on him. From him came the instructions received and executed in Yekaterinburg. His task was to give the murder the appearance of an unauthorized act by the local Ural authorities, thereby completely removing the responsibility of the Soviet government and the real initiators of the atrocity.
The following persons were complicit in the murder from among the local Bolshevik leaders: Shaya Isaakovich Goloshchekin - a personal friend of Sverdlov, who seized actual power in the Urals, the military commissar of the Ural region, the head of the Cheka and the main executioner of the Urals at that time; Yankel Izidorovich Weisbart (called himself a Russian worker A.G. Beloborodov) - Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Ural Regional Council; Alexander Mobius - Chief of the Revolutionary Headquarters - Special Representative of Bronstein-Trotsky; Yankel Khaimovich Yurovsky (who called himself Yakov Mikhailovich, - Commissioner of Justice of the Ural Region, member of the Cheka; Pinkhus Lazarevich Weiner (who called himself Peter Lazarevich Voikov (his name is the modern station of the Moscow metro "Voikovskaya") - Supply Commissioner of the Ural Region, - and the closest assistant of Yurovsky Safarov is the second assistant to Yurovsky.All of them followed instructions from Moscow from Sverdlov, Apfelbaum, Lenin, Uritsky and Bronstein-Trotsky (in his memoirs published abroad in 1931, Trotsky accused himself, cynically justifying the murder of the entire Royal Family, including including the August Children).
In the absence of Goloshchekin (he went to Moscow to Sverdlov for instructions) preparations for the murder of the Tsar's Family began to take a concrete form: they removed unnecessary witnesses - the internal guards, tk. she was almost completely disposed to the Royal Family and was unreliable for the executioners, namely on July 3, 1918. - Avdeev and his assistant Moshkin (he was even arrested) were suddenly expelled. Instead of Avdeev, the commandant of the "House of Special Purpose," Yurovsky became his assistant, Nikulin (known for his atrocities in Kamyshin, working in the Cheka).
All the guards were replaced by selected Chekists seconded by the local emergency. From that moment and during the last two weeks, when the Royal Prisoners had to live under the same roof with their future executioners, Their Life became continuous torment ...
On Sunday 1/14 July, three days before the assassination, at the request of the Tsar, Yurovsky allowed to invite Archpriest Father John Storozhev and Deacon Bumirov, who even earlier on May 20 / June 2 had served as a mass for the Royal Family. They noticed a change in the state of mind of Their Majesties and August Children. According to O. John, They were not in "oppression of the spirit, but still gave the impression of being tired." On this day, for the first time, none of the Members of the Royal Family sang during the service. They prayed in silence, as if anticipating that this was their last church prayer, and as if it had been revealed to them that this prayer would be extraordinary. Indeed, a significant event took place here, the deep and mysterious meaning of which became clear only when it receded into the past. The deacon began to sing "Rest with the Saints," although according to the order of the Mass it is supposed to read this prayer, - recalls Fr. John: “… I began to sing too, somewhat embarrassed by such a deviation from the charter, but as soon as we sang, I heard that the Members of the Romanov Family standing behind me knelt down…”. So the Royal Prisoners, without even knowing it, prepared for death, having accepted the funeral advice ...
Meanwhile, Goloshchekin brought an order from Moscow from Sverdlov to shoot the Tsar's Family.
Yurovsky and his team of executioners quickly prepared everything for execution. In the morning, on Tuesday 3/16 July 1918. he removed from the Ipatiev house of the cook's apprentice little Leonid Sednev - the nephew of I.D. Sednev (children's footman).
But even in these dying days, the Royal Family did not lose courage. On Monday 2/15 July, four women were sent to Ipatiev's house to wash the floors. One then showed the investigator: "I personally washed the floors in almost all the rooms allocated for the Royal Family ... The princesses helped us clean and move the beds in Their bedroom and talked merrily among Themselves ..."
At 7 o'clock in the evening, Yurovsky ordered the revolvers to be taken away from the Russian outside guards, then he handed out the same revolvers to the participants in the execution, Pavel Medvedev helped him.
On this last day of the Prisoners' life, the Sovereign, the Heir to the Tsarevich and all the Grand Duchesses went for their usual walk in the garden and at 4 pm, during the changing of the sentries, returned to the house. They never came out again. The evening routine was not disturbed by anything ...
Suspecting nothing, the Royal Family went to bed. Shortly after midnight, Yurovsky entered Their rooms, woke everyone up and, under the pretext of danger threatening the city from the approaching white troops, announced that he had an order to take the Prisoners to safety. After a while, when everyone was dressed, washed and prepared for departure, Yurovsky, accompanied by Nikulin and Medvedev, led the Tsar's Family to the lower floor to the outer door overlooking Voznesensky Lane.
Yurovsky and Nikulin walked ahead, holding a lamp in his hand to illuminate the dark narrow staircase. The Emperor followed them. He carried in his arms the Heir Alexei Nikolaevich. The Heir's leg was tied with a thick bandage, and with every step He moaned softly. The Tsar was followed by the Empress and the Grand Duchesses. Some of Them had a pillow with Them, and Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna carried in her arms her beloved dog Jimmy. This was followed by the physician E.S.Botkin, the room girl A.S. Demidova, the footman A.E. Trup and the cook I.M. The procession was closed by Medvedev. Going downstairs and going through the entire lower floor to the corner room - it was the front one with the exit door to the street - Yurovsky turned left into the next middle room, just under the bedroom of the Grand Duchesses, and announced that They would have to wait until the cars were served. It was an empty semi-basement room 5 1/3 long and 4 1/2 m wide.
Since the Tsarevich could not stand, and the Empress was unwell, three chairs were brought at the Tsar's request. The Emperor sat down in the middle of the room, seating the Heir next to Him and embracing Him with his right hand. Doctor Botkin stood behind the Heir and a little to the side of Him. The Empress sat to the left of the Emperor, closer to the window and a step behind. On Her chair, and on the chair of the Heir, a pillow was placed. On the same side, even closer to the wall with a window, in the back of the room, stood Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna and a little further, in the corner by the outer wall, Anna Demidova. At the chair of the Empress was one of the older V. Knyazhen, probably Tatyana Nikolaevna. On Her right hand, leaning against the back wall, stood V. Knyazhny Olga Nikolaevna and Maria Nikolaevna; next to Them, a little ahead, A. Trup, holding a blanket for the Heir, and in the far left corner of the door, the cook Kharitonov. The first half of the room from the entrance remained free. Everyone was calm. They are apparently used to such night alarms and movements. Moreover, Yurovsky's explanations seemed plausible, and a certain "forced" delay did not raise any suspicion.
Yurovsky went out to make the final instructions. By this time, all 11 executioners had gathered in one of the neighboring rooms, who had shot the Royal Family and Her faithful servants that night. Here are their names: Yankel Khaimovich Yurovsky, Nikulin, Stepan Vaganov, Pavel Spiridonovich Medvedev, Laons Horvat, Anselm Fischer, Isidor Edelstein, Emil Fecke, Imre Nad, Victor Grinfeld and Andreas Vergazi - mercenaries - Magyars.
Each had a seven-shot revolver revolver. Yurovsky, in addition, had a Mauser, and two had rifles with bayonets attached. Each killer chose his victim in advance: Gorvat chose Botkin. But at the same time, Yurovsky strictly forbade all others to shoot at the Sovereign Emperor and at the Tsarevich: he wanted - or rather he was ordered - to kill the Russian Orthodox Tsar and His Heir with his own hand.
Outside the window came the sound of a four-ton Fiat truck being prepared to transport bodies. Shooting under the noise of a working truck engine to drown out shots was a favorite tactic of the Chekists. This method was applied here as well.
It was 1h. 15m. Nights according to solar time, or 3h. 15m. according to the summer (translated by the Bolsheviks two hours ahead). Yurovsky returned to the room, along with the entire team of executioners. Nikulin moved closer to the window, opposite the Empress. Gorvat is facing Dr. Botkin. The rest split on either side of the door. Medvedev took a position on the doorstep.
Approaching the Tsar, Yurovsky said a few words, announcing the impending execution. This was so unexpected that the Emperor, apparently, did not immediately understand the meaning of what was said. He got up from his chair and asked in amazement: “What? What?" The Empress and one of the V. Princes managed to cross themselves. At that moment, Yurovsky raised his revolver and fired several times at point-blank range, first at the Emperor and then at the Heir.
Others started shooting almost simultaneously. The Grand Duchesses, standing in the second row, saw Their Parents fall and began to scream in horror. They were destined to outlive Them for a few terrible moments. Those being shot fell one after another. In only 2-3 minutes, about 70 shots were fired. The wounded princesses were stabbed with bayonets. The heir groaned weakly. Yurovsky killed Him with two shots to the head. The wounded Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna was finished off with bayonets and rifle butts.
Anna Demidova tossed about until she fell under the blows of bayonets. Some of the victims were shot and punctured before everything was quiet.
... Through the bluish fog that filled the room from the many shots, with the weak consecration of one electric bulb, the picture of the murder presented a terrifying sight.
The Emperor fell forward, close to the Empress. The Heir was lying on his back nearby. The Grand Duchesses were together, as if They were holding each other's hands. Between Them lay the corpse of little Jimmy, whom the Great Anastasia Nikolaevna pressed to her until the last moment. Dr. Botkin took a step forward before falling prone with his right hand raised. Anna Demidova and Alexey Trup fell near the back wall. At the feet of the Grand Duchesses, Ivan Kharitonov lay supine. All those killed had several wounds, and therefore there was especially a lot of blood. Their faces and clothes were covered in blood, it stood in puddles on the floor, and covered the walls with splashes and stains. It seemed that the whole room was covered with blood and was a massacre (Old Testament altar).
On the night of the martyrdom of the Tsar's Family, Blessed Mary Diveevskaya raged and shouted: “Princess with bayonets! Damned Jews! " She raged terribly, and only then did they understand what she was shouting about. Under the vaults of the Ipatiev cellar, in which the Royal Martyrs and their Faithful servants finished their way of the cross, inscriptions left by the executioners were discovered. One of them consisted of four kabbalistic signs. It was deciphered as follows: “Here, by order of the satanic forces, the King was sacrificed to destroy the State. All nations are notified of this. "
“… At the very beginning of this century, even before the First World War, small shops in the Polish kingdom sold from under the floor rather crudely printed postcards depicting a Jewish“ tzaddik ”(rabbi) with a torah in one hand and a white bird in the other. The bird had the head of Emperor Nicholas II, with an imperial crown. Below ... was the following inscription: "Let this sacrificial animal be my purification, it will be my replacement and purification sacrifice."
During the investigation into the murder of Nicholas II and His Family, it was established that the day before this crime, a special train arrived in Yekaterinburg from Central Russia, consisting of a steam locomotive and one passenger carriage. In him came a face in black clothes, similar to a Jewish rabbi. This person examined the basement of the house and left on the wall (the above-mentioned comp.) A Kabbalistic inscription ... "." Christography "," New Book of Russia "magazine.
... By this time, Shaya Goloshchekin, Beloborodov, Mobius and Voikov arrived at the "House of Special Purpose". Yurovsky and Voikov took up a thorough examination of the dead. They turned everyone onto their backs to make sure there were no signs of life. At the same time, they removed jewelry from their victims: rings, bracelets, gold watches. They took off the princess shoes, which were then presented to their mistresses.
Then the bodies were wrapped in a pre-prepared overcoat cloth and transferred on a stretcher made of two shafts and sheets to a truck parked at the entrance. The Zlokaz worker Lyukhanov was at the wheel. Yurovsky, Ermakov and Vaganov sat down with him.
Under cover of night, the truck drove away from Ipatiev's house, went down Voznesensky Prospekt towards Glavny Prospekt and left the city through the suburb of Verkh-Isetsk. Here he turned onto the only road leading to the village of Koptyaki, which stretches out on the shore of Lake Isetskoye. The road there goes through the forest, crossing the Perm and Tagil railway lines. It was already dawn when, about 15 versts from Yekaterinburg and, before reaching four versts to Koptyaki, the truck turned left in a dense forest in the tract of "Four Brothers" and reached a small forest clearing near a row of abandoned mine mines called "Ganina Yama". Here the bodies of the Royal Martyrs were unloaded, chopped up, doused with gasoline and thrown on two large fires. The bones were destroyed with sulfuric acid. For three days and two nights, the killers, assisted by 15 responsible party communists specially mobilized for this purpose, did their devilish work under the direct supervision of Yurovsky, on the instructions of Voikov and under the supervision of Goloshchekin and Beloborodov, who came several times from Yekaterinburg to the forest. Finally, by the evening of July 6/19, it was all over. The killers diligently destroyed the traces of the fires. The ashes and everything that remained of the burnt bodies was thrown into a mine, which was then blown up by hand grenades, and around they dug up the ground and threw leaves and moss on it to hide the traces of the crime committed here.
Beloborodov immediately telegraphed to Sverdlov about the murder of the Royal Family. However, this latter did not dare to reveal the truth not only to the Russian people, but even to the Soviet government. At a meeting of the Council of People's Commissars, which took place on July 5/18 under the chairmanship of Lenin, Sverdlov made an emergency statement. It was a heap of lies.
He said that a message had been received from Yekaterinburg about the execution of the Sovereign Emperor, that He had been shot by order of the Ural Regional Council and that the Empress and the Heir had been evacuated to a "safe place." He kept silent about the fate of the Grand Duchesses. In conclusion, he added that the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee approved the resolution of the Ural Council. Having listened silently to the statement of Sverdlov, the members of the Council of People's Commissars continued the meeting ...
The next day it was announced in all the newspapers in Moscow. After lengthy negotiations with Sverdlov on a direct wire, Goloshchekin made a similar message to the Ural Council, which was published in Yekaterinburg only on July 8/21, since the Yekaterinburg Bolsheviks, who allegedly shot the Tsar's Family without permission, in fact did not dare even release a message without Moscow's permission about the shooting. Meanwhile, as the front approached, the panicky flight of the Bolsheviks from Yekaterinburg began. On July 12/25, he was taken by the troops of the Siberian Army. On the same day, guards were assigned to the Ipatiev house, and on July 17/30 a judicial investigation began, which restored in almost all details the picture of this terrible atrocity, and also established the identity of its organizers and performers. In subsequent years, a number of new witnesses appeared, and new documents and facts became known, which further supplemented and clarified the materials of the investigation.
Investigating the ritual murder of the Royal Family, investigator Sokolov N.A., who literally sifted through the entire earth at the site of the burning of the bodies of the Royal Family and found numerous fragments of crushed and charred bones and extensive greasy masses, did not find a single tooth, not a single fragment of them, and as you know, teeth do not burn in fire. It turned out that after the murder Isaak Goloshchekin immediately went to Moscow with three barrels of alcohol ... He was taking with him to Moscow these heavy barrels, sealed in wooden boxes and wrapped in ropes, and in the carriage, without touching the contents in them, there was absolutely no place at all in the cabin. Some of the escorting security officials and train attendants inquired about the mysterious cargo. Goloschekin answered all questions that he was carrying samples of artillery shells for the Putilov factory. In Moscow, Goloshchekin took the boxes, went to Yankel Sverdlov and lived with him for five days without returning to the carriage. What documents in the literal sense of the word, and for what purpose could be of interest to Yankel Sverdlov, Nakhamkes and Bronstein?
It is quite possible that the killers, destroying the Tsar's bodies, separated the honest heads from them, to prove to the leadership in Moscow about the elimination of the entire Tsar's Family. This method, as a form of "reporting", was widely used in the Cheka, in those terrible years of mass killings by the Bolsheviks of the defenseless population of Russia.
There is a rare snapshot: during the days of the February Troubles, the Tsar's children, sick with measles, upon recovery, all five took off with their heads shaved - so that only heads are visible, and they all look the same. The Empress burst into tears: five children's heads seem to be cut off ...
There is no doubt that it was a ritual murder. This is evidenced not only by the ritual kabbalistic inscriptions in the basement room of the Ipatiev house, but also by the murderers themselves.
The wicked knew what they did. Their talk is remarkable. One of the regicides M.A. Medvedev (Kudrin) described the night of July 17 in December 1963:
... We went down to the first floor. This is the very small room. "Yurovsky and Nikulin brought three chairs - the last thrones of the condemned Dynasty."
Yurovsky declares aloud: "... the mission is entrusted to us to end the House of Romanovs!"
But the moment immediately after the massacre: “Near the truck I meet Philip Goloshchekin.
Where have you been? - I ask him.
Walked around the square. I listened to shots. You could hear it. - Bent over the Tsar.
The end, you say, of the Romanov Dynasty ?! Yes…
The Red Army soldier brought Anastasia's pet dog on a bayonet - when we walked past the door (to the stairs to the second floor), a prolonged plaintive howl was heard from behind the doors - the last salute to the All-Russian Emperor. The corpse of the dog was thrown next to the king's.
Dogs - a dog's death! - Goloshchekin said contemptuously. "
After the fanatics initially threw the bodies of the Royal Martyrs into the mine, they decided to remove them from there in order to set them on fire. “From 17th to 18th July, - recalled P.Z. Ermakov, - I again arrived in the forest, brought a rope. I was lowered into the mine. I began to tie each one individually, and two guys pulled out. All the corpses were obtained (sik! - SF) from the mine in order to put an end to the Romanovs and so that their friends would not think to create HOLY POWERS. "
The already mentioned M.A. Medvedev testified: "Before us lay ready-made" WONDERFUL POWER ": the ice-cold water of the mine not only completely washed away the blood, but also froze the bodies so much that they looked as if they were alive - even a blush appeared on the faces of the Tsar, girls and women."
One of the participants in the destruction of the royal bodies, the Chekist G.I. Sukhorukov recalled 3.4.1928: “In order that even if the whites had found these corpses and had not guessed by the number that it was the Royal Family, we decided to burn two pieces at the stake, which we did, the first Heir got to OUR VICTIM and the second is the youngest daughter Anastasia ... ".
Participant in the regicide M.A. Medvedev (Kudrin) (December 1963): "With the deep religiosity of the people in the provinces, it was impossible to allow the enemy to leave even the remains of the Tsar's Dynasty, from which the clergy would immediately fabricate" HOLY WONDERFUL POWERS "...".
Another Chekist G.P. Nikulin in his conversation on the radio on May 12, 1964: "... Even if a corpse were found, then, obviously, some POWER were created from it, you know, around which some kind of counter-revolution would group ...".
The same was confirmed the next day by his friend I.I. Rodzinsky: “... It was a very serious matter.<…> If the White Guards found these remains, do you know what they would do? POWER. Religious processions, would use the darkness of the country. Therefore, the question of hiding traces was more important than even the execution itself.<…> This was the most important thing ... ”.
No matter how distorted the bodies are, M.K. Dieterichs, - Isaac Goloschekin perfectly understood that for a Russian Christian it is not the finding of a physical whole body that matters, but their most insignificant remains, as sacred relics of those bodies whose soul is immortal and cannot be destroyed by Isaac Goloschekin or another fanatic like him from the Jewish people ".
Truly: both demons believe and tremble!
... The Bolsheviks renamed the city of Yekaterinburg to Sverdlovsk - in honor of the main organizer of the murder of the Royal Family, and thus not only confirmed the correctness of the accusation against the judiciary, but also their responsibility for this greatest crime in the history of mankind, committed by the world forces of evil ...
The date of the savage murder itself is not accidental - July 17. On this day, the Russian Orthodox Church honors the memory of the holy blessed prince Andrei Bogolyubsky, who with his martyr's blood consecrated the autocracy of Russia. According to the testimony of the chroniclers, the Jewish conspirators "adopted" Orthodoxy and blessed by Himself, killed him in the most cruel way. Saint Prince Andrew was the first to proclaim the idea of \u200b\u200bOrthodoxy and Autocracy as the basis of the statehood of Holy Russia and was, in fact, the first Russian Tsar.
By God's providence, the Royal Martyrs were taken from earthly life all together. As a reward for boundless mutual love, which tightly bound Them into one inseparable whole.
The Emperor bravely ascended Golgotha \u200b\u200band with meek obedience to the Will of God accepted a martyr's death. He left a legacy of the unclouded Monarchical Principle as a precious Pledge received by Him from his Royal ancestors.
At about 1 am on July 17, 1918, in a fortified mansion in Yekaterinburg, the Romanovs: the abdicated Emperor Nicholas II, ex-Empress Alexandra, their five children and four remaining servants, including the faithful family doctor Yevgeny Botkin, were awakened by the Bolsheviks. They were told that they should get dressed and pack their things for a quick night out. White troops were approaching, which supported the king; the prisoners could already hear the rumble of the big guns. They gathered in the basement of the mansion, standing together as if posing for a family portrait. Alexandra, who was ill, asked for a chair, and Nikolai asked for another one for his only son, 13-year-old Alexei. But suddenly, 11 or 12 heavily armed men entered the room ominously.
What happened next - the murder of the family and their servants - was one of the worst events of the 20th century. The senseless massacre that shocked the world and to this day terrifies people. The 300-year-old imperial dynasty, marked by both periods of glorious achievement and overwhelming arrogance and ineptitude, was eliminated.
For much of the 20th century, the bodies of the victims lay in two unmarked graves, the locations of which were kept secret by the Soviet leaders. In 1979, amateur historians discovered the remains of Nikolai, Alexandra, and three daughters (Olga, Tatiana and Anastasia). In 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the graves were reopened, and the identities of those killed were confirmed by DNA tests. The ceremony of reburial of the tsar's remains in 1998 was attended by Russian President Boris Yeltsin and about 50 relatives of the Romanovs. The remains were reburied in a family crypt in St. Petersburg.
Burial ceremony for the remains of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. Getty Images Two more skeletons, which were believed to be the remaining children of the Romanovs - Alexei and Maria, were found in 2007 and similarly tested; most people assumed that they would be reburied there.
Instead, events took a strange turn. Despite the fact that both sets of remains were identified by teams of leading international scientists who compared the found DNA with samples of living relatives of the Romanovs, the Russian Orthodox Church questioned the reliability of the data obtained. They argued that more research is needed. Instead of reburying Alexei and Maria, the authorities kept them in a box in the state archives until 2015, and then handed them over to the church for further study.
The official state investigation into the murder of the royal family was resumed, Nikolai and Alexandra were exhumed, as were Nikolai's father, Alexander III.
The examinations carried out have fully proved that all the remains found are the remains of members of the Romanov family.
Background of the murder of the royal family
If Nicholas II died after the first 10 years of his reign (he came to power in 1894), he would be considered a moderately successful emperor. Ultimately, his well-meaning but weak personality, which also included duplicity, stubbornness and delusion, contributed to the calamities that befell the dynasty and Russia.
He was handsome and blue-eyed, but weak and hardly dignified. Both his appearance and impeccable manners hid an amazing arrogance, contempt for the educated political classes, vicious anti-Semitism and unshakable faith in his right to rule alone. He did not trust his ministers, and was completely unhappy with his own government.
His marriage to Princess Alexandra of Hesse only exacerbated these qualities. They loved each other, which was unusual at the time, but both Nicholas' father and Alexandra's grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, considered her too unstable to succeed as empress. She brought paranoia, mystical fanaticism, vengeful and steel will to the relationship. Also, through no fault of her own, she brought a “royal disease” (hemophilia) to the royal family and passed it on to her son, the heir to the royal empire, Tsarevich Alexei.
The personal shortcomings of Nikolai and Alexandra prompted them to seek support and advice from Grigory Rasputin, a holy man whose notorious sexual promiscuity, alcohol abuse, and corrupt and inept political machinations further isolated the couple from the government and people of Russia.
The crisis of the First World War placed the fragile regime under unbearable stress. In February 1917, Nicholas II lost control of the protests in St. Petersburg and was soon forced to abdicate.
In the spring of 1917, the ex-imperial family was allowed to live in relative comfort in their favorite residence - the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoe Selo, not far from Petrograd. Nicholas's cousin, King George V of England, offered him asylum, but then changed his mind and withdrew the offer. It was not the best moment for the House of Windsor, but it hardly mattered. The window of opportunity was short; demands for the former king to appear before the court increased.
Alexander Kerensky, the first minister of justice and then the prime minister of the Provisional Government, exiled the royal family to the governor's mansion in Tobolsk, in distant Siberia, to keep them safe. Their stay there was bearable but depressing. Boredom turned into a danger when Kerensky was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917.
Lenin said that “revolutions are meaningless without the execution of the squads,” and soon he, together with Yakov Sverdlov, considered the question of whether Nikolai should be brought to justice and executed or simply killed by the whole family.
The Bolsheviks faced desperate resistance from counterrevolutionary forces with the support of the Western powers. Lenin responded with unbridled terror. He decided to move the royal family from Tobolsk closer to Moscow. And in April 1918, the Romanovs went through a terrifying train journey.
The teenager Alexei was bleeding and had to be left. Three weeks later, he arrived in Yekaterinburg with three sisters. The girls were sexually harassed on the train. But in the end, the family was reunited in the grim, walled mansion of the merchant Ipatiev in the city center.
The mansion was ominously renamed a special purpose house and turned into a prison fortress with painted windows, ramparts and machine gun nests. The Romanovs received limited rations and were watched by young guardsmen.
But the family adapted. Nikolai read books aloud in the evening and tried to play sports. The eldest daughter, Olga, became depressed, but the playful and energetic younger girls, especially the beautiful Maria and the mischievous Anastasia, began to interact with the guards. Maria had an affair with one of them, and the guards discussed helping the girls escape. When this was revealed by Bolshevik boss Philip Goloschekin, the guards were replaced and the rules tightened.
All this worried Lenin even more.
How the royal family was killed
By the beginning of July 1918, it became clear that Yekaterinburg was going to fall under the onslaught of the White Guards. Goloshchekin rushed to Moscow to get Lenin's approval, and he was sure he got it, although Lenin was smart enough not to issue orders on paper. The assassination was planned under the leadership of the new commandant of the special purpose house, Yakov Yurovsky, who decided to hire a detachment to kill the royal family together in one session, and then burn the bodies and bury them in the forest nearby. Almost every detail of the plan was poorly thought out.
In the early July morning, frightened Romanovs and their faithful servants were standing in the basement when a well-armed group of assassins entered the room. Yurovsky read out the death sentence. Shooting began. Each executioner had to shoot a specific family member, but many of them secretly wanted to avoid shooting at the girls, so they all aimed at Nikolai and Alexandra, killing them almost instantly.
The shooting was wild; the killers even managed to injure each other when the room filled with dust, smoke and screams. When the first salvo was fired, most of the family was still alive, wounded and terrified. Their suffering was aggravated by the fact that they were practically dressed in body armor.
The Romanovs were famous for their collection of jewelry, and leaving Petrograd, they hid a large cache of jewelry in their luggage. Over the past months, they have sewn diamonds into specially made underwear in case they have to fund an escape. On the night of the execution, the children donned this secretly bejeweled underwear, which was reinforced with the hardest material in the world. Ironically, the bullets bounced off these garments. Realizing that the children of the Romanovs were still alive, the killers began stabbing them with bayonets and finishing off with shots to the head.
The nightmare lasted 20 agonizing minutes. When the bodies began to be carried away, it turned out that the two girls were still alive, splashing blood and coughing before being stabbed to death. This undoubtedly marked the beginning of the legend that Anastasia, the youngest daughter of the Romanovs, survived. History, moreover, inspired more than a hundred impostors to pass themselves off as the murdered Grand Duchess.
When the deed was done, the blood-drunk assassins argued over who was to move the bodies and where. They taunted the late royals and plundered their treasures. The bodies were eventually piled into a truck, which soon broke down. In the forest, they tried to burn the naked bodies of the Romanovs, then it turned out that the mines where they were going to dump the bodies were too small. In a panic, Yurovsky threw the bodies and hurried to Yekaterinburg for acid.
He spent three days and three nights driving sleeplessly back and forth into the forest, bringing sulfuric acid to destroy the bodies, which he eventually decided to bury in separate places to confuse anyone who could find them. He was determined to ensure that “no one should know what happened” to the Romanov family. He broke bones with rifle butts, doused them with sulfuric acid and burned them with gasoline. Finally, he buried what was left in two graves.
Yurovsky and his assassins later wrote detailed, boastful, and confusing stories. These reports had never been published before, but during the 1970s, renewed interest in the murder site led Yuri Andropov, the chairman of the KGB (and future leader of the USSR), to recommend demolishing the special-purpose house.
New research
In 2015, the Patriarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, together with the Investigative Committee created by Putin, ordered a re-examination of all remains. Nicholas II and his family were imperceptibly exhumed and their DNA was compared with the DNA of living relatives, including the DNA of the English Prince Philip, one of whose grandmothers was Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna Romanova, the granddaughter of Emperor Nicholas I.
The tsar's DNA was also compared to that of his father, Alexander III, and the grandfather of Alexander II. (For the latter, scientists were able to use the blood left over from the tunic worn by the king when he was killed.)
It was also planned to compare Alexandra's DNA with DNA samples from the surviving body of her sister Ella, who was also killed by the Bolsheviks, and whose body is now in a glass capsule in the Russian Church in Jerusalem.
To date, all the bodies of the Romanovs have been identified.
Simon Sebag Montefiore is a historian whose last book “ Romanovs, 1613-1918 ″ was published last year writes:
I recently finished the history of the Romanov dynasty, and I am often asked if I have censored any of the gruesome and sexually explicit material that I have found in the archives of the family that has ruled for three centuries. The answer is yes, but only once. When I was finishing the book, I left behind more gruesome and brutal details of the murder of the family in 1918. Whatever the fate of the bodies, whatever the future may be in Russia, however, if we talk about the brutal drama of the reign of the Romanovs, it remains the most heartbreaking and unbearable scene of all.
In contact with
It would seem difficult to find new evidence of the terrible events that took place on the night of July 16-17, 1918. Even people far from the ideas of monarchism remember that this night was fatal for the royal family of the Romanovs. That night, abdicated Nicholas II, former Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and their children - 14-year-old Alexei, Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia - were shot.
Their fate was shared by the doctor E.S. Botkin, the maid A. Demidova, the cook Kharitonov and the footman. But from time to time there are witnesses who, after long years of silence, report new details of the murder of the royal family.
Many books have been written about the execution of the royal family of the Romanovs. To this day, discussions continue about whether the murder of the Romanovs was planned in advance and whether it was part of Lenin's plans. And in our time there are people who believe that at least the children of Nicholas II were able to escape from the basement of the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg.
The accusation of murder of the Romanov royal family was an excellent trump card against the Bolsheviks, giving grounds to accuse them of inhumanity. Is this why most of the documents and testimonies that tell about the last days of the Romanovs appeared and continues to appear precisely in Western countries? But some researchers believe that the crime of which the Bolshevik Russia was accused was not committed at all ...
In the investigation into the circumstances of the execution of the Romanovs, there were many secrets from the very beginning. In relatively hot pursuit, two investigators were engaged in it. The first investigation began a week after the alleged murder. The investigator concluded that the emperor was in fact executed on the night of July 16-17, but the former queen, her son and four daughters were spared. At the beginning of 1919, a new investigation was carried out. It was headed by Nikolai Sokolov. Was he able to find undeniable evidence that the entire Romanov family was killed in Yekaterinburg? Hard to say…
When inspecting the mine where the bodies of the royal family were dumped, he found several things that for some reason did not catch the eye of his predecessor: a miniature pin that the prince used as a fishhook, precious stones that were sewn into the belts of the great princesses, and the skeleton of a tiny dog, probably the darling of Princess Tatiana. If we recall the circumstances of the death of the royal family, it is difficult to imagine that the dog's corpse was also transported from place to place in order to hide ... Falcons did not find any human remains, except for several fragments of bones and a severed finger of a middle-aged woman, presumably the empress.
1919 - Sokolov fled abroad, to Europe. But the results of his investigation were published only in 1924. Quite a long time, especially given the many emigrants who were interested in the fate of the Romanovs. According to Sokolov, all the Romanovs were killed on the fatal night. True, he was not the first to suggest that the empress and the children could not escape. Back in 1921, this version was published by the chairman of the Yekaterinburg Council, Pavel Bykov. It would seem that one could forget about the hopes that any of the Romanovs survived. But both in Europe and in Russia numerous impostors and impostors constantly appeared who declared themselves the children of the emperor. So there were doubts all the same?
The first argument of the supporters of the revision of the version of the death of the entire Romanov family was the announcement of the Bolsheviks about the execution of Nicholas II, which was made on July 19. It said that only the Tsar was executed, and Alexandra Feodorovna and her children were sent to a safe place. The second is that it was more profitable for the Bolsheviks at that time to exchange Alexandra Fyodorovna for political prisoners held in German captivity. There were rumors about negotiations on this topic. Sir Charles Eliot, the British consul in Siberia, visited Yekaterinburg shortly after the emperor's death. He met with the first investigator in the Romanov case, after which he informed his superiors that, in his opinion, the former queen and her children had left Yekaterinburg by train on July 17.
At almost the same time, Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse, Alexandra's brother, allegedly informed his second sister, the Marquis of Milford Haven, that Alexandra was safe. Of course, he could simply console his sister, to whom rumors of the massacre of the Romanovs could not help but reach. If Alexandra and her children were actually exchanged for political prisoners (Germany would willingly take this step to save her princess), all the newspapers of both the Old and New World would trumpet about this. This would mean that the dynasty, connected by blood ties with many of the oldest monarchies in Europe, did not end. But no articles followed, because the version that the entire royal family was killed was recognized as official.
In the early 1970s, British journalists Anthony Summers and Tom Menschld got acquainted with the official documents of the Sokolov investigation. And we found many inaccuracies and shortcomings in them, which cast doubt on this version. First, an encrypted telegram about the execution of the entire royal family, sent to Moscow on July 17, appeared in the case only in January 1919, after the first investigator was removed. Secondly, the bodies have not yet been found. And to judge the death of the empress by the only fragment of the body - a severed finger - was not entirely correct.
1988 - it would seem that irrefutable proof of the death of the emperor, his wife and children appeared. Former Interior Ministry investigator, screenwriter Geliy Ryabov, received a secret report from Yakov Yurovsky's son (one of the main participants in the execution). It contained detailed information about where the remains of members of the royal family were hidden. Ryabov began his search. He was able to find greenish-black bones with burn marks left by acid. 1988 - he published a report on his find. 1991, July - Russian archaeologists-professionals came to the place where the remains, presumably belonging to the Romanovs, were found.
9 skeletons were recovered from the ground. 4 of them belonged to Nikolai's servants and their family doctor. Another 5 - to the king, his wife and children. It was not easy to establish the identity of the remains. First, the skulls were compared to surviving photographs of members of the imperial family. One of them was identified as the skull of the emperor. Later, a comparative analysis of DNA prints was carried out. This required the blood of a person who was related to the deceased. The blood sample was provided by the British Prince Philip. His own maternal grandmother was the sister of the empress's grandmother.
The result of the analysis showed a complete coincidence of DNA in four skeletons, which gave grounds to officially recognize the remains of Alexandra and her three daughters in them. The bodies of the Tsarevich and Anastasia were not found. On this occasion, two hypotheses were put forward: either two descendants of the Romanov family still managed to stay alive, or their bodies were burned. It seems that Sokolov was still right, and his report turned out to be not a provocation, but a real coverage of the facts ...
1998 - the remains of the Romanov family were transferred with honors to St. Petersburg and buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. True, immediately there were skeptics who were sure that the remains of completely different people were in the cathedral.
2006 - performed another DNA analysis. This time, they compared the samples of skeletons found in the Urals with fragments of the relics of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. A series of studies was carried out by L. Zhivotovsky, Doctor of Science, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. His American colleagues helped him. The results of this analysis came as a complete surprise: the DNA of Elizabeth and the alleged empress did not match. The first thought that came to the minds of the researchers was that the relics stored in the cathedral, in fact, did not belong to Elizabeth, but to someone else. However, this version had to be ruled out: Elizabeth's body was discovered in a mine near Alapaevsk in the fall of 1918, she was identified by people who were closely acquainted with her, including the confessor of the Grand Duchess Father Seraphim.
This priest subsequently accompanied the coffin with the body of his spiritual daughter to Jerusalem and would not have allowed any substitution. This meant that, as a last resort, one body no longer belonged to members of the Romanov family. Later, doubts arose about the identity of the remaining remains. On the skull, which was previously identified as the skull of the emperor, there was no callus, which could not disappear even after so many years after death. This mark appeared on the skull of Nicholas II after an attempt on his life in Japan. In the Yurovsky protocol it was said that the tsar was killed with a point-blank shot, while the executioner shot in the head. Even taking into account the imperfection of the weapon, at least one bullet hole must have remained in the skull. However, it has no inlets or outlets.
It is possible that the 1993 reports were fake. Need to find the remains of the royal family? Please, here they are. To carry out an examination to prove their authenticity? Here is the result of the examination! In the 1990s, there were all the conditions for myth-making. It is not for nothing that the Russian Orthodox Church was so cautious, not wanting to recognize the discovered bones and rank the emperor and his family among the martyrs ...
Again, talk began that the Romanovs were not killed, but hidden in order to be used in some political game in the future. Could Nikolai live in the Soviet Union under an assumed name with his family? On the one hand, this option cannot be ruled out. The country is huge, there are many corners in it in which no one would recognize Nikolai. The Romanov family could also be accommodated in some kind of shelter, where they would be completely isolated from contacts with the outside world, which means they are not dangerous.
On the other hand, even if the remains found near Yekaterinburg are the result of falsification, this does not mean at all that there was no execution. They have been able to destroy the bodies of dead enemies and scatter their ashes since time immemorial. To burn a human body, you need 300-400 kg of wood - in India every day thousands of the dead are buried by the method of burning. So would the killers, who had an unlimited supply of firewood and a fair amount of acid, not be able to hide all traces? Relatively not so long ago, in the fall of 2010, during work in the vicinity of the Old Koptyakovskaya road in the Sverdlovsk region. found the places where the killers hid acid jugs. If there was no execution, where did they come from in the Ural wilderness?
Attempts to restore the events that preceded the execution were carried out several times. As you know, after the abdication, the royal family was settled in the Alexander Palace, in August they were transported to Tobolsk, and later to Yekaterinburg, to the infamous Ipatiev House.
Aviation engineer Pyotr Duz in the fall of 1941 was sent to Sverdlovsk. One of his duties in the rear was the publication of textbooks and manuals to supply the country's military universities. Getting acquainted with the property of the publishing house, Duz ended up in the Ipatiev House, in which several nuns and two elderly women archivists then lived. While examining the premises, Douz, accompanied by one of the women, went down to the basement and noticed the strange grooves on the ceiling, which ended in deep recesses ...
At work, Peter often visited the Ipatius House. As you can see, the elderly employees felt trust in him, because one evening they showed him a small closet, in which a white glove, a lady's fan, a ring, several buttons of different sizes were hanging right on the wall, on rusty nails ... On the chair was a small Bible in French and a couple of old-bound books. According to one of the women, all these things once belonged to members of the royal family.
She also talked about the last days of the life of the Romanovs, which, in her words, were unbearable. The Chekists who guarded the prisoners behaved incredibly rudely. All the windows in the house were boarded up. The Chekists explained that these measures were taken for security reasons, but the interlocutor Duzya was convinced that this was one of thousands of ways to humiliate the "ex." It should be noted that the Chekists had reasons for concern. According to the recollections of the archivist, every morning (!) The Ipatiev House was besieged by local residents and monks who tried to convey notes to the tsar and his relatives, offered to help with chores around the house.
Of course, this does not justify the behavior of the Chekists, but any intelligence officer charged with protecting an important person is simply obliged to limit his contacts with the outside world. But the behavior of the guards was not limited only to “excluding” sympathizers from the members of the Romanov family. Many of their antics were downright outrageous. They took particular pleasure in shocking Nikolai's daughters. They wrote obscene words on the fence and the outhouse located in the courtyard, tried to watch the girls in the dark corridors. No one has yet mentioned such details. Therefore, Duz listened attentively to the story of the interlocutor. She also reported a lot about the last minutes of the life of the imperial family.
The Romanovs were ordered to go down to the basement. The emperor asked for a chair for his wife. Then one of the guards left the room, and Yurovsky took out a revolver and began to line everyone up in one line. Most versions say that the executioners fired volleys. But the inhabitants of the Ipatiev house recalled that the shots were chaotic.
Nicholas was killed immediately. But his wife and princesses were destined for a more difficult death. The fact is that diamonds were sewn into their corsets. In some places, they were arranged in several layers. Bullets ricocheted off this layer and went into the ceiling. The execution dragged on. When the Grand Duchesses were already lying on the floor, they were considered dead. But when one of them began to be lifted in order to load the body into the car, the princess groaned and stirred. Therefore, the Chekists began to finish off her and her sisters with bayonets.
After the execution, no one was allowed into the Ipatiev House for several days - apparently, attempts to destroy the bodies took a lot of time. A week later, the Chekists allowed several nuns to enter the house - it was necessary to restore order in the premises. Among them was the interlocutor Dusya. According to him, she recalled with horror the picture that had opened in the basement of the Ipatiev house. There were many bullet holes on the walls, and the floor and walls in the room where the shooting was carried out were covered in blood.
Subsequently, experts from the Main State Center for Forensic Medical and Forensic Examinations of the Russian Ministry of Defense reconstructed the picture of the shooting with an accuracy of the minute and to the millimeter. With the help of a computer, based on the testimony of Grigory Nikulin and Anatoly Yakimov, they established where and at what moment the executioners and their victims were. Computer reconstruction showed that the Empress and the Grand Duchesses tried to protect Nicholas from bullets.
Ballistic examination established many details: from which weapon members of the imperial family were eliminated, how many shots were fired approximately. The security officers needed to pull the trigger at least 30 times ...
Every year the chances of discovering the real remains of the royal Romanov family (if the Yekaterinburg skeletons are recognized as a fake) are fading. This means that the hope of ever finding an exact answer to the questions is melting: who died in the basement of the Ipatiev house, did any of the Romanovs manage to escape and what was the further fate of the heirs to the Russian throne ...
According to the official history, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, Nikolai Romanov, along with his wife and children, was shot. After the burial was opened and the remains were identified in 1998, they were reburied in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. However, then the Russian Orthodox Church did not confirm their authenticity.
“I cannot rule out that the church will recognize the royal remains as genuine if convincing evidence of their authenticity is found and if the examination is open and honest,” said Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, head of the Moscow Patriarchate's Department for External Church Relations in July this year.
As you know, the ROC did not participate in the burial in 1998 of the remains of the royal family, explaining that the church was not sure whether the original remains of the royal family were buried. The ROC refers to a book by Kolchak's investigator Nikolai Sokolov, who concluded that all the bodies were burned.
Some of the remains collected by Sokolov at the burning site are stored in Brussels, in the church of St. Job the Long-suffering, and they have not been examined. At one time, a version of the note by Yurovsky, who supervised the execution and burial, was found - it became the main document before the transfer of the remains (along with the book of investigator Sokolov). And now, in the coming year of the 100th anniversary of the execution of the Romanov family, the ROC has been instructed to give a final answer to all the dark places of the execution near Yekaterinburg. To obtain a final answer, research has been carried out under the auspices of the ROC for several years. Again historians, geneticists, graphologists, pathologists and other specialists double-check the facts, once again powerful scientific forces and the forces of the prosecutor's office are involved, and all these actions again take place under a thick veil of secrecy.
Research on genetic identification is carried out by four independent groups of scientists. Two of them are foreign, working directly with the Russian Orthodox Church. At the beginning of July 2017, the secretary of the church commission for the study of the results of the study of the remains found near Yekaterinburg, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsk, reported that a large number of new circumstances and new documents had been revealed. For example, an order from Sverdlov to shoot Nicholas II was found. In addition, according to the results of recent studies, criminologists have confirmed that the remains of the tsar and tsarina belong to them, since a trace was suddenly found on the skull of Nicholas II, which is interpreted as a trace from a saber strike he received when he visited Japan. As for the queen, she was identified by dentists by the world's first porcelain veneers on platinum pins.
Although, if you open the conclusion of the commission, written before the burial of 1998, it says: the bones of the sovereign's skull are so destroyed that the characteristic callus cannot be found. In the same report, severe damage to the teeth of the alleged remains of Nikolai from periodontal disease was noted, since this person had never been to the dentist. This confirms that it was not the tsar who was shot, since the records of the Tobolsk dentist, to whom Nikolai turned, remained. In addition, I have not yet found an explanation for the fact that the growth of the skeleton of "Princess Anastasia" is 13 centimeters larger than her lifetime growth. Well, as you know, miracles happen in the church ... Shevkunov did not say a word about the genetic examination, and this despite the fact that genetic studies in 2003, conducted by Russian and American specialists, showed that the genome of the body of the alleged empress and her sister Elizaveta Fedorovna did not coincide which means no relationship
In addition, the museum of the city of Otsu (Japan) contains things left after being wounded by the policeman Nicholas II. They contain biological material that can be examined. According to them, Japanese geneticists from the Tatsuo Nagai group proved that the DNA of the remains of "Nicholas II" from near Yekaterinburg (and his family) does not coincide by 100% with the DNA of biomaterials from Japan. During the Russian DNA examination, second cousins \u200b\u200bwere compared, and in the conclusion it was written that "there are coincidences." The Japanese compared the relatives of their cousins. There are also the results of a genetic examination of the President of the International Association of Forensic Physicians, Mr. Bonte from Dusseldorf, in which he proved that the found remains and twins of the family of Nicholas II Filatov are relatives. Perhaps, from their remains in 1946, the "remains of the royal family" were created? The problem has not been studied.
Earlier, in 1998, the Russian Orthodox Church, on the basis of these conclusions and facts, did not recognize the existing remains as genuine, but what will happen now? In December, all the conclusions of the Investigative Committee and the ROC commission will be considered by the Bishops' Council. It is he who will decide on the attitude of the church to the Yekaterinburg remains. Let's see why everything is so nervous and what is the history of this crime?
It's worth fighting for that kind of money
Today, some of the Russian elites suddenly woke up interest in a very juicy story of relations between Russia and the United States, connected with the royal family of the Romanovs. In short, the story goes like this: more than 100 years ago, in 1913, the United States created the Federal Reserve System (FRS) - the central bank and printing press for the production of international currency, which still works today. The FRS was created for the created League of Nations (now the UN) and would be a single world financial center with its own currency. Russia contributed 48,600 tons of gold to the "authorized capital" of the system. But the Rothschilds demanded that Woodrow Wilson, who was then re-elected to the presidency of the United States, transfer the center to their private property along with gold. The organization became known as the FRS, where Russia owned 88.8%, and 11.2% - 43 international beneficiaries. Six copies of receipts stating that 88.8% of gold assets for a period of 99 years are under the control of the Rothschilds were transferred to the family of Nicholas II.
The annual income on these deposits was fixed at 4%, which was to be transferred to Russia annually, but settled on the X-1786 account of the World Bank and on 300 thousand - accounts in 72 international banks. All these documents, confirming the right to the gold pledged by the Federal Reserve from Russia in the amount of 48,600 tons, as well as the proceeds from leasing it, the mother of Tsar Nicholas II, Maria Fedorovna Romanova, deposited in one of the Swiss banks. But only the heirs have access conditions there, and this access is controlled by the Rothschild clan. Gold certificates were issued for the gold provided by Russia, which made it possible to reclaim the metal in parts - the tsar's family hid them in different places. Later, in 1944, the Bretton Woods Conference confirmed Russia's right to 88% of the Fed's assets.
Two well-known Russian oligarchs, Roman Abramovich and Boris Berezovsky, suggested tackling this "golden" issue at one time. But Yeltsin "did not understand" them, and now, apparently, that "golden" time has come ... And now this gold is remembered more and more often - though not at the state level.
Some suggest that the escaped Tsarevich Alexei later grew up to become Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin.
For this gold they kill, fight and make fortunes on it
Today's researchers believe that all wars and revolutions in Russia and in the world occurred due to the fact that the Rothschild clan and the United States did not intend to return the gold to the Federal Reserve System of Russia. After all, the execution of the royal family made it possible for the Rothschild clan not to give gold and not pay for its 99-year rent. “Now out of three Russian copies of the agreement on the gold invested in the FRS, two are in our country, the third is presumably in one of the Swiss banks,” said researcher Sergei Zhilenkov. - In a cache, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, there are documents from the tsar's archives, among which there are 12 “gold” certificates. If you present them, then the world financial hegemony of the United States and the Rothschilds will simply collapse, and our country will receive huge money and all the opportunities for development, since it will no longer be strangled from overseas, ”the historian is sure.
Many wanted to close the questions about the royal assets with the reburial. Professor Vladlen Sirotkin also has an estimate for the so-called military gold exported during the First World War and the Civil War to the West and the East: Japan - $ 80 billion, Great Britain - 50 billion, France - 25 billion, USA - 23 billion, Sweden - 5 billion, Czech Republic - $ 1 billion. Total - 184 billion. Surprisingly, officials in the US and UK, for example, do not dispute these numbers, but are surprised at the lack of requests from Russia. By the way, the Bolsheviks remembered about Russian assets in the West in the early 1920s. Back in 1923, the People's Commissar for Foreign Trade, Leonid Krasin, ordered a British search law firm to assess Russian real estate and cash deposits abroad. By 1993, the firm reported that it had already accumulated a $ 400 billion databank! And this is legitimate Russian money.
Why did the Romanovs die? Britain did not accept them!
There is a long-term study, unfortunately, by the already deceased professor Vladlen Sirotkin (MGIMO) "Foreign gold of Russia" (Moscow, 2000), where the gold and other holdings of the Romanov family accumulated in the accounts of Western banks are also estimated at no less than 400 billion dollars, and together with investments - more than 2 trillion dollars! In the absence of heirs from the Romanovs, the closest relatives are members of the English royal family ... These are whose interests may be the background of many events of the XIX-XXI centuries ...
By the way, it is not clear (or, on the contrary, it is clear) why the royal house of England three times refused the Romanov family asylum. The first time in 1916, at the apartment of Maxim Gorky, an escape was planned - the rescue of the Romanovs by kidnapping and internment of the royal couple during their visit to an English warship, which was then sent to Great Britain. The second was Kerensky's request, which was also rejected. Then the Bolsheviks' request was not accepted either. And this despite the fact that the mothers of George V and Nicholas II were sisters. In the surviving correspondence, Nicholas II and George V call each other "cousin Niki" and "cousin Georgie" - they were cousins \u200b\u200bwith an age difference of less than three years, and in their youth these guys spent a lot of time together and were very similar in appearance. As for the queen, her mother, Princess Alice, was the eldest and beloved daughter of the English Queen Victoria. At that time, in England, as collateral for war loans, there were 440 tons of gold from the gold reserves of Russia and 5.5 tons of personal gold of Nicholas II. Now think about it: if the royal family died, then who would get the gold? The closest relatives! Isn't this the reason cousin Georgie's family refused to admit cousin Nicky? To get gold, its owners had to die. Officially. And now all this needs to be connected with the burial of the royal family, which will officially testify that the owners of untold wealth are dead.
Versions of life after death
All versions of the death of the royal family that exist today can be divided into three. The first version: near Yekaterinburg the royal family was shot, and its remains, with the exception of Alexei and Maria, were reburied in St. Petersburg. The remains of these children were found in 2007, all examinations were carried out on them, and they, apparently, will be buried on the day of the 100th anniversary of the tragedy. When confirming this version, for accuracy, it is necessary to once again identify all the remains and repeat all examinations, especially genetic and pathological ones. The second version: the royal family was not shot, but was scattered across Russia and all family members died a natural death, having lived their lives in Russia or abroad, in Yekaterinburg, a family of twins was shot (members of the same family or people from different families, but similar on members of the emperor's family). Nicholas II had doubles after Bloody Sunday 1905. When leaving the palace, three carriages were leaving. In which of them Nicholas II was sitting is unknown. These doubles, the Bolsheviks, having seized the archive of the 3rd department in 1917, had. There is an assumption that one of the families of doubles - the Filatovs, who are distantly related to the Romanovs - followed them to Tobolsk. The third version: the special services added false remains to the graves of members of the royal family as they died naturally or before the opening of the grave. For this, it is necessary to very carefully track, among other things, the age of the biomaterial.
Here is one of the versions of the historian of the royal family, Sergei Zhelenkov, which seems to us the most logical, albeit very unusual.
Before investigator Sokolov, the only investigator who published a book about the execution of the royal family, there were investigators Malinovsky, Nametkin (his archive was burned along with his house), Sergeev (removed from the case and killed), Lieutenant General Dieterichs, Kirsta. All these investigators concluded that the royal family had not been killed. Neither red nor white wanted to disclose this information - they understood that American bankers were primarily interested in obtaining objective information. The Bolsheviks were interested in the tsar's money, and Kolchak declared himself the supreme ruler of Russia, which could not be with a living sovereign.
Investigator Sokolov handled two cases - one on the fact of murder and the other on the fact of disappearance. In parallel, the military intelligence in the person of Kirst was conducting an investigation. When the whites left Russia, Sokolov, fearing for the materials he had collected, sent them to Harbin - some of his materials were lost on the way. Sokolov's materials contained evidence of the financing of the Russian revolution by American bankers Schiff, Kuhn and Loeb, and Ford, who was in conflict with these bankers, became interested in these materials. He even summoned Sokolov from France, where he settled, to the United States. Nikolai Sokolov was killed on his return from the USA to France.
Sokolov's book was published after his death, and many people “worked hard” on it, removing many scandalous facts from there, so it cannot be considered completely truthful. The surviving members of the royal family were watched by people from the KGB, where a special department was created for this, which was disbanded during perestroika. The archive of this department has been preserved. Stalin saved the royal family - the royal family was evacuated from Yekaterinburg through Perm to Moscow and came to the disposal of Trotsky, then the people's commissar of defense. To further save the royal family, Stalin carried out a whole operation, stealing it from Trotsky's people and taking them to Sukhumi, to a specially built house next to the former house of the royal family. From there, all family members were distributed to different places, Maria and Anastasia were taken to the Glinskaya desert (Sumy region), then Maria was transported to the Nizhny Novgorod region, where she died of illness on May 24, 1954. Anastasia later married Stalin's personal bodyguard and lived in a very secluded small farm, died on June 27, 1980 in the Volgograd region.
The eldest daughters, Olga and Tatiana, were sent to the Serafimo-Diveevsky convent - the empress was settled not far from the girls. But here they did not live long. Olga, having traveled through Afghanistan, Europe and Finland, settled in Vyritsa, Leningrad Region, where she died on January 19, 1976. Tatyana lived partly in Georgia, partly on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, was buried in the Krasnodar Territory, died on September 21, 1992. Alexei and his mother lived at their dacha, then Alexei was transported to Leningrad, where he was "given" a biography, and the whole world recognized him as the party and Soviet leader Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (Stalin sometimes called him tsarevich in front of everyone). Nicholas II lived and died in Nizhny Novgorod (December 22, 1958), and the queen died in the village of Starobelsk Lugansk region on April 2, 1948 and was subsequently reburied in Nizhny Novgorod, where she and the emperor share a common grave. Three daughters of Nicholas II, besides Olga, had children. N. A. Romanov communicated with I.V. Stalin, and the wealth of the Russian Empire was used to strengthen the power of the USSR ...
Yakov Tudorovsky
Yakov Tudorovsky
The Romanovs were not shot
According to the official history, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, Nikolai Romanov, along with his wife and children, was shot. After the burial was opened and the remains were identified in 1998, they were reburied in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. However, then the Russian Orthodox Church did not confirm their authenticity. “I cannot rule out that the church will recognize the royal remains as genuine if convincing evidence of their authenticity is found and if the examination is open and honest,” said Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, head of the Moscow Patriarchate's Department for External Church Relations in July this year. As you know, the ROC did not participate in the burial in 1998 of the remains of the royal family, explaining that the church was not sure whether the original remains of the royal family were buried. The ROC refers to a book by Kolchak's investigator Nikolai Sokolov, who concluded that all the bodies were burned. Some of the remains collected by Sokolov at the burning site are stored in Brussels, in the church of St. Job the Long-suffering, and they have not been examined. At one time, a version of the note by Yurovsky, who supervised the execution and burial, was found - it became the main document before the transfer of the remains (along with the book of investigator Sokolov). And now, in the coming year of the 100th anniversary of the execution of the Romanov family, the ROC has been instructed to give a final answer to all the dark places of the execution near Yekaterinburg. To obtain a final answer, research has been carried out under the auspices of the ROC for several years. Again historians, geneticists, graphologists, pathologists and other specialists double-check the facts, once again powerful scientific forces and the forces of the prosecutor's office are involved, and all these actions again take place under a thick veil of secrecy. Research on genetic identification is carried out by four independent groups of scientists. Two of them are foreign, working directly with the Russian Orthodox Church. At the beginning of July 2017, the secretary of the church commission for the study of the results of the study of the remains found near Yekaterinburg, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsk, reported that a large number of new circumstances and new documents had been revealed. For example, an order from Sverdlov to shoot Nicholas II was found. In addition, according to the results of recent studies, criminologists have confirmed that the remains of the tsar and tsarina belong to them, since a trace was suddenly found on the skull of Nicholas II, which is interpreted as a trace from a saber strike he received when he visited Japan. As for the queen, she was identified by dentists by the world's first porcelain veneers on platinum pins. Although, if you open the conclusion of the commission, written before the burial of 1998, it says: the bones of the sovereign's skull are so destroyed that the characteristic callus cannot be found. In the same report, severe damage to the teeth of the alleged remains of Nikolai from periodontal disease was noted, since this person had never been to the dentist. This confirms that it was not the tsar who was shot, since the records of the Tobolsk dentist, to whom Nikolai contacted, remained. In addition, I have not yet found an explanation for the fact that the growth of the skeleton of "Princess Anastasia" is 13 centimeters larger than her lifetime growth. Well, as you know, miracles happen in the church ... Shevkunov did not say a word about the genetic examination, and this despite the fact that genetic studies in 2003, conducted by Russian and American specialists, showed that the genome of the body of the alleged empress and her sister Elizaveta Fedorovna did not coincide , which means no relationship.
