What made the war. What to do if a war starts

Cool! 54

War is the worst thing that can happen in the life of every person. A surprise attack by fascist Germany on ordinary Soviet people. But nothing can break a strong-minded people, they have only Victory ahead!

War is so much in this word. One word alone carries a lot of fear, pain, screams and crying of mothers, children, wives, losses of loved ones and thousands of glorious soldiers who stood for the life of all generations ... How many children she left as orphans and wives as widows with black headscarves on their heads. How many terrible memories she left behind in human memory. War is the pain of human destinies caused by those who rule at the top and crave power in any way, even bloody.

And if you think well, then in our time there is not a single family from which the war did not take away or simply did not cripple a person close to us with bullets, shrapnel or simply by its echoes. After all, we all remember and honor the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. We remember their feat, solidarity, faith in a great victory and a loud Russian "Hurray!"

The Great Patriotic War can rightfully be called sacred. After all, all people began to defend their homeland, not afraid of a stray bullet, torment, captivity and much more. Our ancestors rallied so much and went forward to recapture their land from the enemy, where they were born and raised.

The Soviet people were not even broken by the surprise of the attack on June 22, 1941, the German fascists attacked in the early morning. Hitler counted on a quick victory, as in many European countries, which surrendered and submitted to him practically without resistance.

Our people did not have any weapons, but this did not frighten anyone and they went confidently forward, not giving up their positions, defending their loved ones and their homeland. The road to victory ran through many obstacles. Militant battles developed both on earth and in the sky. There was not a single person who did not contribute to this Victory. Young girls who served as doctors and dragged wounded soldiers from the battlefield, how much strength and courage they had. How much faith they carried with them, giving it to the wounded! Men marched boldly into battle, covering their homes and families with their backs! Children and women worked at the factories at the machine tools, producing ammunition, which brought the cherished success in capable hands!

And in spite of everything, that moment came, the moment of the long-awaited victory. The army of Soviet soldiers, after many years of battles, was able to drive the Nazis from their native land. Our hero soldiers reached the borders of Germany, and took Berlin - the capital of the fascist country by storm. All this happened in 1945. On the 8th of May, Germany signed a complete surrender. It was at that very time that our ancestors gave us one of the great holidays celebrated on May 9 - this is Victory Day! A day truly with tears in my eyes, great joy in my soul and with a sincere smile on my face!

Remembering the stories of grandfathers, grandmothers and people who participated in these hostilities, we can conclude that only a strong-willed, courageous and ready to go to the death people could come to victory!

For the younger generation, the Great Patriotic War is just a story from the distant past. But this story excites everything inside and makes you think about what is happening in the modern world. Think about the wars that we see now. Think about the fact that we should not allow another war and prove to the hero soldiers that they did not lie in the ground for nothing, that the soil was soaked in their blood for a reason! I want everyone to remember at what cost this difficult Victory and the peace over our heads that we now have!

And in conclusion, I really want to say: “Thank you, Great Warriors! I remember! I'm proud!"

More essays on the topic: "War"

How I would like all children on Earth to know what war is only from the pages of history textbooks. I sincerely hope that someday my wish will come true. But so far, unfortunately, the wars on our planet continue.

I will probably never understand how those who unleash these wars feel. Don't they think that the cost of any war is human lives. And it doesn't matter which side won: both of them are, in fact, a loser, because those who died in the war cannot be returned.

War is loss. In war, people lose loved ones, war takes away their home, deprives them of everything. Those who have not been affected by the war, I think, will never be able to fully realize how terrible it is. It's hard for me to even imagine how creepy it is to go to bed, realizing that in the morning you can find out that some of your loved ones are no longer there. It seems to me that the fear of losing a loved one is much stronger than fear for your own life.

And how many people are deprived of their health by war? How many makes disabled people? And no one and nothing will return them to their youth, health, crippled destinies. It’s so scary - to irrevocably lose your health, at one moment to lose all hopes, to realize that your dreams and plans are not destined to come true.

But the worst thing is that the war leaves no one a choice: to fight or not - the state decides for its citizens. And it doesn't matter whether the residents support such a decision or not. War affects everyone. Many are trying to escape the war. But is escape painless? People have to leave their homes, leave their homes, not knowing whether they will ever be able to return to their former life.

I am convinced that any conflicts should be resolved peacefully, without sacrificing human destinies to war.

Source: sdam-na5.ru

It matters a lot for a person whether there is meaning in his life. Each person seeks to express himself as much as possible. But the personality manifests itself most clearly in crisis situations, such as natural disasters or wars.

War is a terrible time. She constantly tests a person for strength, requires full dedication. If you are a coward, if you are not capable of patient and selfless work, if you are not ready to sacrifice your convenience or even your life for the sake of a common cause, you are worthless.

Our country was often forced to fight. The most terrible wars that befell the ancestors are civil. They demanded the most difficult choice, sometimes completely breaking the system of values \u200b\u200bthat had developed in a person, since it was often not clear with whom and for what to fight.

The so-called patriotic wars are the defense of the country from an external attack. Everything is clear here - there is an enemy who threatens everyone, ready to become the master in the land of your ancestors, dictate his own rules on it, and make you a slave. At such moments, our people have always demonstrated a rare unanimity and ordinary, everyday heroism, manifested in every little thing, be it a fierce battle or watch in the medical battalion, exhausting foot crossings or digging trenches.

Every time the enemy wanted to defeat Russia, he harbored the illusion that the people were dissatisfied with their government, that the enemy troops would be greeted with joy (both Napoleon and Hitler, most likely, were convinced of this and expected an easy victory). The stubborn resistance that the people showed them should have surprised them first, and then terribly enrage them. They didn't count on him. But our people have never been slaves without exception. They felt that they were part of their native land and could not give it up for abuse by strangers. Everybody became heroes - men - fighters, women and children. Each contributed to the common cause, each took part in the war, all together defended the Motherland.

Source: nsportal.ru

72 years have passed since the day when the whole world heard the long-awaited word "Victory!"

May 9th. Good ninth day in May. At this time, when all nature comes to life, we feel how wonderful life is. How dear she is to us! And along with this feeling comes the understanding that we owe our lives to all those who fought, died and survived in those hellish conditions. Those who, without sparing themselves, worked in the rear, those who died in the bombing of cities and villages, those whose lives were painfully cut short in fascist concentration camps.

On Victory Day, we will gather at the eternal fire, lay flowers, remember, thanks to whom we live. Let's keep quiet and once again say "Thank you!" Thanks for our peaceful life! And in the eyes of those whose wrinkles keep the horrors of war, remember the fragments and wounds, the question is read: "Will you keep what we shed blood for in those terrible years, will you remember the real price of Victory?"

Our generation has less opportunity to see living participants in the battles, to hear their stories about that difficult time. That is why meetings with veterans are so dear to me. When you, war heroes, remember how you defended and defended the Motherland, your every word is imprinted in my heart. In order to convey to the coming generation what we have heard, to preserve a grateful memory of the great feat of the victorious people, so that no matter how many years have passed since the end of the war, those who conquered the world for us will be remembered and honored.

We have no right to forget the horrors of this war so that they do not happen again. We have no right to forget those soldiers who died in order for us to live now. We must remember everything ... I see my duty to the eternally living soldiers of the Great Patriotic War, to you, veterans, to the blessed memory of the fallen, to live my life honestly and with dignity, in order to strengthen the power of the Motherland by my deeds.

There is a common myth that these days the war can be watched live. In fact, where the carnage begins, there is never television. There was no television in Grozny in either of the two wars, in Sarajevo, in Srebrenica, in Kosovo, there was no television, and in Syrian Aleppo there was none either. Where it is really bloody and dirty, television comes when everything is over to film mass graves or show from a safe distance how something burns and explodes. The real war is much more terrible than our (those who were not in the war) ideas about it.

So, how to behave if a war has started and you are in the city.

As always in life, there are different options. Today we will not consider the option that provides that you decided to join the armed forces and participate in hostilities. Today, only about civilians ...

The main advice in case of a war is to get out of the city as soon as possible.

Already on the first day of hostilities in the city, most likely, there will be no electricity, no water, no gas, no heat, no mobile phone network, no wi-fi, nothing that supports city life. All these things, of course, will not disappear at the same time, but in any case, it will happen rather quickly.

The problem of survival begins immediately. How many days will there be enough food in your home? That's right, a few. Shops and petrol stations will stop working on the first day, around the same time they will be looted.

Those who will have what to eat, what to drink, change for what is lacking, or, for example, for the right to pass through the checkpoint, will survive. If you go to the store, it is better to take your friends with you. Firstly, you will be able to carry more products, and secondly, there is a hope that the loot will not be taken away from you on the way back. In the first days of the war, society still by inertia retains some signs of culture, and banditry, looting, and the permissiveness of degenerates are not yet so widespread, but everything is rapidly moving towards that, and therefore you need weapons.
One thing to understand. There is no such thing as private property in a war zone. No one is interested in what was recorded in the Land Register or registered in the business register before the war. Now everything is canceled because the war. You only own what you can protect. If armed uncles enter your apartment and say that they will now have a machine gunner's nest or a sniper position here, do not argue.

Just get out of there, even if you are not required to. You don't want to be around when this Heavy is "covered" by the enemy. Don't tell your uncles that this is private property or anything like that. Uncles are nervous, because they are being shot at, they have weapons, they are full of adrenaline and courage, do not quarrel with them.

The good news is that no one else also has private property, except those who have weapons and who can defend their own with weapons in hand. In other words, if the owner does not have a weapon, this is not his car, if the owner does not have a weapon, it is not his food supplies, and so on. A man with a weapon is always right. Never quarrel with someone who has a weapon. The cost of living in a war zone is getting very cheap. Remember this. Anyone can kill you, and he will get nothing for it. No one will ever look for a killer.

Therefore, you need a weapon, otherwise you will soon have no food, no drink, no wedding ring, no warm clothes, nothing that can help you survive.

Classically, weapons are obtained by robbing a police station. Usually, a black market immediately appears, soldiers earn money by selling something from army stocks, someone sells something from weapons legally obtained in peacetime. Remember you also need ammo. If there is an opportunity to exchange your mom's jewelry for Kalashnikov, do it.

Best of all, if you manage to get some kind of pistol at the same time. If you run into a patrol, the Kalashnikov must be returned immediately, but you can hope that after you give the machine gun, they will no longer search you, and the pistol will remain with you.

If you are forward-thinking, you already have an arsenal legally obtained in peacetime. In wartime, this will immediately become a gold mine. I have friends who have an arsenal at home, with which you can fight for a year and a half.

It is very important to decide where and how you go. Perhaps you still need to stay where you are.

Those with a battery-operated radio at home are in a much better situation than others. Some stations will definitely work, and some information about what is happening can be obtained.

You need to assess the geographic and strategic importance of your location. How important from the point of view of city control can be your street, your yard, your house, in which direction the fights will go, whether someone will control this area, whether there will be resistance here, what kind of character, and so on.

If there is a mortar position nearby, run away immediately, the enemy will definitely destroy it. And he will not shoot from a machine gun. If a sniper is on the roof of your house, run from there. In Grozny, tanks worked in such houses. Nobody wants to hunt for a sniper. It is easier to demolish the two upper floors in such a house.

Understand that you do not want to be where the tanks will go, and where the tank's barrel will be directed. The power of a tank shot is incredible. Only one splinter from a tank hitting a building inflicts mortal wounds within a radius of a hundred meters or more to everyone who has not found cover. In some conflicts, in order to stop the tanks, powerful high-explosive charges were used in the city to destroy houses in the path of the tanks and thus stop them, drive them to a dead end. Once again, you want to be very far from the tanks and those trying to stop them. Remember, there is water in the toilet cistern that can survive for a week or longer.

Do not rinse it off under any circumstances. It is no different in quality from tap water, but the water no longer flows from the tap, and shops no longer work and are robbed. This water reserve is of great importance.

Fortunately, Riga is small, and there are hopes of getting out of it. It's hard to survive in the city. The areas of apartment buildings generally become a trap, among other things, the sewage system that does not work, waste, corpses in the summer increase the risk of various diseases, and in the winter, in turn, it is impossible to warm the apartments. It is very difficult to prepare warm food. The water brought from the Daugava or the Mary's pond must be boiled, it cannot be drunk just like that in such conditions. If you manage to get kerosene from the army, you can make an improvised tile, you can burn furniture, but sooner or later it is better to leave.

If you hit the road, you need to understand the army mindset.

The most important thing that everyone confirms is to look civil. If for some reason you put on camouflage, dress like Rambo and go out, enjoy this moment, because, in fact, you are already dead. You won't even know whether the sniper or the soldiers of which side will take you out. In war, the one who looks like a soldier is a soldier, and one who looks like a civilian is probably a soldier too. You want to look as harmless as possible. Best of all, homeless people, with children in their hands and a white flag in a conspicuous place.

Hide the assault rifle under your jacket, if you got a Kalashnikov with a folding stock - ideally, if not, hide it anyway.

On the one hand, civilian soldiers are not interested. In Chechnya, even despite the intense fighting, those who did not suspect that they were soldiers in disguise - old men, women with children, etc., could almost calmly move around the city. Soldiers do not want to "shine" their position unnecessarily or waste ammunition to shoot a civilian who is simply fleeing the city. This is on the one hand. On the other hand, in the case of ethnic, religious conflicts, this is not always the case. This was not the case in Yugoslavia. In any case, if you run into a machine gunner's nest, which is still being made and dug in, a group of saboteurs, they may decide that you are a risk, or an enemy spy disguised as a civilian, and therefore begin to "work" for you.

Therefore, if you see a soldier in the yard or in an empty house, do not approach in any case. Even if they look friendly, even if they smile and invite you in, leave. It is very likely that they only want to call you in order to quietly silence you. This is a war, everyone is nervous, many are paranoid, many with a pathological propensity for violence, which they finally unleashed, in many conflicts experienced units tried to "work out" civilians who could open their position. Remember that once the war has started, the Geneva Convention is not a set of laws, but only a description of the desired behavior. During the war, all kinds of degenerates, moral monsters and psychopaths suddenly surface on the crest of the war and finally begin to live at their own discretion. You don't want to meet them and get in touch with them in any way, not even eye contact.

Do not go near hospitals, where all sides are taking their wounded, and the shooting can start at any moment, some side will want to seize this strategic object only for themselves, and the losers will decide that if not me, then no one, and call artillery or aviation. Avoid former government institutions, any important infrastructure facilities - stations, communication centers, television centers, etc. Don't go anywhere at night. The night is ruled by an army, bandits and marauders.

Army units in the city very often do not understand well what is happening and where the enemy is now.

Almost always, at some point, their own people shoot at their own people, and always everyone is shooting at unwary civilians.

Remember, while you are in town, there is a chance to steal fuel.

Gas stations are not working. Fuel cannot be obtained otherwise than from the army, but you do not want to contact the army, and they do not seek to help you, but in the countryside there will not even be where to steal.

Go on the road in the daytime (many advise you to go at dawn, when the night posts are already tired, and the morning ones have not yet woken up, slowly and calmly, as civilians do. By your behavior, let everyone clearly understand that you are civilians who want Take your time. The principle of creating a route is simple. The fewer patrols, the fewer checkpoints, the fewer contacts, the better. It is clear that the central streets, central intersections, bridges, are better controlled, as they have strategic importance. that you know the city.

If you need to spend the night in the city because there is no longer your home, or you are stuck on the road, it is better to stay in the open air somewhere on the side of the road than to enter empty buildings in which there were battles or there was an army. Here each door can be equipped with a grenade. In such places, do not open the refrigerator, do not lift the toilet lid, and if a kitten meows in the closet or behind a door, do not save him, this is a classic trap.

The streets are often safer. In the capture of cities, nothing else has been invented except for two eternal strategies. The first is to first demolish half of the city with artillery and aircraft, and then the direct seizure of house after house, from the first house on one side to the last on the other, as was done in World War II, including in Berlin. The second option is that tanks and armored personnel carriers first try to seize strategic points, fortify on them and thus create control over the city, as, for example, in Grozny during the first Chechen war. In the case of this strategy, there is a risk that army units at these strategic points will be surrounded and destroyed, which the Chechens, by the way, did with the Russian army, turning the first capture of Grozny into perhaps the most shameful defeat of the Russian army in modern history. At the same time, the Americans in Baghdad acted that way. After the bombing, they simply drove into the city and began to fortify. Perhaps they knew that there would be no strong resistance or relied on their advantage in strength.

Be that as it may, in the first case, the cleaning of houses begins immediately. To make the attackers feel safe, they do not leave enemies behind, every house will be checked. And in the second case, too, sooner or later, the search for opponents will begin with a search of suspicious houses, districts and streets. It makes no difference whether it is Russians or Americans.

In cities where guerrilla warfare is going on, mopping-up operations are harsh. Clearing abandoned buildings is the most dangerous thing for soldiers, and they hate it, so it's best not to be in such a building. If not the instruction, then the army wisdom says that if you do not want surprises, first throw a grenade into the room and only then go to see who "lives" here. And it will not be a noise grenade like in peacetime operations. However, the grenade is not the most dangerous. Hurry up to jump back behind a good sofa, reducing your "area" facing the explosion to a minimum, stretch out on the floor or hide your head and body behind a large backpack, behind some kind of flower pot, and if you are not completely naked, there is a great chance to survive. Another thing is that you can never know which frostbitten idiots will now enter the room. Therefore, it is better to sit on the side of the street with a white rag and let everyone command you than to imagine that you will climb into some abandoned basement, hide in an abandoned house and be safe there.

If there are victims on the streets, remember that it is strictly forbidden to touch and turn them over. Unfortunately, a grenade under a corpse has become a sad classic of all recent conflicts. If you can remove the weapon or cartridges from the deceased without turning it over, do it, but you do not need to search it more thoroughly. If the dead man has a communication system, contrary to what was seen in the films, do not take it. Most likely, you will not hear anything clear and useful for you here. Moreover, you are civilians. You have to look like a civilian. There will be a walkie-talkie, there will be a desire to tinker with it. A civilian with a walkie-talkie is no longer a civilian. And hide the weapon, of course.

All modern cities have a roundabout path. Usually there is the border of the environment. For motorized rifle brigades, the standard behavior is to disperse along the roundabout routes and block the city. There will be checkpoints, control and the like.

Approach them slowly and with your hands up. Do not think to somehow sneak through the forest, short dashes or something similar. In military conditions, every suspicious movement in the forest is a sufficient reason for a machine gun to start working. Pay attention to the soldiers' weapons visible in the photographs from Crimea. There are a lot of Pecheneg machine guns and a lot of modernized Dragunov sniper rifles with a short barrel and a folding stock, as well as "Vintorez" and classic Kalashnikov machine guns, as well as automatic rifles. Many copies of this weapon, as can be seen in the photographs of journalists, are equipped with the most modern sights (Aimpoint Micro T-1 and Eotech 512, which cost from $ 500 - $ 700 per copy). You don't want these people to start shooting in your direction. Go to the checkpoint with your hands up. Most likely, they will simply rob you, take away everything of value and let you pass.

Everyone knows that this terrible period has left an indelible imprint on world history. Today we will consider the most amazing historical facts about the Great Patriotic War, which are rarely mentioned in the usual sources.

Victory Day

It's hard to imagine, but in the history of the USSR there was a 17-year period when Victory Day was not celebrated. Since 1948, May 9 was a simple working day, and January 1 (since 1930, this day was a working day) was made a day off. In 1965, the holiday was returned to its place again and marked by a wide celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Soviet victory. Since then, May 9 is again a day off. Many historians associate such a strange decision of the Soviet government with the fact that it was afraid of active independent veterans on this significant day off. The official order said that people should forget about the war and throw all their strength into rebuilding the country.

Imagine, 80 thousand officers of the Red Army during the Second World War were women. In general, in different periods of hostilities, there were from 0.6 to 1 million women at the front. From the fairer sex who voluntarily came to the front, the following were formed:a rifle brigade, 3 air regiments and a reserve rifle regiment. In addition, a women's school of snipers was organized, the pupils of which more than once entered the history of Soviet military achievements. A separate company of women sailors was also organized.

It is worth noting that women at warperformed combat missions no worse than men, as evidenced by the 87 titles of Hero of the Soviet Union awarded to them during the Second World War. In world history, this was the first case of such a massive struggle of women for their homeland. In the ranks soldier of the great Patriotic war the fairer sex has mastered almost all military specialties. Many of them have served shoulder to shoulder with their husbands, brothers and fathers.

"Crusade"

Hitler viewed his attack on the Soviet Union as a Crusade in which terrorist methods could be used. Already in May 1941, when implementing the Barbarossa plan, Hitler relieved his servicemen of any responsibility for their actions. Thus, his charges could do whatever they wanted with civilians.

Four-legged friends

During the Second World War, more than 60 thousand dogs served on different fronts. Thanks to four-legged saboteurs, dozens of Nazi trains derailed. Tank destroyer dogs destroyed more than 300 units of enemy armored vehicles. Signal dogs obtained about two hundred reports for the USSR. On ambulance carts, dogs were taken from the battlefield at least 700 thousand wounded soldiers and officers of the Red Army. Thanks to the sapper dogs, 303 settlements were cleared. In total, four-legged sappers surveyed more than 15 thousand km 2 of land. They found more than 4 million units of German mines and land mines.

Kremlin disguise

Considering, we will not once encounter the ingenuity of the Soviet military. During the first month of the war, the Moscow Kremlin literally disappeared from the face of the earth. At least it seemed so from the sky. Flying over Moscow, the fascist pilots were in complete despair, as their maps did not coincide with reality. The thing is that the Kremlin was carefully camouflaged: the stars of the towers and the crosses of the cathedrals were covered with covers, and the domes were repainted black. In addition, three-dimensional models of residential buildings were erected along the perimeter of the Kremlin wall, beyond which even the battlements were not visible. Manezhnaya Square and Aleksandrovsky Garden were partially made with plywood decorations of buildings, the Mausoleum received two additional floors, and a sandy road appeared between the Borovitsky and Spassky gates. The facades of the Kremlin buildings have changed their color to gray, and the roofs to red-brown. The palace ensemble has never looked so democratic during its existence. By the way, the body of V.I.Lenin was evacuated to Tyumen during the war.

The feat of Dmitry Ovcharenko

Soviet feats in the great Patriotic warrepeatedly illustrated the triumph of courage over weapons. On July 13, 1941, Dmitry Ovcharenko, returning with ammunition to his company, was surrounded by five dozen enemy soldiers. The rifle was taken away from him, but the man did not lose heart. Taking an ax out of his cart, he chopped off the head of the officer who was interrogating him. Then Dmitry threw three grenades at the enemy soldiers, which killed 21 soldiers. The rest of the Germans fled, with the exception of the officer, whom Ovcharenko caught up with and also beheaded. For his bravery, the soldier was awarded the title

Hitler's main enemy

WWII history does not always talk about it, but the leader of the Nazis considered his main enemy in the Soviet Union not Stalin, but Yuri Levitan. Hitler offered 250 thousand marks for the head of the announcer. In this regard, the Soviet authorities guarded Levitan in the most thorough way, misinforming the press about his appearance.

Tanks from tractors

Considering interesting facts about the Great Patriotic War, one cannot ignore the fact that due to the acute shortage of tanks, in emergency cases, the USSR Armed Forces made them from simple tractors. During the Odessa defensive operation, 20 tractors covered with sheets of armor were thrown into battle. Naturally, the main effect of such a decision is psychological. Attacking the Romanians at night with their sirens and lanterns on, the Russians forced them to flee. As for the weapons, many of these "tanks" were equipped with dummies of heavy weapons. Soviet soldiers of the great Patriotic war jokingly called such machines NI-1, which means "Fear".

Stalin's son

During the war, Stalin's son, Yakov Dzhugashvili, was captured. The Nazis offered Stalin to exchange his son for Field Marshal Paulus, who was held captive by the Soviet troops. The Soviet commander-in-chief refused, saying that the soldier would not be exchanged for a field marshal. Shortly before the arrival of the Soviet army, Yakov was shot. After the war, his family was exiled as a prisoner of war family. When Stalin was notified of this, he said that he would not make exceptions for relatives and break the law.

The fate of the prisoners of war

There are historical facts that make it especially unpleasant. Here is one of them. About 5.27 million Soviet soldiers were captured by the Germans, who were kept in terrible conditions. This fact is confirmed by the fact that less than two million soldiers of the Red Army returned to their homeland. The reason for the cruel treatment of prisoners by the Germans was the USSR's refusal to sign the Geneva and Hague conventions on prisoners of war. The German authorities decided that if the other side did not sign the documents, then they may not regulate the conditions of detention of prisoners by world standards. In fact, the Geneva Convention regulates the treatment of prisoners regardless of whether the countries have signed the agreement.

The Soviet Union treated enemy prisoners of war much more humanely, as evidenced at least by the fact that died in the Great Patriotic War350 thousand German prisoners, and the remaining 2 million returned home safely.

Feat of Matvey Kuzmin

In times World War II, interesting facts aboutwhich we are considering, the 83-year-old peasant Matvey Kuzmin repeated the feat of Ivan Susanin, who in 1613 led the Poles into an impenetrable swamp.

In February 1942, a German mountain rifle battalion was stationed in the village of Kurakino, which was instructed to break through to the rear of the Soviet troops planning a counteroffensive in the Malkinskiye Heights region. Matvey Kuzmin lived in Kurakino. The Germans asked the old man to act as a guide for them, offering food and a gun in exchange. Kuzmin agreed to the proposal and, having notified the nearest part of the Red Army through his 11-year-old grandson, set off with the Germans. Leading the Nazis along roundabout roads, the old man took them to the village of Malkino, where an ambush awaited them. Soviet soldiers met the enemy with machine-gun fire, and Matvey Kuzmin was killed by one of the German commanders.

Air ram

On June 22, 1941, Soviet pilot I. Ivanov decided on an air ram. This was the first military feat marked with the title

Best tanker

The most qualified tank ace during the Second World War was rightfully recognized as one who served in the 40th Tank Brigade. For three months of battles (September - November 1941), he took part in 28 tank battles and personally destroyed 52 German tanks. In November 1941, the brave tanker was killed near Moscow.

Losses during the Battle of Kursk

USSR losses in the war- a difficult topic that they always try not to touch upon. So, the official data on the losses of Soviet troops during the Battle of Kursk were published only in 1993. According to researcher BV Sokolov, German losses in Kursk amounted to approximately 360 thousand killed, wounded and captured soldiers. The Soviet losses exceeded the fascist ones by seven times.

The feat of Yakov Studennikov

On July 7, 1943, at the height of the Battle of Kursk, Yakov Studennikov, a machine gunner of the 1019 regiment, fought on his own for two days. The rest of the fighters from his calculation were killed. Despite his injury, Studennikov repulsed 10 enemy attacks and killed more than three hundred Nazis. For this feat he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The feat of the 1378th regiment of the 87th division

On December 17, 1942, near the village of Verkhne-Kumskoye, the soldiers of the company of senior lieutenant Naumov defended the height of 1372 m with two teams of anti-tank rifles. They managed to repel three enemy tank and infantry attacks on the first day and several more attacks on the second. During this time, 24 soldiers neutralized 18 tanks and about a hundred infantrymen. As a result, the Soviet brave men died, but went down in history as heroes.

Shiny tanks

During the fighting at Lake Hassan, Japanese soldiers decided that the Soviet Union, trying to outwit them, was using plywood tanks. As a result, the Japanese fired ordinary bullets on Soviet equipment in the hope that this would be enough. Returning from the battlefield, the tanks of the Red Army were so densely covered with lead bullets melted from impact on the armor that they literally shone. Well, their armor remained intact.

Camel help

In the history of the Second World War, this is rarely said, but the 28-reserve Soviet army, formed in Astrakhan during the battles of Stalingrad, used camels as a draft force for transporting guns. The Soviet soldiers had to catch wild camels and tame them due to an acute shortage of automobile equipment and horses. Most of the 350 tamed animals died in various battles, and the survivors were transferred to economic units or zoos. One of the camels, which was given the name Yashka, reached Berlin with the soldiers.

Removal of children

Many little-known facts about the great Patriotic warcause sincere sorrow. During the Second World War, the Nazis removed thousands of children of "Nordic appearance" from Poland and the Soviet Union. The Nazis took children from two months to six years old and took them to a concentration camp called "Kinder KC", where the "racial value" of the children was determined. Those children who passed the selection were subjected to "initial Germanization". They were called and taught the German language. The child's new citizenship was confirmed by forged documents. Germanized children were sent to local orphanages. Thus, many German families did not even realize that the children they adopted were of Slavic origin. At the end of the war, no more than 3% of these children were returned to their homeland. The remaining 97% have grown and aged, considering themselves full-fledged Germans. Most likely, their descendants will never know about their true origins.

Minor heroes

Finishing with some interesting facts about Great Patriotic War, it should be said about the children-heroes.So, the title of Hero was awarded to 14-year-old Lenya Golikov and Sasha Chekalin, as well as 15-year-old Marat Kazei, Valya Kotik and Zina Portnova.

Stalingrad battle

In August 1942, Adolf Hitler ordered his troops going to Stalingrad "leave no stone unturned." In fact, the Germans succeeded. When the fierce battle was over, the Soviet government concluded that it would be cheaper to build a city from scratch than to rebuild what was left. Nevertheless, Stalin unconditionally ordered the restoration of the city literally from the ashes. During the clearing of Stalingrad, so many shells were thrown at Mamayev Kurgan that for the next two years even weeds did not grow there.

For some unknown reason, it was in Stalingrad that the opponents changed their methods of fighting. From the very beginning of the war, the Soviet command adhered to flexible defense tactics, retreating in critical situations. Well, the Germans, in turn, tried to avoid mass bloodshed and bypassed large fortified areas. In Stalingrad, both sides seemed to have forgotten their principles and tripled the fiercest battle.

It all started on August 23, 1942, when the Germans attacked the city from the air in a massive manner. As a result of the bombing, 40 thousand people died, which is 15 thousand more than during the Soviet raid on Dresden in early 1945. The Soviet side in Stalingrad applied methods of psychological influence on the enemy. From the loudspeakers installed right on the front line, popular German music sounded, which was interrupted by messages about the next successes of the Red Army at the fronts. But the most effective means of psychological pressure on the Nazis was the beat of the metronome, which was interrupted after 7 blows by the message: "Every seven seconds, one Nazi soldier dies at the front." After 10-20 such messages, tango was played.

Considering interesting facts about the beginning of the Great Patriotic War and, in particular, about the Battle of Stalingrad, one cannot ignore the feat of Sergeant Nuradilov. On September 1, 1942, the machine gunner independently destroyed 920 enemy soldiers.

Memory of the Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of Stalingrad is remembered not only in the post-Soviet space. In many European countries (France, Great Britain, Belgium, Italy, and others) streets, squares and squares were named in honor of the Battle of Stalingrad. In Paris, the metro station, square and boulevard are called "Stalingrad". And in Italy, one of the central streets of Bologna is named after this battle.

Victory Banner

The original Victory Banner is kept in the Central Museum of the Armed Forces as a sacred relic and one of the brightest memories of war... Due to the fact that the flag is made of fragile satin, it can only be stored horizontally. The original banner is shown only on special occasions and in the presence of a guard. In other cases, it is replaced with a duplicate, which repeats the original 100% and even gets old the same way.

The first thing you need to understand about war is that your lifestyle will change. Whoever you work - a programmer, designer, copywriter, PR specialist or a factory worker (are there any?) - everything will break with the beginning of hostilities. From place of work, residence, wardrobe to your menu and habits. And if you live quite freely without glazed cheese curds, then the lack of suitable shoes in winter will lead to sad consequences.

Let's dot the i right away so that online specialists reading diagonally splash out less bile in the comments - it will still be needed for processing burgers.

Even during the war, clothing stores and supermarkets continue to operate, but the closer to the front line, the higher the prices, the worse the range and quality. No one bothers with the supply of good things, they carry the cheapest and often poor quality shoes and clothes. For a good one, most simply do not have money.
With a high degree of probability, with the outbreak of war, you will lose your job. Therefore, it is better to buy everything you need in advance, while the costs are not so tangible for you.
The period while business and the state are being rebuilt on a war footing usually stretches for at least six months. At this time, the assortment will be completely bad.
Yes, you can travel closer to civilization and buy what you need, but moving out of a war zone is an extremely expensive pleasure both in terms of money and time. Nervousness and all sorts of risks when crossing checkpoints make you think 10 times if you need it.
War means a sharp rise in prices and inflation in general. What cost 100 rubles yesterday will be sold for 300 tomorrow morning.

Necessary things

Medium urban backpack

I understand that many are accustomed to being content with a shoulder bag, carrying a purse, tablet and mobile, but with the outbreak of war, all this will remain in the past. Any your trip somewhere implies a very specific goal: to pick up a parcel, things, buy medicines or food. In this regard, the bag is much less practical and convenient.

Do not buy a tourist backpack, an ordinary urban backpack of 20-30 liters will be more than enough.

Be sure to try on your backpack before buying, make sure the straps are comfortable and have wide shoulder pads.

Try to choose a backpack without laptop compartments: it is extremely unlikely that you will have an urgent need to carry a laptop on trips, and a special pocket with protection will only steal a useful place. Two or three compartments on double-sided locks are quite enough: into a small one you unload small things like keys, a knife, a bandage, hydrogen peroxide, a handkerchief, toilet paper, a lantern, documents, a notebook and a pen, the main thing remains for things.

An abundance of pockets is also useless - just spend extra time during searches and checks. Much more important is the strength of the material and its waterproofness. Backpack straps on the chest, which allow you to run with much more comfort, are highly desirable.

Suitcase on wheels

In the conditions of the termination of postal transfers, you have to take out the necessary things not immediately (this is very expensive), but as needed. In this case, one backpack will not be enough.

If you have a family, be sure to take a suitcase on wheels. Key points to pay attention to:

High quality plastic wheels. Rubber pads will wear off on off-road and tracks very, very quickly.
The presence of handles for carrying on both sides, so that it is possible to carry at once together.
Large bottom and maximum 2-3 small compartments. You will still be forced to dump all things during searches.
Nice double-sided locks for each compartment.
Rigid suitcase construction.

Lugging a suitcase with broken wheels or trying to unbutton jammed locks at gunpoint or in a queue of thousands in the pouring rain is not a pleasant activity. Don't skimp on this purchase. Avoid bright colors and eye-catching designs. The simpler the better.

Cases, covers and wallets

In the first months of the outbreak of the war and during periods of exacerbation, documents on the streets can be checked 10 or more times a day. It is even worse for those who often travel on roads with checkpoints. Nobody cares what difficulties you face when changing your passport, so the documents are more like a footcloth: they are worn out, falling apart and look extremely deplorable.

A good cover is the guarantee of the life of your passport, although not a guarantee.

Try not to take bright, very cheap and with various symbols of the cover. Simple, discreet, preferably different colors for each family member. Be sure to make sure the covers do not shed or stain after getting wet. For insurance, wrap documents before leaving in a file or package.

A similar story is with a wallet (forget about fancy micro-wallets that can hold a couple of credit cards and bills), a phone case or a case for glasses. Anything you can protect against falls, water, and shock, protect. Sooner or later, you will have to get wet more than once in the rain, fall to the ground during shelling, or huddle in the crowd at checkpoints.

A bike

Not a hoverboard, not an electric scooter, or other hipster fetishes. A simple, most common bike with available spare parts. Don't bother with expensive 20-speed models with an ultra-light frame. Don't skimp on rubber and camera. The rest is secondary. It's just a way to get from point A to point B without public transport, which will be limited and bad. Be sure to think about the best. Two-wheeled friends are stolen more often than cars, especially in small towns.

Knife or multitool

No huge cleavers with stops and kicks. A simple folding knife with a minimum of functions, but made of good steel and with a non-slip handle. By and large, you only need a knife and a can opener. If your budget allows, you can look towards multitool. But even there, you need extremely minimalistic options from a knife, opener and pliers. Keep it in your backpack among the rest of the little things, and then it will not cause questions during checks.

Lamp

An absolutely irreplaceable thing, especially in conditions of regular power outages. Ideally two. One wearable, small, but bright and power-hungry enough to light the road for an hour. Better on batteries - always carry a spare with you. And a large home lamp on a battery with the ability to recharge from the mains.

In both versions, it should be possible to place it on the end (flat bottom) with a light beam in the ceiling to illuminate the entire room, a lanyard mount and several brightness modes.

Clock

Climbing behind the phone to find out the time in rain or frost is not a good decision. And although war teaches you patience, time is no longer a resource that you have under your control. Being late for a train, bus or meeting becomes an unaffordable luxury in peacetime. Any shockproof and waterproof watch with backlight and alarm will do.

First aid kit

I would not advise you to stock up on a large number of medicines, especially if you do not have a clear understanding of what you can use after the expiration date. But make sure you have 3-4 packs of bandages, cotton wool, hydrogen peroxide, iodine or green stuff, analgin, aspirin, paracetamol, activated charcoal, thermometer, ammonia and ethyl alcohol.

Put the bandage and peroxide in your backpack, let them be with you at all times.

In principle, in conditions of hostilities they get sick a little. The body seems to be mobilizing, and it is difficult to catch a cold or other illness, if you don't try hard. The retribution comes during periods of relaxation and truce. Then people's health crumbles like a house of cards.

Warm jacket or down jacket

The emphasis on winter clothing is made for a reason. In peacetime, any of my movements in winter came down to the need to walk 10 minutes to a public transport stop or take a taxi. If I wanted to take a walk in winter, I knew that at any moment I could go to a cafe or shop and warm up. In the distant peaceful past, I wore a cashmere coat, trousers and patent leather boots, and I, like many, were quite comfortable.

In a situation where you have to spend 4 to 48 hours on the road with a high probability of long walks or spending the night in an open field, tastes in clothes and the entire wardrobe in general require rethinking. Getting sick in the absence of heat, medicine and doctors is a rather dangerous occupation for health.

When choosing a jacket, be sure to take a warm sweater with you and try on it. You shouldn't be cramped.

If there is no required size, feel free to give preference to a slightly larger one. This helps to keep warmth and moisture better.

Good zippers, a large insulated hood, spacious patch pockets with flaps (preferably with Velcro), internal pockets (with zippers) for your phone, money and documents - all this should be in your jacket. Add to this a high collar with padded lining (to hide the face from the wind), adjustable cuffs (to keep out snow) and, of course, waterproof fabric.

Many jackets and down jackets look good at first glance, but they turn out to be unwearable due to getting wet. Rain and snow or a short entry during a snowfall into a warm room - and your clothes get wet to the skin. Take a bottle of water to the store and make sure that the fabric repels moisture.

Try not to wear bright colors and eye-catching designs. You do not have a task to attract too much attention, you are not a tourist.

Sports shoes

The key point to look for when shopping for shoes is the thickness of the sole. It will protect you from the cold and allow you to move comfortably over broken glass, slate and brick.

Do not wear low boots or winter trainers; in them you leave a very vulnerable part of your legs open.

No locks or Velcro - just lacing.

Try on shoes with thick warm toes, and if you are cold by nature, put an extra insole (ideally made of natural felt). Then your foot should be loose enough in the boot. No back-to-back dimensions. Otherwise, you will definitely freeze.

A huge disadvantage of shoes of low and medium price categories is their tightness. A foot in such a boot feels like a spacesuit, and after a long journey, condensation can be poured out of the shoe. If possible, buy expensive shoes. No - take a pair of spare socks with you on the road and change to dry ones if necessary.

Ski pants

The main advantage of these pants is a waterproof and windproof fabric. Even in a very severe frost and the wind is warm in them. Snow or rain will not make your trip any less comfortable.

Pants, as opposed to trousers and jeans, are less constraining and less tight-fitting. Traditionally, for winter clothes, take a stock by size and try on thermal underwear. It is much more comfortable to wear ski pants with it: even after running or physical activity, the lining will not stick to the legs, and the body will not cool down so intensely.

Pay attention to the belt. It is highly advisable that the pants have both belt loops and lacing. Capacious pockets with zips and additional fabric pads on the knees and heel point will also be useful.

Turtleneck sweater

Forget jumpers and lightweight pullovers. Thick, high-wool sweaters that completely cover the neck, preferably black, navy blue or dark gray, are your choice.

It may happen that you will not be able to wash and dry your clothes throughout the winter.

No acrylic or other artificial fabrics. They are beautiful and, perhaps, even appropriate for urban wear, but under extreme stress they are absolutely useless.

Other little things

There are a number of things that will not require a lot of money, but will please you with their presence more than once. I will just list them without going into details:

Twenty pairs of socks, including 3-4 pairs of warm socks.
Sneakers with a solid sole.
Sturdy jeans (no decorative stripes or damage).
Raincoat.
Warm gloves made of waterproof fabric.
Autumn and winter hats (even if you walked in peacetime without a hat in severe frost).
Thermal underwear.
Swimming trunks.
Stock of cotton T-shirts.

Stupid spending

Huge stocks of groceries

Cereals, flour, butter and canned food in industrial quantities - all this, of course, is great and necessary, and you will even eat something, but with large supplies, everything will gradually deteriorate. Keep basic positions to a minimum without turning your apartment into an Auchan branch.

Lots of frozen meat and semi-finished products

Sooner or later, you will be left without light, and all this will have to be cooked, eaten or thrown away in an emergency mode. At such moments, the dogs, which loving once owners throw out into the street, leaving the city, do not walk, but crawl along the roads with their bellies swollen to incredible sizes.

Military / paramilitary uniform

These are obviously unnecessary questions, attention and risks. Among civilian clothes, there are no less comfortable options.

Firearms and traumatic weapons

There will be much less benefit from it than questions and problems.

Binoculars

This is a real chance to get shot.

Outcome

This list could be expanded, but you will not be able to make supplies for all occasions. It is impossible to guarantee that on the very first day the shell will not destroy your house or apartment, and with them all the lovingly collected supplies is impossible. Even the most stubborn gadgetophiles and perfectionists, who suffer from the wrong color watch strap or painfully choose a feng shui table, take a year to look at things and the world much easier.

Don't get hung up on choosing the best things. Just buy what meets the requirements - life itself will lead you to the right ones. Peace!

The main advice in case of a war is to get out of the city as soon as possible.

One thing to understand. There is no such thing as private property in a war zone. No one is interested in what was recorded in the Land Register or registered in the register of enterprises before the war. Now everything is canceled because the war. You only own what you can protect. If armed uncles enter your apartment and say that they will now have a machine gunner's nest or a sniper position here, do not argue.

Therefore, you need a weapon, otherwise you will soon have no food, no drink, no wedding ring, no warm clothes, nothing that can help you survive.

It is very important to decide where and how you go. Perhaps you still need to stay where you are.

Those with a battery-operated radio at home are in a much better situation than others. Some stations will definitely work, and some information about what is happening can be obtained.

It is difficult to survive in the city. The areas of apartment buildings generally become a trap, among other things, the sewage system that does not work, waste, corpses in the summer increase the risk of various diseases, and in the winter, in turn, it is impossible to warm the apartments. It is very difficult to prepare warm food. The water brought from the river needs to be boiled, it cannot be drunk just like that in such conditions. If you can get kerosene from the army, you can make improvised tiles, you can burn furniture, but sooner or later it is better to leave.

If you hit the road, you need to understand the army mindset.

Hide the assault rifle under your jacket, if you got a Kalashnikov with a folding stock - ideal, if not, hide it anyway.

Therefore, if you see a soldier in the yard or in an empty house, in no case do not approach. Even if they look friendly, even if they smile and invite you in, leave. It is very likely that they only want to call you in order to quietly silence you. This is a war, everyone is nervous, many are paranoid, many with a pathological propensity for violence, which they finally unleashed, in many conflicts experienced units tried to "work out" civilians who could open their position. Remember that once the war has started, the Geneva Convention is not a set of laws, but only a description of the desired behavior. During the war, all kinds of degenerates, moral monsters and psychopaths suddenly surface on the crest of the war and finally begin to live at their own discretion. You don't want to meet them and get in touch with them in any way, not even eye contact.

Army units in the city very often do not understand well what is happening and where the enemy is now.

Almost always, at some point, their own people shoot at their own people, and always everyone is shooting at unwary civilians.

Remember, while you are in town, there is a chance to steal fuel.

Now you are out of town. They say that every Latvian has his own country house. Happy are those who really have it. If there is also a cellar in this house with potatoes, other foods, pickles and preserves, then you will most likely survive. The main task is to protect your home from bandits, marauders who want to take all this away from you. It is not difficult to defend against one or two bandits, but it is already difficult to withstand a dozen. Moreover, they have already trained during this time. They know how to assess your strength, go around from the flanks and so on. However, you have time at your disposal to prepare traps, obstacles, barricades for them and turn your family and friends into a small military squad. Again, weapons are very necessary, if they are not, we recall the Middle Ages and we will have different strategies. The bandit, on whom a bucket of gasoline was poured and who understands that he may now flare up, is likely to be "on pause" for a moment. Your defense must be aggressive and strong so that the marauders decide to go to another, easier target. The army, most likely, is not interested in your country house, so there is a chance to wait out the active hostilities and then see what happens next.

Now the most important thing.

If in peacetime you make at least some elementary preparations for a rainy day, it will be very helpful if such a day comes.

First, consider all escape routes and methods, considering backup options. Best of all, make sure that there is a place in the village. If not with you, then with some friends, relatives, acquaintances. They do not need to object, together it will be easier to defend their place from bandits and marauders. Here it is necessary to store elementary supplies of food, fuel, medicine. Pasta is a great invention of mankind, unlike flour and various cereals, worms do not start in them, they have a long shelf life and high nutritional value. If you can find high-quality canned food, it's fine in general, they will be more expensive than money, and if there are chickens and a cow on your farm, and there is a river nearby where you can fish, then this is generally a five-star place to wait out the war. Don't forget to just arrange shifts. Someone needs to stay awake at night and so on.

While you are in the city - always try to keep the gas tank in the car as full as possible. During the Chechen war, Snickers was especially popular. Small, light, on four or six bars, a soldier can live a whole day. Comes in handy along the way.