Natural stimulants of the nervous system are. Stimulators

According to doctors, the deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the body is a generally accepted problem of people of modern society. Unfortunately, almost all people have a lack of micronucleicism due to the fact that simple fast food cannot provide a person with all the necessary substances and trace elements.

Preparations (Mineral Vitamin Complexes), Energy Charge

The only way to fill their drawback is the use of biologically active additives, adaptogens, nootrops and other pills for cheerfulness and energy:

Vitus Energia

Tablets for cheerfulness and energy that increase performance. Combine a number of substances needed for the body: Taurine, inositol, hooding of guarana, succinic acid, caffeine, vitamin B1, B6 and cyanocobalamin.

These substances in aggregate have an exciting effect on the human body, filling it with forces. After applying the drug, a person feels energetically and more active.

This article will consider the most effective pills for cheerfulness and energy.

Vitamins Alphabet Energy

A complex of vitamins intended for people with a depleted organism. The composition includes components with a daily dose: vitamins A, B5, B12, D, K, Iron, copper, manganese, iodine, chrome. The content of vitamin B1, B2, B6, B9, C, E, RR exceeds the daily rate.

It is not recommended to use this drug in connection with the threat of hypervitaminosis. It is prescribed in severe cases with strong stress and loads. Packaging are 3 plates with tablets of different colors:

yellow Tablet for cheerfulness and energy, so taken for breakfast;
orange affects the metabolism and use it is needed at lunch;
green It acts like sedative, so it follows it in the evening.

For 1 day it is necessary to take 1 tablet from each plate at the intervals of 4-5 hours. Together, it is impossible to take them, since there are combined vitamins in each pill. Due to 3, the possibility of the appearance of an allergic reaction is excluded. Price - 350 p.

Duovit Energy

Means for raising the tone in the body. It contains an extract from ginseng root, vitamin A, C, E, B1, B2, B6, B12, D, Nicotinamide, pantothenic and folic acid, zinc sulfate and copper.

The drug restores the energy reserves of the body, improves well-being, gives force for active activities in conditions of increased stress. Take vitamins you need from morning during the meal of 1 tablet for 1 or 2 months. Price - 380 p.

Doppelgers Energotonik

The creators of the unique formula of the drug are German pharmacists. The composition includes: vitamin B1, B2, B5, B6, B12, P, RR, folic acid, iron-free circuit, sodium glycera phosphate, copper sulfate, manganese sulfate, choline citrate.

Pills for cheerfulness and energy are perfectly restored by the body after operations, diseases and consequences of monotonous power.

Also, the drug helps to cope with severe intellectual and physical exertion, improve labor productivity. The method of use: 1 tbsp. l. (20 ml) After receiving food 3 or 4 times a day. Price - 460 p.

Vitrum Energy

Multivitamin complex, raising the body's tone. Contains Vitamin A, B1, B2, B6, B12, C, E, K, Folic and Pantothenic Acid, Bor, Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine, Iodine, Copper, Magnesium, Zinc, Selenium, Nickel, Silicon, Tin, Ginseng Hood .

The drug activates the immune forces of the body, favorably affects the heart and vesselsIt helps the restoration of nerve cells and helps to withstand strong stress and physical exertion. Take the remedy in the morning after eating 1 time per day 1 pcs. up to 2 months. Price (60 Table) - 1100 p.

Dynaman

Tooling agent for the body. The composition includes: Vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B12, C, D3, E, Glutamine, Arginine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, iodine, zinc and ginseng extract.

Tablets for cheerfulness and activity recommend taking with defective nutrition (diet), reduced sexual activation, dependence on smoking, postoperative period, maintaining a depleted organism from mental and physical exertion. Take the remedy you need from morning to 1 pc. 1 per day. Price - 500 p.

Vegetable adaptogens

Adaptogens are a group of medicinal plants that helps a person to support his energy level, which allows the mechanical, physical and psychogenic factor to prevent mechanical, physical and psychogenic factor.

Adaptogens are often prescribed in the offseason course to 2 months to prevent sharp respiratory and chronic diseases.

The most common adaptogen experts include such vegetable products.

Marala Root (Levsay)

Due to the large number of anthocyanions, alkaloids, provitamin A, vitamin C plant has a tonic, pacemifurative effect. It is used to improve performance, concentration of attention, endurance, potency.

It is impossible to use those who suffer from heart failure and increased blood pressure.

Bear root (penny or red root)

It is anti-inflammatory, antitumor, hemostatic, diuretic. Effective in prostate, prostate adenoma, reduced immunite, uterine bleeding, cystitis, jade, ultimate omit, diseases of dairy glazes.

Bear root - Vegetable tool for cheerfulness and energy

Used in the form of tincture. Its composition: 10 g root and 100 g of vodka. Appointed courses and applied in drops in small doses. A tincture of red root takes 3-5 ml 3 times a day to 1 month. The price depends on the form of release, average from 70 to 400 p.

Rhodiola pink

This tool allows you to restore the body after long-term diseases, physical overwork. Also has a healing gynecological effect: increases the possibility of conception when infertility and raises the hormonal background. It has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Rhodiola pink

Helps with any sharp chronic diseases. Apply a tincture of a rhodium pink during chemotherapy because it allows the body to transfer this process much easier. The composition of the tincture: vodka and rhodium rose plant. Affects male strength, increasing potency. Dosage of the drug determines the doctor. Price - 35 p.

Interesting fact! Before people discovered adaptogens, they watched animals that were actively using them.

Marali Root used Maral during the marriage period. With minimal amount of food, they spent very little energy. And the bear root dug out exhausted bears after the hibernation for the restoration of forces.

A growth hormone

Hormone growth or somatotropin is produced by the front fraction of the pituitary gland. Affects all cells of the body, enhances protein synthesis. It affects the cardiovascular system, the musculoskeletal system, the nervous and hormonal system.

It has been established that under the action of growth hormone improves the condition of the skin, bone and cartilage tissue. Reduces the amount of cholesterol in the blood, contributes to the splitting of adipose tissue and muscle buildup. With age, its content in the body decreases, starting from 25 years.

Factors affecting the production of growth hormone:

sleep. Growth hormone peak comes from the first hours after falling asleep;
physical exercise. Power loads also increase the production of this hormone;
starvation. No food before the day leads to an increase in growth hormone;
food. Products containing growth hormone releases stimulate its production.

Releases include amino acids: arginine, ornithine, glutamine. These substances are in large quantities of food and affect the production of growth hormone as well as medications.

When eating food containing these amino acids, their level in the body begins to rise very slowly.

If applying amino acids in pure form, then their level will increase dramatically. There are medical facilities, in which the growth hormone itself is located, for example, Jinthropin.

It includes somatotropin, mannitol, glycine, sodium dihydrophosphate. It has a large number of side effects. Jinthropine is produced in injections, which are administered 1 time per day. Use is permitted only under the control of the doctor.

Important to remember! The continuous reception of growth hormone releases for 4 weeks is addressed, which reduces their effect on the body. It is necessary to take breaks.

Preparations increase mental performance

PiRsetam

PiRsetam - This is a psychotropic drug (nootrop), which activates the nervous system, strengthens and reassures nerve cells, improving their metabolism. Contains piracetam, pose, magnesium carbonate, calcium stearate. Produced in the form of injections and tablets.

It is used for replacement therapy in psychiatry and neurology. The drug is prescribed in the morning and day until 16:00 because it increases efficiency and activity. The duration of treatment with injections is determined by the doctor, as a rule, their number does not exceed 20. The course of treatment with pills up to 4 months.

Deanola Acegelumat

Deanola Acegelumat - This is a nootropic, antidepressive drug reducing mental activity that improves the concentration of attention and memory. The composition includes deanola acegelumat, N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid. Apply the drug should be inside 1 g 2 times a day in the morning and daytime over 2 months. Price - 400 p.

Picikalon

Picikalon - nootropic drug. It is assigned to people with depression, a violation of cerebral circulation, as well as after injury and strokes. Increases the concentration of attention, improves brain activity and memory.

The composition includes gamma-amine-oil and nicotinic acid. It is not recommended to take more than 2 months. Dosage 20-30 mg 3 times a day. Price - 120 p.

Calcium Gopanenate

Calcium Hopanthenate is a nootropic drug that affects the concentration of attention, learning, memory and helping to overcome psycho-emotional overload.

Apply after crank-brain injuries. Contains calcium Hopanthenate, magnesium carbonate, calcium stearate. It is produced in the form of tablets. Method of application: 0.25 - 1 g 3 times a day for 1-4 months. Price - 250 r.

Phenotropyl

Phenotropyl (phenylpiracetam) is a nootropic drug that allows you to cope with stress and increase the efficiency of the body. The drug is so powerful that its action is 60 times stronger than piracetam.

Also, the phenotropyl suppresses a sense of hunger, so it is prescribed during obesity. Reception duration up to 3 months, nootropic effect occurs after 2 weeks of treatment. The composition includes phenotropyl, lactose monohydrate, calcium stearate. Price - 450 p.

Dosage of the drug:

Be careful! The phenotropyl is submitted to the list of doping because the effect of the drug is similar to the amphetamine effect. Tonus and energy tablets increase the production of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.

These neurotransmitters cause vigor and a good mood, but with prolonged use, their development depletes the nervous system.

Preparations enhancing physical performance

Acetylaminantic acid

Acetylaminantic acid (succinic acid) is an anti-asthenic, a general connoistent agent with a nootropic effect. Prescribed with neurosis, depression, increased fatigue.

The drug is a strong antioxidant, rejuvenating the body. The composition is acetylaminantic acid. Apply succinic acid for 1-3 tablets. Price - 30 p.

Tablets for cheerfulness and energy on so much harmless that they can be taken for a long time without health consequences.

Melatonin

Melatonin is a drug containing a hormone of sleep (melatonin). He raises immunity, helps to cope with depression and stress. Studies have shown that the drug increases life expectancy by 20%.

Melatonin is an antioxidant, reduces the risk of cancer tumors, blocking the division of malignant cells. Prescribe people with impaired melatonin synthesis. As a rule, these are people aged in which it is produced in smaller quantities.

Recommended people with insomnia, old age, as well as people who often change time zones. When changing 2 time zones you need to take 1 tablet, and when changing 4 time zones - 2 tablets. In other diseases, the dosage of the drug determines the doctor.

The composition includes melatonin, calcium phosphate, sodium crossarmellosis, magnesium stearate, stearic acid. Price - 800 p.

Note! More efficient drug in capsules. When taking tablets, a certain amount of this substance under the action of the gastric juice disintegrates. Capsules dissolve only in the intestine in an alkaline medium and melatonin is not destroyed.

Calcium gliderophosphate

Calcium glycertosphate is a drug compensating calcium in the body. Activates performance and has a well-fastened effect. Contains calcium gliderophosphate, calcium stearate. You need to take after eating 2 tablets 2 times a day duration up to 4 weeks. Price - 100 p.

Pantokrin

Pantokrin is a biologically active agent that is based on deer horns. Contains many amino acids (alanine, histidine, proline, glycine, leucine, threonine, tryptophan, cystin, lysine, valine), lipoids and trace elements.

Tablets for cheerfulness and energy stimulate central and peripheral systems, affect the renewal of the cell composition of the body. This drug allows the body to increase the resistance to various stimuli.

Used in overwork, chronic fatigue, reduced pressure, neurosis, asthenia, anemia. It is prescribed in the postoperative period. The tincture is taken before eating from 20 to 40 drops on ½ cup of water 2-3 times a day, tablets 1-2 pcs. 2-3 times a day for 4 weeks. Price - 400 p.

Alcoholic tinctures Ginseng and Eleutherococcus

Alcohol tinctures ginseng and eleutherococcus. Ginseng tincture has an adaptogenic effect, activates the nervous system, metabolism and reduces overwork. Used 20-25 drops 2-3 times a day for 30 days. Price - 60 p.

The eleutherococcus tincture has an adaptogenic effect, stimulates the CNS, increases physical and intellectual activity, preventing overwork. Composition: Eleuterococcus Extract, Alcohol. It should be used for 20-40 drops 2-3 times a day for a month. Price - 60 p.

Tablets, tinctures and injections for cheerfulness and energy are able to help a person improve the general physical condition and cope with many problems. It is important to choose the drug correctly, given its side effects and features of his body.

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Stimulants of the central nervous system

Introduction

Stimulants are conventionally divided into 4 large groups:

1. Psychostimulators:

a) Psychomotor:

Fenamine;

Sydanokarb.

b) Psycho-timber (nootropics):

Nootropyl (piracetam);

Cerebricsin;

Gamalon, etc.

2. Analetics:

a) direct action:

BEMEGRID;

Etimizole, etc.

b) reflexive action:

Cytionth and others.

c) mixed action:

Cordiamin et al.

3. Spinal brain stimulants:

Strychnine;

Securehenine et al.

4. Enculsive means (adaptogens):

a) plant origin:

Preparations of ginseng, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Golden Root, Maral Root, Balm Bittner, etc.

b) animal origin:

Pantokrin et al.

Psychostimulants and nootropics

Psychostimulators. Psychostimulants (or psychotonic, psychoanlets, psychomotor stimulants) increase the mood, the ability to perceive external irritation, psychomotor activity. They reduce the feeling of fatigue, increase physical and mental performance (especially in tensile), temporarily reduce the need for a dream (funds swinging the tired organism, got the name "Doping" - from English to Dope - Giving drugs).

Unlike means of oppressing CNS, stimulants are less important, as they are devoid of selectivity. In addition, the stimulation of the CNS is accompanied by its subsequent oppression.

Classification of psychostimulators.

1) means acting directly to the CNS:

a) stimulating mainly bark of brain (xanthine alkaloids, fenamine, sedanokarb, methylphenamine, meridol, etc.);

b) stimulating predominantly oblong brain (bark<зол, кордиамин, бемегрид, камфора, двуокись углерода);

c) stimulating predominantly spinal cord (Strichnin).

2) means acting on the CNS reflex (Lobelin, Veratrum, Nicotine).

It should be remembered that such a division is conditionally and when used in large doses, they can stimulate the CNS as a whole.

A typical representative of psychostimulants is a fenamine (amphetamine sulfate; Table 0, 005; drops in the nose, in the eye 1% rr). It is chemically phenylalkylamine, that is, similar to the structure of adrenaline and norepinenguine.

Mechanism of action It is associated with the ability to dismiss from the presopreptic endings of norepinephrine and dopamine. In addition, the fenamine reduces the reverse seizure of norepinephrine and dopamine.

Fenamine stimulates the ascending activating reticular formation of the brain barrel.

Pharmacological effects. Influence on CNS.. Powerful CNS stimulator. It increases mental and physical performance, improves the mood, causes Euphoria, insomnia, tremor, anxiety. In therapeutic doses, it has an awakening effect, eliminates fatigue, increases physical possibilities. Stimulates the respiratory center and in this plan acts as an analeptic.

Impact on the cardiovascular system. Enhances both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In relation to the hypertensive effect of the phenamine, tachofilaxia is known.

Smooth muscles. The fenamine increases the tone of the bladder sphinctor and relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, but only at high doses. Fenamine reduces appetite (on the hypothalamus), has some anticonvulsant action (with Petit Mal).

Adverse reactions. An undesirable effect is to stimulate the sympathetic department of the nervous system (tachycardia, anxiety, headache, tremor, excitation, confusion of consciousness, paranoid psychosis, attacks of angina).

The drug causes medicinal dependence, mostly mental, cumulatives. Tolerance may develop.

Indications for use:

1) neurotic subdepress;

2) during narcolepsy, during catalepsy, to prevent pathological drowsiness (narcolepsy);

3) obesity;

4) as an analeptic in poisoning drugs of narcotic analgesics.

Similar to the fenamine is the effect on the effect on the CNS pyridol and meridol. They do not have unwanted peripheral adrenomimetic effects.

In addition to the phenyamine, the group of phenylalkilsindnonimins also includes the active psychosulatory agent of the Synokarb (mesocarb). This is the original domestic drug, somewhat different in the chemical structure from the phenamine. In Russia's clinics, Sidnokarb currently is a major psychostimulator. Compared to the phenamine, it is significantly less toxic and does not exhibit expressed peripheral sympathomimetic influence. The psychostimulating effect develops gradually, but it is longer, is not accompanied by euphoria and motor excitation. As a rule, there are no tachycardia and a sharp increase in hell. After the preparation of the drug, the patient does not experience overall weakness and drowsiness. The drug is used with different types of asthenia that occur with inhibitory and lethargy, with apathy, decrease in performance, hypochondriance, increased drowsiness. Psychostimulator Nootrop Analeptic Communication

The drug is used as a psychostimulator with asthenic and neurasthenic disorders in patients undergoing intoxication, infection and brain injuries, with some forms of psychosis.

In addition, Sidnokarb is used to relieve asthenic manifestations after using neuroleptics, tranquilizers, as well as in the treatment of patients with alcoholism (the relief of asthenonevrotic reactions during the "exclusion of alcohol" period, to reduce the phenomenon of abstinence).

Sidnokarb is also used in the treatment of children with oligophrenia, accompanied by adamasses, aspotation, lethargy, intensity, asthenia.

Side effects. In case of overdose, increased irritability, anxiety, decreased appetite is possible. In patients with psychosis, it is possible to strengthen nonsense and hallucinations. Sometimes there is a moderate rise of blood pressure.

The drug is produced in tablets of 0, 005; 0, 01; 0, 025.

The industry also produces a combined preparation of Sydnoglutu containing 0, 025 of the sedokarba and 0, 1 glutamic acid. The latter will potentiate the psychostimulating effect of the Synokarba.

Xanthine alkaloids and caffeine

Ksantin alkaloids (MetalSantines derivatives; MetalSantines), whose typical representative of whom is caffeine, belongs to the means of stimulating predominantly bark.

Xanthine alkaloids are found in several plants growing throughout the world. In these plants, three natural xanthine alkaloids were found: caffeine, theobromin, theophylline, which are purin bases. When heated with nitric acid, they form a yellow precipitate, from where the term xanthines occurred (Greek. - Xanthos - yellow). Caffeine is contained in the tea leaves (Thea Sinensis - 2%), in Coffee Seeds (Coffea Arabica - 1-2%), in Cocoa Seeds, etc.

Pharmacological effects. The most pronounced effect on the CNS is caffeine, followed by theophylline and theobromin. The effect of caffeine on the highest nervous activity depends on the dose and type of nervous system. In small doses, caffeine increases the activity of the bark, in large - inhibits it. In small doses, it contributes to the acceleration of the thinking process and makes it clearer, makes clarity into the course of thoughts, reduces drowsiness, fatigue and gives the ability to perform intellectually complex tasks. It reduces the reaction time, increases motor activity and enshrines conditional reflexes. These effects can be observed after 1-2 cups of coffee. One cup contains about 1500 mg of caffeine.

Higher doses cause increased excitability, confusion of thoughts, insomnia, headache, tremor. Theophylline in large doses may cause even convulsions.

Medulla. High doses directly stimulate the respiratory, vasomotor centers and the center of the wandering nerve. This leads to strengthening breathing (increase and deepening), an increase in blood pressure, tachycardia. True, tachycardia and arrhythmias arise in large doses, that is, its peripheral action prevails (cardiac output increases).

Spinal cord. Very large doses increase the reflex excitability of the spinal cord and can lead to clonic cramps.

Blood vessels. Motropino acts on the circulatory vessels of xanthines, but this is a vasodilant action briefly. It cannot be used to treat peripheral vessel diseases.

Xanthines have an ambiguous effect on different vascular regions. The latter helps for migraine. Caffeine has a weak myotropic antispasmodic effect on smooth muscle organs (bronchi, gallways). It is of great importance for the clinic. It has long been known that theophylline eliminates bronchospasm with anaphylactic shock, stimulates skeletal muscles, increases metabolism in them, eliminates their fatigue.

Caffeine enhances the main exchange. Increases glycogenolysis, causing hyperglycemia. Increases lipolysis, relieves adrenaline from the brain layer of adrenal glands.

Diuresis. Xanthines increase durez. The very strong in this regard is theophylline, then theobromin and caffeine.

Xanthines increase the volume, acidity and content of pepsin in gastric juice.

Mechanism of action associated with two directions:

1) xanthines inhibit the cyclic nucleotid phosphodiestrase and warn the transition of the CAMF in 5-AMP;

2) cause changes in calcium distribution at the level of intracellular processes.

Adverse reactions:

1) confusion, tremor, headache, insomnia. Ringing in ears, headache, tachycardia, shortness of breath, arrhythmia. With these reactions, it is necessary to assign sedatives.

2) xanthines are rotative to patients with ulcerative disease and gastritis.

3) Ksanthinum develops addiction, to a greater degree - mental dependence, which, however, is not hazardous.

Indications for use. To stimulate mental activity. In total, in the presence of symptoms of asthenia, with migraines, hypotension. With scattle, violation of attention, fatigue.

Caffeine is part of many combined drugs with non-nucleic and narcotic analgesics: Citramon, Panadol Extra, Salpadeev, as well as with alkaloids.

Nootropics, Nootropic

The term is formed from Greek - Noos - thinking, Tropos is a desire, affinity. Means that have a special effect on the highest integrative functions of the brain, stimulating memory, training that improve mental activity.

Improving mental, mental activity is the main effect of this group of funds. This manifests itself with mental insufficiency associated with organic brain lesions.

Mechanisms of action of nootropic drugs on the neurophysiological level: the effect on the transcanal and other types of polysinapotically caused by the potentials registered on the EEG.

The focus of the action of nootropic drugs testifies to their pronounced effect on the integrative activity of the brain and the processes of information transfer in the brain. Probably, under the action of nootropics, it comes to a setting of the aunt-rhythm of various formations of the brain and information transmission processes in the brain. At the heart of the ability of nootropic means to improve the learning and memory processes lies with the process of increasing the level of spatial synchronization of brain biopotentials.

It should be noted that these drugs do not affect the highest nervous system of healthy animals and psyche. They normally do not change many behavioral reactions, conditioned reflexes, bioelectric activity of the brain, motor activity.

The basis of the pharmacotherapeutic effect of nootropics at the molecular level in the context of pathology is a favorable effect on neurometabolism and the energy of the brain. Therefore, this group of drugs is also called psychometable stimulants. The main nootropic agents used in practice mimic metabolic effects - amine oil acid (gamc).

The first drug synthesized abroad in the late 60s in the research laboratory of the company UCB (Belgium) was named Nootropyl. In our country there is an analogue - piracetam (piracetamum; in table. 0, 2; in AMP. 20% solution of 5 ml; capsules - 0, 4). It is a classic nootropic agent, so used by doctors of various specialties most often.

Pharmacological effects. Piracetam (nootropyl) is a cyclic derivative of GABC. Nootropics improve the metabolism of brain cells and, above all, the metabolism in them glucose, oxygen, increase the stability of cells to hypoxia, improve the blood supply to the brain, the connection between the hemispheres. Nootropics increase memory, reduce fatigue. But the effects are manifested gradually, not immediately after reception. Piracetam has anticonvulsant activity, and in recent years its immunomodulatory effects, immunopotentifying effects, is also described.

Indications for use:

Under states after concussion;

In children mentally retarded, with varying degrees of oligophrenia; in children with memory violation, attention, speech;

Old men, elderly, in geriatria to improve memory, mood;

In chronic treatment of drug addicts, alcoholics;

In patients after stroke;

Nootropics are shown at Enuresya in young children.

In addition, prescribed to potentiate immunostimulators effects.

Aminalon is a drug GABA. Get synthetic. GABA - brake mediator playing an important role in the exchange processes of nervous tissue. The drug stimulates fabric respiration, activates the krebs cycle enzymes, improves glucose neuron recycling.

Indications for use: Vascular diseases of the brain, mental retardation in children.

Side Effects of Nootropov: Brain Stimulation can lead to irritability, sleep impaired, eloquent, concern in children, increase hell, sexual excitability. Therefore, they are used by courses (for 2-3 weeks).

In recent years, a group of nootropic means has expanded significantly. This is the Hungarian Preparation of Cavinton (Gedeon Rihter), Cerebrolyzin, etc.

Cavinton (Table 0, 005; AMP 0, 5% solution of 2 ml). The ethyl ester of the apovinkic acid (the alkaloid alkaloid alkalida).

Cavinton provides the following effects:

1) expands brain vessels;

2) enhances cerebral blood flow, improves the blood supply of the brain with oxygen;

3) improves the utilization of glucose with neurons, contributes to the accumulation of CAMF, ATP;

4) reduces platelet aggregation;

5) increases the content of catecholamines in the CNS.

It is used primarily in neurology with:

1) neurological and mental disorders associated with brainwater disorders (stroke, injury, sclerosis);

2) memory disorders;

3) dizziness;

4) aphasias;

5) hypertensive encephalopathy;

6) atherosclerosis of retinal vessels, i.e. in ophthalmology, etc.;

7) lowering the hearing of toxic genesis.

Analyptic tools (analeptics)

Under anallertic means (from Greek Analeptikos - regenerating, firming) imply a group of drugs exciting primarily the vitality of the oblong brain - vascular and respiratory centers. In large doses, these funds can excite the engine zones of the brain and cause convulsions.

In therapeutic doses, analeptics are used in the weakening of the vascular tone, in the oppression of breathing, with infectious diseases, in the postoperative period, etc.

Currently, the alerting group on the localization of action can be divided into three subgroups:

1) Preparations directly, directly activating (reviving) respiratory center:

BEMEGRID;

Etimisole.

2) Means, reflexively stimulating respiratory center:

Cytithon;

Lobelin.

3) Means of a mixed type of action, possessing and direct, and reflexive effects:

Cordiamine;

Camphor;

Cozol;

Carbon dioxide.

Bemegridum; in AMP. 10 ml of 0, 5% solution) is a specific barbiturate antagonist and has a "reviving" effect of intoxication caused by the drugs of this group. The drug reduces the toxicity of barbiturates, relieves the oppression of respiration and blood circulation. The drug also stimulates the CNS, so it is effective not only in barbiturate poisoning.

Bemegride is used in acute poisoning of barbiturates to restore respiration at the outlet of the anesthesia (ether, fluorotan, etc.), to remove the patient from severe hypoxic state. We introduce the drug intravenously, slowly until the restoration of breathing, hell, pulse.

Side effects: nausea, vomiting, cramps.

In a number of anallets of direct action, the drug is the drug etamisole.

Etimisole (Aethimizolum; in Table. 0, 1; in AMP. 3 and 5 ml of 1% solution). The drug activates the reticular formation of the brain stem, increases the activity of the neurons of the respiratory center, enhances the adrenocorticotropic function of the pituitary. The latter leads to the emission of additional portions of glucocorticoids. At the same time, the drug is distinguished by the drug with a slight inhibiting influence on the bark of the brain (sedative effect), improves short-term memory, contributes to mental work. Due to the fact that the drug contributes to the emission of glucocorticoid hormones, it reaches an anti-inflammatory effect.

Indications for use. Etimisole is used as an analeptic, respiratory stimulator with morphine poisoning, non-nucleic analgesics, in the restorative period after anesthesia, with lung atelectase. In psychiatry, its sedative action is used under alarm states. Considering its anti-inflammatory effect, prescribed for the treatment of patients with polyarthritis and bronchial asthma, as well as as an antiallergic agent.

Side effects: Nausea, dyspepsia.

Reflexary active stimulants are H-cholinomimetics. These are drugs Cytion and Lobelin. They excite n-cholinoreceptors of the synolocarotide zone, from where the afferent impulses come into an oblong brain, thereby increasing the activity of the neurons of the respiratory center. These funds act briefly within a few minutes. Clinically, the increase and deepening breathing, an increase in blood pressure. Preparations are administered only intravenously. Used in the only indication - in charge of carbon monoxide.

In the means of a mixed type of action, the central effect (direct excitation of the respiratory center) is complemented by the stimulating effect on the carotid glider chemoreceptors (reflex component). This is as indicated above, Cordiamine and carbon dioxide. In medical practice, carbogen is used: a mixture of gas - carbon dioxide (5-7%) and oxygen (93-95%). Prescribed in the form of inhalations that increase the volume of breathing 5-8 times.

Carbgen is used in overdose of common anesthetics, carbon monoxide poisoning, during the asphyxia of newborns.

As a stimulator of respiration, the drug Cordiamin is a non-shamened drug (discharged as an official, but representing a 25% solution of nicotine acid diethylamide). The effect of the drug is implemented by stimulation of respiratory and vascular centers.

Prescribed in heart failure, with shock, asphyxia, intoxication.

Preparations that are stimulating the participatory spinal cord functions

In this group, two drugs are used in a substantive: Strichnin and Securine.

Strichnin (strichninum; powder; in AMP. 1 ml 0, 1% solution) is the chief alcoholoid chiliboch seed (vomit).

In medical practice, a nitric acid salt is applied - Strichnina Nitrate.

In addition to strikhnin, chilibuhi extract is also used and chilibuhi tincture.

Strychnine and other chilibuhi preparations excite the CNS and, first of all, increase reflex excitability. Reflex patient reactions become more generalized. Strichnin improves the activity of the senses (vision, taste, rumor, tactile feeling), excites vessels and respiratory centers, tones skeletal muscles, myocardium.

Strichnin preparations are used as tonic means with a general decrease in the processes of exchange, fast fatigue, hypotonic disease. Weakening of cardiac activity on the basis of intoxication and infections, with some functional disorders of the visual apparatus, with paralicles and paralymps (diphtheria origin, for example), during the atony of the stomach.

Side effects occur under overdose and are manifested by the voltage of muscle groups (mimic, occipital), difficulty breathing, convulsions.

The drug Securine, obtained from the grass of SecureErege, is similar to the nature of the action with strikhnin, but less active (10 times). Used in asthenic states, paralicles and paralymps, in the hypo-and asthenic form of neurasthenia, when impotence on the basis of functional disorders.

Common Constitutional Means (Adaptogens)

Preparations of this group on origin can be divided into means of plant and animal nature. Especially used means of plant origin, namely different galenic preparations of plants (ginseng root extracts, levery extracts, pink or golden roots, Eleutherococcus, luminaries, lemongrass, Zabaikalsky, Alialia). From the means of animal origin, the drug Pantokrin, obtained from the reindeer Pathoves, and produced as a non-healen preparation for oral (in drops) and parenteral administration.

The use of these tools leads to a decrease in the incidence of ORZ, an increase in the resistance of the patient to viral and other infection, improved well-being and appetite.

These drugs are shown in the psychic and physical overvoltage during the reconvaluation period after long and severe diseases, in particular, infectious nature (dysentery, abdominal and viral infection, etc.). Preparations are also prescribed oncological patients in the rehabilitation period, after chemotherapy courses and radial loads.

As a rule, drugs are prescribed for a long time, within 1-2 months. Adaptogens reception is suitable in the morning, after breakfast. The appointment of these funds in the afternoon is not shown, since it is possible to break sleep in the form of falling asleep. In individuals, there is a manifestation of increased sensitivity to certain drugs.

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Classification of psychostimulators

1) means acting directly to the CNS:

a) stimulating mainly bark of brain (xanthine alkaloids, fenamine, sedanokarb, methylphenamine, meridol, etc.);

b) stimulating predominantly oblong brain (bark

evil, cordiamine, bemegride, camphor, carbon dioxide);

c) stimulating predominantly spinal cord (Strichnin).

2) means acting on the CNS reflex (Lobelin, Verat

room, Nicotine).

It should be remembered that such a division is conditionally and when used in large doses, they can stimulate the CNS as a whole.

A typical representative of psychostimulants is Fenamine (amphetamine sulfate; Tab. 0, 005; drops in the nose, in the eye 1% rr). It is chemically phenylalkylamine, that is, similar to the structure of adrenaline and norepinenguine.

MECHANISM OF ACTION It is associated with the ability to dismiss from the presopreptic endings of norepinephrine and dopamine. In addition, the fenamine reduces the reverse seizure of norepinephrine and dopamine.

Fenamine stimulates the ascending activating reticular formation of the brain barrel.

Pharmacological effects

Influence on CNS.

Powerful CNS stimulator. It increases mental and physical performance, improves the mood, causes Euphoria, insomnia, tremor, anxiety. In therapeutic doses, it has an awakening effect, eliminates fatigue, increases physical possibilities. Stimulates the respiratory center and in this plan acts as an analeptic.

Impact on the cardiovascular system

Enhances both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In relation to the hypertensive effect of the phenamine, tachofilaxia is known.

Smooth muscles

Fenamine increases the tone of the bladder spinn And relaxes the muscles of the bronchi, but only at high doses. Fenamine reduces appetite (on the hypothalamus), It has some anticonvulsant action (with Petit Mal).

Stimulants increase mental and physical performance, increase endurance, increase the reaction rate, eliminate the feeling of fatigue and drowsiness, increase the amount of attention, the ability to memorize and the speed of information processing.

In psychological terms, stimulants cause a feeling of cheerfulness, improved mood up to pronounced euphoria, increase the overall level of motivation. http://narcotics.su/stimulatori.html.

CNS stimulants are conventionally divided into 4 large groups:

1. Psychostimulators
a) Psychomotor:
- - caffeine;
- - Fenamine;
- - Synokarb.
b) Psycho-timber (nootropics):
- - Nootropyl (piracetam);
- - cerebrolysin;
- - Gamalon, etc.
- 2. Analertic
a) direct action:
- - BEMEGRID;
- - etonisole, etc.
b) reflexive action:
- - cytithon, etc.
c) mixed action:
- - Cordiamine, etc.
- 3. Spinal brain stimulants
- - Strichnin;
- - Securenin et al.
- 4. Enculsive means (adaptogens)
a) plant origin:
- - Ginseng preparations, Eleutherococcus, Aralia, Golden Root, Maral Root, Balves, Bittner, etc.
b) animal origin:
- - Pantokrin, etc.
- 1. Psychostimulants are psychotropic substances that activate mental and, to a lesser extent, the physical activity of the body. They stimulate higher mental functions, quickly remove fatigue, drowsiness, and lethargy, increase efficiency. Many of the drugs of this group are able to cause narcotic addiction and addiction. The group of psychostamules can relate both drugs and publicly available means (tea, coffee, tobacco), as well as forbidden drugs, such as cocaine. http://ru.wikipedia.org/

Classification of psychostimulants:

1) means acting directly to the CNS:
- a) stimulating mainly bark of brain (xanthine alkaloids, fenamine, sedanokarb, methylphenamine, meridol, etc.);
- b) stimulating predominantly oblong brain (bark
- c) stimulating predominantly spinal cord (Strichnin).
2) means acting on the CNS reflex (Lobelin, Veratrum, Nicotine).

It should be remembered that such a division is conditionally and when used in large doses, they can stimulate the CNS as a whole.

Nootropics, Nootropic

Improving mental, mental activity is the main effect of this group of funds. This manifests itself with mental insufficiency associated with organic brain lesions.

Mechanisms of action of nootropic drugs on the neurophysiological level: the effect on the transcanal and other types of polysinapotically caused by the potentials registered on the EEG.

Analyptic tools (analeptics)

Under anallertic means (from the Greek Analeptikos - restoring, firming) imply a group of drugs that are initiated primarily by the vitality centers of oblong brain-vascular and respiratory centers. In large doses, these funds can excite the engine zones of the brain and cause convulsions.

In therapeutic doses, analeptics are used in the weakening of the vascular tone, in the oppression of breathing, with infectious diseases, in the postoperative period, etc.

Currently, the alerting group on the localization of action can be divided into three subgroups:

1) Preparations directly, directly activating (reviving) respiratory center:
- - BEMEGRID;
- - Ethimisole.
2) Means, reflexively stimulating respiratory center:
- - cytithon;
- - Lobelin.
3) Means of a mixed type of action, possessing and direct, and reflexive effects:
- - Cordiamine;
- - camphor;
- - cozol;
- - Carbon dioxide.

Preparations that are stimulating the participatory spinal cord functions

In this group, two drugs are used in a substantive: Strichnin and Securine.

Strichnin (strichninum; powder; in AMP. 1 ml 0, 1% solution) is the chief alcoholoid chiliboch seed (vomit).

In medical practice, a nitric acid salt is applied - Strichnina Nitrate.

In addition to strikhnin, chilibuhi extract is also used and chilibuhi tincture.

Side effects occur under overdose and are manifested by the voltage of muscle groups (mimic, occipital), difficulty breathing, convulsions.

Common Constitutional Means (Adaptogens)

The pharmacological effect of these funds is due to the content of salonin glycosides in them, the ginsenoids, essential oils, sterols, peptides and minerals. These biologically active substances introduce a stimulating effect on the central nervous agent, increase their performance, regulate the work of the internal secretion glands, moderately reduce blood pressure, the level of atherogeneous lipids (cholesterol) and blood glucose, activate the activities of the adrenal glands, the use of these tools leads to a decrease in the incidence of ORZ, raising resistance Patient for viral and other infection, improved well-being and appetite.

These drugs are shown in the psychic and physical overvoltage during the reconnaissance period after long and severe diseases, in particular, infectious nature (dysentery, abdominal and viral infection, etc.). Preparations are also prescribed oncological patients in the rehabilitation period, after chemotherapy courses and radial loads.

Natural stimulants of the nervous system are. Stimulators

Preparations (Mineral Vitamin Complexes), Energy Charge

Vitus Energia

Vitamins Alphabet Energy

Duovit Energy

Doppelgers Energotonik

Vitrum Energy

Dynaman

Vegetable adaptogens

Marala Root (Levsay)

Bear root (penny or red root)

Rhodiola pink

A growth hormone

Preparations increase mental performance

PiRsetam

Deanola Acegelumat

Picikalon

Calcium Gopanenate

Phenotropyl

Preparations enhancing physical performance

Acetylaminantic acid

Melatonin

Calcium gliderophosphate

Pantokrin

Alcoholic tinctures Ginseng and Eleutherococcus

Useful videos on popular preparations (tablets) to increase cheerfulness and energy in adults

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Classification of psychostimulators

1) means acting directly to the CNS: