On Sunday, on March 27, Anatoly Savin, the supervisor of the Almaz-Antey's air-space defense concern died in the 96th year. About this "Interfax" on Monday, March 28, reported in the press service of the company.
Savin before the war finished MWU named after Bauman, in 1941 he fell to the Gorky Artillery Plant, where by 1943 became the main designer of the enterprise. Since 1945, in the interests of the atomic project, created equipment for working with nuclear fuel.
In 1951, he was appointed in KB-1 (the future of Almaz NGOs), where he was engaged in manageable missiles. He led the IP project ("Satellite Fighter") - the creation of a system for intercepting spacecraft in near-earth orbits.
From 1973 he headed the CNII "Comet", which occupied the creation of information management systems with elements of cosmic basement. Among the main developments are satellite missile warning systems that recognized the torches of engines starting rockets in the infrared range. In addition, under his leadership, the system of naval cosmic exploration and target designation (ICRC) "Legend" was created, intended to ensure the use of severe anti-develop missiles on external data on the purpose.
From 2004 to 2006, the General Designer Concern of the Air Defense Concern "Almaz-Antey", since 2007 - the scientific leader of the concern.
Hero of Socialist Labor (1976), was awarded to the four orders of Lenin (1945, 1951, 1971, 1976), Laureate of the Leninist Prize (1972), three Stalinist premiums (1946, 1949, 1951), USSR State Prizes (1981) and Russian Federation (1999).
Yes, the sudden man has become smaller, bright memory.
Biography Anatoly Ivanovich in more detail
Born on April 6, 1920 in the city of Ostashkov Tver region. Father - Savin Ivan Nikolaevich (1887-1943). Mother - Savina Maria Georgievna (1890-1973). Spouse - Grigorieva Evgenia Vasilyevna (1919-1998). Daughters: Savina Lydia Anatolyevna (1942 Born.), Design Engineer; Savina Irina Anatolyevna (1949 Born.), Artist. Granddaughters: Evgenia Sergeevna (1970 born.), Teacher; Alexandra Sergeevna (1973 born.), Artist.
For childhood, A. Savina is connected with the beautiful middlewall place - Seliger Lake. For life, he retained the memory of goodwill, respectfulness, and the devastations of these people. FROM early years Anatoly Savin loved fishing, swimming, skiing - this hobbies he keeps loyalty so far. Of course, the times were not the lungs, but today, after decades, Anatoly Ivanovich recalls them as a happy time - he believes that the will of the 1920s and 1930s of the boys was tempered in overcoming difficulties.
In the mid-1930s, the Saviny family moves to Smolensk, where Anatoly enters the 9th grade of one of the best high schools in the city. Having received a certificate of maturity with honors, he goes to Moscow and in 1937 without entrance exams becomes a student of MWU named after Bauman. On the 3rd course, then the reorganization of the structure of the university A. Savin is credited to the Faculty of Artillery Armament.
In the mid-1930s, the Saviny family moves to Smolensk, where Anatoly enters the 9th grade of one of the best high schools in the city. Having received a certificate of maturity with honors, he goes to Moscow and in 1937 without entrance exams becomes a student of MWU named after Bauman. At the 3rd course, after the reorganization of the structure of the university, A. Savin is credited to the Faculty of Artillery Armament.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War Anatoly joined B. civil uprisingHowever, soon (by order I.V. Stalin, concerning students of the largest institutions), responds from the front and sent to the city of Gorky to Enterprise No. 92 - the only of the largest field and tank artillery in the USSR.
The plant headed the experienced director A.S. Heance, who was able to consider and evaluate the engineering-design and organizational abilities of Anatoly Savin, who, working as a master in the emergency workshop, offered a number of innovations in the design of the tank gun F-34 of the famous V.G. Grabina - the chief designer of the plant No. 92. Grorby was coolly treated to the proposals of the student, and after all, faith and perseverance of Elyan and Savin confirmed the correctness of the young designer.
Remembers Anatoly Ivanovich Savin:
The position on the fronts was almost catastrophic. German troops advanced to the outskirts of Moscow, Leningrad in the blockade, most of Ukraine occupied in the south.
With particular sharpness stood about artillery armament. In all wars of those times, artillery has always played a dominant role. Win in the war with Hitler's fascism, and it became clear from the first days of the war, it was possible only possessing a powerful field, anti-tank, tank, self-propelled artillery.
The main task of the People's Commissariat of Armament and the People's Commissariat of Defense was the urgent maximum increase in the release of artillery systems of this profile in extremely short time. The only acting plant that produces such artillery systems, at that time was our factory No. 92 in the city of Gorky, as most of the defense plants of Moscow, Leningrad, Ukraine were in the stage of relocation to the East. Control over the work of the plant directly provided by the drug addict D.F. Ustinov and chairman of GKO I.V. Stalin. So we ended up at the very end of events.
In the fall of 1941, the People's Commissar of Armament D.F. Ustinov came to the plant.
Plant No. 92 was built during the first five-year plan and equipped for the release of artillery systems on the full technological cycle from its own metallurgy to the assembly and testing of the systems completed by the manufacturer. At this time, it was in the stage of mastering new samples of the tank gun F-34 and the divisional F-22-SIR construction V.G. A row, the design bureau of which was also located on the territory of the plant. The director of the plant was AMO Sergeevich Elhan, appointed a year before the start of the war, before that - director of the cartridge factory in Ulyanovsk. In fact, these leaders later had to make all the severity and responsibility for the fulfillment of the task, which played an undeniable role in the fracture of the Great Patriotic War: defeat the Germans near Moscow in 1941, victory in Stalingrad and Kursk battles.
Dmitry Fedorovich familiarized himself in detail with the state of affairs at the factory. Here at this time, 5-6 thousand guns per year were produced. It was necessary to increase the release of field, tank and anti-tank guns 15-20 times.
People's Commissar, together with the leaders of the enterprise, developed specific events on all lines: organize production, plant reconstruction and reduction of labor costs, reducing the cost of products by improving the design and technology of their manufacturing.
By that time, me in an initiative order on the basis of the analysis of F-34 tank guns taken to the production of anti-tank devices, installed on T-34 tanks, and later on the tanks of the KV, a new design of anti-tank devices was developed and proposed. Replacing the existing design of anti-collective devices in the F-34 cannon on the design it allowed to significantly reduce labor costs for their production, improve their quality when weighing weight reduction, dimensions and save consumption of expensive materials. As it turned out later, the overall effect of the introduction of this design in the monetary basis amounted to more than 5 million pre-war rubles per year (about 300 million rubles. At the course 2000). In the process of discussing the planned activities to increase the exhaust guns, I was presented by the director of the factory D.F. Ustinova as the inventor of new anti-digit devices, which has manifested the useful initiative in the current difficult situation.
The meeting took place in the workshop during familiarization with the state of affairs in the production of anti-tottack devices. The director warned me that I would tell the addict about my invention. Since I already experienced pretty indifferent attitude To its proposal from the design bureau V.G. Grabrust, then did not give much importance to this event, as it was a commercially as a very solid man, burdened by complex state affairs, which is difficult, as they say, "on the go" to delve into the creature of the proposed new offer and make a decision.
I didn't know anything about Ustinov, since the level of addresses was not too interested, since I was an ordinary soldier in the industrial army, and he is commander-in-chief. Distance is a huge size. The impression of him as from man was stunning. I saw a physically strong, bold, young guy with a tag of a hustled light hair, with smart insightful glance And a very fast response to all that is happening. It is detailed as a good engineer designer, understood in counter-type devices, the technology of their manufacture and organization of production. It was noticeable that it was primarily interested in everything that allowed to reduce the production time, the number of scarce and expensive materials and the possibility of reconstruction of production in order to increase the amount of manufactured products. Having determined that the existing areas will not allow dramatically to increase the production of anti-cancer devices, he suggested urgently to build a new special workshop of anti-type devices (this workshop of more than 10 thousand square meters. M was built and commissioned in 26 days).
About my report, he spoke approvingly and supported the need for the fastest introduction of this design to tank guns, launched into production, despite the opinion of opponents of this decision among designers and production workers who fear that it would cause violation of the issuing plans. The decision was made, and, as the time has shown, it turned out to be correct and played a significant role in the general measures to increase the exhaust guns.
New anti-digit device designs A.I. Savina were made, all kinds of tests passed, and ultimately the gun
F-34 with anti-digitory devices A.I. Savina is armed with the Red Army. This gun was made by the factory serially for the equipment of T-34 tank and together with the tank entered the history of the Great Patriotic War as one of the most effective guns of those years - as well as the structure of the construction of the ZIS-3 structure, which was also produced by the factory? 92. In a short time, the release of artillery systems increased from 3-4 to 150 units per day.
In 1942, V.G. Grace, together with the main composition of its KB, was translated into Moscow, where the newly created Central Artillery Design Bureau (CACB) was headed in the sublip. At the factory? 92 remained a group of designers, combined into the design department, which headed
A.I. Savin.
In 1943, the People's Commissar of Armament of the USSR D.F. Ustinov appoints A.I. Savina chief designer of the plant No. 92, which was charged with the creation of a gun of 85-mm caliber for re-equipment of T-34 tank due to the appearance of information on the arms of the German army with tanks of the Tiger type, Panther and SAU Ferdinand. In the KB of the Factory, with the participation of CACB, the GRA-C-53 gun was created, as well as the anti-tank gun of the ZIS-2, which played a prominent role in the victory in the Kursk arc.
In total, during the war, Gorky Plant No. 92 issued more than 100 thousand different guns, continuously increasing the rate of production and reducing the cost of production by improving the design and manufacturing technology - in great degree Thanks to the efforts of the design team under the leadership of A.I. Savina.
In 1946, the chief designer A.I. Savin was awarded the Stalinist Award I degree. In the same year, without separation from production, he graduated from the Bauman MWU.
New stage B. creative biography A.I. Savina is associated with an atomic project.
It tells his direct participant in Academician Anatoly Ivanovich Savin:
There was no victory under Berlin, there were no atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the leadership of the Soviet Union began to resolve the atomic problem. The creation of an atomic bomb for a country that sustained the unprecedented war in the moral and economic relations of war and the victory of the cost of tremendous efforts and victims was a new heavy test for the entire Soviet people.
The main resources of the country in the period of creating the first samples were not involved in the creation of directly the atomic bomb itself, but to receive in large quantities of enriched uranium and plutonium. The technology of obtaining these materials required special equipment in huge quantities. It was created for the first time in world practice in conditions of extraordinary secrecy. There were no specialists in this area, scientists, engineers, designers, technologists, production workers, builders, installers and operational techniques were to work, forming a completely new scientific and technical direction, starting from scratch, while observing the strictest rules that prevent information leakage.
To solve this complex scientific and technical and production problem in the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a special government institution was established with the most broad powers - the 1st Main Department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. He headed him by B. L. Vannikov, who in wartime was the Commissar of the USSR ammunition, and in the pre-war time - the Armament Commissar of the USSR to the appointment of D.F. Ustinova.
As a headquarters responsible for the scientific and technical side of the project implementation, a special laboratory of measuring instruments of the Academy of Sciences (Lipan), which was headed by the scientific director of the atomic project I.V. Kurchatov.
One of the most complex directions in obtaining materials for the atomic bomb was the allocation of uranium-235 from natural uranium by gas diffusion method.
In 1945, by decision of the 1st Main Department, our plant was connected to the creation of an experimental multi-stage setup, intended for experimental verification of basic physical processes in order to determine the possibility of practicing the specified main parameter - coefficient of enrichment and refinement of the source data, necessary for the working design of the equipment and the factory as a whole. The start of work has shown that the creation and testing of the installation with full confirmation of the source data will take considerable time. Therefore, D.F. Ustinov, B.L. Vannikov and A.S. Elians make a decision - in parallel with the creation of an experimental installation to develop a working draft plant based on available data.
To do this, at factory No. 92 creates a special design bureau. The head of the plant was appointed director of the plant, the chief designer of the OKB is the chief designer of the plant. As a result, this role fell on my share. So me, an artillertist engineer, I had to master a completely new sphere of activity. However, not only me, but also to all participants of this giant project.
Works unfolded in early 1945 and until the end - commissioning of the plant D-1 in the area of \u200b\u200bNizhny Tagil - were under the most close attention of I.V. Stalin, as well as L.P. Beria, D.F. Ustinova, V.M. Ryabikov (First Deputy Ustinova), I.V. Kurchatov. The program for creating the diffusion plant D-1 was performed by the same methods as military orders for artillery during the war. Novelty of the problem gave a powerful impetus to research work in the OKB.
From the side of the 1st Main Department, see the USSR (B.L. Vannikov) and the People's Commissariat of Armament of the USSR (D.F. Ustinov, V.M. Ryabikov) were created necessary conditions for collaboration Physician scientists, designers, technologists and production workers a variety of specialties. These government structures ensured the All-Union Cooperation of Enterprises to fulfill a huge amount of work, planning, financing and control over their execution. It is not necessary, apparently, emphasizing that the requirements for the performance of the deadlines and the quality of the work were the highest. All this ultimately determined the successful completion of the program to create a diffusion plant D-1.
In the KB of the Gorky Plant under the direction of A.I. Savina on the tasks of academicians I.V. Kurchatova, I.K. Kikoin, A.P. Alexandrova, A.I. Alikhanov is developed by a number of major structures for industrial technology obtaining enriched uranium and plutonium. A complex of equipment for the diffusion separation of uranium isotopes was created, which allowed the production of armory uranium in the shortest possible time. As part of this project A.I. Savin is designed by the most complicated system for unloading irradiated uranium blocks and a heavy water reactor (OK-180 project). The merits of the designer are marked by two Stalinist premiums.
With the beginning " cold War"For the Soviet defense complex, the priority has become the task of creating new weapons systems - jet managed complexes (hands), primarily the class" air-sea ": the probable enemy has a powerful navycapable of conducting rocket attacks, including using nuclear weapons. The situation in which the USSR did not have the means to reflect such a missile attack.
As a head organization to create a reactive managed weapon in 1947, a design organization is being created in submission of the 3rd of the Main Department - Design Bureau No. 1 (KB-1). scientific adviser - Pavel Nikolaevich Kuxenko, Chief Designer - Sergey Lavrentievich Beria.
In 1951, to improve the efficiency of work on the creation of new types of weapons in KB-1, the director of the Gorky Plant is translated? 92 A S. Elhyan, chief designer A.I. Savin and staff staff. The work in a new place Anatoly Ivanovich begins the deputy head of the design department, then appointed by the deputy chief designer and further - the main designer of SKB-41, created in 1953 as a result of the large-scale reorganization of KB-1. The reactive managed weapon becomes a new object and stage in the life of the laureate of the three Stalinist premiums of the constructor A.I. Savina.
Creating a comet system - a bright milestone in military history Our Fatherland. The work on this project began in 1947 ended with successful system tests already in 1951. The target was chosen the cruiser "Red Caucasus", cruising along the agreed scheme along the shores of the Crimea. The tests were "on the increasing": first worked out the removal of the KS-1 reactive reactive aircraft from the carrier aircraft Tu-4 and its flight to the target in the radar ray guide, then the attack of the ship by a shell without combat part was finally committed The defeat of the "Red Caucasus" by a shell with a combat charge. As a result of the exact hit, the ship was broken in half and stentered after 3 minutes. In 1952, the complex is adopted by the Soviet sea aviation for weapons.
A significant contribution to the KB-1 team contributed to the creation of a unique impermeable anti-airflow of the opponent in Moscow, which is a complex territorial system of interrelated objects: radar means of pre-alerts at far distances, powerful anti-aircraft complexes, system management tools in general and means of ensuring continuous combat duty. The scale of the work carried out to a certain extent transfers the numbers: within the project, by 1953, the central, spare and 4 sectoral command clauses, 8 technical bases for storage and maintenance of ammunition 3360 anti-aircraft missiles, 500 km of concrete roads around the capital, 60 Residential villages, 22 internal objects and 34 object of the outer ring, which included complexes of anti-aircraft missiles, starting positions, communication systems with command clauses. The system could lead the simultaneous shelling of 1120 (!) Flying goals for Moscow.
"In those years, with direct participation and under the leadership of A.I. Savina has developed a number of defense systems of the "Air-Sea" classes ("Comet", "K-10", "K-22", "K-22 Psi"), "Air-Earth" ("K-20"), " Air-air "(" K-5 "and its upgrades -" K-5M "," K-51 "," K-9 ")," Earth-Sea "(" Strela ")," Earth-Earth "( "Meteor", "Dragon"), "Sea-Sea" ("P-15") ".
In the 1950s, A.I. Savin is studying in graduate school at KB-1, in 1959 he protects the candidate thesis, in 1965 it becomes a doctor of technical sciences.
Since 1960, A.I. Savin - Head of SKB-41. It offers the team and leadership of the industry to start work in the new scientific and technical direction: the development of global space information management systems that should provide strategic parity in space.
Talks Academician A.I. Savin:
By the beginning of my work in KB-1, the main responsibilities were distributed as follows. S.L. Beria, D.L. Tomashevich and the Group of Officers of the Academy named after Mozhaysky led the Comet's system and SB-32, P.N. Kuxenko and A.A. Splittin - "Berkut" system. Soon I was appointed deputy chief designer S.L. Beria on the enterprise.
After the resignation of S.L. Beria and P.N. Kuxenko, Deputy Chief Designer on Science A.A. The villagetn was appointed chief designer on anti-aircraft missile topics, and I am one of his deputies. Head of the enterprise was V.P. Chizhov, chief engineer F.V. Lukin. In February 1955, SKB-31 and SKB-41 were formed as part of KB-1. The main designer of SKB-41 was appointed A.A. Colossian, and me - his deputy.
Soon there was quite difficult times for our design team. On the one hand, after the statement by N.S. Khrushchev on the futility of strategic aviation began to be collapsed by work on aircraft system of reactive weapons - our main topic. On the other hand, the excessive passion of the head of state with rocket education led to the turbulent growth of rocket CB.
G.V. Kisunko was engaged in an experimental system of pro, and the influx of frames from the Buretnin and Kolosov began to it. Seeing the growing literally not by day, and by the clock the authority of Grigory Vasilyevich, the specialists moved to his work. He took them willingly, especially since his staff schedule is constantly increased. Alexander Andreevich was engaged in modernization of the system of air defense of Moscow, and the country's leadership belonged to his activities favorably. We were under threat of closing. It was necessary to save the team.
Working out aviation, anti-aircraft and anti-tank system, I drew attention to a completely new and, as it seemed to me, very close to us cosmic subjects. Our weapon was intended to fight moving goals - aircraft carriers, airplanes, tanks. The defeat of the maneuvering goal is a difficult task, so we paid the main attention to the creation of control systems and guidance. Gradually there was a unique team of specialists high-class. Among the developers of ballistic missiles (BR) there were no such specialists, since BRs are designed to combat fixed objectives.
Flowing over the prospects of our OKB, I understood: either we move on to space themes or stop our existence as a team. By calling V.N. Man, I asked me to accept. Vladimir Nikolaevich immediately appointed time, and soon we met in his KB. To the meeting, I prepared thoroughly, draws the schemes with which I illustrated my story. Housing listened carefully, but the final answer did not give. The meeting ended.
I was waiting. There were rumors that there were several leading designers with "cosmic" ideas for the man. Will my suggestions be accepted? Finally, I was informed that V.N. By humus appointed a meeting. When I arrived, I was already sitting in his office, Kisunko and Kalmykov. They discussed the distribution of roles within the framework of the future theme. And they did it, emphasized ignoring my presence. Housing started a meeting. Listening to him, I felt that the soil leaves from under the feet. At the end of his speech, he announced that the anti-slip system instructs Kisunko, and the sea cosmic intelligence is broken.
After that, I made and substantiated a different strategy and tactics of work. V.N. Housing, seeing that the decision is clearly not ready, did not arrange the "Swar" and stopped the meeting. Soon the decree of the policy makers, which made the effect of a broken bomb. It was instructed by our SKB-41 to carry out a complex of work on space exploration and in the field of anticipate defense.
As a result of the reorganization of SCB-41, it was transformed into OKB-41 with a single cosmic subject. The main focus of the work was the creation of a complex of anticipate defense, facing the tasks of interception and the defeat of the artificial satellites of the Military Earth of the Probable enemy flying over the territory of the USSR.
A.I. Savin becomes the main designer of the complex. Created in subsequent years under the leadership of Anatoly Ivanovich Space systems are unique. Conducted by the cycle of research and development work on optoelectronics, computer science, radiophysics, radio engineering and electronics, fundamental scientific research The atmosphere, the ocean, sushi and the near-earth outer space ensured the creation of the physical basis for the detection and identification of weakly-contrasting minority and spatially-extended objects against the background of various formations in the atmosphere, the ocean, on land and in the near-emblem space. A special place is assigned to research in the field of computer science and image processing, as well as the hydrodynamics of the seas and oceans, the development and models of the background-target formation. Proposals A.I. Savina on the creation of remote vision systems of underwater scenes using optical and radar aerospace agents a much ahead of the exeted analogues.
Pioneers were also the work of A.I. Savina and his schools on remote sensing for the purpose of global and regional environmental monitoring of the Earth. In cooperation with OKB-52 V.N. Jawomay A.I. Savin and its OKB is created a unique and efficient automated complex of anticipate defense. Its constituents are a terrestrial command-computing and measuring point (object 224-b), a special starting area at the Baikonur polygon (object 334-b), a carrier rocket and an interceptor spacecraft.
Tests of the complex began in 1968. The world's first successful target defeat in space was held in August 1970: the combat calculation of the system anticosmic defense (PKO) got the task to destroy the artificial satellite of the Earth. "Hunting" in space ended with maximum effect: The fragantic combat part of the combat equipment spawned a target in pieces.
In 1979, the PKO complex was put on combat duty. American satellites, figuratively speaking, turned out to be "on the hook."
By the time of the beginning of the American SOI program (1983), the USSR had already destroyed in space to a dozen satellites. In 1985, after Yu.V. Andropov declared a unilateral obligation of the USSR not to bring weapons into space, the American missile "Sram-Altair" struck in space a satellite target. In the press of the United States and Western countries, this was submitted not only as the first combat test of the new generation of American anti-slip weapons - the AsaT systems, but as in general, the first defeat of the satellite target in outer space. Americans Lukvali - at that time they lost the USSR, and a lot. On August 18, 1983, the statement of the head of the Soviet state sounded, and the control of the anticipation defense was silent. Silent, but not "died." He was still on battle duty; Space tests were discontinued.
In the late 1950s, the Babe-Living Weapon was created in OKB-52 - self-equipped opera-tactical winged rockets with a large range of action. These missiles for their overseas starts needed information about the marine situation. The decision on the use of spacecraft equipped with the means of all-weather surveillance for the surface ships for these purposes. OKB-41 under the direction of A.I. Savina successfully carried out work on the creation of ground-based radio-electronic complexes of the system and onboard means of controlling spacecraft.
According to the first commander of the troops of the Rocket and Space Defense of General-Colonel-General Yu. Titintseva, the first largest place among the funds from the funds, which were made at the disposal of the troops of the PKO to protect the country, should be given a system of warning about a missile attack (SPRN):
It is intended for timely, with high reliability, detecting a rocket-nuclear strike, applied from any continent, from anywhere in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe World Ocean, with the issuance of information on the notified control points. This system has become a reliable udis for any aggressor. It is guaranteed to exclude the possibility of an unexpected unrequited nuclear strike.
Work on the expansion of the combat capacity of the PKO complex was carried out in the future. Created systems provided Soviet Union The necessary information base, on the basis of which the modern defense concept of strategic equilibrium is built.
In 1973, the OKB-41 team under the direction of A.I. Savina separated from the Central Diamond CCB, which was part of which was earlier. The central scientific research institute "Cometa", the general designer and the general director of whom Anatoly Ivanovich became the general director of the following years. The plant "Mospribor" and SKB-39 also entered the Central Committee.
In 1979, NGOs were formed on the basis of the CNII "Comet", and then (1985) - the Central Scientific and Production Association (CNPO) "Comet". In a single organization around the TsNII "Comet", branches were collected in Yerevan, Ryazan, Leningrad, Kiev, plants in Almaty and Vychny Volochka and individual divisions in the Moscow region and Tbilisi.
In the 1970s, the team of A.I. Savina is developing a system that provides operational detection of starts (single, group and mass) and tracking the trajectories of intercontinental ballistic missiles (MBR) on the radiation of the torch of the motor installation in the infrared range. In subsequent years, this resulted in the creation of a global system for the detection of ICBM starts placed on aircraft, on ground (mine) start-up installations and submarines. For this system of Central Comet, the broadband radio control complex (Riik), terrestrial and onboard controls, algorithmic and software.
Despite the problems with financing during the Perestroika period, by 1990, the work on the installation and configuration of the equipment at the system facilities was fully completed, the first flight spacecraft were manufactured, full-time specialfaction analysis programs were worked out. In the first half of the 1990s, a 3-satellite orbit was launched within the program. Successfully passing the flight design and government tests, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 25, 1996, the system was adopted.
Assessing the situation in connection with the collapse of the USSR, the General Designer - CEO CNPO "Comet" Anatoly Ivanovich Savin has developed the concept of maintaining strategic equilibrium in the world on the basis of the global information and management systems developed in the CNPO (Gius).
The accumulated "comet" experience in creating large information management systems was used in other fields, including in creating global earth monitoring systems, control emergency situations (natural and technogenic), as well as in the development of modern medical equipment for cardiodiagnostics and iridodiagnostics.
In May 2004, A.I.Sa-Vos is appointed by the General Design of OJSC Concern "FFA Diamond - Antey".
Academician A.I. Savin brought up a whole generation of highly qualified scientists - Doctors and Kan-Didates of Sciences, as well as young professionals. Under his leadership, the Basic Department of Mirea (Moscow Institute of Radio Electronics and Automation) is functioning.
A.I. Savin - a member of the Executive Contestual Council on Sustainable Development under the State Duma of the Russian Federation, manages the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on image processing issues, actively works in the expert council under the rule of the Russian Federation and in a number of other tips.
Anatoly Savin Career: Constructor
Birth: Russia, 6.4.1920
State Prizes of the USSR and Russia, the State Prize of Georgia, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of a number of other academies, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. On May 20, 2005, awarded the title of winner of the National Television Prize winning in the nomination of the legend of the Defense and Industrial Complex for a special contribution to the creation of a defense shield of Russia.
Born on April 6, 1920 in the city of Ostashkov Tver region. Father Savin Ivan Nikolaevich (18871943). Mother Savina Maria Georgievna (18901973). Spouse Grigorieva Evgenia Vasilyevna (19191998). Daughters: Savina Lydia Anatolyevna (1942 Born.), Design Engineer; Savina Irina Anatolyevna (1949 Born.), Artist. Granddaughters: Evgenia Sergeevna (1970 born.), Teacher; Alexandra Sergeevna (1973 born.), Artist.
Damietary years, A. Savina are connected with the most beautiful middle-Russian lake Seliger. For the whole existence, he saved the memory of goodwill, respectfulness and the unattended of these people. From an early age, Anatoly Savin loved fishing, swimming, skiing these hobbies he keeps loyalty so far. Of course, times were not the lungs, but these days, after decades, Anatoly Ivanovich recalls them as a happy temper, he believes that freedom of boys of the 19201930s was tempered in overcoming difficulties.
In the mid-1930s, the Saviny family moves to Smolensk, where Anatoly enters the 9th grade of one of the best high schools in the city. Having received a certificate of maturity with honors, he goes to Moscow and in 1937 without entrance exams becomes a student of MWU named after Bauman. On the 3rd course, then the reorganization of the structure of the university A. Savin is credited to the Faculty of Artillery Armament.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Anatoly entered the national militia, and after all, soon (by order I.V. Stalin, concerning students of the largest institutions), respond to the front and send Gorky to the enterprise? 92 The only of the largest field and tank artillery in the USSR.
The plant was headed by seeing the types of chief A.S. Heance, who managed to disassemble and evaluate the engineering and organizational abilities of Anatoly Savina, the one that, working as a master in the emergency workshop, proposed a stroke of innovations in the design of the tank gun F-34 of the famous V.G. Is the main designer plant? 92. Grorz frostously reacted to the proposals of the student, and yet faith and perseverance of Elyan and Savin confirmed the rightness of the young designer.
Remembers Anatoly Ivanovich Savin:
The position on the fronts was without a small catastrophic. German troops advanced to the outskirts of Moscow, Leningrad in the blockade, a large amount of Ukraine occupied in the south.
With special sharpness stood questioning about artillery armament. In all wars of those times, artillery always played the dominant image. Win in the war with Hitler's fascism, and it became clear from the first days of the war, it was only possessed by powerful field, anti-tank, tank, self-propelled artillery.
The main task of the People's Commissariat of Armaments and the People's Commissariat of Defense was the urgent maximum increase in the issuance of artillery systems of this profile in extremely short time. The only acting plant producing such artillery systems was at this time a predetermined enterprise? 92 in the city of Gorky, as most of the defense plants of Moscow, Leningrad, Ukraine were in the stage of relocation to the East. Control over the work of the plant directly supplied the drug addict D.F. Ustinov and chairman of GKO I.V. Stalin. So we ended up at the very end of events.
In the fall of 1941, the People's Commissar of Armament D.F. Ustinov came to the enterprise.
Factory? 92 was built in the segment of the first five-year plan and is equipped with the release of artillery systems on the full technological cycle from its own metallurgy to the assembly and testing of the manufacturer of systems. At this time, it was in the stage of mastering new samples of the tank gun F-34 and the divisional F-22-SIR construction V.G. Grabrust, the design bureau of which was located on the territory of the plant. The director of the plant was AMO Sergeevich Elhahan, appointed a year before the start of the war, before that the chief of the cartridge plant in Ulyanovsk. In fact, these leaders later had to move together with the People's Commissar, to postpone the entire burden and responsibility for the fulfillment of the task, which was playing the undeniable image in the fracture of the Great Patriotic War: defeat the Germans near Moscow in 1941, victory in Stalingrad and Kursk battles.
Dmitry Fedorovich familiarized himself in detail with the state of affairs at the factory. Here at this time there were 56 thousand guns per year. It was necessary to increase the release of field, tank and anti-tank guns 1520 times.
The People's Commissar, together with the leaders of the enterprise, developed specific events on all lines: organize production, plant reconstruction and reducing labor costs, reducing the cost of products by improving the design and technology of manufacturing.
By that time, me in an initiative order on the basis of the analysis of the F-34 tank guns taken to the production of anti-tank devices, installed on T-34 tanks, and later on the tanks of the KV, a new design of anti-tank devices was developed and proposed. Replacing the existing design of the anti-collective devices in the F-34 gun on the design that the proposed me allowed to significantly reduce labor costs to their factory, increase their property with a decrease in weight, dimensions and save consumption of expensive materials. As it turned out later, the Group's result from the introduction of this design in the monetary terms amounted to more than 5 million pre-war rubles per year (near 300 million RUB. At the rate of 2000). In the process of discussing the planned activities to increase the exhaust guns, I was presented by the director of the factory D.F. Ustinova as the inventor of new anti-digit devices, which has manifested the useful initiative in the current difficult situation.
The meeting took place in the workshop during familiarization with the state of affairs in the production of anti-tottack devices. The director warned me that I would tell the addict about my invention. Since I have already experienced enough indifferent touch to my proposal from the design bureau V.G. Grabrust, then did not attach a special meaning to this event, as it was a drug addict as a very solid person, burdened by complex state affairs, which is not easy, as they say, to inject to the creature of God's proposed new sentence into the creature.
I didn't know anything about Ustinov, because the order of the addicts was not unnecessary to me, since I was an ordinary soldier in the industrial army, but he is commander-in-chief. Distance is a huge size. The impression of him as from man was stunning. I saw a physically strong, bold, young guy with a tag of thick light hair, with a smart insightful glance and a strongly fast response to all what is happening. It is detailed as a nonwalf engineer designer, disassembled in counter-digit devices, the technologies of their manufacturing and organization of production. It was noticeable that his first order was interested in everything that allowed to reduce the production time, the number of scarce and expensive materials and the probability of the reconstruction of production in order to increase the amount of products manufactured. Having determined that the available areas will not allow rudely to increase the release of anti-cancer devices, it proposed to immediately build a freshly baked special workshop of anti-tetting devices (the very workshop of more than 10 thousand square meters. M was built and commissioned in 26 days).
About my report, he spoke approvingly and supported the need to quickly implement this design into tank guns, launched into the factory, despite the view of opponents of this decision in the midst of designers and production workers who were afraid that it would cause the rules of the rules of release plans. The decision was made, and, as the time shown, it turned out to be correct and played a significant image in general measures to increase the exhaust guns.
New anti-digit device designs A.I. Savina were made, all kinds of tests passed, and ultimately the gun
F-34 with anti-digitory devices A.I. Savina is armed with the Red Army. This gun was made by the factory serially to equip the T-34 tank and together with the tank entered the history of the Great Patriotic War as one of the most efficient tools for those years as and the field gun of the construction of the ZIS-3 structure, which was still produced by the plant? 92. In a short time, the release of artillery systems increased from 34 to 150 units per day.
In 1942, V.G. Grace together with the main composition of its KB was transferred to Moscow, where he was headed by the Central Artillery Design Bureau (CACB) in the sublip. At the factory? 92 remained a group of designers, combined into the design department, the one that headed
A.I. Savin.
In 1943, the People's Commissar of Armament of the USSR D.F. Ustinov appoints A.I. Savina chief designer of the plant? 92, which was charged with the creation of gun
85-mm caliber for re-equipment of T-34 tank due to the appearance of information on the armament of the German army tanks such as Tiger, Panther and SAU Ferdinand. In the KB of the Factory, with the participation of CACB, the CIS-C-53 gun was created, and besides the anti-tank gun of the ZIS-2, which played a noticeable image in the victory in the Kursk arc.
Value during the war, the Gorky enterprise? 92 released more than 100 thousand different guns, continuously increasing the rate of production and reducing the cost of production by improving the design and manufacturing technology, to a healthy degree due to the efforts of the design team under the direction of A.I. Savina. In 1946, the first designer A.I. Savin was awarded the Stalinist Award I degree. In the same year, without separation from production, he graduated from the Bauman MWU.
New period in creative biography A.I. Savina is associated with an atomic project. It tells his direct participant in Academician Anatoly Ivanovich Savin:
There was no victory under Berlin, there were no atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the leadership of the Soviet Union began to resolve the atomic problem. The creation of an atomic bomb for a country that sustained the unprecedented war in the moral and economic relations of war and the victory of the cost of tremendous efforts and victims was a new heavy test for the entire Soviet people.
The main resources of the country in the segment of the time of creation of the first samples were not involved in the creation of directly the atomic bomb itself, but to acquire in large quantities of rich uranium and plutonium. The technology of obtaining these materials required special equipment in huge quantities. It was created first in an important practice in extraordinary secrecy. There were no specialists in this area, scientists, engineers, designers, technologists, production workers, builders, installers and operational techniques were to run, forming a completely new scientific and technical orientation, starting from scratch, while observing the strictest rules that prevent information leakage.
To solve this complex scientific and technical and production problem in the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a special government establishment with the most broad powers of the 1st Main Department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was established. He headed him by B. L. Vannikov, the one that in wartime was the Commissar of the USSR ammunition, and in the pre-war Time by the Commissar of Armament of the USSR to the appointment of D.F. Ustinova.
As a headquarters responsible for the scientific and technical side of the project implementation, a special laboratory of measuring instruments of the Academy of Sciences (Lipan) was established at the USSR Academy of Sciences (Lipan), which was headed by the Academic Head of the Atomic Project I.V. Kurchatov.
One of the most complex directions in obtaining materials for the atomic bomb was the allocation of uranium-235 from natural uranium by gas diffusion method.
In 1945, by decision of the 1st Main Department, his company was connected to the creation of an experimental multi-stage setup, intended for experimental verification of basic physical processes in order to determine the possibility of practicing the specified main parameter of the coefficient of enrichment and refinement of the source data required For the working design of the equipment and the factory as a whole. The beginning of work has shown that the creation and testing of the installation with a complete confirmation of the source data will take considerable time. Therefore, D.F. Ustinov, B.L. Vannikov and A.S. Elhanas make a conclusion also with the creation of an experimental installation to develop the work plan of the plant based on the available data.
For this, at the factory? 92 Created a special design bureau. The boss of the plant is appointed head of the OKB, the chief designer of the OKB is paramount importance of the plant constructor. As a result, this image fell on my share. So I, an artillery engineer, had to master the flawlessly new scope of activity. However, not only me, but also to all participants of this giant project.
Works unfolded in early 1945 and until the end of the commissioning of the plant D-1 in the area of \u200b\u200bNizhny Tagil was under the most close attention of I.V. Stalin, as well as L.P. Beria, D.F. Ustinova, V.M. Ryabikov (First Deputy Ustinova), I.V. Kurchatov. The program for creating the diffusion plant D-1 was performed by the same methods as military orders for artillery during the war. The newness of the problem gave a healthy impetus to research work in the OKB.
From the side of the 1st Main Department, see the USSR (B.L. Vannikov) and the People's Commissariat of Armament of the USSR (D.F. Ustinov, V.M. Ryabikov) The necessary conditions for the joint work of physicists, designers, technologists and production workers were created A variety of specialties. These government structures ensured the All-Union Cooperation of Enterprises to fulfill a huge amount of work, planning, financing and control over their execution. It is not necessary, apparently, especially emphasize that the requirements for the fulfillment of the deadlines and the quality of the work were the highest. All this ultimately determined the successful completion of the program to create a diffusion plant D-1.
In the KB of the Gorky Plant under the direction of A.I. Savina on the tasks of academicians I.V. Kurchatova, I.K. Kikoin, A.P. Alexandrova, A.I. Alikhanov is developing a building of basic structures for industrial technologies to obtain enriched uranium and plutonium. A complex of equipment on the diffusion separation of uranium isotopes was created, which allowed the factory of weapons uranium as soon as possible. As part of this project A.I. Savin designed the most difficult organization of unloading irradiated uranium blocks and a heavy water reactor (plan OK-180). The merits of the designer are marked by two Stalinist premiums.
With the start of the Cold War for the Soviet Defense Complex, the priority has become the problem of creating new armament systems of reactive managed complexes (hands), before all class airmore: the likely enemy possessed a powerful navy capable of conducting rocket attacks, including using nuclear weapons. The situation was inserted, in which the USSR did not possess the means of reflection of such a missile attack.
As a head organization to create a reactive managed weapon in 1947, a design organization is being created in the decision of the Government of the USSR in submission of the 3rd Main Directorate of the Design Bureau? 1 (KB-1). Scientific chapter Pavel Nikolaevich Kuxenko, main designer Sergey Lavrentievich Beria.
In 1951, to improve the efficiency of work on the creation of new types of weapons in KB-1, the Boss of the Gorky Plant is translated? 92 A S. Elhyan, fundamental designer A.I. Savin and staff staff. The work in a new place Anatoly Ivanovich begins by the deputy head of the design department, after that he is appointed by the deputy chief designer and on the main designer of SKB-41, created in 1953 as a result of large-scale reorganization of KB-1. The reactive managed weapon becomes a new object and stage in the life of the laureate of the three Stalinist premiums of the constructor A.I. Savina.
Creating a comet system is a bright milestone in the military history of our Fatherland. The work on this project began in 1947 ended with successful system tests already in 1951. The target was chosen the cruiser Red Caucasus, cruising along the agreed scheme along the shores of the Crimea. Tests walked along the increasing: first worked out the removal of the CS-1 reactive aircraft from the Tu-4 carrier aircraft and its flight to the target in the radar beam guide, followed by the ship's assault cut by airplane without a combat part, eventually was committed The defeat of the Red Caucasus by a shell with a combat charge. As a result of an accurate hit, the ship was broken away and drowned through 3 minutes. In 1952, the complex is adopted by the Soviet sea aviation for weapons.
The considerable contribution of the KB-1 team was entered into the creation of an unique impermeable anti-airflow of the opponent in Moscow, which is a complex territorial system of interrelated objects: radar means of preliminary alerts at distant distances, powerful anti-aircraft complexes, system management tools in general and means of ensuring continuous combat duty. The scale of the work carried out to a certain extent transmitted numbers: within the project, by 1953, the central, reserve and 4 sectoral command clauses, 8 technical bases for storing and maintenance of ammunition 3360 anti-aircraft missiles, 500 km of concrete roads near the capital, 60 Residential villages, 22 internal objects and 34 object of the outer ring, which included complexes of anti-aircraft missiles, starting positions, communication systems with command clauses. The system could have a simultaneous shelling of 1120 (!) Goals to Moscow.
In those years, with direct participation and under the leadership of A.I. Savina developed a building of defense class systems airmore (comet, K-10, K-22, K-22 PSI), airways (K-20), airports (K-5 and its upgrades of K-5M, K-51, K-9 ), Earthamore (boom), native (meteor, dragon), ferret (P-15).
In the 1950s, A.I. Savin is studying in graduate school at KB-1, in 1959 he protects the candidate thesis, in 1965 it becomes a doctor of technical sciences.
Since 1960, A.I. Savin head SKB-41. It offers the team and management of the industry to initiate work in the new scientific and technical direction: the development of global space information management systems that should provide strategic parity in space.
Talks Academician A.I. Savin:
By the beginning of my work in KB-1, the main responsibilities were distributed as follows. S.L. Beria, D.L. Tomashevich and a group of officers of the Academy named after Mozhaysky led the Comet and SB-32 system, P.N. Kuxenko and A.A. Brinettin system Berkut. Soon I was appointed deputy chief designer S.L. Beria on the enterprise.
After the resignation of S.L. Beria and P.N. Kuxenko, Deputy Chief Designer on Science A.A. The villagetn was appointed chief designer on anti-aircraft missile topics, and I am one of his deputies. Head of the enterprise was V.P. Chizhov, chief engineer F.V. Lukin. In February 1955, SKB-31 and SKB-41 were formed as part of KB-1. The main designer of SKB-41 was appointed A.A. Colossian, and I was his deputy.
Soon there was enough difficult times for our design team. On the one hand, followed by N.S. Khrushchev on the futility of strategic aviation began to be cooled by work on aircraft weapons of reactive armament by our key topics. From other sides, the excessive passion of the head of state with rocket education led to the turbulent growth of rocket CB.
G.V. Kisunko was engaged in an experimental system of pro, and the influx of frames from the Buretnin and Kolosov began to it. Seeing growing practically not by day, and by the clock the authority of Grigory Vasilyevich, specialists moved to his work. He took them with hunting, the more that his staff schedule was continuously increased. Alexander Andreevich was engaged in modernization of the system of air defense of Moscow, and the country's leadership belonged to his activities favorably. We were under threat of closing. It was necessary to save the team.
Working out aviation, anti-aircraft and anti-tank system, I drew sensitivity to flawlessly new and, as it seemed to me, very close to us cosmic subjects. Our weapon was intended to combat rolling targets aircraft carriers, airplanes, tanks. The defeat of the maneuvering goal is a difficult problem, because of the main attentiveness we paid to the creation of control systems and guidance. Gradually there was a unique team of high-class specialists. Among the developers of ballistic missiles (BR) there were no such specialists, since BRs are designed to combat fixed objectives.
Flowing over the prospects of our OKB, I understood: either we move on to cosmic subjects, or stop the native presence as a team. By calling V.N. Man, I asked me to accept. Vladimir Nikolaevich once appointed time, and soon we met in his KB. To the meeting, I prepared thoroughly, drawn the schemes that illustrated our alignment. Housing listened to the sparkle, but did not give the final answer. The meeting ended.
I was waiting. The rumors began to be heard that there were some leading designers with cosmic ideas to the man. Will my suggestions be accepted? Finally, I was informed that V.N. By humus appointed a meeting. When I arrived, I was already sitting in his office, Kisunko and Kalmykov. They discussed the distribution of roles within the framework of the future theme. And they did it, it is emphasized by ignoring my presence. Housing started a meeting. Listening to him, I felt that the earth leaves from under his feet. At the end of his speech, he announced that the antispather system instructs Kisunko, and the sea cosmic intelligence of Burettin.
After that, I made and substantiated a different strategy and tactics of work. V.N. Housing, seeing that the conclusion is obviously not ready, did not settle the Swarre and stopped the meeting. Soon the decision of the policy makers, which made the result of a broken bomb. It was instructed by our SKB-41 to carry out a complex of work on space exploration and in the field of anticipate defense.
As a result of the reorganization of SCB-41, it was transformed into OKB-41 with a single cosmic subject. The main focus of the work was the creation of a complex of anticipate defense, facing the tasks of interception and the defeat of the artificial satellites of the Military Earth of the Probable enemy flying over the territory of the USSR.
A.I. Savin becomes the main designer of the complex. Created in subsequent years under the leadership of Anatoly Ivanovich Space systems are unique. The cycle of research and development work on optoelectronics, computer science, radiophysics, radio engineering and radio electronics, fundamental scientific research of the atmosphere, the ocean, sushi and the near-earth outer space provided the creation of the physical foundations of the detection and identification of weak-contrasting minority and spatial-extended objects on the background of various Education in the atmosphere, the ocean, on land and in the near-emblem space. The special location is assigned to research in the field of computer science and image processing, and also the hydrodynamics of the seas and oceans, the development and models of the background-target formation. Proposals A.I. Savina on the creation of remote vision systems of underwater scenes using optical and radar aerospace agents a much ahead of the exeted analogues.
Pioneer steel besides the work of A.I. Savina and his schools on remote sensing for the purpose of global and regional environmental monitoring of the Earth. In cooperation with OKB-52 V.N. Jawomay A.I. Savin and its OKB is created a unique and effective automated complex of anticipate defense. Its components of the ground command and computing and measuring point (item 224-b), a special starting platform on the Baikonur polygon (item 334-b), a carrier rocket and an interceptor spacecraft.
Tests of the complex began in 1968. The world's first successful crushing of the goal in space was held in August 1970: the combat calculation of the anti-symptomic defense system (PKO) received the task to eliminate the unhetric satellite of the Earth. Hunting in space ended with a maximum effect: the fragant-combat share of combat equipment has spread the target on pieces.
In 1979, the PKO complex was put on combat duty. American satellites, figuratively speaking, were on the hook.
By the time of the beginning of the American SOI program (1983), the USSR had already destroyed in space to a dozen satellites. In 1985, already later than Yu.V. Andropov declared a unilateral obligation of the USSR not to withdraw weapons into space, the American missile SREM-Altair struck in space the target satellite. In the press of the United States and Western countries, it was served not only as the first combat testing of the new generation of American anti-spray weapons of the AsaT system, but as in general, the first defeat of the target satellite in outer space. The Americans Lukvali on the moment they lost the USSR, and carry numbers. On August 18, 1983, the statement of the head of the Soviet state sounded, and the control of the anticipation defense was silent. Silent, but did not die. He was still on battle duty; Space tests were discontinued.
In the late 1950s, the Bearing Weapon was created in OKB-52. Self-leading opera-tactical winged rockets with a considerable range. These missiles for their overseas startup was needed info about the marine situation. The conclusion about the use of spacecraft equipped with the means of all-weather surveillance with surface ships for these purposes. OKB-41 under the direction of A.I. Savina successfully carried out work on the creation of terrestrial radio electronic complexes of the system and onboard means of controlling spacecraft.
According to the First Commander of the Rocket and Space Defense Commander of General-Colonel Yu. Titintseva, the first largest location in the middle of funds, which were revealed by the troops of the OB and PKO to protect the country, should be buried the system of warning about a missile attack (SPRN):
It is intended for timely, with high accuracy, detecting a rocket-nuclear strike, applied from any continent, from any point of water area of \u200b\u200bthe World Ocean, with the issuance of information on the notified control points. This organization has become a reliable udis for any aggressor. It is guaranteed to exclude the likelihood of an unexpected unrequited nuclear strike.
Work on the expansion of the combat capacity of the PKO complex was carried out in the future. Created systems provided to the Soviet Union the necessary information base, based on the modern defense concept of strategic equilibrium.
In 1973, the OKB-41 team under the direction of A.I. Savina separated from the CCB diamond, which was part of which was earlier. Anatoly Ivanovich was created by the Central Research Institute of Comet, the General Designer and the Director General of which by the 27 subsequent years, Anatoly Ivanovich became. The composition of the Central Committee included the enterprise Mospribor and SKB-39.
In 1979, NGOs were formed on the basis of the Comnet, and after that (1985) the Central Scientific and Production Association (CNPO) of the Comet. In a single organization, branches in Yerevan, Ryazan, Leningrad, Kiev, plants in Alma-Ata and Vyshchik and Separate divisions in the Moscow Region and Tbilisi were collected nearby Comet.
In the 1970s, the team of A.I. Savina is developing a system that provides operational detection of starts (single, group and mass) and tracking the trajectories of intercontinental ballistic missiles (MBR) on the radiation of the torch of the motor installation in the infrared range. In subsequent years, this resulted in the creation of a global system for the detection of ICBM starts placed on aircraft, on ground (mine) start-up installations and submarines. For this system, the Central Committee has developed a broadband radio control complex (Rica), terrestrial and on-board controls, algorithmic and software.
Despite the problems with financing the restructuring time, by 1990, the work on the installation and configuration of the equipment at the system facilities was completed for a hundred percent, the first flight spacecraft were manufactured, full-time specialfaction analysis programs were worked out. In the first half of the 1990s, a 3-satellite orbit was launched within the program. Successfully passing the flight design and government tests, decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 25, 1996, the organization was adopted.
Assessing the situation in connection with the collapse of the USSR, the General Designer General Manager CNPO Comet Anatoly Ivanovich Savin developed the concept of maintaining strategic equilibrium in the world on the basis of the global information and management systems developed in the CNPO.
The accumulated comet skill in the creation of large information management systems was used in other areas, including the creation of global earth monitoring systems, emergency control (natural and technogenic), and even in the development of modern medical equipment for cardiodiagnosis and iridodiagnostics.
In May 2004, A.I.Sa-Vos is appointed by the General Design of OJSC Concern PVA Almaz Antey.
Academician A.I. Savin brought a whole generation of scientists of the highest qualifications of doctors and Kan-Didates of sciences, and also young professionals. Under his leadership, the Basic Department of Mirea (Moscow Institute of Radio Electronics and Automation) is functioning.
A.I. Savin Member of the Executive Contestual Council on Sustainable Development under the State Duma of the Russian Federation leads the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on image processing issues, actively works in the expert council under the rule of the Russian Federation and in a number of other tips.
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin Hero of Socialist Labor, Laureate Le Ninskaya, State Prizes of the USSR and Russia, State Prize of Georgia, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of a number of other academies, leakage of technical sciences, Professor. On May 20, 2005, awarded the title of winner of the National Television Prize winning in the nomination of the legend of the Defense and Industrial Complex for a special contribution to the creation of the defense shield of Russia. Awarded the four orders of Lenin, three orders of the working red banner, the orders of the Patriotic War of the II degree, for merits to the Fatherland of III, medals, including the Golden Medal named after A.A. Splittin, and many other awards.
Anatoly Ivanovich fully applies to the statement that the gifted uncle talented in everything. Brushes A.I. Savina belongs to many wonderful pictorial work. Despite the impressive age, he is still fond of sports, preferring tennis telelasting, skiing and swimming.
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As you know yesterday, an outstanding constructor of weapons systems of the USSR, the supervisor of OAO Concern Almaz-Antey "OJSC" Anatoly Ivanovich Savin, died yesterday. What was it for a person? I just do not even remember our outstanding designers who would participate in the development and production of hard artillery systems during the war, then participated in the atomic project, then in the draft air defense system, which was part of a rocket project and subsequently occupied by antispatrogram space systems and anti-missile systems ensuring control of the starts and the destruction of the MBR of the likely enemy.
That's what you managed to find: http: //www.biograph.ru/index.php? Option \u003d com_content & view \u003d article & id \u003d 1059: Savinai & Catid \u003d 14 & itemid \u003d 29
Savin Anatoly Ivanovich
Savin Anatoly Ivanovich
Hero of Socialist Labor, Laureate of the Leninsky, Three Stalinist, State Prizes of the USSR and Russia, State Prize of Georgia, General Designer Concern "PVA Almaz - Antey", Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Born on April 6, 1920 in the city of Ostashkov Tver region. Father - Savin Ivan Nikolaevich (1887-1943). Mother - Savina Maria Georgievna (1890-1973). Spouse - Grigorieva Evgenia Vasilyevna (1919-1998). Daughters: Savina Lydia Anatolyevna (1942 Born.), Design Engineer; Savina Irina Anatolyevna (1949 Born.), Artist. Granddaughters: Evgenia Sergeevna (1970 born.), Teacher; Alexandra Sergeevna (1973 born.), Artist.
For childhood, A. Savina is connected with the beautiful middlewall place - Seliger Lake. For life, he retained the memory of goodwill, respectfulness, and the devastations of these people. From an early age, Anatoly Savin loved fishing, swimming, skiing - this hobbies he keeps loyalty so far. Of course, the times were not the lungs, but today, after decades, Anatoly Ivanovich recalls them as a happy time - he believes that the will of the 1920s and 1930s of the boys was tempered in overcoming difficulties.
In the mid-1930s, the Saviny family moves to Smolensk, where Anatoly enters the 9th grade of one of the best high schools in the city. Having received a certificate of maturity with honors, he goes to Moscow and in 1937 without entrance exams becomes a student of MWU named after Bauman. At the 3rd course, after the reorganization of the structure of the university, A. Savin is credited to the Faculty of Artillery Armament.
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Anatoly entered the national militia, but soon (by order I.V. Stalin, concerning students of the largest institutions), respond from the front and sent to the city of Gorky to the plant? 92 is one of the largest in the production of field and tank artillery in the USSR.
The plant headed the experienced director A.S. Heance, who was able to consider and evaluate the engineering-design and organizational abilities of Anatoly Savin, who, working as a master in the emergency workshop, offered a number of innovations in the design of the tank gun F-34 of the famous V.G. Grabe - the main designer of the plant? 92. Rubbey got cold to the proposals of the student, however, faith and perseverance of Elia and Savina confirmed the correctness of the young designer.
Remembers Anatoly Ivanovich Savin:
The position on the fronts was almost catastrophic. German troops advanced to the outskirts of Moscow, Leningrad in the blockade, most of Ukraine occupied in the south.
With particular sharpness stood about artillery armament. In all wars of those times, artillery has always played a dominant role. Win in the war with Hitler's fascism, and it became clear from the first days of the war, it was possible only possessing a powerful field, anti-tank, tank, self-propelled artillery.
The main task of the People's Commissariat of Armament and the People's Commissariat of Defense was the urgent maximum increase in the release of artillery systems of this profile in extremely short time. The only acting plant producing such artillery systems, at this time was our factory? 92 in the city of Gorky, as most of the defense plants of Moscow, Leningrad, Ukraine were in the stage of relocation to the East. Control over the work of the plant directly provided by the drug addict D.F. Ustinov and chairman of GKO I.V. Stalin. So we ended up at the very end of events.
In the fall of 1941, the People's Commissar of Armament D.F. Ustinov came to the plant.
Factory? 92 was built during the first five-year plane and equipped with the release of artillery systems on the full technological cycle from its own metallurgy to the assembly and testing of the manufacturer of systems. At this time, it was in the stage of mastering new samples of the tank gun F-34 and the divisional F-22-SIR construction V.G. A row, the design bureau of which was also located on the territory of the plant. The director of the plant was AMO Sergeevich Elhan, appointed a year before the start of the war, before that - director of the cartridge factory in Ulyanovsk. In fact, these leaders later had to make all the severity and responsibility for the fulfillment of the task, which played an undeniable role in the fracture of the Great Patriotic War: defeat the Germans near Moscow in 1941, victory in Stalingrad and Kursk battles.
Dmitry Fedorovich familiarized himself in detail with the state of affairs at the factory. Here at this time, 5-6 thousand guns per year were produced. It was necessary to increase the release of field, tank and anti-tank guns 15-20 times.
People's Commissar, together with the leaders of the enterprise, developed specific events on all lines: organize production, plant reconstruction and reduction of labor costs, reducing the cost of products by improving the design and technology of their manufacturing.
By that time, me in an initiative order on the basis of the analysis of F-34 tank guns taken to the production of anti-tank devices, installed on T-34 tanks, and later on the tanks of the KV, a new design of anti-tank devices was developed and proposed. Replacing the existing design of anti-collective devices in the F-34 cannon on the design it allowed to significantly reduce labor costs for their production, improve their quality when weighing weight reduction, dimensions and save consumption of expensive materials. As it turned out later, the overall effect of the introduction of this design in the monetary basis amounted to more than 5 million pre-war rubles per year (about 300 million rubles. At the course 2000). In the process of discussing the planned activities to increase the exhaust guns, I was presented by the director of the factory D.F. Ustinova as the inventor of new anti-digit devices, which has manifested the useful initiative in the current difficult situation.
The meeting took place in the workshop during familiarization with the state of affairs in the production of anti-tottack devices. The director warned me that I would tell the addict about my invention. Since I have already experienced a rather indifferent attitude to my proposal from the design bureau V.G. Grabrust, then did not give much importance to this event, as it was a commercially as a very solid man, burdened by complex state affairs, which is difficult, as they say, "on the go" to delve into the creature of the proposed new offer and make a decision.
I didn't know anything about Ustinov, since the level of addresses was not too interested, since I was an ordinary soldier in the industrial army, and he is commander-in-chief. Distance is a huge size. The impression of him as from man was stunning. I saw a physically strong, bold, young guy with a tag of thick light hair, with a smart insightful look and a very fast response to all what is happening. It is detailed as a good engineer designer, understood in counter-type devices, the technology of their manufacture and organization of production. It was noticeable that it was primarily interested in everything that allowed to reduce the production time, the number of scarce and expensive materials and the possibility of reconstruction of production in order to increase the amount of manufactured products. Having determined that the existing areas will not allow dramatically to increase the production of anti-cancer devices, he suggested urgently to build a new special workshop of anti-type devices (this workshop of more than 10 thousand square meters. M was built and commissioned in 26 days).
About my report, he spoke approvingly and supported the need for the fastest introduction of this design to tank guns, launched into production, despite the opinion of opponents of this decision among designers and production workers who fear that it would cause violation of the issuing plans. The decision was made, and, as the time has shown, it turned out to be correct and played a significant role in the general measures to increase the exhaust guns.
New anti-digit device designs A.I. Savina were made, all kinds of tests passed, and ultimately the gun
F-34 with anti-digitory devices A.I. Savina is armed with the Red Army. This gun was made by the factory serially for the equipment of T-34 tank and together with the tank entered the history of the Great Patriotic War as one of the most effective guns of those years - as well as the structure of the construction of the ZIS-3 structure, which was also produced by the factory? 92. In a short time, the release of artillery systems increased from 3-4 to 150 units per day.
In 1942, V.G. Grace, together with the main composition of its KB, was translated into Moscow, where the newly created Central Artillery Design Bureau (CACB) was headed in the sublip. At the factory? 92 remained a group of designers, combined into the design department, which headed
A.I. Savin.
In 1943, the People's Commissar of Armament of the USSR D.F. Ustinov appoints A.I. Savina chief designer of the plant? 92, which was charged with the creation of gun
85-mm caliber for re-equipment of T-34 tank due to the appearance of information on the armament of the German army with tanks of type "Tiger", "Panther" and SAU "Ferdinand". In the KB of the Factory, with the participation of CACB, the GRA-C-53 gun was created, as well as the anti-tank gun of the ZIS-2, which played a prominent role in the victory in the Kursk arc.
In total, during the war, the Gorky plant? 92 released more than 100 thousand different guns, continuously increasing the rate of production and reducing the cost of production by improving the design and manufacturing technology - to a large extent due to the efforts of the design team under the direction of A.I. Savina. In 1946, the chief designer A.I. Savin was awarded the Stalinist Award I degree. In the same year, without separation from production, he graduated from the Bauman MWU.
A new stage in the creative biography of A.I. Savina is associated with an atomic project. It tells his direct participant in Academician Anatoly Ivanovich Savin:
There was no victory under Berlin, there were no atomic explosions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the leadership of the Soviet Union began to resolve the atomic problem. The creation of an atomic bomb for a country that sustained the unprecedented war in the moral and economic relations of war and the victory of the cost of tremendous efforts and victims was a new heavy test for the entire Soviet people.
The main resources of the country in the period of creating the first samples were not involved in the creation of directly the atomic bomb itself, but to receive in large quantities of enriched uranium and plutonium. The technology of obtaining these materials required special equipment in huge quantities. It was created for the first time in world practice in conditions of extraordinary secrecy. There were no specialists in this area, scientists, engineers, designers, technologists, production workers, builders, installers and operational techniques were to work, forming a completely new scientific and technical direction, starting from scratch, while observing the strictest rules that prevent information leakage.
To solve this complex scientific and technical and production problem in the Council of Ministers of the USSR, a special government institution was established with the most broad powers - the 1st Main Department of the Council of Ministers of the USSR. He headed him by B. L. Vannikov, who in wartime was the Commissar of the USSR ammunition, and in the pre-war time - the Armament Commissar of the USSR to the appointment of D.F. Ustinova.
As a headquarters responsible for the scientific and technical side of the project implementation, a special laboratory of measuring instruments of the Academy of Sciences (Lipan), which was headed by the scientific director of the atomic project I.V. Kurchatov.
One of the most complex directions in obtaining materials for the atomic bomb was the allocation of uranium-235 from natural uranium by gas diffusion method.
In 1945, by decision of the 1st Main Department, our plant was connected to the creation of an experimental multi-stage setup, intended for experimental verification of basic physical processes in order to determine the possibility of practicing the specified main parameter - coefficient of enrichment and refinement of the source data, necessary for the working design of the equipment and the factory as a whole. The start of work has shown that the creation and testing of the installation with full confirmation of the source data will take considerable time. Therefore, D.F. Ustinov, B.L. Vannikov and A.S. Elians make a decision - in parallel with the creation of an experimental installation to develop a working draft plant based on available data.
For this, at the factory? 92 Created a special design bureau. The head of the plant was appointed director of the plant, the chief designer of the OKB is the chief designer of the plant. As a result, this role fell on my share. So me, an artillertist engineer, I had to master a completely new sphere of activity. However, not only me, but also to all participants of this giant project.
Works unfolded in early 1945 and until the end - commissioning of the plant D-1 in the area of \u200b\u200bNizhny Tagil - were under the most close attention of I.V. Stalin, as well as L.P. Beria, D.F. Ustinova, V.M. Ryabikov (First Deputy Ustinova), I.V. Kurchatov. The program for creating the diffusion plant D-1 was performed by the same methods as military orders for artillery during the war. Novelty of the problem gave a powerful impetus to research work in the OKB.
From the side of the 1st Main Department, see the USSR (B.L. Vannikov) and the People's Commissariat of Armament of the USSR (D.F. Ustinov, V.M. Ryabikov) The necessary conditions for the joint work of physicists, designers, technologists and production workers were created A variety of specialties. These government structures ensured the All-Union Cooperation of Enterprises to fulfill a huge amount of work, planning, financing and control over their execution. It is not necessary, apparently, emphasizing that the requirements for the performance of the deadlines and the quality of the work were the highest. All this ultimately determined the successful completion of the program to create a diffusion plant D-1.
In the KB of the Gorky Plant under the direction of A.I. Savina on the tasks of academicians I.V. Kurchatova, I.K. Kikoin, A.P. Alexandrova, A.I. Alikhanov is developed by a number of basic structures for industrial technologies for obtaining enriched uranium and plutonium. A complex of equipment for the diffusion separation of uranium isotopes was created, which allowed the production of armory uranium in the shortest possible time. As part of this project A.I. Savin is designed by the most complicated system for unloading irradiated uranium blocks and a heavy water reactor (OK-180 project). The merits of the designer are marked by two Stalinist premiums.
With the beginning of the Cold War for the Soviet defense complex, the priority was the task of creating new weapons systems - jet managed complexes (hands), primarily the class "air-sea": the likely enemy had a powerful navy capable of conducting rocket attacks, including including nuclear weapons. The situation in which the USSR did not have the means to reflect such a missile attack.
As a head organization to create a reactive managed weapon in 1947, a design organization is being created in submission of the 3rd of the Main Department of the USSR - the design office? 1 (KB-1). Scientific Director - Pavel Nikolaevich Kuxenko, Chief Designer - Sergey Lavrentievich Beria.
In 1951, to improve the efficiency of work on the creation of new types of weapons in KB-1, the director of the Gorky Plant is translated? 92 A S. Elhyan, chief designer A.I. Savin and staff staff. The work in a new place Anatoly Ivanovich begins the deputy head of the design department, then appointed by the deputy chief designer and further - the main designer of SKB-41, created in 1953 as a result of the large-scale reorganization of KB-1. The reactive managed weapon becomes a new object and stage in the life of the laureate of the three Stalinist premiums of the constructor A.I. Savina.
Creating a comet system is a bright milestone in the military history of our Fatherland. The work on this project began in 1947 ended with successful system tests already in 1951. The target was chosen the cruiser "Red Caucasus", cruising along the agreed scheme along the shores of the Crimea. The tests were "on the increasing": first worked out the removal of the KS-1 reactive reactive aircraft from the carrier aircraft Tu-4 and its flight to the target in the radar ray guide, then the attack of the ship by a shell without combat part was finally committed The defeat of the "Red Caucasus" by a shell with a combat charge. As a result of the exact hit, the ship was broken in half and stentered after 3 minutes. In 1952, the complex is adopted by the Soviet sea aviation for weapons.
A significant contribution to the KB-1 team contributed to the creation of a unique impermeable anti-airflow of the opponent in Moscow, which is a complex territorial system of interrelated objects: radar means of pre-alerts at far distances, powerful anti-aircraft complexes, system management tools in general and means of ensuring continuous combat duty. The scale of the work carried out to a certain extent transfers the numbers: within the project, by 1953, the central, spare and 4 sectoral command clauses, 8 technical bases for storage and maintenance of ammunition 3360 anti-aircraft missiles, 500 km of concrete roads around the capital, 60 Residential villages, 22 internal objects and 34 object of the outer ring, which included complexes of anti-aircraft missiles, starting positions, communication systems with command clauses. The system could lead the simultaneous shelling of 1120 (!) Flying goals for Moscow.
"In those years, with direct participation and under the leadership of A.I. Savina has developed a number of defense systems of the "Air-Sea" classes ("Comet", "K-10", "K-22", "K-22 Psi"), "Air-Earth" ("K-20"), " Air-air "(" K-5 "and its upgrades -" K-5M "," K-51 "," K-9 ")," Earth-Sea "(" Strela ")," Earth-Earth "( "Meteor", "Dragon"), "Sea-Sea" ("P-15") ".
In the 1950s, A.I. Savin is studying in graduate school at KB-1, in 1959 he protects the candidate thesis, in 1965 it becomes a doctor of technical sciences.
Since 1960, A.I. Savin - Head of SKB-41. It offers the team and leadership of the industry to start work in the new scientific and technical direction: the development of global space information management systems that should provide strategic parity in space.
Talks Academician A.I. Savin:
By the beginning of my work in KB-1, the main responsibilities were distributed as follows. S.L. Beria, D.L. Tomashevich and the Group of Officers of the Academy named after Mozhaysky led the Comet's system and SB-32, P.N. Kuxenko and A.A. Splittin - "Berkut" system. Soon I was appointed deputy chief designer S.L. Beria on the enterprise.
After the resignation of S.L. Beria and P.N. Kuxenko, Deputy Chief Designer on Science A.A. The villagetn was appointed chief designer on anti-aircraft missile topics, and I am one of his deputies. Head of the enterprise was V.P. Chizhov, chief engineer F.V. Lukin. In February 1955, SKB-31 and SKB-41 were formed as part of KB-1. The main designer of SKB-41 was appointed A.A. Colossian, and me - his deputy.
Soon there was quite difficult times for our design team. On the one hand, after the statement by N.S. Khrushchev on the futility of strategic aviation began to be collapsed by work on aircraft system of reactive weapons - our main topic. On the other hand, the excessive passion of the head of state with rocket education led to the turbulent growth of rocket CB.
G.V. Kisunko was engaged in an experimental system of pro, and the influx of frames from the Buretnin and Kolosov began to it. Seeing the growing literally not by day, and by the clock the authority of Grigory Vasilyevich, the specialists moved to his work. He took them willingly, especially since his staff schedule is constantly increased. Alexander Andreevich was engaged in modernization of the system of air defense of Moscow, and the country's leadership belonged to his activities favorably. We were under threat of closing. It was necessary to save the team.
Working out aviation, anti-aircraft and anti-tank system, I drew attention to a completely new and, as it seemed to me, very close to us cosmic subjects. Our weapon was intended to fight moving goals - aircraft carriers, airplanes, tanks. The defeat of the maneuvering goal is a difficult task, so we paid the main attention to the creation of control systems and guidance. Gradually there was a unique team of high-class specialists. Among the developers of ballistic missiles (BR) there were no such specialists, since BRs are designed to combat fixed objectives.
Flowing over the prospects of our OKB, I understood: either we move on to space themes or stop our existence as a team. By calling V.N. Man, I asked me to accept. Vladimir Nikolaevich immediately appointed time, and soon we met in his KB. To the meeting, I prepared thoroughly, draws the schemes with which I illustrated my story. Housing listened carefully, but the final answer did not give. The meeting ended.
I was waiting. There were rumors that there were several leading designers with "cosmic" ideas for the man. Will my suggestions be accepted? Finally, I was informed that V.N. By humus appointed a meeting. When I arrived, I was already sitting in his office, Kisunko and Kalmykov. They discussed the distribution of roles within the framework of the future theme. And they did it, emphasized ignoring my presence. Housing started a meeting. Listening to him, I felt that the soil leaves from under the feet. At the end of his speech, he announced that the anti-slip system instructs Kisunko, and the sea cosmic intelligence is broken.
After that, I made and substantiated a different strategy and tactics of work. V.N. Housing, seeing that the decision is clearly not ready, did not arrange the "Swar" and stopped the meeting. Soon the decree of the policy makers, which made the effect of a broken bomb. It was instructed by our SKB-41 to carry out a complex of work on space exploration and in the field of anticipate defense.
As a result of the reorganization of SCB-41, it was transformed into OKB-41 with a single cosmic subject. The main focus of the work was the creation of a complex of anticipate defense, facing the tasks of interception and the defeat of the artificial satellites of the Military Earth of the Probable enemy flying over the territory of the USSR.
A.I. Savin becomes the main designer of the complex. Created in subsequent years under the leadership of Anatoly Ivanovich Space systems are unique. The cycle of research and development work on optoelectronics, computer science, radiophysics, radio engineering and radio electronics, fundamental scientific research of the atmosphere, the ocean, sushi and the near-earth outer space provided the creation of the physical foundations of the detection and identification of weak-contrasting minority and spatial-extended objects on the background of various Education in the atmosphere, the ocean, on land and in the near-emblem space. A special place is assigned to research in the field of computer science and image processing, as well as the hydrodynamics of the seas and oceans, the development and models of the background-target formation. Proposals A.I. Savina on the creation of remote vision systems of underwater scenes using optical and radar aerospace agents a much ahead of the exeted analogues.
Pioneers were also the work of A.I. Savina and his schools on remote sensing for the purpose of global and regional environmental monitoring of the Earth. In cooperation with OKB-52 V.N. Jawomay A.I. Savin and its OKB is created a unique and efficient automated complex of anticipate defense. Its constituents are a terrestrial command-computing and measuring point (object 224-b), a special starting area at the Baikonur polygon (object 334-b), a carrier rocket and an interceptor spacecraft.
Tests of the complex began in 1968. The world's first successful target defeat in space was held in August 1970: the combat calculation of the system of anticipation defense (PKO) received the task of destroying the artificial satellite of the Earth. "Hunting" in space ended with the maximum effect: the fragant-combat part of the combat equipment sold the target into pieces.
In 1979, the PKO complex was put on combat duty. American satellites, figuratively speaking, turned out to be "on the hook."
By the time of the beginning of the American SOI program (1983), the USSR had already destroyed in space to a dozen satellites. In 1985, after Yu.V. Andropov declared a unilateral obligation of the USSR not to bring weapons into space, the American missile "Sram-Altair" struck in space a satellite target. In the press of the United States and Western countries, this was submitted not only as the first combat test of the new generation of American anti-slip weapons - the AsaT systems, but as in general, the first defeat of the satellite target in outer space. Americans Lukvali - at that time they lost the USSR, and a lot. On August 18, 1983, the statement of the head of the Soviet state sounded, and the control of the anticipation defense was silent. Silent, but not "died." He was still on battle duty; Space tests were discontinued.
In the late 1950s, the Babe-Living Weapon was created in OKB-52 - self-equipped opera-tactical winged rockets with a large range of action. These missiles for their overseas starts needed information about the marine situation. The decision on the use of spacecraft equipped with the means of all-weather surveillance for the surface ships for these purposes. OKB-41 under the direction of A.I. Savina successfully carried out work on the creation of ground-based radio-electronic complexes of the system and onboard means of controlling spacecraft.
According to the first commander of the troops of the Rocket and Space Defense of General-Colonel-General Yu. Titintseva, the first largest place among the funds from the funds, which were made at the disposal of the troops of the PKO to protect the country, should be given a system of warning about a missile attack (SPRN):
It is intended for timely, with high reliability, detecting a rocket-nuclear strike, applied from any continent, from anywhere in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe World Ocean, with the issuance of information on the notified control points. This system has become a reliable udis for any aggressor. It is guaranteed to exclude the possibility of an unexpected unrequited nuclear strike.
Work on the expansion of the combat capacity of the PKO complex was carried out in the future. Created systems provided to the Soviet Union the necessary information base, based on the modern defense concept of strategic equilibrium.
In 1973, the OKB-41 team under the direction of A.I. Savina separated from the Central Diamond CCB, which was part of which was earlier. The Central Research Institute "Comet", the general designer and the general director of whom Anatoly Ivanovich became the 27 subsequent years. The plant "Mospribor" and SKB-39 also entered the Central Committee.
In 1979, NGOs were formed on the basis of the CNII "Comet", and then (1985) - the Central Scientific and Production Association (CNPO) "Comet". In a single organization around the TsNII "Comet", branches were collected in Yerevan, Ryazan, Leningrad, Kiev, plants in Almaty and Vychny Volochka and individual divisions in the Moscow region and Tbilisi.
In the 1970s, the team of A.I. Savina is developing a system that provides operational detection of starts (single, group and mass) and tracking the trajectories of intercontinental ballistic missiles (MBR) on the radiation of the torch of the motor installation in the infrared range. In subsequent years, this resulted in the creation of a global system for the detection of ICBM starts placed on aircraft, on ground (mine) start-up installations and submarines. For this system of Central Comet, the broadband radio control complex (Riik), terrestrial and onboard controls, algorithmic and software.
Despite the problems with financing during the Perestroika period, by 1990, the work on the installation and configuration of the equipment at the system facilities was fully completed, the first flight spacecraft were manufactured, full-time specialfaction analysis programs were worked out. In the first half of the 1990s, a 3-satellite orbit was launched within the program. Successfully passing the flight design and government tests, the decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 25, 1996, the system was adopted.
Assessing the situation in connection with the collapse of the USSR, the General Designer - General Director of the CNPO "Comet" Anatoly Ivanovich Savin developed the concept of maintaining strategic equilibrium in the world on the basis of the global information and management systems developed in the CNPO.
The accumulated "comet" experience in creating large information management systems was used in other areas, including the creation of global earth monitoring systems, emergency control (natural and technogenic), as well as in the development of modern medical equipment for cardiodiagnostics and iridodiagnostics.
In May 2004, A.I.Sa-Vos is appointed by the General Design of OJSC Concern "FFA Diamond - Antey".
Academician A.I. Savin brought up a whole generation of highly qualified scientists - Doctors and Kan-Didates of Sciences, as well as young professionals. Under his leadership, the Basic Department of Mirea (Moscow Institute of Radio Electronics and Automation) is functioning.
A.I. Savin - a member of the Executive Contestual Council on Sustainable Development under the State Duma of the Russian Federation, manages the Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences on image processing issues, actively works in the expert council under the rule of the Russian Federation and in a number of other tips.
Anatoly Iva-Novich Savin - Hero of Socialist Labor, Laureat Le Ninskaya, State Prizes of the USSR and Russia, State Prize of Georgia, Academician RAS, Academician of a number of other academies, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. On May 20, 2005, the title of winner of the National Television Award "Victory" in the nomination "The Legend of the Defense Industrial Complex" for a special contribution to the creation of the defense shield of Russia. Awarded the four orders of Lenin, three orders of the working red banner, the orders of the Patriotic War of the II degree, "For merits to the Fatherland" of the III degree, medals, including the Golden Medal named after A.A. Splittin, and many other awards.
Anatoly Ivanovich is fully applied to the statement that the talented man is talented in everything. Brushes A.I. Savina belongs to many wonderful pictorial work. Despite the solid age, he is still fond of sports, preferring tennis telelasting, skiing and swimming.
-
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin Born on April 6, 1920 in the city of Ostashkov
Tver province(now - the administrative district center of the Tver region)
,
In the family of employees
.
Father - Savin Ivan Nikolaevich (1887-1943
)
worked as an accountant
and mother -Savina Maria Georgievna(1890 - 1973) - teacher.
-
Anatoly Savin he graduated from elementary school
in
hometown
, but After moving the family
in Smolensk, in the early 1930s with honored graduated from the secondary general education
school, what allowed himin 1937. without entrance exams to doon the
Faculty of "Artillery Systems and Installations"
Moscow mechanics
Machine-building Institute(
in 1943-1989 - Moscow Higher
Technical School
named after N.E. Bauman
Since 1989 - Faculty
"Rocket and impulse systems" Moscow State
Technical University
but
named after N.E. Bauman
)
.
-
FROM the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, in July 1941,
A.I. Savin joined
in civil uprising, however,before Shipping on the The front was recalled, evacuoked
in gorky city
(
now - Nizhny Novgorod
)
where was appointed senior control
Wizard of the Co-Welcome Deviceon the Artillery Plant No. 92
name I.V. Stalin.
-
In 1944. A.I. Savin became a member of VKP
(b).
-
Per working hourson the enterprise
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin Very quickly mastered
from technology production of artillery guns and suggested a number of improvements
in tank gun design F-34
, and then developed fundamentally newand more
The technological anti-tart device is one of the most important nodes of the gun.
-
Despitethat young specialistnot supported Chief designer Plant.
Vasily Gavrilovich Grins, P. Support for Plant Director
AMO Sergeevich Elyan
on the personal meetingfrom People's Commissar Armament of the USSR
Dmitry Fedorovich UstinovAnatoly Ivanovich Savinmanaged to achieve the introduction of anti-tart
Devices
in production, what allowedin several times to enlarge the daily release of finished guns.
-
In 1942. being still student, 22-year-old
A.I. Savin becomes the boss
Design department
, and in 1943 he was appointed chief designer
Gorky Artillery Plant No. 92 named after I.V. Stalin
.
Working on the these posts
Anatoly Ivanovich Created significant contribution
in creature
Anti-Tank Guns ZIS-2
Sample 1941. (caliber - 57 millimeters)
and Tank gun ZIS-S-53
Sample 1944 (caliber - 85 millimeters)
.
-
In 1946. A.I. Savin
without separation from production from honored graduate
MWU named after N.E. Bauman.
-
A year earlier, in 1945 Design department under leadership
A.I. Savina It was
attracted
to workby Soviet atomic project.
By The task of the head of the atomic science academician
Igor Vasilyevich Kurchatova
KB A.I. Savina was engaged in creating an experimental multi-stage installation
for
experimental verification of basic physical processesfrom the purpose of determination
Practical implementation of the enrichment coefficient, received
Fameunder the name of the diffusion plant number 1.
These works were controlled by the first major department of the USSR Council of Ministers
Headed
Boris Lvovich Vanchov.
For their executionon the The factory created a special design bureau,
The main designer of which was appointed
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin
.
Installation was developed in time and builtin Nizhny Tagil.
IN the process of its creation of the OKBunder leadership
A.I. Savina Designed hard
Unloading system of irradiated uranium blocks
and Reactorson the Heavy water
(Project OK-180).
-
In 1951. Anatoly Ivanovich Savin Was Translated in Moscow, in Design department
№ 1
(
subsequently - ICD "Strela", CKB "Diamond"
)
for 3rd main board management
USSR ministers supervised the creation of jet arms,
and was appointed on the deputy Head of the Design Department.
Soon he became the deputy chief designer KB-1.
IN this time of KB-41 led the development of an anti-aircraft missile system
Defense "Berkut".
-
In 1953. KB-41 was reorganized in Special Design Bureau number 41
(SKB-41)in composition KB-1
in which
A.I. Savin Worked by the head of the department
.
-
From February 1955 He was the deputy chief designer SKB-41
by anti-heart theme.
On the this stage of activity he became oneof managers of creating reactive
Managed Weapon Systems "Comet" class "Air-Sea"
(
together with
Pavel Nikolayevich Kuxenko, Chiefand The main designer
SKB-1and Sergo Lavrentievich Beria
, Deputy Chief Designer SKB-1
)
.
TO mid 1951 all system elements were made and prepared
tol. tactical tests
.
-
From the history of the creation of KS-1 "Comet":
The first flight of the piloted prototype "K" was executed on January 4, 1951
pilot-holder
Amethan Khan Sultan.
First reset prototype from under the media TU-4K. held in May 1951.
Besides
Amethan Khan Sultan In trials Cometa took part
Test pilotsFedor Ivanovich Burtsev,
Sergey Nikolaevich Anhin,
Vasily Georgievich Pavlov and Peter Ivanovich Kazmin.
In total, four copies of the prototype were made to work the rocket:
K-1, K-2, K-3.and K-4..
After the 150 pilot flights in May 1952 were started
Unmanned starts KS-1 From board TU-4K..
On November 21, 1952, the last test launch was held
On the sea polygons, the area of \u200b\u200bFeodosia.
The cruiser was used as a target "Red Caucasus",
which after hitting it Cometabroke in half and sank.
In 1953. System KS-1 "Comet"
was officially adopted
Although the series is launched a year earlier.
From August 1954, tests of this winged rocket in the complex
With aircraft Tu-16x as a carrier.
In 1955, this complex was adopted.
In 1956- 1957, measures were carried out to improve the characteristics of the rocket.
In the first half of the 1960s, replacement was started in operation KS-1 on more
Perfect Types of Rocket KSR-2.and KSR-11.with relevant refinement of missile
Tu-16xto modifications TU-16K-11-16 and TU-16K-16
(Tu-16xR,
Tu-16xR-2
)
.
Last KS-1 It was removed from exploitation in 1969.
-
-
A.I. Savin was also the head of the creation of rocket defense systems
:
Class "Air-Sea" - "K-10", "K-22",
"K-22 psi"; Class "Air-Earth" - "K-20";
class "Air-Air" - "K-5" and its upgrades "K-5M", "K-51", "K-9";
Class "Earth-Sea" - "Arrow";
class "Earth-Earth" - "Meteor", "The Dragon";
class "Sea-Sea" - "P-15".
-
Also team SKB-41
(subsequently, OKB-41)
under leadership
A.I. Savina vidos
Huge contribution
in the creation of a unique multi-electronal unified system of air defense of Moscow introducedin act In 1953.
-
In 1960. A.I. Savin was appointed on the position of the head of special
Design Bureau number 41.
According to the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers, OKB-41 was reoriented
on the space topics and Bailedto Development of unique space systems
and complexes: space System Observationper Watering areas of the World Ocean,
complex of antihosmic defense, space echelon system
Warnings about rocket attack.
-
Development of high-intelligent development technology by that time systems
reactive managed weapons, knowledge and experience, accumulated
Anatoly Ivanovich
and formed by the team, prepared the conditionsfor transitionto creation
Space shock, information managementand Intelligence systems. Firstof they became the system of orbital interception "IP"
(satellite fighter)
, Operation of whichin 1959. was startedin OKB-52.under leadership
Vladimir Nikolayevich Chellaiya.
-
IN framework creation of this system
combat calculations of the Research Test Polygon No. 5 of the USSR Ministry of Defense
(Baikonur cosmodrome)
Functions of prototypes of satellite fighters were carried out - Space
devices "Flight-1"
(
November 1, 1963 )
and "Flight-2"
(
April 12, 1964 )
,
able to carry out multiple maneuversin Cosmos, what Provided
possibility of rapprochement with others spacecraft
.
-
In 1965. Head companyby creation
Satellite fighters
became
OKB-41in Composition KB-1.
Exactlyin this period was most brightly revealed talent
A.I. Savinanot onlyas
designer, but also excellent coherent organizer
significant number of sectoral research institutes,
industrial enterprises, Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSRand Research
institutions of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR.
-
Per short term in our country has created a ground command office management,
developed an instrument of control of the spacecraft-interceptor.
After a number of successful experimentsNovember 1, 1968 for the first timein world
Practice were carried out orbital interception and kinetic defeat
target spacecraft.
IN totalin Test courseby The defeat of space objects was
7 in fact work from Positive results, what confirmed
High tactical and technical characteristics of the system "IP"
(Satellite fighter)
.
In 1973. the system "IP" was adoptedon the Armament, and by 1979 this system was fully upgraded..
In 1983. tests of this systemin The USSR was discontinued by political considerations, but the Complex Complex itself is still
locatedon the battle duty.
-
It should be noted, what in anti-Sexy Defense Areas of the USSRwhile
ahead of the US more thanfor 25 years.
-
-
Complexityand Specificity of development and creating cosmic defense space systems
Appointments predetermined the creation In 1973 on Base of OKB-41 independent
Enterprises - Central Research Institute "Comet".
CEO and General Designer Central Comet
was appointed
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin
.
IN the composition of the Central Committee entered the Mospribor plantand SKB-39, branchesin Yerevan, Ryazan., Leningrad, Kiev, plantsin Alma-Atheand Send wolf., separate divisions
in Moscow region and B. Tbilisi.
_____
......
Since 1979, the Comet Scientific and Production Association, since 1985 - the Central Scientific and Production Association "Comet", since 1999 - FSUE "TsNII" Comet ".
......
In 2004, the company was transferred to Roscosmos.
......
In 2006, the FSUE FSUE "TsNII" Comet "was assigned the status of the Federal Research and Production Center.
......
In 2012, on the basis of the federal state unitary enterprise, the Order of the Labor Red Banner of the Central Research Institute "Comet" (FSUE "TsNII" Comet ") created an open joint-stock company" Corporation of Special Forces Special Forces "Comet"
.
-
Second space system, workover which ended already in TsNII "Comet",
stated
Firstin The world of the All-Year Space Intelligence Systemand
cauldiction
(MKRTS.)
,
called "Legend", the task of which was
Observationper nourishing targetson the all the world's ocean from transfer
Data directly on the groundor ship command points.
IN the framework of this program was tested
spacecraft "Us-A"
(U.gorough FROMtraveler BUTkus- approx.
)
and "Us-P"
(U.gorough FROMtraveler Passisive- approx.
)
from nuclear power plant
,
complexes of special equipment
"Kalchok-B" intendedfor data receiptsO Satellites System
MKRC "Legend" which were equipped with underwater
Project boats 675. and 675MK.
-
-
High Efficiency Surveillance Systemper wheelders of the World Ocean
demonstratedin 1982 in real atmospherein time of Anglo-Argentine
Armed conflictw. Folkland Islands.
She provided operational control and forecasting atmosphere in by the area.
-
-
In 1965, still in OKB-41,under leadership
Anatoly Ivanovich Savina were started
Work
over space system warning about a missile attackin framework
which was created a system for detection of starts of intercontinental
Ballistic missilesby The radiation of the torches of their motor installations.
This big information management system called "OKO"
(
advanced. - ABOUTbning TOosmich ABOUTbeekt)
Required development
and creating a unique spacecraft and command Multifunctional
information management complex, equipped with branched
computing network.
-
For support for the military-industrial commission for Council of Ministers of the USSR
A.I. Savina The decision of the USSR government was initiated
about Parallelization
Research workand sales of basic
Design solutions
(creating a command item
, terrestrial objects
Rocket and Space Complexand etc.)
.
IN This approach was a significant proportion of risk.a, N. The risk was justified -
The time of creating the "OKO" system was reduced.
In 1978. Government tests have been completed, and in 1979 she is
was acceptedon the Armament.
-
-
The development of the "OKO" system was createdin the 1980s space system of early
Detection of starts of intercontinental ballistic missiles "OKO-1"
from airplanes,from terrestrial launchers and S. submarinefor which
The collective of the TsNII "Comet" was developed broadband radio measuring
Managing complex
(Rue), Groundand side controls,
Algorithmicand software.
Head role in Its development belonged to the CNII "Comet"
under leadership
A.I. Savina.
-
After successful completion of the light-design and state tests,
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 25, 1996 System "OKO-1"
from Space devices "Forecast"
(Us-KMO -nutified FROMestimat TOontole
M.oray ABOUTkeanov) Located on the Geostationary Orbit and Western team
The point was acceptedon the armament Armed Forces Russia, and in 2002
in its composition was introduced oriental command post..
All this was created despiteon the collapse of the USSR, contrary to the loss of coordinationfrom
numerous divisionsin former Union Republics and Razm
a huge number of economic couplingth.
-
For decisions of the above tasks Collective OKB-41
(
then - TsNII "Comet"
)
under leadership
Anatoly Ivanovich Savina
conducted unique scientific
research work
by optoelectronics,
informatics, radiophysics,
radio engineering, radioelectronics, in fundamental scientific research
atmosphere, ocean, sushiand near-earth outer space.
Was formulated and implemented on the practice Physical Fundamentals
and identification of small-sized space objectson the Background of various
Education in atmosphere, ocean, on the soucheand B. near-separated outer space. Special place was assigned to researchin informatics fieldsand image processing.
Many of createdunder leadership
A.I. Savina Remote vision systems
underwater scenes
from using optical and radar aerospace
Funds were much ahead of the existing US developmentand other countries.
-
Collective TsNII "Comet"under leadership
A.I. Savina accepted active participation
in
creating a space radio telescope KTR-10 from departed antenna
diameter
10 meters
.
The radio telescope was deliveredon the board of the piloted orbital station "Salute-6"
and was collectedon the board station crew of the 3rd main expedition - astronauts
Vladimir Afanasyevich Lyakhov
and Valery Viktorovich Rumyn
.
After successfully conducted research, cosmonauts
V.A. Lyakhovand V.V. Ryumin Required unplanned output
in Open space for Liberation station docking unitfrom hookedper he after shooting a radio telescope.
-
May 1999 Anatoly Ivanovich Savinwas releasedfrom responsibilities of the General Directorand General Designerand was appointed
on the position of the Scientist FSUE TsNII "Comet".
-
Since May 2004 A.I. Savin he held the position of the general designer of the open
Joint-Stock Company "Concern" PVA Almaz - Antey ""
, and since May 2007 was the supervisor of this enterprise.
-
On the these posts he engaged in the development of global information management
Systems
(Gius).
At the same time, he successfully led workby creating information management
Systemsand B. other spheres, including - creating global monitoring systems
Earth, emergency controls
(Naturaland Technogenic
) Situation.
-
Under leadership
A.I. Savina Concern also engaged in creating modern medical equipment
for {!LANG-d8c144ec8fa4039901c772d7e9b52323!} and {!LANG-4aa406abec3cc579b74dac62dd7bfd08!}.
-
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin{!LANG-1bd86cded7c1d3ee39c12e4c5838ddfe!}
and {!LANG-c87c4bedfbecc89667449700d94f8b93!}.
{!LANG-41e7e5699222bd801caa1425752ddc05!} {!LANG-2f0fe0e503c2db43936b86e8ded258a4!}
-
IN OKB-41
{!LANG-634e0b7de573401c4f35579e187451c1!} {!LANG-27898aabaa8aabdea1a75a32e0443677!} and {!LANG-cb319c1f1e51fd341247f933b3b5cdfc!}
{!LANG-e9b69ccfbac643906eca31630011c4f7!}
{!LANG-0f49ac98c73698ad2d33c9a586c6ccfd!}
by {!LANG-1b5ccd25b87ee1f67412df80bc5f62cc!}
{!LANG-a4de24d2ddfcac11f58ad66c0b447e66!}in {!LANG-2afd426c5d9fade3235730dbca2f4388!}.
-
{!LANG-0dd84795196f4c4ebe1021cbb495cc82!}Anatoly Ivanovich Savin{!LANG-a152a0ac62d6712754f5486dd59c3b4d!}{!LANG-3df1c8865e9fc8d96012eb663647391f!} {!LANG-f847531ca4fe9567a49564f7ce7fd2f5!}in
{!LANG-22ffdf89018b7e51246a3fdd435c8a19!}{!LANG-908b74443f9f577e2adb6f625aa79076!} {!LANG-482110075beb943e7f8f4c5782aade8d!}{!LANG-46cde5ad6764119e6c2d9e5ccafda0f0!} {!LANG-8f17379ef2d1f352064b82dedf3dade3!} on the {!LANG-8c24d6e4f424689209dd42ef8544da18!}
{!LANG-7ccea19c0b14473ac3ec9a4b0cdd8228!}{!LANG-11c88809d19d0447054a9f01fd58914c!} {!LANG-1ea93e8e562e19ede5dd158e66f63948!}
{!LANG-c0b6744363606280b08ebc9921805e46!}.
{!LANG-3325367929c68d08baafa58bb37c1f12!} {!LANG-e9fb02acf78b4dccd1edeb98f2044b1d!}.
A.I. Savina {!LANG-491eb5cb94bfb40be83285a0a8dbfb70!}
and {!LANG-40a90b56f6cc9638df893a6add8fe92d!}.
-
{!LANG-17ad4f9f8f578d0e7f0c40e877485ef9!}
Anatoly Ivanovich Savin{!LANG-460211935734c155a5932bfd9ca59859!}
{!LANG-10edf7dac84972939e4d044ee19a8c31!} {!LANG-87e43af9ef6f076f3105b3b07aa8abc2!}{!LANG-a2400bf21cac5fceb83586a8d6575ec1!}
({!LANG-b461de9c23167d41ff9285ca79f5ccad!})
.
-
{!LANG-4fea791dc35bf37dbc398e4acf2da08c!}
{!LANG-c0176e18a01c96524c4e5e62e1613e2c!}
{!LANG-1c299704d200eea0a20d30da07053702!}
{!LANG-1859acb6ce0b17dd75a3cd6fb3df88cb!},
{!LANG-032ce77d731bae2e4dd4c2c96cc291e9!}{!LANG-7637e39ee8f22069fef0f55caf5cd1ff!}
({!LANG-34429b8a19d3b275b19a8548eb97bfab!}
{!LANG-21f3ac35dfa50799be3906eedb0d4614!}
"
)
.
-
{!LANG-2864e64f434a70b32325474238b471b3!} in {!LANG-eadad0c9d76bb9ddada2dad22e2503fe!}
({!LANG-33ed420ae2d55a53bd3f8dd93799455f!}{!LANG-05af92950ce7d741034b607cfdfc2375!}{!LANG-a0e061d813c04a9abbf8b1560f3f4fd5!}:{!LANG-c69e855f8250e01643c1c2c1d47b1491!} and {!LANG-ee178fc455e61c6ccb38193ea830c039!}by {!LANG-df36e52e9db5ec7420889965c9dc3ceb!}
{!LANG-ff9d94e3f54f05690edb49054a256089!};
{!LANG-755bb06e926948d4dbbbd0f0c29bf95c!}and {!LANG-ba0df3a25f520cd01eb237850a0efa11!} and {!LANG-57e5d62a9c8d3b9c2166bc1e5825ed7a!}
({!LANG-e22486eb2af4c798183c477b0eb1875b!})
.
-
{!LANG-dd9f3629e6f50a1d3c00e87039010fad!}, {!LANG-75acac1d4be6234a3addbe406b1d4e1b!}by {!LANG-eb22c54fb368ab61df3bda37632002a7!}
{!LANG-512978f2c5d1554e882cee6292995e0a!}{!LANG-9cb64ade918ecb0e22a0fc225811b964!} {!LANG-9a4f0fb2b84757061681e62125df9f7c!}{!LANG-897bb068d730dd1ffe313a56a9426ed3!}and {!LANG-54cbd452e71a5d309f9fef508a20cc7f!}
{!LANG-218695cb2a524d411675b5e9bb8dd646!}{!LANG-9cb64ade918ecb0e22a0fc225811b964!} {!LANG-8935b84bc656a8376ab09a057517cd3a!}.
-
{!LANG-c54ef85955a0cbf14fc54714e9d12d47!}:
{!LANG-640a331970ab19f95f0ce8af243851c1!}
{!LANG-3960de79e60526b675ddf1219ecf82b3!} {!LANG-5f3a5f464280f8b367b12db3cfcd01c4!}{!LANG-88c0f64698977065f2137eb0d16ccf02!}
{!LANG-98c8c14b6042f5b614de45dcc8481fb3!}
,
{!LANG-01550af1bc56ca5c1f4fabe12f8529db!}
{!LANG-7d74dc33a1339fca1933e1c49f67444e!} {!LANG-1c46f55eb9f30739a7010ec236ce1d88!}
{!LANG-d8b25e7f9d99e7d3a080c824874f3b87!}
{!LANG-ae56ef8c64a286c6c8fbad7d367bc17f!}
{!LANG-23169228e351865fc26626f200b92354!}:
{!LANG-137d4c8b3f27c162756463a8527ff98f!},
{!LANG-41ff2406f3dfef3d191285a4c413b08a!},
{!LANG-872400d7c46eb2c00e9f97e2f4cc7099!} {!LANG-4579632d4b3a5b78f15ac905b8d40542!};
{!LANG-3de3f9ff73d18de0fe0a4e2f90e8623f!}{!LANG-42d7dfbf8c5392638ac36c0543a43903!} {!LANG-75c45337788f1bd86d7f1bf0c4594cb2!}
,
{!LANG-e08f8e3b92b40220a274a60283983782!}{!LANG-d3a702186c2c136c4029691688e99ee3!}
{!LANG-e33e69bcbfb663e2d1a9d183d9d30cc6!};
{!LANG-a12c098467d70d845b608d17dc19245c!}
,
{!LANG-9373ab347766d191d11c9355e4c23ba2!}
,
{!LANG-12979fbf9cf48cd09e4ec5d82dfe76b4!}
,
{!LANG-a46d46c7e957281dcb5d9298bdfa22ac!}
,
{!LANG-008e34d381ec3533edec345a5c475aa6!}
,{!LANG-efe3aa68c0431312ee81f8dde8f4dfb9!}
{!LANG-e7d28aeb85e23a5b4a1cbf97e024a82b!} {!LANG-9db60dd98766c6bdf0480ce974d8ce34!};
{!LANG-838511169d9237bca4ccdc0de81ae66b!}, {!LANG-70f66a91a8133f42127d342c631a2807!},
{!LANG-872400d7c46eb2c00e9f97e2f4cc7099!} {!LANG-d5556b37efe4a1b72d7960fefd1a510b!};
{!LANG-23598d9c84c9d8aefee6a27561fcf595!}
,
{!LANG-f239495469edb56f20913a3ec34a3a04!}{!LANG-d52d7db4074bf00b30c4d46c0a840880!} {!LANG-886b957dc5af9d450c4c75dd321622a4!}
№ 13
.
-
{!LANG-aa1bf3b8d9d271f12af6e304b38b7583!}
{!LANG-a8f0c7222037e8f9f8c710fe7e7e3150!}.
{!LANG-3296f6d493a8ad8654fa7029454e5cf1!}
{!LANG-4ed614618b4fb276e5968814666115e6!}{!LANG-452e65d246db867db7c6b9a531500ac9!}
{!LANG-a5d397a8c04543c301d4e84ea0257c57!}.
-
{!LANG-d127a8d0430cb380ca91f42e28a077a0!}
{!LANG-aa496a8f722654528eabb652cfddbc50!}
{!LANG-8bd0c6cbe6e2d28a5a2b9c7ba3e3f1f6!}
{!LANG-09b175c40c35050b6956d9c052411a7c!}
{!LANG-3296f6d493a8ad8654fa7029454e5cf1!}
{!LANG-770df77b4269b765e695d4ab8738b837!}
.
(
{!LANG-020e2527efce79c6c72c6c5c6bb7a75e!}
{!LANG-cb17700baadf2393677ccbb62f5134fe!}
- approx.
)
.
-
{!LANG-9d313036a037c9094c9232ce824a66b1!}
{!LANG-1e26b2141fdd40f13ecdac139c0f7f73!}.
{!LANG-91bd8af063443e0cf7a5018be251feb5!}
{!LANG-3296f6d493a8ad8654fa7029454e5cf1!}
{!LANG-4ed614618b4fb276e5968814666115e6!}{!LANG-b31138e2bab9e2f20b74dfa16a5365c6!}
{!LANG-154c25545bfcd9c392aed1e129e59cb2!}.
-
{!LANG-2dea535dd6a8f85bdbccc81a5e29c4e6!}
{!LANG-ccc14bdad1a7f44d5800437f6c7275a2!}
{!LANG-a8e39822130888b2307dd78243143685!}
{!LANG-2fd12caa088d8e48bb54db7fbccf061b!}
{!LANG-e0c1b8524b2da2eab7a2ea1574cc74de!}
{!LANG-9f13667533f86883f1db24e2a9a3e9d5!}
{!LANG-bdc370ef36b720550f4d2c93705e4dfa!}
{!LANG-99630dfcabd8a0c34c6498dbd4160129!}
{!LANG-05ef2d0901b8dbda1f8025acf23c0e41!}
.
-
{!LANG-f2d4e7218cd67dd8f1563fcfdbcd467c!}
{!LANG-738a8af19ce0959bb22182a2d74c615c!}
{!LANG-b1f8b96f0b00578037c46b43acac1134!}{!LANG-575056226f7934e81c4ff99d39de0750!}
{!LANG-e1c62b75bb825f830a9e4f7d79c1244e!}{!LANG-50f761931d531e7e1a143d6a9f7d8565!}
{!LANG-43faa70e2c5b906aa8d2c3584121d671!}
.
{!LANG-d314477207df98b70534f68e732489b3!}{!LANG-ad3816848a25bc3e61215e95963051f0!} {!LANG-2f286d2c576168028a5b13df12843888!}
{!LANG-5019b83f49e3d6e97708a435a8f87d26!}
{!LANG-0407f93d642c4349aaf560037338096f!}
{!LANG-cf9ff627674b297a041dbb158d9875c5!}
{!LANG-3296f6d493a8ad8654fa7029454e5cf1!}
{!LANG-4ed614618b4fb276e5968814666115e6!}{!LANG-eaaec8595d84f5708ce884307265544b!}
{!LANG-154c25545bfcd9c392aed1e129e59cb2!}.
-
{!LANG-a210a563307d1227647571e04ac73856!}
{!LANG-56259b2604695d2435f82b4e2be7bda2!}
{!LANG-8d799d3afa564f4a59ca04aec0bd7b83!}{!LANG-50fb921c9773b4b25f6544efe31959aa!}
{!LANG-e45f44868a5c332358dc3f17b6ade1e3!}{!LANG-12979fbf9cf48cd09e4ec5d82dfe76b4!}{!LANG-aea05b008dd90f767e8fe2559805acc1!}
{!LANG-a5a3171dd5ef4b80183b71a113058c41!}
(№ 425025
)
{!LANG-7896b7e6b8b6e3f06cfa5e1e8f1e6b24!}(№
17884
)
.
-
{!LANG-49c55e52e690addf0d110dab96b1d91f!}
{!LANG-2753bdab404bde9113ad5fb61313bbdd!}
, {!LANG-89b7fab1a509dc6f65b25e75339b2fa0!}
{!LANG-c967ef22b6bcb3583d6e7854dfcf84b5!}
{!LANG-e04ef858f13f1fc7861afdba3b39e6fc!}{!LANG-3a51d681e0e7e85db85cfb2b2c76d365!}
{!LANG-fe243dd650ccc97968e6060958dbbf75!}{!LANG-0eee4e16aedb53bb7b2adafc080608d5!}
{!LANG-67857084ae3d90d037f688ef0a8a9ffb!}.
-
{!LANG-a2be5a0521f60cab5e8422d7f1ce548e!}
{!LANG-75a999a9832cdfef6c1b1cb2eb97b576!}
{!LANG-778e6b53424eadae32edcf8e426e220f!}{!LANG-2aa835f1c5f73b446beb862cdf10759a!}
{!LANG-c3c44735c742ef4e99312a2b6e7b7bd2!}
{!LANG-c5b947035ec3ec76be2b08b066da5887!}{!LANG-c879e70a557b933a8f3d17957910700f!}{!LANG-bdc370ef36b720550f4d2c93705e4dfa!}
{!LANG-29d3b5f0e76f72716253c3a135f4f0b0!}
.
-
{!LANG-c0317c78438cfbc46390f8fefe71f2ac!}
{!LANG-60c238747d0b087c2e58e02adc1966fa!}
{!LANG-8f8a4f957e7605fa6c0a9cae27a08e1f!}{!LANG-c6b8167374b0103dc836f1c4080fcead!} {!LANG-2a72fb63fbfffebeaf85851cecf5a1c4!}{!LANG-a4482867e533571a52040e572d293b9c!}
,
{!LANG-7f654fa84a3a065d3d8699eb39b74d79!}
{!LANG-12979fbf9cf48cd09e4ec5d82dfe76b4!}
{!LANG-963a66ab437d5d3a83e798bfdf8e18ce!}.
-
{!LANG-5290fec05bb73c197dc251370e23c9dd!}{!LANG-cac5a7d89465bf7941654f2acd5f1435!}
{!LANG-64af17ff0ab408b5310e0c160e9d1578!}
{!LANG-f87c6f3f80645cfaf9180395ab127050!}
{!LANG-2b09bc6324f6414c19255de75bfaf16d!} {!LANG-331b03824722f4dd6c8943124a361d8e!}{!LANG-ff77c38fd6c43c44c1f0d49fff90ad17!}
{!LANG-00d655ce5c92fbfb45580b017fbe439a!}
.
-
{!LANG-033d0e42865dd8c0d61ec0c893ab867e!}
{!LANG-9f6ad04a06e7b7e1ce2bafaf8c9aa0af!}, {!LANG-4cb0a88928c4167fae7bdabbe2048134!}
{!LANG-2da5be2e058670d70ec5620d0874dd10!}
{!LANG-ea7372c0f09ed20b5eaa327a9457f731!}
{!LANG-7b3b9f4d64b9c0b6f78cede51e53d765!}, {!LANG-9827168de42035de9c9b909f3c4bc6c7!}
{!LANG-01e66a9e5b332f4a584aa5bdd64162c1!}
{!LANG-03136cb3f13410b83015385c29207ca6!}
{!LANG-fe243dd650ccc97968e6060958dbbf75!}{!LANG-0eee4e16aedb53bb7b2adafc080608d5!}{!LANG-9426e777195065964b72429b8e5e0810!}
{!LANG-b4a56c79ee663fc9779c8c1b9b6e72fd!}.
-
-
{!LANG-1b9fee1ecb34350fc8f6fd5a6d6d315d!},
{!LANG-98cba4b5bdde8bbce8da41a7add85528!}
{!LANG-e2d25f4410c561d636c94e64c3f34351!},
{!LANG-00f44d05dacd0a230c439c9942a6001b!}
(
{!LANG-da22c9665eae8041b4a5b04984ac2ff6!},
{!LANG-d915536acfea48c6fcb53c6916aa80eb!}
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Anatoly Ivanovich Savin{!LANG-c5b5c8cef89e5380f956728910c00459!}
{!LANG-da3e4d96aff37177e0efc6be7c307687!}
(05.01.
1944
, 29.10. 1949
)
,
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(18.11.
1944
)
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