Tightened construction
Capitol is the highest building in the business part of Washington (107 m). It is built in a classic Greek style with a large dome in the center and two wings. The South Wing is held by the Chamber of Representatives of the United States, and the North Senate. Building went very slowly, and in 1814, during the Anglo-American War, the British troops set fire to the British troops. Fortunately, the rain prevented the rain to completely destroy this majestic building, and the next year the construction resumed. Only in 1826 the Capitol was commissioned. Soon the building of the Congress was needed to expand, since the number of senators and politicians grew everything. The wings of the building were expanded and strengthened by marble, which were replaced by the original material - sandstone. The dome was demolished and in his place installed a new, cast iron, and the statue of freedom appeared on top. Until 1993, the Capitol was repeatedly rebuilt and modernized: heating was heating and made elevators. In the building of 540 rooms. Capitol has its subway and an underground tunnel connecting the main building of the Congress with office centers.
The Statue of Liberty
Without binoculars, a 6-meter bronze statue of freedom, which crowns the Capitol dome, is quite difficult to consider. Sculpture set on December 2, 1863. Her right hand lies on a sword's handle, the left holds a laurel wreath of victory and the US shield with thirteen stripes. The statue helmet is decorated with stars and eagle heads, a cloak with a fringe, which, of course, refers to the traditions of American Indians.
About the "headdress" statue walks a curious joke. First, the freedom was planned to put on a hat, similar to the one that wearing liberated slaves in ancient Greece. However, the Minister of Defense Jefferson Davis, who at that time was the president of the Confederation, opposed the idea. In his opinion, such a hat does not suit the symbol of freebious citizens. Therefore, the statue was as we see it today, - with a helmet with eagle feathers.
Architects Capitolia.
The first architect of the Congress building could be Pierre Charles Lanfan, but he stubbornly refused to present the Capitol architectural plan, stating that he was in his head. The resignation did not make himself wait long. In 1792 announced a national competition for the best project. The winner was promised 500 dollars and a land plot in the city. However, out of 16 received works were not one suitable. Therefore, the competition continued. As a result, the architect William Thornton defeated the competition in the competition. He presented a building similar to Pantheon with a dome, to which two symmetric wings were attracted - the Senate and the House of Representatives. According to George Washington, the project combined simplicity and majestity. But by 1803, Thornton resigned, having time to build only the North Capitol wing building. The government hired a British architect Benjamin Henry Latroba. The brilliant work of the master almost destroyed the fire in 1814. The architect took up the restoration of buildings. And then he had a dispute with the authorities about whether the ceilings of the Senate and the House of Representatives are domed. Boston architect Charles Bulfinch joined the case. Until 1830, he completed the construction of a wooden domes covered with copper sheets and an eastern gallery. In the 1870s, a well-known specialist in the garden-park architecture Frederick Low Olmster was attached from the East, the North and South of the Terrace Capitol. In 1958 - 1962 The east side of the building has a 10-meter extension.
Museum in the Capitol
The US Congress building is not only the place of work of the Senate and the House of Representatives, but also a museum where the impressive number of paintings, statues, frescoes, historical documents, rare photos and other interesting things are stored. Get into the capitol is much easier than in the White House. You need to book a tour through the site of the center of visits, and on the designated day to come to the building of the Congress Light, without large bags, food and drinks. It is necessary to have a passport with you.
Ghost Capitolia
The Capitol Building is attributed to many different legends and horror stories. Allegedly in his halls "walk" the ghosts of the dead presidents of the United States. But the most famous ghost in the complex of government buildings was the spirit of the Black Cat, whom they see in the White House, on the National Alley, as well as in the Capitol basement. The demonic cat, according to legends, is first shown in front of a man's little harmless kitten, but if you get closer to him, it grows into a huge monster of the size of the tiger. It appears, as a rule, before any disaster of a national scale or when the president changes.
Where did the ghost come from? According to beliefs, in 1800, rats were divorced in the capitol. To solve the problem, dozens of cats launched there. When they performed their work, they were returned back, but one animal remained.
George Washington - American State Avestigator, First President of the United States of America (1789-1797)
February 22, 1732. Born in Virginia, Vestmorend County in the landowner family. Got a home education, fond of reading books. At 11 years I lost my father. He worked as a surveyor, participated in the expeditions of Lord Farfax. In 1752 he inherited Mount Vernon's estate, in the same year he entered the militia, took part in hostilities against the French and Indians, visited captivity. In 1758, he retired in the rank of Colonel.
In 1759, Washington married Marte Dendridge Castis and actively engaged in arranging his estate, became one of Virginia's richest plantators.
In 1758-1774, Washington was elected to Virginia's Legislative Assembly, where he fought with the metropolis for the rights of colonies, condemning, nevertheless, violent action. It was one of the delegates of the first continental congress. After armed clashes with the UK, he refused to attempts to reconcile, died in a military form and was unanimously elected commander-in-chief of the continental army. Reorganizing the troops, he led them to actions from the siege of Boston in 1776 to the surrender of the English troops at Yorktown in 1781. In November 1783, after the conclusion of the Parisian civil contract, Mount Vernon was led to the estate.
Unattended articles of the Confederation, Washington was elected chairman of the constitutional convention that developed in 1787 the Constitution of the United States. IN 1789 George Washington was unanimously elected first US president. In 1792, it was re-elected for a second term. Being a head of state, contributed to the strengthening of the Union, the implementation of the principles of the Constitution and the construction of the capital of the United States. He was engaged in the formation of the central authorities and the management system, created the precedents of the Presidential Institute, encouraged the development of the economy. Supported friendly relationships with Congress. In 1794, an uprising against state power was suppressed in the history of the United States. In foreign policy avoided interference with European states. Refused to run for the presidential post for the third time. Before leaving, he turned to nation with a farewell message.
First american president George Washingtonwhose name carries the capital of the United States, Street, Lake, Canyon, Staff, Mountain, Island, is the carrier of the title "Fatherland father". Thanks to him, North America gained independence from the Metropolis of Great Britain.
short biography
George Washington was born February 22, 1732 In colony Virginia in North America. His father - Augustine Washington, Amermer and the owner of the tobacco plantation. His mother - Maria Bol Washington, housewife raising five children.
George was 2nd seniority among his brothers and sisters. His family has already lived in a colony in North America.
Education
As such, the small George did not receive: all that he knew at that moment was achieved mainly thanks to self-education.
At the age of 11, George lost his father and was forced to their independently rising in life. At the age of 15, when his consolidated brother Lawrence married daughters owner neighboring lands lord FarfaxGeorge suddenly acquired a mentor represented by the latter.
It was Farfax that advised young Washington to master the profession of Arsember, and also personally practiced with the young history and other sciences.
From Major to Colonel
In 1752. George Washington, after the death of Lawrence, became owner manor "Mount Vernon", as well as the rank of Major's local militia organization against the English government. All this hesitated a consolidated brother after his death.
By that time, Washington was already virtuously riding and very much shot. In 1755, after several successfully completed tasks as a military commander, George Washington is captured. After that, there was a re-attack on Fort Dukeen and this time, hiking was crowned with success.
Washington after a successful campaign received the title of Colonel And continued to fight in the territory of the continent against the French and the local population (Indians). In 1758. He resigns and returns to Virginia.
Marriage
Upon returning to the Motherland, George Washington married widow March Dendridge Castiswho had two children from the first marriage. The spouse took the surname of her husband after marriage.
Washington got rich pitted: 17 thousand acres of land, about 300 slaves, mansion in Williamsburg and 23 thousand pounds of sterling, which lay in several English banks.
Despite the seeming calcality in marriage from George, historians write that their marriage was happy. There were no common children from spouses.
Start of political career
During from 1958 to 1774 year George Washington was constantly elected to Legislative Assembly Virginia. He was a commitment to the policy of reconciliation with the metropolis, which was not allowed in the territory of their colonies of North America to expand the landowners of their estates.
"Boston Tea Party" and "Unbearable Taxes"
Together with Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry. Washington organized an union for the boycott of English goods in Virginia. However, he reflected disapprovingly to violent actions, among which was "Boston Tea Party" December 16, 1773.
First and second continental congresses
These events led to the response actions of Great Britain, known as "unbearable taxes". This led to convening First and second Continental CongressThe result of the actions of which was the beginning of the war for the independence of the United States.
By that time, Washington left all attempts to reconcile colonies with the metropolis, understood the infertility of their efforts. Instead, he came to the next meeting of the Congress in military uniform and was unanimously chosen commander-in-Chief of the Continental Armyin June 1775.
War for US independence
The first months under the leadership of Washington, the continental army passed several cities in the central part of North America. In December 1776, George were given the authority. military dictator.
Success of military campaigns
After that, the strip of failures as the army commander ended, and Washington with his troops began to win one victory after another: Trenton, Princeton, Boston, Saratoga were taken.
These victories strengthened the spirit of the army, as well as the international position of the entire state. As a result, after numerous lesions, the British army capitulated November 18, 1781 near Yorktown.
Recognition of USA independence
In November 1783 was signed "Paris Mirny Treaty"After which military actions were discontinued in North America and the United States gained independence.
George Washington left after these events left the post of commander-in-chief of the continental army and returned to his manor "Mount Vernon". Nevertheless, he continued to observe the situation in the country.
It is known that he wrote a letter to the leadership of all states in which he called strengthen central powerIn order to preserve the integrity of the country itself.
J. Washington - First US President
In 1787, Washington, as a supporter of strengthening the central government, was elected head of the Constitutional Council (Convention) Philadelphia. In the same year, the draft Constitution of the United States was prepared and approved.
The new document approved the chapters of all 13 states!
First presidential time
Merit to the country and popularity in political circles allowed George Washington April 30, 1789 Become the first president of the United States of America. Absolutely all members of the electoral collegium voted for him - this is the only case for the entire existence of the United States!
During his entire Board, George tried to instill to his compatriots respect for the Constitution, feeding in this a personal example. It was during his reign that two party systems in the USA was organized: Republicans and Democrats.
The most important achievement was the adoption in December 1791 Bill on Rightsconducted through the Madison Congress. It disarmed the critics of the Constitution, which she considered that she did not provide widespread and freedoms.
Second presidential time
Despite the fact that Washington himself was not running for a second term, his followers, among all major political movements, parties and Congress, were offered him become a US president for the second time.
This proposal was made, and in 1792 George Washington adopted the second term of the presidency.
During this period, Washington strengthens the economic and political structure within the country, without becoming indulging in the disagreements of European states. Such a course allowed America to rise economically.
The capital of the USA
Decision to place the federal columbia region Between the states of Maryland and Virginia, and build the capital on the Potomac River, should symbolize the equality of the South and the North.
Washington won from this personally, as it was one of the largest landowners Virginia. Place for presidential mansion as "White House"He chose personally. "Georgetown" became the first city in the United States, which was built on the clear plan.
"Father of the Fatherland"
Refusing to the third term as president, Washington said September 20, 1796your farewell speech and appeal to the nation. In his speech, he called on the pillars of human happiness in the USA, the principles of religion and morality.
He urged to have friendly relations with all countries, more trading and less political ties with them. The unclean rule that the US President cannot rule more than 2 deadlines, respected by all followers of Washington, until in 1945 was legalized by the 22nd amendment to the US Constitution.
last years of life
Last years of life, a great politician and commander-in-chief spent in his estate on the river bank Potomac surrounded by family and coming guests.
He was engaged in agriculture, and also built on the territory of "Mount Vernon" a liquor-breeding plant. Often visited the capital under construction.
The death of George Washington
On December 13, 1799, Washington fell under heavy shower and fell ill. His disease was rapidly turned into a complex pneumonia. Two days later, on the night of December 15, 1799 George Washington died, not underway treatment with blood consumption and processing mercury chloride.
His body was buried in Mount Vernon, in Virginia. In honor of the first US president, the monument in the US capital is erected - Monument Washingtonhaving a height of 152 meters. In the city it is forbidden to establish any construction above this mark.
George Washington (English George Washington; February 22, 1732, Bridgez Creek, Colony Virginia - December 14, 1799, Mount Vernon, Virginia) - American State Affairs, First Nationally Chosen President of the United States of America (1789-1797), One of the founders of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army (which was created by the very first US president, elected by the Revolutionary Congress, Peyton Rendolf), a participant in the war of independence, the creator of the American presidency institute. Large slave.
Born in the family of the landowner. Got a home education, fond of reading books. At 11 years old lost his father. He worked as a surveyor, participated in the expeditions of Lord Fairfax (English) Rusk .. In 1752 he inherited Mount Vernon's estate, in the same year he entered the militia, took part in hostilities against the French and Indians, visited Captive. In 1758, he retired in the rank of Colonel. In 1759, Washington married Marte Dendridge Castis and actively engaged in arranging his estate, became one of Virginia's richest plantators. In 1758-1774, Washington was elected to Virginia's Legislative Assembly, where he fought with the metropolis for the rights of colonies, condemning, nevertheless, violent action. It was one of the delegates of the first continental congress. After armed clashes with the UK, he refused to attempts to reconcile, died in a military form and was unanimously elected commander-in-chief of the continental army.
Reorganizing the troops, he led them to actions from the siege of Boston in 1776 to the surrender of the English troops at Yorktown in 1781. In November 1783, after the conclusion of the Parisian civil contract, Mount Vernon was led to the estate. Unattended articles of the Confederation, Washington was elected chairman of the constitutional convention that developed in 1787 the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 George Washington was unanimously elected first US president. In 1792, it was re-elected for a second term. Being a head of state, contributed to the strengthening of the Union, the implementation of the principles of the Constitution and the construction of the capital of the United States. He was engaged in the formation of the central authorities and the management system, created the precedents of the Presidential Institute, encouraged the development of the economy. Supported friendly relationships with Congress. In 1794, an uprising against state power was suppressed in the history of the United States. In foreign policy avoided interference with European states. Refused to run for the presidential post for the third time. Before leaving, he turned to nation with a farewell message. Leaving the presidency, Washington retired to Mount Vernon, often visited the capital under construction. Congress assigned Washington Title Father's Fatherland. During the exacerbation of relations with France in the summer of 1798, Washington was symbolically appointed by the Commander-in-Chief of the Army. On the night of December 15, 1799, Washington died. December 18 was buried in Mount Vernon. George Washington was born on February 22, 1732 in the family, the fourth generation of which lived in Virginia. Childhood and youth he spent in modest conditions, received home education, was engaged in self-education. There was a third of five children in the family, lost his father Augustine, tobacco plantation and land owner, at the age of 11. In 1748, Washington participated in the expedition of Lord Fairfax, who conducted land workers in the Shanndo Valley. Since 1749 he was a Kalpepper County Amermer. George brought up a summand brother Lawrence, after whom he inherited the estate of Mount Vernon in 1752 by Alexandria, on the Potab River, in the same year he became Major of the local militia. Washington in 1772 in his neighbor Lord Farfax, who belonged to the most wealthy landowners Virginia, Washington found a mentor. Farfax introduced him to the style of the life of a untown nobility and supported him on the way to the career of the officer and land. In 1753, Washington received an instruction to warn the French that they should not move to the Ohio River Valley. The trip continued for eleven weeks, Washington had to overcome 800 kilometers and survive a lot of dangerous episodes. In 1753-1754, he commanded one of the districts of Virginia militia.
By 1755, Washington's participation is in the campaign against the Fort Dukeen, where he captured. During the re-expedition to the same Fort, Washington showed courage, for which he received the title of Colonel and was appointed commander of the Virgin Provincial Shelf. Washington continued to participate in hostilities against the French and Indians, taking defensive positions, but on December 31, 1758 he returned to Virginia and resigned. On January 6, 1759, Washington married the rich widow Marte Dendridge Castis (taking his last name) and received a rich dowry: 17 thousand acres of land, 300 slaves and mansion in Williamsburg. The marriage was happy, although there were no children from spouses. Washington brought up two children of his wife from the first marriage. Thanks to hard work and strict order, he managed to increase the income of his estate and become one of Virginia's richest landowners. On his farms on the banks of the River Potomac, he grown tobacco, wheat, and by 1772 he already exported fish and flour into West India. The worldview and political philosophy of Washington affected the English opposition or agricultural literature of the beginning of the XVIII century. Washington admired Caton Jr., whom he considered a model of all Roman virtues. With these samples, he tried to fit in public and personal life, adhering to the classic speech style and the dignity of gesticulation and facial expressions. Self-composure, strict control of emotions and disciplined behavior became its outstanding qualities, under which the initial spontaneity ever appeared. Conservative and judgmental on temperament, moderately religious, without a deep interest in theological issues, but at the same time, constantly ready for the perception of new ideas and thoughts, he joined the virtue with the progressive consciousness of the enlightenment. In 1758-1774, Washington was elected to Virginia's Legislative Assembly. When the contradictions began with the metropolis, Washington began to fight for the rights of colonies. In 1769, he submitted a draft resolution for consideration by the Chamber, according to which only legislative assembly of the colonies had the right to establish taxes. However, this problem has lost sharpness when customs duties were canceled. Together with Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry Washington organized an union for the boycott of English goods in Virginia. However, he reflected disapproval to violent actions, among which was the "Boston Tea Party" on December 16, 1773.
The measures taken after this, the measures of the British government, known as "unbearable laws", forced the colonies to forget about the disagreements. In Williamsburg, without the knowledge of the governor, the civilian Chamber of Virginia was gathered, which proclaimed the convening of the first continental congress (September 5-26, 1774). Washington was elected one of the seven delegates, but accepted a minor participation in his work. Congress accepted a number of protests, but refused to open an open gap with Great Britain. In a letter, the old friend Captain R. McKenzy, who served in the English troops in Boston, was noted: "As for independence or something like that ... then I am quite satisfied that no reasonable person in North America wishes anything like that " However, soon the situation was aggravated, armed clashes of militias with the British army began. Despite the expression of the loyalty of Georgi III, the second continental congress led a colony into a state of defense. Washington gradually realized the infertility attempts to reconcile with Great Britain and after the first clashes, who showed the inevitability of the gap, had a military form and suggested the Congress of the military service. In June 1775, Washington unanimously elected the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army. He accepted the command of July 3, 1775 and headed by the siege of Boston. The army, created on the basis of the detachments of the militia of various states, was constantly experiencing difficulties with recruitment, training and supply. Its advantage was the clutch tactics, which was successfully used against the classical linear construction of the British. Washington managed to increase the combat capability of troops and the level of discipline among the soldiers. In 1775-1776, the campaign passed with varying success. Fearing Washington's troops, March 17, 1776 Boston garrison was evacuated to Halifax. July 2, 1776 British troops (32 thousand soldiers, including 9 thousand hessian mercenaries) under the command of General William Khow landed on Stanten Island Island. Washington, which Congress was instructed at any cost to keep New York, prepared for defense. Long Island Battle followed this (August 27, 1776), the battle in the Harlem heights (September 16, 1776) and the delivery of the city of British. With the remnants of his troops, George Washington went to the south. On December 12, the Congress, which fled from Philadelphia in Baltimore, provided Washington dictatorial authority. Washington took revenge on Trenton (December 26) and Princeton (January 3, 1777), in March of the same year, the victory of the siege of Boston was completed. The success of the commander-in-chief increased the moral spirit of the American army. On October 17, 1777, the Americans won the Saratogue, who strengthened the international position of the United States. The campaign 1777 ended with the collapse of the plans of British strategists, almost all of the central states were released, and the British were held only Philadelphia, New York and Newport. After the continental army, a number of victories ended with the surrender of the British Army were to win on November 19, 1781 in Yorktown, after which military actions in the United States practically stopped. After the battle of Yorktown among the officers who feared non-payment by the Congress of Signs, the desire to make Washington a dictator or king ("Newburgh Conspiracy") appeared. The personal appeal to the officer corps in March 1783 Washington restored discipline and secured the principle of subordination of military leadership to civilian.
In November 1783, after the signing of the Parisian peace treaty, Washington has resigned authority. After leaving the head of the head of the Army, Washington sent a circular letter to state governments, advising to strengthen the central government to avoid the decay of the country. Settling after the war in his estate "Mount Vernon", Washington, however, watched the political situation in the country. When in 1786, Massachusetts farmers rebelled against the Boston government, he called his supporters to action. As a supporter of strengthening the central government, unattended by the articles of the Confederation, he was unanimously elected Chairman of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, who had developed in 1787 by the Constitution of the United States of America. The support of the Constitution Washington in many ways contributed to its ratification by all thirteen states. Washington's popularity led to his unanimous election of the electoral collegium for the presidency of the country, which he took on April 30, 1789, taking the oath in New York. In 1792, he was unanimously re-elected for a new term, although Washington himself did not participate in his election campaign. Until now, he remains the only president of the United States, which all members of the electoral collegium voted. Congress has established an annual wage of the president of $ 25,000. Being a secured person, Washington originally refused such remuneration, but later took the payment. One of the main goals of Washington as the head of state was to preserve democratic transformations, to instill respect the people to the Constitution and from the very beginning to create a state apparatus based on the principles conquered by the revolution. George Washington as the first president tried to create precedents, to make the very concept of position. Throughout his reign, he constantly demonstrated respect for the Constitution, trying to promote the development of the self-consciousness of the American people. Washington contributed to improving the mechanisms of functioning of three branches of government, laid the foundations of the US political device. Washington surrounded himself with intellectual leaders, in his first government he included Henry Knox (military affairs), Edmund Randolph (Justice) of the leaders of opposing political groups - Republican Tomas Jefferson (who became US Secret Secretary) and the federalist Alexander Hamilton (Finance). The president himself tried to hold onto the side from political conflicts, preferring to stay above the parties. Washington tried to build a collaborative relationship with Congress, very economically used the right of veto, guided by the compliance of the laws of the Constitution, and not a personal position. The first US president laid the beginning of the practice of presenting the Messages of the US Congress. The most important achievement was the adoption of Bill on the rights carried out through the Madison Congress. It disarmed the critics of the Constitution, which she considered that she did not provide widespread and freedoms. The president was overcome serious doubts whether to nominate his candidacy for a second term. Numerous friends of friends, the unstability of the Union and the threat of his collapse made the weakening Washington to give way. In 1792, Washington was unanimously re-elected for a second term, which confirmed his enormous popularity. In his second inaugural speech, on March 4, 1793, Washington promised to promote the constitutional form of the Board to allow their roots "in America's virgin soil." The second stay in the post was focused on stabilization of the situation. The soberly calculated, cautious course of Washington prevented the involvement of the United States into European conflicts and stimulated the economic rise. The programs developed by the Hamiltonian program to stabilize the financial and industrial development of the country, dissected with the intentions of the Republicans, were accepted and began. Washington's transition from the grandparent position to the support of federalists aggravated the domestic political situation. In relations with the indigenous population, Washington relied more for military power, he managed to force Indians to give way from many territories. In 1791, Congress imposed a ban on distilled alcohol, which led to protests in border areas. In Western Pennsylvania, the protests were turned into a riot, called the "Tour of whiskey". The federal army was too small to suppress the resistance and Washington convened the police police and headed by the 13-thousandth army headed for the suppression of the riot. The uprising ended before military force was applied. The leaders were captured, sentenced to the death penalty, but pardoned by Washington. These events proved the ability of the federal government to use armed forces to preserve the state. During the presidency, Washington has repeatedly performed in Congress with the initiative to establish the National Academy of Sciences, but his proposals were left without attention. The decision to put the Federal District of Columbia between the states of Maryland and Virginia and erect the capital on the Potomac River should symbolize the equality of the South and the North. Washington won from this personally, as it was one of the largest landowners Virginia.
The President often visited the city under construction. The place for the presidential mansion, who gained fame as the "White House", he chose personally. Georgetown became the first city in the United States, which was built on the clear plan. In the field of foreign policy, Washington initially established the advantage of the executive power before the legislative. The President acted for the US non-interference in the confrontation of European powers, publishing in 1793 the proclamation of neutrality. However, at the same time he recognized the French Revolutionary Government and confirmed the agreement on the friendship of 1778, avoiding, however, any conflicts. Jaya Treaty, signed in November 1794 by the representative of the president, eliminated the threat of war with the UK, but split the country into two camps. A more favorable attitude to the Pinkni Treaty of 1795, which established the boundaries between the United States and the Spanish possessions and the lawsuit of Mississippi shipping is the right to the Americans. Thus, Washington managed to strengthen the positions of the United States on the American continent and protect the country from a detrimental intervention in European affairs. Considerable advantage of the Foreign Policy of Washington Printed and Trade Development. George Washington was invited to run for the third term, but he refused, explaining that the president should not take his post more than two times in a row. In farewell appeal, he confirmed that he would leave the presidency. So Washington laid the tradition, who followed without any legislative base, until the presidency of Franklin Delado Roosevelt in the XX century. He inherited from his father of the land and 10 slaves. Over time, the number rose to 390. The papers refused slaveland, but he pursued escaped slaves and tried to return them. The most famous slave was Oney Judge, one of the slaves, fled twice and gave an interview with several newspapers in 1840. Many of the former slaves had the name "Washington". This surname is considered the "black" in the modern US. On September 20, 1796, the farewell appeal of Washington to the nation, which he prepared since the spring of this year was published. His main desire was a warning from the destructive influence of the party spirit. To reflect this danger, the president recommended observing the principles of religion and morality as "the great pillars of human happiness." Washington also bequeathed "Maintain peace and consent with all countries", to develop trade relations, but to have "as few political relationships as possible." The latter position was the basis of the policy of the MONRO doctrine and the policy of isolationism, which allowed the United States to remain aside from European conflicts, increasing its influence in America itself. In the United States, a tradition was established: a farewell appeal annually, February 22, before the opening of the US Congress session, read before the Senate and the Chamber of Representatives. The last years of Washington's life was held in Mount Vernon, in the circle of family and visitors. Even after leaving the head of the head of state, Washington often visited the capital under construction, which the workers called "Georgia". Washington devoted a lot of time to agriculture, built in his estate a vacation plant. July 13, 1798, during a sharp aggravation of relations with France, President John Adams, taking into account the popularity and reputation of Washington, symbolically appointed his commander-in-chief of the American army in the rank of Lieutenant General. Death [edit | Edit Vicky Text] December 13, 1799 Washington, inspecting his possessions, spent a few hours riding a horse and got under the rain with snow. He went to dinner without changing wet clothes. The next morning, Washington began a strong runny nose, fever and throat infection, which turned into acute laryngitis and pneumonia. The next day he became worse. Medical remedies of that time did not help, and on the night of December 15, at the age of 67, Washington died. Modern doctors believe that he died to a large extent due to treatment, which included treatment with chloride mercury and bloodletting. After the death of her husband, Washington burned their correspondence. Only three letters have been preserved. The author of the mourning resolution of Congress General G. Lee described Washington as "first in the days of the war, first in the days of the world and the first in the hearts of fellow citizens." In honor of Washington, the capital, state, lake and island, mountain and canyon, a lot of settlements, colleges and universities, streets and squares are named. In 1888, a majestic monument was opened in the US capital (over 150 m high) to the first American president. During the two hundred year old Year of the formation of the United States (1976), Congress posthumously assigned George Washington by the title of General of the Army of the United States. George Washington played an outstanding role in gaining independence by the United States of America and made a major contribution to the formation of a young state to the solid path of development. As commander-in-chief of the American troops, he headed a long struggle with the UK ending with the victory of the colonies. Washington largely contributed to the beginning of the United States to the modern federal state.
He took an active part in the development and adoption of the Constitution, where his signature is both a delegate from Virginia. In the post of President Washington fixed the achievement of the war of independence, implemented the Constitution, laid the first-acquisition of the American state and the Institute of Presidents, to a large extent determining their further development. Washington, refusing to be elected for a third time, laid the foundations of the constitutional custom, according to which the president cannot be elected more than two times. Before the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt, this restriction was not formally established by the American Constitution, but all the American presidents strictly observed it. After the death of President Roosevelt, the 22nd amendment to the Constitution was developed and adopted, which established that the same person could not hold the president of more than two deadlines.
George Washington is an American state and politician, the first President of the United States, the founder of the institute of the presidency in the United States, the commander. On February 22, 1732, he was born in Virginia, Vestmorend County. His father had a migranet from England, a wealthy land supplier, who died when George was 11 years old. His death deprived the boy's boy to study, for family tradition, in the UK, so education was home: he was organized by Lord William Fifax, who lived next door. He also sent a 16-year-old teenager to his Western lands to work by Amermer. In 1752, George Washington, after death, got the estate Mount Vernon, with whom his entire further life will be connected.
Showing interest in agriculture, Washington, however, Drezil about the career of a serviceman. In the same year, as a militia, he began to fight with the French and the Indians, he happened on his own experience to find out what captive was. In the rank of Colonel, he was resigned 1758, he returned to the estate and came close to his arrangement, agriculture. In 1759, J. Washington married and gradually acquired the status of one of the most not only wealthy, but also influential state plantatives.
In 1758, George Washington's social activities began: on 1774 he was chosen to Virginia's Legislative Assembly, and in 1774 he elected a deputy of the 1st Philadelphia Continental Congress. Being a member of the Legislative Assembly, he opposed for violent actions, but when in 1775 the war began for independence, Colonel of the Virgin militia George Washington, refusing the thought of peaceful ways to resolve the conflict with Great Britain, headed the continental army as commander-in-chief - to this position Chose unanimously.
Military actions found in it a non-serve talent of the commander, administrator, demonstrated bravery and courage of him as a person. The largest victories of his troops in which Washington conducted reorganization, there were battles near Boston (spring 1776), Princeton (winter 1777), fighting under Saratogue (autumn 1777) and yorkthun (autumn 1781). In 1783, a Versaili peace treaty was signed, in which the US independence was recognized by the UK, and after this event J. Washington returned to Mount Vernon, having completed the powers of the commander-in-chief.
In 1787, a new stage begins in the biography of Washington: he became the head of the US Congress Commission, which was developed by the State Constitution. 1789 became the peak of his political career, the year of election (unanimous) for the presidency of the United States of America, the first in the history of the country. In 1792, he remained in the presidential chair in connection with the election to the second term. Being in this post, Washington consistently implemented the principles of the young constitution, formed a system of public administration, the structure of power, took measures to stimulate the strengthening of the state, the development of the economic industry, facilitated the active construction of the capital. The foreign policy held by George Washington was based on the US neutrality and non-interference of the country into the affairs of European countries.
For the third term, Washington did not run away and moved in 1798 to himself to the estate Mount Vernon. There, on December 14, 1799, the life of the first American president, awarded the title "Fatherland Father" ended.