Art is defined as the process and result of making material works, which reflect beauty or reality. Art includes various forms such as prose writing, poetry, dance, acting, sculpture, architecture, painting, drawing, music, theatre, cinema, etc. There are a variety of arts, including visual arts and design, decorating arts, applied arts, performing arts and etc. New forms include photography, film, video art, fashion, computer art, etc.
The early primitive art began in prehistoric times (rock painting). The greatest works of arts appeared in the ancient times (theatre, singing), in the Middle Ages (architecture), during the Renaissance period (literature, theatre and painting), in the 18 th -19 th centuries (music, literature), in the 20 th century (all modern arts).
Visual arts is a vast subject, including all kinds of pictures and sculptures. Artists make art for many reasons. Hundreds of years ago, when people couldn’t read, paintings were often designed to illustrate stories, especially Bible stories. And a lot of paintings were made to decorate churches. More recently, artists have begun to paint to express their own feelings or explore ideas, or just to create something beautiful.
People have always argued about art – how to make it, what it should look like and why. But there are no right or wrong answers. For example, some people think that paintings should look true to life. But many artists want to create more imaginative works – especially now that we have photographs to record how things look like. It’s common knowledge that there’s a huge difference in what artists do. What kind of art you enjoy is up to you.
To some people art is very important, to others it is nothing. For some, anything that is not about physical survival is secondary. For a spiritual being, art is definitely of primary importance. But there is always about art that really means something to most of us.
The most important role of art is to enable us to see the world differently, and in seeing the world through a particular work of art, to see a truth we might not have understood before, to think and reflect. Poets, artists, playwrights and composers are often sources of truth, order, harmony and meaning. Being able to think and to sense in different ways artists can unlock our imagination which is often as important as knowledge. Art makes people happier, and happiness is one of the most essential factors of life.
Practicing art as a hobby means personal creative fulfillment and self expression. The works amateur artists produce should not be masterpieces, but they help to awaken and heighten the aesthetic curiosity in their authors and develop their hidden talents. However, many people who take up practicing art, attend special courses, studios and clubs which main aim is to teach their students to enjoy what they are doing.
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Topic ART (Топик на английском языке Искусство)
Some people claim that the world nowadays is too «materialistic». People sometimes fail to appreciate the beauty which surrounds us everywhere. They are too obsessed with, as they say, «real problems». Unfortunately, if you tell them to stop and look around, they’ll think you’re just laughing at them. «Can’t you see I’m busy? Staring at things can’t give me any money!» — will be the answer.
But all of us shouldn’t forget the human personality is a fivefold constitution (a body, a life, a mind, a psychic and a spiritual being). None of these elements stands disconnected from the others. It’s good to climb a career ladder as fast as possible and become prosperous. But don’t forget about your soul — treat it to some art.
In my opinion art plays a great role in the development of the spiritual world of every human being. Art helps to see things from another point of view, it elevates the mind and soul, it helps to develop a good taste. I think it’s very important that talented artists manage to capture and represent such an intangible thing as the mood. Thus the beholder not only gets information about the subject matter of the canvas but also he is able to understand the artist’s attitude to it. And we should agree that a good painter should involve beholders into his creative process. T mean that while painting the artist just gives us some clues, hints better to understand his message but only a very careful art-lover will understand them completely.
People who would like to call themselves educated ought to know a lot about art. It’s all because art shows a person’s outlook. For instance, there are such genres in fine art as a ceremonial portrait or a historical painting. How can a person understand the artist’s message if he doesn’t even know what’s going on the canvas?
Besides historical paintings and portraits there are other genres of fine art such as a landscape, a genre painting, a still life, a religious painting, etc. Each genre usually has some special features (at least, it used to have, because nowadays modern art is developing and it really knows no bounds).
Let’s take a portrait. Though every portrait is distinct and individual, the center point of each is a face or a human figure. Other details are usually subordinated to it. In the background we can see absolutely different things — and it depends on the artist’s design whether the background is vague or it is clearly outlined. The likeness of the good portrait and the original is caught with a sure hand. Moreover, it’s important not only to convey the face features of the person but also to render a sense of his or her character. A good portrait can tell us the whole story of a person’s life!
What are other things which make canvases so different? Certainly, the style of painting plays a great role. Suffice it to say that if we compare an ancient portrait with a portrait which belongs to the epoch of the Renaissance or to modern times, we’ll notice the difference at first sight. In the beginning people didn’t know anything about the rules of painting, about such things as perspective or the way how to convey volume. A great technical contribution was made into painting during the Renaissance, when each picture seemed to strive for perfection. New rules of painting were discovered and canvases became more realistic. Artists started to pay attention to the smallest detail, there was a wide-color scheme in their works, they managed to achieve vision in depth and to create an open-air feeling in the work.
It’s really impossible to mention all the styles of fine art as there are lots of them, but T’ll say some words about one. It’s Impressionism, one of my favourite.
As you can guess from the name «Impressionism», the main aim of the painters who work in this style is to capture and represent the first impression the scene has made on them. They view the scene broadly and that’s why they don’t tend to depict every detail. So, how do they manage to render volume and perspective?
It’s all because they invented a new technique and adopted a new palette. Firstly, they discovered that every color has a complementary one (e.g. violet for greenish-yellow). They used them together and colors dazzled and dissolved in the eyes of beholders producing a wonderful effect. Then, they didn’t mix colors, instead they put down pure colors which at a distance fused and produced the effect desired. They didn’t use black color — only dark green, indigo or deep violet. Besides, impressionists usually used quick, vigorous brush strokes and rarely outlined the objects.
This technique was revolutionary. None had ever tried to do something like this before. That’s why at first people couldn’t understand Impressionism, their works of art were banned, other artists simply despised them. And now these canvases are the most expensive ones in the world.
In prehistoric times the first people used chalk to draw a bison or a deer in their caves. Little children try to draw everything they see around them. You see, people tend to be creative. It’s a wonderful way to express our own personality, a great way to distract from problems. And though some people will say it’s just a waste of time and it’s completely useless, it isn’t. Yes, probably not everyone is gifted enough to become a brilliant artist, but everyone possesses an ability to contemplate. Don’t let your soul be bored — open the world of Art for yourself, explore its mysteries, ask questions and search for answers, enjoy the masterpieces and, probably, create your own one!
(9/11)
The variety of arts is unlimited. What do you prefer: cinema, theatre, painting, music? Why?
Art is defined in encyclopedias as the process and result of making material works, which reflect beauty or reality. The "creative arts" denote a number of disciplines whose purpose is to create material things which reflect a message, mood, and symbols for the viewer to interpret.
Art includes various forms such as prose writing, poetry, dance, acting, sculpture, painting, music, etc. The term "arts" often means "fine arts" - painting, sculpture, drawing, engraving. Installation art, furniture, industrial design, graphic design and others are included in applied arts. There are a variety of arts, including visual arts and design, decorative arts, plastic arts, and the performing arts. Artistic expression may take many forms: painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, music and architecture. New forms include photography, film, video art, conceptual art, performance art, land art, fashion, comics, computer art. Within each form, a wide range of genres may exist.
Of all the forms of art, I prefer painting and music. I am really interested in painting for several reasons. Firstly, it is one of the oldest forms of art. Humans have been painting for about 6 times as long as they have been writing. The oldest painting found is over 32,000 years old. Painting is a form of art which is believed by many to express feelings and ideas in the visual form. Using visual images - colours, light and shade, forms and shape, a painter makes us understand his concept of life, share his feelings and enjoy the beauty of the world. Secondly, painting offers you a wide choice of styles, it allows us to be as specific or abstract as we please. From the wide range of various art schools and styles (realism, impressionism, cubism, fauvism, surrealism, modernism, pop art, etc.) you can choose one to your liking. The art schools I prefer are realism and impressionism, as I think they depict form and mood in the most distinct and vivid way.
The second form of art I am really keen on is music. The term "music" is difficult to define. It can be explained, for example, as the art of making pleasing combinations of sounds in rhythm, harmony and counterpoint. The music that composers make can be heard through several media; the most traditional way is to hear it live, in the presence of performers. Live music can also be broadcast over the radio, television or the internet. Firstly, music helps me relax and relieve stress. When I listen to music, classical, jazz, rap or any other type of music I enjoy, I forget about the troubles of everyday life; music provides an escape from everyday problems. Stress melts away as I am taken in by the beauty of the music. It can help me feel calm and deeply relaxed. Secondly, music affects my emotions. Each type of music sets distinct mood and changes mine. In doing so, it appeals both to my mind and to the subconscious. Whether I am feeling sad, frustrated or confused, I listen to merry or tender music, and my mood shifts.
There are many divisions and groupings of music. Among the larger genres are classical music, popular music or commercial music, country music and folk music. Classical music is sophisticated and refined, but it is a universal form of communication, it historically was the music of the upper strata of society. Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public; it is mostly distributed commercially. It is sometimes abbreviated to pop music, although pop music is more often used for a narrower branch of popular music. Pop music is usually memorable, with voices, lyrics, instruments creating catchy tunes. Pop music attracts listeners through easy sound images.
Translate the
following sentences into English.
1. Из всего безграничного многообразия видов искусства я
предпочитаю живопись и музыку.
2. Искусство пользуется популярностью у многих людей, поскольку
оно отражает красоту мира.
3. Изобразительные искусства включают живопись, рисунок,
гравюру, скульптуру и ряд прикладных видов искусства, таких как
инсталляция, промышленный дизайн, графический дизайн и т. д.
4. Художественное выражение принимает традиционные формы, такие
как живопись, скульптура, музыка и архитектура, а также ряд
новых форм, таких как фотография, видеоисскусство,
концептуальное искусство, ландшафтный дизайн и т. д.
5. Зрительные образы, которые использует художник, такие как
цвет, свет, тень, форма, выражают его видение жизни.
6. Важнейшими элементами музыки являются звуки, ритм, гармония и
контрапункт.
7. Музыка включает множество жанров (разновидностей), таких как
популярная, или коммерческая музыка, музыка кантри, классическая
музыка.
8. Классическая музыка раньше была музыкой высших слоев
общества, популярная музыка доступна широкой аудитории.
1. Of the
unlimited variety of arts, I prefer painting and music.
2. Art is popular with many people because it reflects beauty or
reality.
3. Fine arts include painting, drawing, engraving, sculpture,
and a number of applied arts like installation art, industrial
design, graphic design, and so on.
4. Artistic expression takes traditional forms like painting,
sculpture, music and architecture, and a number of new forms,
such as photography, video art, conceptual art, land art and so
on.
5. Visual images used by the painter, such as colours, light,
shade, shape express his concept of life.
6. The most important elements of music are sounds, rhythm,
harmony and counterpoint.
7. Music includes many genres, such as popular music, or
commercial music, country music, classical music.
8. Classical music used to be the music of the upper strata of
society, popular music is accessible to general public.
Из пособия "ЕГЭ. Английский язык. Устные темы" Занина Е.Л. (2010, 272с.) - Part one. English examination topics. Forms 9/11.
The Arts play a large role in the expression of inner thoughts and beauty in my life. From dance and music to abstract art our concept of life is shown through the various ways in which we interpret it. We use the Arts as a means of touching that part of us that we cannot reach with Physical Science, Social Science, or any of the Humanities. The arts allow us to be as specific or as abstract as we please. It helps us become closer to ourselves and to others around us. Though there has been a lot of confusion as to what the true definition of “good art” is, how we show others what is going on in our minds and inner souls cannot be judged, graded, criticized or revised by anyone other than ourselves.
The arts play a valued role in creating cultures and developing and documenting civilizations. The arts teach us how to communicate through creative expression. Show us how to understand human experiences, past and present. Prepare us to adapt to and respect the ways others think, work, and express themselves. Music, singing, dancing, poetry, and sketching are just a few of the different forms of art that I use to express myself in a way that I enjoy.
Because each art discipline appeals to different senses and expresses itself through different media, each adds a special richness to the learning environment. Arts help people Learn to identify, appreciate, and participate in the traditional and non-traditional art forms of their own communities and the communities of others. Art teaches us how to be imaginative, creative, and reflective. Different art forms help us develop the verbal and nonverbal abilities necessary for lifelong learning. The intellectual demands of the arts help us develop problem-solving abilities and such powerful thinking skills as analyzing and evaluating. Numerous studies point toward a consistent and positive comparison between concrete education in the arts and student achievement in other subjects. A program in arts education would engage students in a process that helps them develop the self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, and self-motivation necessary for success in life. Most important, the arts should be experienced and studied for their own true value.
If art was not present in my life, I know that I would be missing so much. I would not be able to do the things that I love to do each day. The only way to express yourself is through art, and the presence of art in the lives of today’s society plays a big role. People listen to music every day, they dance, and sing. For many people’s art is a way of life, and without it they would be lost. Art is the only way to express one’s true feelings. Without art the world would be a dull and sad place. People would not be able to communicate in the same sense that art allows them to. Art shows people’s individualism. Without art wouldn’t we all be the same?
There many arts in the world, but the most popular are: literature, music, theatre, cinema and others. Every person has his or her own favorite art.
Music has always fascinated people. It touches their hearts and makes them laugh or cry. Music can be heard everywhere. Nowadays there are a lot of musical genres: classical music, rock music, pop music, club music and others. I can listen to any genre of music. It depends on my mood. When I am sad I listen to classical music. When I am happy I like listening to energetic, fast music and hard beat. However, some people listen to one kind of music only and they listen to it no matter what mood they are in.
There are a lot of wonderful works of literature-Famous writers and poets created a big variety of poems, stories and novels that are read over the world. Russian poets and writers like Pushkin, Tolstoy and Dostoevsky are famous all over the world. Their works are translated into many languages.
Theatre is a popular kind of arts, too. There are a lot of theatres in Russia, but most of them are situated in Moscow. The Bolshoi Theatre and the Maly Theatre are world famous. If you like opera you should go to the Bolshoi Theatre. The tickets are rather expensive though. The Maly Theatre stages dramas and plays based on classical novels.
I am a theatre-goer. I prefer going to drama theatres. I do not like opera and ballet. Not long ago I saw Uncle"s Dream by Dostoevsky in the Vakhtangov Theatre I liked the play a lot. The decorations were rich and the famous actors played very well. There was a storm of applause after the performance.
Nowadays theatres are becoming less and less popular, and cinema has got big popularity instead. There are a lot of cinemas in Moscow: modern and old-fashioned, cheap and expensive. Modern films are full of audio and computer special effects and people go to the cinema to enjoy them. The so-called home cinemas have appeared lately. More and more people buy modern TV-sets with large flat screens and special sound equipment and watch films at home.
My favorite art is painting. I enjoy going to art galleries to look at paintings. I think that this type of art will exist forever. Artists express their feelings and emotions in their paintings. There are a lot of art galleries in Moscow, but the most famous one is me Tretyakov Gallery. It has large collections of paintings by Russian and foreign painters. My favorite painting is landscape. I think that Russian landscapists are the best in the world. I love going to this gallery when I have free time. One of my friends draws very well she is going to enter the University of Arts to become a professional artist. But I think that amateurs are the best artists.
Unfortunately I do not have any talent for this or that art. I used to sing in childhood, but then I gave it up. I think that arts are not for me.